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</span> </span> is suing the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, alleging that a bureau investigation into the Dallas-based company's administration of a federal prepaid card program is unlawful.</p><div class="inline-gate"></div><p>In a lawsuit filed on Nov. 8, <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> accuses the CFPB of "pursuing an aggressive and overreaching investigation" of the bank's role as the designated financial agent for the Treasury Department's Direct Express program, which provides federal benefits on prepaid cards to more than three million Americans.</p><p><ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> had previously disclosed that it was being investigated by the CFPB. But the lawsuit appears to be the first time the company has said the investigation involves Direct Express.</p><p>The bank argues that the CFPB's 3-year-old investigation has "failed to acknowledge" that <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> "generally acted with the oversight and knowledge or approval of the federal government."</p><div id="googleAdce89ff79-e267-4f55-b9af-3475c21abf01" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/16059533/AmericanBanker/Article" data-slot-sizes="[[550, 309]]" data-lazy-threshold="100" data-slot-adsizemap="[[[768, 0], [550, 309]], [[320, 0], [550, 309]]]" data-injected-for-mobile="true" data-position="video-in-article"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div><div id="googleAd186c19d0-1641-487b-a9d7-560bd42bebce" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/16059533/AmericanBanker/Article" data-slot-sizes="[[550, 309]]" data-lazy-threshold="100" data-slot-adsizemap="[[[768, 0], [550, 309]], [[320, 0], [550, 309]]]" data-injected-for-mobile="false" data-position="video-in-article"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div><div class="Enhancement" data-type="polar"> <div class="Enhancement-item"><div id="googleAd1cb7207e-1655-4631-8bd4-a5d89f32ebb4" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/16059533/AmericanBanker/Article" data-slot-sizes="[[1, 1]]" data-slot-adSizeMap="[[[320, 0], [1, 1]]]" data-position="native-in-article1"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div></div> </div><p>The lawsuit also alleges that the bureau's investigation "exceeds the scope of the CFPB's statutory authority," and it argues that the CFPB's funding structure violates both the Constitution and the Dodd-Frank Act. <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> says the bureau has repeatedly threatened to bring an enforcement action against the bank for alleged inadequate fraud prevention controls.</p><p>In an email Wednesday, a <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> spokesperson said the $80.2 billion-asset bank has "worked hard to fulfill the obligations" of its Treasury contract and "to administer this complex program" while minimizing disruptions.</p><p>"Despite our good faith efforts to provide the critical context, the CFPB has consistently ignored our arguments and documentation and, in our view, stepped beyond its legal and regulatory authority to further its position," the company spokesperson said. </p><div id="googleAdf22bbd94-c49a-4c33-ac13-d16025c56558" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/16059533/AmericanBanker/Article" data-slot-sizes="[[728, 90]]" data-lazy-threshold="100" data-slot-adsizemap="[[[768, 0], [728, 90]]]" data-injected-for-mobile="false" data-position="asset-banner-1"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div><p>The spokesperson added that <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> intends to "vigorously defend" itself against potential claims issued by the bureau.</p><p>The lawsuit, which was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, is the latest development in <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica's</a></ps-link> effort to defend itself against claims that it mishandled the lucrative Direct Express program.</p><p>Last year, the bank <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/comerica-in-serious-violation-of-treasurys-direct-express-program#:~:text=Comerica%20argued%20that%20the%20Treasury,Regulation%20E%20lite%27%20benefits.%22" class="Link" target="_blank"><u>faced allegations</u></a></ps-link> that it violated contractual obligations by outsourcing fraud complaints from Direct Express beneficiaries to a vendor in Pakistan. <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> has also been accused of sharing sensitive consumer data with vendors and <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/comerica-scrambles-to-address-fraud-in-prepaid-benefits-program" class="Link" target="_blank"><u>failing to reimburse</u></a></ps-link> beneficiaries who said their government benefits were stolen.</p><p>In June, <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> agreed to pay $1.2 million to <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/comerica-to-settle-direct-express-fraud-class-action-lawsuit-for-1-2-million" class="Link" target="_blank"><u>settle a class-action lawsuit</u></a></ps-link> that accused the bank of denying refunds to prepaid cardholders who alleged their government benefits were stolen.</p><div id="googleAde7d8448e-222d-4406-98e8-c51a2974edab" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/16059533/AmericanBanker/Article" data-slot-sizes="[[728, 90]]" data-lazy-threshold="100" data-slot-adsizemap="[[[768, 0], [728, 90]]]" data-injected-for-mobile="false" data-position="asset-banner-2"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div><p>A month later, the bank disclosed that it had received a preliminary rejection notification from Treasury in connection with its effort to maintain its role with the Direct Express program. <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> was first selected as the program's financial agent in 2008 and was later chosen twice more — in 2014 and in 2019.</p><p><ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica's</a></ps-link> current contract with Treasury is due to expire on Jan. 2, 2025. Last month, the bank said in a quarterly filing that the contract has a potential extension for up to three years to "facilitate an orderly transition." It also said that "under the contract, Treasury will use reasonable efforts to notify the bank by Dec. 3, 2024," of its decision to extend the deal.</p><p>"While the length of the transition is currently unknown," <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> noted in the filing, "the corporation believes it may take some time, given the scale and complexity of the program as well as its own transition experience." The loss of the contract "could be material," the bank added.</p><div class="Enhancement" data-align-center> <div class="Enhancement-item"><div class="PromoMediumImageRight" data-content-type="Article"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-content"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-headline"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-category"> <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/earnings" class="Link" target="_blank">Earnings</a></ps-link> </div> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-title"> <a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/comerica-likely-wont-be-able-to-renew-lucrative-treasury-contract" target="_blank"> Comerica likely won't be able to renew lucrative Treasury contract </a> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-description"><p>Shares in the Dallas bank fell sharply after it disclosed that it expects to lose its contract for the Direct Express program, which would wipe out more than $3 billion in non-interest bearing deposits. Comerica's involvement with the Treasury Department's prepaid card program has been marred by controversy.</p></div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-bottomWrapper"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-byline"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-byline-content"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-authorName"> By <a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/author/kate-berry">Kate Berry</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-timeSince">July 19</div> </div> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-mediaWrapper" data-is-opinion-promo="false"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-media"> <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/comerica-likely-wont-be-able-to-renew-lucrative-treasury-contract" class="Link" target="_blank"><picture><source type="image/webp" width="1280" height="720" 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1240w,https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/26a2936/2147483647/strip/true/crop/456x257+0+45/resize/1440x810!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F98%2F9e%2F702860d84fb79754cfc3e8bcd38e%2Fcomerica-1.jpg 1440w" width="1280" height="720" loading="lazy" src="https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e458ef7/2147483647/strip/true/crop/456x257+0+45/resize/1280x720!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F98%2F9e%2F702860d84fb79754cfc3e8bcd38e%2Fcomerica-1.jpg"></picture></a></ps-link> </div> </div> </div></div> </div><p>The Bank of New York Mellon is expected to <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/bny-to-win-treasurys-direct-express-benefits-contract" class="Link" target="_blank"><u>take over the contract</u></a></ps-link>, sources told American Banker in July. Neither BNY nor Treasury have confirmed that reporting.</p><p>Administering the federal prepaid card program is a sizable business for <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link>. Card fee income related to Direct Express totaled $137 million in 2023 and $29 million in the third quarter of 2024.</p><p>The consumer bureau began looking into <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica's</a></ps-link> handling of the Direct Express contract in 2021 by issuing a civil investigative demand, according to the lawsuit. A civil investigative demand is a type of subpoena that permits federal agencies to request information without going through formal court processes.</p><p>In September 2023, the CFPB notified <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> that it was considering legal action, even as the agency was requesting more information from the bank, the lawsuit alleges. The following month, <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> "submitted a detailed response" to the CFPB's claims," but in May 2024, the bureau told the bank that it planned to "pursue a public enforcement action against <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> based on practices that the CFPB alleges are unlawful," according to the suit.</p><p>The CFPB declined to comment Wednesday on the lawsuit. </p><p><ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link">Comerica</a></ps-link> did not say how much money it expects to spend on legal fees connected to the lawsuit. But it has already "incurred millions of dollars in legal fees defending" itself against the CFPB's investigation, the company said in the lawsuit.</p></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-byline-bottom"> <div class="ArticlePage-byline-bottom-authors"> <div class="ArticlePage-byline-bottom-authorInfo"> <div class="ArticlePage-byline-bottom-authorInfo-bio-name"> <a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/author/allissa-kline" aria-label="">Allissa Kline</a> </div> <div class="ArticlePage-byline-bottom-authorInfo-bio-content"> Staff Writer, American Banker <div class="SocialBarArticleFooter"> <ul class="SocialBarArticleFooter-items"> <li class="SocialBarArticleFooter-items-item" data-social-service=""> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.americanbanker.com/author/allissa-kline" target="_blank" data-social-service="author"> <svg> <use xlink:href="#mono-icon-author"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="SocialBarArticleFooter-items"> <li class="SocialBarArticleFooter-items-item" data-social-service="twitter"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/AllissaKline" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">twitter</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBarArticleFooter-items-item" data-social-service="mailto"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="mailto: allissa.kline@arizent.com" data-social-service="mailto"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-mailto"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">mailto</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBarArticleFooter-items-item" data-social-service="linkedin"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/allissa-kline-4060353" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">linkedin</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="ActionBar-reprintDescription">For reprint and licensing requests for this article, <ps-link><a href="https://info.wrightsmedia.com/arizent-licensing-and-reprints" class="Link" target="_blank">click here</a></ps-link>. </div> <div class="ArticlePage-all-tags"> <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/cfpb-news" class="Link" target="_self">CFPB News & Analysis</a></ps-link> <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/organization/comerica-bank" class="Link" target="_self">Comerica Bank</a></ps-link> <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/tag/commercial-banking" class="Link" target="_self">Commercial banking</a></ps-link> <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/tag/regulation-and-compliance" class="Link" target="_self">Regulation and compliance</a></ps-link> <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/tag/law-and-legal-issues" class="Link" target="_self">Law and legal issues</a></ps-link> </div> </div> </main> <aside class="ArticlePage-aside"> <aside class="ArticlePage-aside-content"> <div id="googleAdec1cdcf4-9e45-445a-8dd9-d533c42ed1da" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/16059533/AmericanBanker/Article" data-slot-sizes="[[300, 250], [300, 600], [300, 1050]]" data-lazy-threshold="100" data-prevent-define="true" data-slot-adSizeMap="[[[768, 0], [300, 250], [300, 600], [300, 1050]], [[0, 0], [300, 250]]]" data-position="bigbox1"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div><div id="googleAd0930cfaf-8d8b-4d0f-bf09-d6b25f2864af" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/16059533/AmericanBanker/Article" data-slot-sizes="[[300, 250], [300, 600]]" data-lazy-threshold="100" data-prevent-define="true" data-slot-adSizeMap="[[[768, 0], [300, 250], [300, 600]], [[0, 0], [0, 0]]]" data-position="bigbox2"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div><ps-piano class="right-rail-trending-test" style="display:block"></ps-piano><div class="RawHtml" data-module-mame="omeda-right-rail-container"><div 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data-image-size="promoMedium"srcset="https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/b107442/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1125+0+105/resize/1280x720!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F5d%2Ff4%2Fd1779d2d4dc489ba92f6672e1115%2F410442566.jpg"/><img class="Image" data-image-size="promoMedium" alt="Michelle Bowman" srcset="https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/4f282bb/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1125+0+105/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F5d%2Ff4%2Fd1779d2d4dc489ba92f6672e1115%2F410442566.jpg 320w,https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1167268/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1125+0+105/resize/568x320!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F5d%2Ff4%2Fd1779d2d4dc489ba92f6672e1115%2F410442566.jpg 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<div class="PromoMediumImageRight-title"> <a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/first-foundation-hires-outsider-as-ceo-amid-strategy-overhaul" target=""> First Foundation's new CEO has history of priming banks to sell </a> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-description"><p>The Dallas bank's new CEO, Thomas Shafer, served in top roles at a number of banks that were subsequently acquired before he stepped away from the industry in 2022. </p></div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-bottomWrapper"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-byline"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-byline-content"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-authorName"> By <a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/author/catherine-leffert">Catherine Leffert</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-timeSince">November 22</div> </div> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-mediaWrapper" data-is-opinion-promo="false"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-media"> <ps-link><a 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srcset="https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/8df6ddb/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5185x2917+0+270/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F9d%2Fae%2F2d538ec942b6b5d973468ec35be5%2Fadobestock-529084958-editorial-use-only.jpeg 320w,https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/9beb6d4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5185x2917+0+270/resize/568x320!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F9d%2Fae%2F2d538ec942b6b5d973468ec35be5%2Fadobestock-529084958-editorial-use-only.jpeg 568w,https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/8b39576/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5185x2917+0+270/resize/768x432!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F9d%2Fae%2F2d538ec942b6b5d973468ec35be5%2Fadobestock-529084958-editorial-use-only.jpeg 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data-image-size="promoMedium"srcset="https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/68b4240/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4000x2250+0+209/resize/320x180!/format/webp/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdb%2Fda%2F595a03054648bb533fbbe6264f77%2F238536410.jpg 320w,https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/bb636d1/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4000x2250+0+209/resize/568x320!/format/webp/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdb%2Fda%2F595a03054648bb533fbbe6264f77%2F238536410.jpg 568w,https://arizent.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/063d945/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4000x2250+0+209/resize/768x432!/format/webp/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsource-media-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdb%2Fda%2F595a03054648bb533fbbe6264f77%2F238536410.jpg 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Four years and $133 million later, the program is still going strong.</p></div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-bottomWrapper"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-byline"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-byline-content"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-authorName"> By <a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/author/john-reosti">John Reosti</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-timeSince">November 22</div> </div> </div> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-mediaWrapper" data-is-opinion-promo="false"> <div class="PromoMediumImageRight-media"> <ps-link><a href="https://www.americanbanker.com/news/a-small-dollar-business-lending-scheme-finds-a-niche-at-huntington" class="Link"><picture><source type="image/webp" width="1280" height="720" 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