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Gymnastics - Wikipedia
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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FIG-recognized_disciplines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FIG-recognized_disciplines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>FIG-recognized disciplines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-FIG-recognized_disciplines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle FIG-recognized disciplines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-FIG-recognized_disciplines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artistic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Artistic gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Competitive_events_for_women_in_artistic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_events_for_women_in_artistic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Competitive events for women in artistic gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitive_events_for_women_in_artistic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vault" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vault"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Vault</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vault-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uneven_bars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uneven_bars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.2</span> <span>Uneven bars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uneven_bars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balance_beam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balance_beam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.3</span> <span>Balance beam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balance_beam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.4</span> <span>Floor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.5</span> <span>Scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_events_for_men_in_artistic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_events_for_men_in_artistic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Competitive events for men in artistic gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitive_events_for_men_in_artistic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Floor_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floor_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.1</span> <span>Floor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floor_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pommel_horse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pommel_horse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.2</span> <span>Pommel horse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pommel_horse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Still_rings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Still_rings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.3</span> <span>Still rings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Still_rings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vault_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vault_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.4</span> <span>Vault</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vault_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parallel_bars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parallel_bars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.5</span> <span>Parallel bars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parallel_bars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horizontal_bar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horizontal_bar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.6</span> <span>Horizontal bar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horizontal_bar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythmic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythmic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rhythmic gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythmic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rhythmic_gymnastics_apparatus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythmic_gymnastics_apparatus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Rhythmic gymnastics apparatus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythmic_gymnastics_apparatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men's_rhythmic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men's_rhythmic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Men's rhythmic gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men's_rhythmic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trampolining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trampolining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Trampolining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trampolining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trampolining_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trampolining_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Trampolining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trampolining_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individual_trampoline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_trampoline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.1</span> <span>Individual trampoline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_trampoline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synchronized_trampoline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synchronized_trampoline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.2</span> <span>Synchronized trampoline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synchronized_trampoline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double-mini_trampoline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double-mini_trampoline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1.3</span> <span>Double-mini trampoline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double-mini_trampoline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tumbling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tumbling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Tumbling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tumbling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acrobatic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acrobatic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Acrobatic gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acrobatic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerobic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerobic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Aerobic gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerobic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parkour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parkour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Parkour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parkour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Para-gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Para-gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Para-gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Para-gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_disciplines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_disciplines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other disciplines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_disciplines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other disciplines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_disciplines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aesthetic_group_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aesthetic_group_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Aesthetic group gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aesthetic_group_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TeamGym" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TeamGym"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>TeamGym</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TeamGym-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wheel_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheel_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Wheel gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheel_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mallakhamba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mallakhamba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Mallakhamba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mallakhamba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-competitive_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-competitive_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Non-competitive gymnastics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-competitive_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring_(code_of_points)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring_(code_of_points)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Scoring (code of points)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring_(code_of_points)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_apparatus_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_apparatus_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Former apparatus and events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Former_apparatus_and_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Former apparatus and events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Former_apparatus_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rope_climbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rope_climbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Rope climbing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rope_climbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flying_rings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flying_rings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Flying rings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flying_rings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Club_swinging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Club_swinging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Club swinging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Club_swinging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_(men's_artistic)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_(men's_artistic)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Other (men's artistic)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_(men's_artistic)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_(women's_artistic)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_(women's_artistic)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Other (women's artistic)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_(women's_artistic)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Health and safety</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_and_safety-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health and safety subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_and_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Landing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podium_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podium_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Podium training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podium_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Physical injuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Abuse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Height_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Height_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Height concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Height_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gymnastics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastiek" title="Gimnastiek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gimnastiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="جمباز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمباز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ximnasia" title="Ximnasia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ximnasia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika" title="Gimnastika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ژیمناستیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژیمناستیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8" title="জিমন্যাস্টিকস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিমন্যাস্টিকস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9-chhau" title="Thé-chhau – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thé-chhau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гімнастыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гімнастыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гімнастыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гімнастыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika" title="Gimnastika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimn%C3%A0stica" title="Gimnàstica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gimnàstica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastika" title="Gymnastika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gymnastika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnasteg" title="Gymnasteg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gymnasteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastik" title="Gymnastik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gymnastik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnen" title="Turnen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turnen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5imlemine" title="Võimlemine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Võimlemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γυμναστική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γυμναστική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnasia" title="Gimnasia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gimnasia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastiko" title="Gimnastiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gimnastiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika" title="Gimnastika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ژیمناستیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژیمناستیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastique" title="Gymnastique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gymnastique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ximnasia" title="Ximnasia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ximnasia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%A1%B0" title="체조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մարմնամարզություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարմնամարզություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="जिम्नास्टिक्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जिम्नास्टिक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika" title="Gimnastika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastiko" title="Gimnastiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gimnastiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senam" title="Senam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fimleikar" title="Fimleikar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fimleikar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginnastica" title="Ginnastica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ginnastica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התעמלות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התעמלות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senam" title="Senam – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Senam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="ტანვარჯიში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტანვარჯიში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimnastiki" title="Jimnastiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jimnastiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimnastik" title="Jimnastik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jimnastik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEmnast%C3%AEk" title="Jîmnastîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jîmnastîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vingro%C5%A1ana" title="Vingrošana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vingrošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika" title="Gimnastika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torna_(sport)" title="Torna (sport) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Torna (sport)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജിംനാസ്റ്റിക്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജിംനാസ്റ്റിക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="जिम्नॅस्टिक्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जिम्नॅस्टिक्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="جمباز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جمباز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastik" title="Gimnastik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gimnastik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastiek_(sport)" title="Gymnastiek (sport) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gymnastiek (sport)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E6%93%8D" title="体操 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="体操" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastikk" title="Gymnastikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gymnastikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastikk" title="Gymnastikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gymnastikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastike" title="Gimnastike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gimnastike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastica" title="Gimnastica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gimnastica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Гимнастике – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гимнастике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika" title="Gimnastika – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95" title="ਜਿਮਨਾਸਟਿਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਿਮਨਾਸਟਿਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DA%A9" title="جمناسٹک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جمناسٹک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastyka" title="Gimnastyka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gimnastyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%A1stica" title="Ginástica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ginástica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastic%C4%83" title="Gimnastică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gimnastică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faamalositino" title="Faamalositino – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faamalositino" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="दाक्षम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="दाक्षम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dithobollo" title="Dithobollo – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Dithobollo" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjimnastika" title="Gjimnastika – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjimnastika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginn%C3%A0stica" title="Ginnàstica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ginnàstica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="ජිම්නාස්ටික් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජිම්නාස්ටික්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gymnastics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BD%DA%AA" title="جمناسٽڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جمناسٽڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastika" title="Gymnastika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gymnastika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika" title="Gimnastika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimnastika" title="Gimnastika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gimnastika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voimistelu" title="Voimistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Voimistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastik" title="Gymnastik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gymnastik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himnastika" title="Himnastika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Himnastika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சீருடற்பயிற்சிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீருடற்பயிற்சிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="జిమ్నాస్టిక్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జిమ్నాస్టిక్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ยิมนาสติก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยิมนาสติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гимнастика – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гимнастика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimnastik" title="Jimnastik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jimnastik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гімнастика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гімнастика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DA%A9" title="جمناسٹک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جمناسٹک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_d%E1%BB%A5c_d%E1%BB%A5ng_c%E1%BB%A5" title="Thể dục dụng cụ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thể dục dụng cụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djimlastike" title="Djimlastike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djimlastike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E6%93%8D" title="体操 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="体操" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%93%8D" title="體操 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="體操" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E6%93%8D" title="体操 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="体操" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43450#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sport requiring strength and flexibility</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Gymnastics</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ESTADOS_UNIDOS_LEVAM_OURO_NA_GIN%C3%81STICA_FEMININA_POR_EQUIPES_DOS_JOGOS_OL%C3%8DMPICOS_RIO_2016_(28849586476).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ESTADOS_UNIDOS_LEVAM_OURO_NA_GIN%C3%81STICA_FEMININA_POR_EQUIPES_DOS_JOGOS_OL%C3%8DMPICOS_RIO_2016_%2828849586476%29.jpg/220px-ESTADOS_UNIDOS_LEVAM_OURO_NA_GIN%C3%81STICA_FEMININA_POR_EQUIPES_DOS_JOGOS_OL%C3%8DMPICOS_RIO_2016_%2828849586476%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ESTADOS_UNIDOS_LEVAM_OURO_NA_GIN%C3%81STICA_FEMININA_POR_EQUIPES_DOS_JOGOS_OL%C3%8DMPICOS_RIO_2016_%2828849586476%29.jpg/330px-ESTADOS_UNIDOS_LEVAM_OURO_NA_GIN%C3%81STICA_FEMININA_POR_EQUIPES_DOS_JOGOS_OL%C3%8DMPICOS_RIO_2016_%2828849586476%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/ESTADOS_UNIDOS_LEVAM_OURO_NA_GIN%C3%81STICA_FEMININA_POR_EQUIPES_DOS_JOGOS_OL%C3%8DMPICOS_RIO_2016_%2828849586476%29.jpg/440px-ESTADOS_UNIDOS_LEVAM_OURO_NA_GIN%C3%81STICA_FEMININA_POR_EQUIPES_DOS_JOGOS_OL%C3%8DMPICOS_RIO_2016_%2828849586476%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Hyp%C3%B3lito" title="Daniele Hypólito">Daniele Hypólito</a> performing<br />on the <a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">balance beam</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique">Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique</a> (FIG)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Began in ancient Greece (<a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Contact_sport" title="Contact sport">No contact</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No, separate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Summer sport</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Women's artistic gymnastics (WAG):</b><br />floor, <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">vault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">uneven bars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">balance beam</a></li> <li><b>Men's artistic gymnastics (MAG):</b><br />floor, vault, <a href="/wiki/Still_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Still rings">still rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">pommel horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">parallel bars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">horizontal bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Gymnasium</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Country or region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Yes, <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gymnastics_practice_facility.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gymnastics_practice_facility.jpg/220px-Gymnastics_practice_facility.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gymnastics_practice_facility.jpg/330px-Gymnastics_practice_facility.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gymnastics_practice_facility.jpg/440px-Gymnastics_practice_facility.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6506" data-file-height="2776" /></a><figcaption>Gymnastics practice facility at a YMCA</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gymnastics</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sport</a> that includes <a href="/wiki/Physical_exercises" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical exercises">physical exercises</a> requiring <a href="/wiki/Balance_(ability)" title="Balance (ability)">balance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">strength</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flexibility_(anatomy)" title="Flexibility (anatomy)">flexibility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agility" title="Agility">agility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motor_coordination" title="Motor coordination">coordination</a>, artistry and <a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">endurance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the development of the arms, legs, shoulders, back, chest, and <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdominal</a> muscle groups. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greeks</a> that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most common form of competitive gymnastics is <a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">artistic gymnastics</a> (AG); for women, the events include <a href="/wiki/Floor_(gymnastics)" title="Floor (gymnastics)">floor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">vault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">uneven bars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">balance beam</a>; for men, besides floor and vault, it includes <a href="/wiki/Still_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Still rings">rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">pommel horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">parallel bars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">horizontal bar</a>. </p><p>The governing body for <a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competition</a> in gymnastics throughout the world is the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique">Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique</a> (FIG). Eight sports are governed by the FIG, including gymnastics for all, men's and women's <a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">artistic gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">rhythmic gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">trampolining</a> (including double mini-trampoline), <a href="/wiki/Tumbling_(gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumbling (gymnastics)">tumbling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_gymnastics" title="Acrobatic gymnastics">acrobatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_gymnastics" title="Aerobic gymnastics">aerobic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">parkour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disciplines not recognized by FIG include <a href="/wiki/Wheel_gymnastics" title="Wheel gymnastics">wheel gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_group_gymnastics" title="Aesthetic group gymnastics">aesthetic group gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/TeamGym" title="TeamGym">TeamGym</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mallakhamba" title="Mallakhamba">mallakhamba</a>. </p><p>Participants in gymnastics-related sports include young children, recreational-level athletes, and competitive athletes at all levels of skill. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word gymnastics derives from the common <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> adjective γυμνός ([[[wikt:γυμνός#Ancient|gymnos]]] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Non-latn text/Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by way of the related verb γυμνάζω (<i>gymnazo</i>), whose meaning is to "train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The verb had this meaning because athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_physical_training_and_fitness" title="History of physical training and fitness">History of physical training and fitness</a></div> <p>Gymnastics can be traced to exercises performed in Ancient Greece, specifically in Sparta and Athens. Exercise of that time was documented by Philostratus'<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> work <i>Gymnastics: The Ethics of an Athletic Aesthetic</i>. The original term for the practice of gymnastics is from the related Greek verb γυμνάζω (<i>gumnázō</i>), which translates as "to train naked or nude," because young men exercised without clothing. In ancient Greece, physical fitness was highly valued among both men and women. It was not until after the Romans conquered Greece in 146BC that gymnastics became more formalized and was used to train men in warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the basis of Philostratus' claim that gymnastics is a form of wisdom, comparable to philosophy, poetry, music, geometry, and astronomy,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the people of Athens combined this more physical training with the education of the mind. At the Palestra, a physical education training center, the discipline of educating the body and the mind were combined, allowing for a form of gymnastics that was more aesthetic and individual and that left behind the focus on strictness, discipline, the emphasis on defeating records, and a focus on strength.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="color lithograph of the bust of an elderly white man with a bald head except for long white hair on the sides of his head and a long beard that extends to his average breast. His white collar is visible above a simple black coat. His eyes are locked on the viewer's and his countenance is serious but calm." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn.jpg/170px-Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn.jpg/255px-Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn.jpg/340px-Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a>, the "father of gymnastics"</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Amor%C3%B3s_y_Ondeano" title="Francisco Amorós y Ondeano">Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano</a>—a Spanish colonel born on 19 February 1770, in Valencia, who died on 8 August 1848, in Paris—was the first person to introduce educative gymnastics in France. The German <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a> began the German gymnastics movement 1811 in Berlin, which led to the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">parallel bars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rings_(gymnastics)" title="Rings (gymnastics)">rings</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">high bar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">pommel horse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">vault horse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Germans <a href="/wiki/Charles_Beck" title="Charles Beck">Charles Beck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Follen" title="Charles Follen">Charles Follen</a> and American <a href="/wiki/John_Neal_(writer)" title="John Neal (writer)">John Neal</a> brought the first wave of gymnastics to the United States in the 1820s. Beck opened the first gymnasium in the US in 1825 at the <a href="/wiki/Round_Hill_School" title="Round Hill School">Round Hill School</a> in Northampton, Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Follen opened the first college gymnasium and the first public gymnasium in the US in 1826 at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> and in Boston, Massachusetts, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neal was the first American to open a public gymnasium in the US, in Portland, Maine, in 1827.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also documented and promoted these early efforts in the <i>American Journal of Education</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yankee" title="The Yankee">The Yankee</a></i>, helping to establish the American branch of the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damgymnastik._Gymnastiska_centralinstitutet,_Hamngatan_19,_Norrmalm,_Stockholm_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0034300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Damgymnastik._Gymnastiska_centralinstitutet%2C_Hamngatan_19%2C_Norrmalm%2C_Stockholm_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0034300.jpg/220px-Damgymnastik._Gymnastiska_centralinstitutet%2C_Hamngatan_19%2C_Norrmalm%2C_Stockholm_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0034300.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Damgymnastik._Gymnastiska_centralinstitutet%2C_Hamngatan_19%2C_Norrmalm%2C_Stockholm_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0034300.jpg/330px-Damgymnastik._Gymnastiska_centralinstitutet%2C_Hamngatan_19%2C_Norrmalm%2C_Stockholm_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0034300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Damgymnastik._Gymnastiska_centralinstitutet%2C_Hamngatan_19%2C_Norrmalm%2C_Stockholm_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0034300.jpg/440px-Damgymnastik._Gymnastiska_centralinstitutet%2C_Hamngatan_19%2C_Norrmalm%2C_Stockholm_-_Nordiska_Museet_-_NMA.0034300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1107" /></a><figcaption>Early 20th-century gymnastics in Stockholm, Sweden</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique">Federation of International Gymnastics</a> (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first modern <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>, in 1896. From then until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, <i>gymnastics,</i> which included, for example, synchronized team floor <a href="/wiki/Calisthenics" title="Calisthenics">calisthenics</a>, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organised and participated in gymnastics events. <a href="/wiki/Elin_Falk" title="Elin Falk">Elin Falk</a> revolutionised how gymnastic were taught in Swedish schools beteeen 1910 and 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first women's Olympic competition was limited, involving only synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928 in Amsterdam. </p><p>By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in a modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. In 1930, the first UK mass movement organization of women in gymnastics, the Women's League of Health and Beauty, was founded by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a precedent that continues. Television has helped publicize and initiate a modern age of gymnastics. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent. </p><p>In 2006, a new points system for Artistic gymnastics was put into play. An A Score (or D score) is the difficulty score, which as of 2009 derives from the eight highest-scoring elements in a routine (excluding Vault), in addition to the points awarded for composition requirements; each vault has a difficulty score assigned by the FIG. The B Score (or E Score), is the score for execution and is given for how well the skills are performed.<sup id="cite_ref-usagym.org_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usagym.org-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FIG-recognized_disciplines"><span id="International_competitive_gymnastics"></span>FIG-recognized disciplines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: FIG-recognized disciplines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnastics_competitions" title="List of gymnastics competitions">List of gymnastics competitions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_achievements_in_gymnastics_by_nation" title="Major achievements in gymnastics by nation">Major achievements in gymnastics by nation</a></div> <p>The following disciplines are governed by FIG. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artistic_gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Artistic gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg/220px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg/330px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg/440px-Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_Montreal1976f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci" title="Nadia Comăneci">Nadia Comăneci</a> in 1976. The artistry and grace of Comăneci and Soviet gymnast <a href="/wiki/Olga_Korbut" title="Olga Korbut">Olga Korbut</a> gave the sport global popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Artistic gymnastics is usually divided into men's and women's gymnastics. Men compete on six events: <a href="/wiki/Floor_(gymnastics)" title="Floor (gymnastics)">floor exercise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">pommel horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Still_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Still rings">still rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">vault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">parallel bars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">horizontal bar</a>, while women compete on four: vault, <a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">uneven bars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">balance beam</a>, and floor exercise. In some countries, women at one time competed on the rings, high bar, and parallel bars (for example, in the 1950s in the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>). </p><p>In 2006, FIG introduced a new point system for artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition.<sup id="cite_ref-usagym.org_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usagym.org-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the execution score was the only score. It was and still is out of 10.00, except for short exercises. During the gymnast's performance, the judges deduct this score only. A fall, on or off the apparatus, is a 1.00 deduction in elite level gymnastics. The introduction of the difficulty score is a significant change. The gymnast's difficulty score is based on what elements they perform and is subject to change if they do not perform or complete all the skills, or they do not connect a skill meant to be connected to another. Connection bonuses are where deviation happens most commonly between the intended and actual difficulty scores, as it can be difficult to connect multiple flight elements. It is very hard to connect skills if the first skill is not performed correctly. The new code of points allows the gymnasts to gain higher scores based on the difficulty of the skills they perform as well as their execution. There is no maximum score for difficulty, as it can keep increasing as the difficulty of the skills increase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Competitive_events_for_women_in_artistic_gymnastics">Competitive events for women in artistic gymnastics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Competitive events for women in artistic gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIked_Tsukahara_L9_Reginals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/PIked_Tsukahara_L9_Reginals.jpg/170px-PIked_Tsukahara_L9_Reginals.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/PIked_Tsukahara_L9_Reginals.jpg/255px-PIked_Tsukahara_L9_Reginals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/PIked_Tsukahara_L9_Reginals.jpg/340px-PIked_Tsukahara_L9_Reginals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>Piked <a href="/wiki/Tsukahara_(vault)" title="Tsukahara (vault)">Tsukahara vault</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Vault">Vault</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vault"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault (gymnastics)</a></div> <p>In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, to take off onto a vault board (or perform a roundoff or handspring entry onto a vault board), to land momentarily inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse or vaulting table (pre-flight segment), then propel themselves forward or backward off that platform to a two-footed landing (post-flight segment). Every gymnast starts at a different point on the vault runway depending on their height and strength. The post-flight segment may include one or more multiple saltos, or twisting movements. A round-off entry vault, called a <a href="/wiki/Yurchenko_(vault)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yurchenko (vault)">Yurchenko</a>, is a commonly performed vault in the higher levels in gymnastics. When performing a Yurchenko, gymnasts round-off so their hands are on the runway while their feet land on the vault board. From the round-off position, the gymnast travels backward so that the hands land on the vaulting table. The gymnast then blocks off the vaulting platform into various twisting and/or somersaulting combinations. The post-flight segment brings the gymnast to her feet. Less difficult vaults include taking off from the vault board with both feet at the same time and either doing a front handspring or round-off onto the vaulting table. </p><p>In 2001, the traditional vaulting horse was replaced with a new apparatus, sometimes known as a tongue, horse, or vaulting table. The new apparatus is more stable, wider, and longer than the older vaulting horse, approximately 1 m in length and 1 m in width, giving gymnasts a larger blocking surface. This apparatus is thus considered safer than the vaulting horse used in the past. With the addition of this new, safer vaulting table, gymnasts are attempting more difficult vaults.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skubik_on_Uneven_Bars_2006.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Skubik_on_Uneven_Bars_2006.JPG/220px-Skubik_on_Uneven_Bars_2006.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Skubik_on_Uneven_Bars_2006.JPG/330px-Skubik_on_Uneven_Bars_2006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Skubik_on_Uneven_Bars_2006.JPG/440px-Skubik_on_Uneven_Bars_2006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Gymnast on uneven bars</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Uneven_bars">Uneven bars</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uneven bars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></div> <p>On the uneven bars, gymnasts perform a timed routine on two parallel horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a> covered in wood <a href="/wiki/Laminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminate">laminate</a>, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies. The height of the bars may be adjusted by 5 cm to the size needed by individual gymnasts, although the distance between bars cannot be changed for individual gymnasts in elite competition. In the past, the uneven parallel bars were closer together. The bars have been moved increasingly further apart, allowing gymnasts to perform swinging, circling, transitional, and release moves that may pass over, under, and between the two bars. At the elite level, movements must pass through the handstand. Gymnasts often mount the uneven bars using a <a href="/wiki/Springboard_(gymnastics)" title="Springboard (gymnastics)">springboard</a> or a small mat. Gymnasts may use <a href="/wiki/MgCO3" class="mw-redirect" title="MgCO3">chalk (MgCO<sub>3</sub>)</a> and grips (a leather strip with holes for fingers to protect hands and improve performance) when performing this event. The chalk helps take the moisture out of gymnasts' hands to decrease friction and prevent rips (tears to the skin of the hands); dowel grips help gymnasts grip the bar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Balance_beam">Balance beam</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Balance beam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorina_B%C3%B6cz%C3%B6g%C5%91,_balance_beam,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dorina_B%C3%B6cz%C3%B6g%C5%91%2C_balance_beam%2C_2013.jpg/220px-Dorina_B%C3%B6cz%C3%B6g%C5%91%2C_balance_beam%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dorina_B%C3%B6cz%C3%B6g%C5%91%2C_balance_beam%2C_2013.jpg/330px-Dorina_B%C3%B6cz%C3%B6g%C5%91%2C_balance_beam%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dorina_B%C3%B6cz%C3%B6g%C5%91%2C_balance_beam%2C_2013.jpg/440px-Dorina_B%C3%B6cz%C3%B6g%C5%91%2C_balance_beam%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dorina_B%C3%B6cz%C3%B6g%C5%91" title="Dorina Böczögő">Dorina Böczögő</a> performing a one-arm press hold during her balance beam mount, 2013</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">Balance beam</a></div> <p>The gymnast performs a choreographed routine of up to 90 seconds in length consisting of leaps, acrobatic skills, somersaults, turns and dance elements on a padded beam. The beam is 125 centimetres (4 ft 1 in) from the ground, 5 metres (16 ft 5 in) long, and 10.16 centimetres (4.00 in) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-dimensions_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dimensions-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stationary object can also be adjusted, to be raised higher or lower. The gymnast begins the 70–90 seconds exercise by mounting the beam by either a vault or a jump. The event requires balance, flexibility, grace, poise, and strength. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Floor">Floor</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Floor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_ring_leap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Double_ring_leap.jpg/170px-Double_ring_leap.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Double_ring_leap.jpg/255px-Double_ring_leap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Double_ring_leap.jpg/340px-Double_ring_leap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="2150" /></a><figcaption>Gymnast doing a stag leap on floor exercise</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Floor_(gymnastics)" title="Floor (gymnastics)">Floor (gymnastics)</a></div> <p>The event in gymnastics performed on the floor is called floor exercise. The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is FX. In the past, the floor exercise event was executed on the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats. The floor event now occurs on a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of <a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a>, which is supported by springs generally called a spring floor. This provides a firm surface that provides extra bounce or spring when compressed, allowing gymnasts to achieve greater height and a softer landing after the composed skill. Gymnasts perform a choreographed routine for up to 90 seconds in the floor exercise event. Depending on the level, the gymnast may choose their own routine; however some levels have compulsory routines, where default music must be played. Levels three to six the music is the same for each levels along with the skills within the routine. However, recently, the levels have switched. Now, levels 6–10 are optional levels and they get to have custom routines made. In the optional levels (levels six to ten) there are skill requirements for the routine but the athlete is able to pick her own music without any words. The routine should consist of tumbling passes, series of jumps, leaps, dance elements, acrobatic skills, and turns, or pivots, on one foot. A gymnast can perform up to four tumbling passes, each of which usually includes at least one flight element without hand support. Each level of gymnastics requires the athlete to perform a different number of tumbling passes. In level 7 in the United States, a gymnast is required to do 2–3, and in levels 8–10, at least 3–4 tumbling passes are required.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Scoring">Scoring</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scoring for both Junior Olympic and NCAA level gymnastics uses a 10.0 scale. Levels below Level 9 start from a 10.0 automatically if all requirements for an event are met. Levels 9 and 10, and NCAA gymnastics all start below a 10.0 and require gymnastics to acquire bonus points through connections and skills to increase their start value to a 10.0. During a routine, deductions will be made by the judges for flaws in the form of the technique of a skill. For example, steps on landings or flexed feet can range from .05–.1 off, depending on the severity of the mistake.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Competitive_events_for_men_in_artistic_gymnastics">Competitive events for men in artistic gymnastics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Competitive events for men in artistic gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Floor_2">Floor</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Floor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Floor_(gymnastics)" title="Floor (gymnastics)">Floor (gymnastics)</a></div> <p>Male gymnasts also perform on a 12meter x 12meter spring floor. A series of tumbling passes are performed to demonstrate flexibility, strength, and balance. Strength skills include circles, scales, and press handstands. Men's floor routines usually have multiple passes that have to total between 60 and 70 seconds and are performed without music, unlike the women's event. Rules require that male gymnasts touch each corner of the floor at least once during their routine. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Cameron,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Christopher_Cameron%2C_2010.jpg/220px-Christopher_Cameron%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Christopher_Cameron%2C_2010.jpg/330px-Christopher_Cameron%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Christopher_Cameron%2C_2010.jpg/440px-Christopher_Cameron%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cameron_(gymnast)" title="Chris Cameron (gymnast)">Chris Cameron</a> on the pommel horse</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pommel_horse">Pommel horse</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pommel horse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></div> <p>A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work, however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise depending on preference) and performs such skills on all parts of the apparatus. To make the exercise more challenging, gymnasts will often include variations on a typical circling skill by turning (moores and spindles) or by straddling their legs (flares). Routines end when the gymnast performs a dismount, either by swinging his body over the horse or landing after a handstand variation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Still_rings">Still rings</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Still rings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rings_(gymnastics)" title="Rings (gymnastics)">Rings (gymnastics)</a></div> <p>The rings are suspended on wire cable from a point 5.75 metres (18.9 ft) from the floor. The gymnasts must perform a routine demonstrating balance, strength, power, and dynamic motion while preventing the rings themselves from swinging. At least one static strength move is required, but some gymnasts may include two or three. A routine ends with a dismount. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Vault_2">Vault</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Vault"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault (gymnastics)</a></div> <p>Gymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a springboard. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while punching (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a standing position. In advanced gymnastics, multiple twists and somersaults may be added before landing. Successful vaults depend on the speed of the run, the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, how well they stuck the landing, and the speed of rotation in the case of more difficult and complex vaults. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Parallel_bars">Parallel bars</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Parallel bars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></div> <p>Men perform on two bars executing a series of swings, balances, and releases that require great strength and coordination. The width between the bars is adjustable depending upon the actual needs of the gymnasts and usually 2 m high. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Horizontal_bar">Horizontal bar</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Horizontal bar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></div> <p>A 2.8  cm thick steel or fiberglass bar raised 2.5 m above the landing area is all the gymnast has to hold onto as he performs giant swings or <i>giants</i> (forward or backward revolutions around the bar in the handstand position), release skills, twists, and changes of direction. By using all of the momentum from giants and then releasing at the proper point, enough height can be achieved for spectacular dismounts, such as a triple-back salto. <a href="/wiki/Grip_(gymnastics)" title="Grip (gymnastics)">Leather grips</a> are usually used to help maintain a grip on the bar, and to prevent rips. While training for this event, straps are often used to ensure that the gymnast does not fall off the bar as they are learning new skills. </p><p>As with women, male gymnasts are also judged on all of their events including their execution, <a href="/wiki/Degree_of_difficulty" title="Degree of difficulty">degree of difficulty</a>, and overall presentation skills. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythmic_gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rhythmic gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96verspagat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C3%96verspagat.jpg/220px-%C3%96verspagat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C3%96verspagat.jpg/330px-%C3%96verspagat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C3%96verspagat.jpg/440px-%C3%96verspagat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>Russian <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">rhythmic gymnast</a> <a href="/wiki/Irina_Tchachina" title="Irina Tchachina">Irina Tchachina</a> stretching in her warm-up before practice</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></div> <p>According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>, gymnastics, <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a>, and apparatus manipulation, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. Gymnasts compete either as individuals or in groups. Individuals perform four separate routines, each using one of the four apparatuses—ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, and formerly, rope—on a floor area. Groups consist of five gymnasts who perform two routines together, one with five of the same apparatus and one with three of one apparatus and two of another; the FIG defines which apparatuses groups use each year. </p><p>Routines are given three sub-scores: difficulty, execution, and artistry. Difficulty is open-ended and based on the value given to the elements performed in the routine, and execution and artistry start at ten points and are lowered for specific mistakes made by the gymnasts. The three sub-scores are added together for the final score for each routine.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>International competitions are split between Juniors, under sixteen by their year of birth, and Seniors, for women sixteen and over. Gymnasts in Russia and Europe typically start training at a very young age and those at their peak are typically in their late teens (15–19) or early twenties. The largest events in the sport are the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Championships" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships">World Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_European_Championships" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships">European Championships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup">World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Grand_Prix" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics Grand Prix">Grand Prix series</a>. The first World Championships were held in 1963, and rhythmic gymnastics made its first appearance at the Olympics in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rhythmic_gymnastics_apparatus">Rhythmic gymnastics apparatus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rhythmic gymnastics apparatus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evgenia_Kanaeva_2012_in_Hard.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Evgenia_Kanaeva_2012_in_Hard.JPG/170px-Evgenia_Kanaeva_2012_in_Hard.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Evgenia_Kanaeva_2012_in_Hard.JPG/255px-Evgenia_Kanaeva_2012_in_Hard.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Evgenia_Kanaeva_2012_in_Hard.JPG/340px-Evgenia_Kanaeva_2012_in_Hard.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Evgenia_Kanaeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Evgenia Kanaeva">Evgenia Kanaeva</a> doing a <a href="/wiki/Split_leap" title="Split leap">split leap</a> in her hoop routine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galima_Shugurova_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Galima_Shugurova_1973.jpg/170px-Galima_Shugurova_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Galima_Shugurova_1973.jpg/255px-Galima_Shugurova_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Galima_Shugurova_1973.jpg/340px-Galima_Shugurova_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>Soviet <a href="/wiki/Galima_Shugurova" title="Galima Shugurova">Galima Shugurova</a> performing an attitude balance in her ball apparatus</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Ball_(rhythmic_gymnastics)" title="Ball (rhythmic gymnastics)">Ball</a></dt> <dd>The ball may be made of rubber or a similar synthetic material, and it can be of any color. It should rest in the gymnast's hand and not be pressed against the wrist or grasped with the fingers, which incurs a penalty. Fundamental elements of a ball routine include bouncing or rolling the ball.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Hoop_(rhythmic_gymnastics)" title="Hoop (rhythmic gymnastics)">Hoop</a></dt> <dd>The hoop comes up to about the gymnast's hip. It may be made of plastic or wood, and it may be covered with adhesive tape either of the same or different color as the hoop, which may be in decorative patterns. Fundamental requirements of a hoop routine include rotation of the hoop around the hand or body, rolling the hoop on the body or floor, and the gymnast passing through the hoop.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_(rhythmic_gymnastics)" title="Ribbon (rhythmic gymnastics)">Ribbon</a></dt> <dd>The ribbon consists of a handle, which may be made of wood, bamboo, or synthetic materials such as fiberglass, and the ribbon itself, which is made of satin. The ribbon is six meters long, and due to its length, it can easily become tangled or knotted; knots must be undone or the gymnast will be penalized. Fundamental elements of a ribbon routine consist of making continuous shapes with the length of the fabric, such as tight circles (spirals) or waves (snakes), and elements called boomerangs, in which the gymnast tosses the handle, then pulls it back by the end of the ribbon and catches it.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Clubs_(rhythmic_gymnastics)" title="Clubs (rhythmic gymnastics)">Clubs</a></dt> <dd>The clubs may be made of wood or synthetic materials, and they are always used in a pair. They may be connected together by inserting the end of one club into the head of the other. The handles and bodies are typically wrapped with decorative tapes. Fundamental elements of a clubs routine including swinging the heads of the clubs in circles, small throws in which the clubs rotate in the air, and asymmetrical movements.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Rope_(rhythmic_gymnastics)" title="Rope (rhythmic gymnastics)">Rope</a></dt> <dd>The rope is made from hemp or a similar synthetic material; it can be knotted and have anti-slip material at the ends, but it does not have handles. The fundamental requirements of a rope routine include leaping and skipping. In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Gymnastics">FIG</a> decided to eliminate the use of rope in senior individual rhythmic gymnastics competitions. It is still sometimes seen in junior group competition.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Men's_rhythmic_gymnastics"><span id="Men.27s_rhythmic_gymnastics"></span>Men's rhythmic gymnastics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Men's rhythmic gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two versions of rhythmic gymnastics for men, neither of which is currently recognized by the FIG. One was developed in Japan in the 1940s and was originally practiced by both boys and girls for fitness, with women still occasionally participating on the club level today. Gymnasts either perform in groups with no apparatus, or individually with apparatus (stick, clubs, rope, or double rings). Unlike women's rhythmic gymnastics, it is performed on a sprung floor, and the gymnasts perform acrobatic moves and flips.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other version was developed in Europe and uses generally the same rules as the women and the same set of apparatus. It is most prominent in Spain, which has held national men's competitions since 2009 and mixed-gender group competitions since 2021, and France.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:21_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trampolining">Trampolining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Trampolining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WAGC_DMT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/WAGC_DMT.jpg/170px-WAGC_DMT.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/WAGC_DMT.jpg/255px-WAGC_DMT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/WAGC_DMT.jpg/340px-WAGC_DMT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption>Double mini-trampoline competitor</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trampolining_2">Trampolining</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Trampolining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trampolining and tumbling consists of four events, individual and synchronized trampoline, double mini trampoline, and tumbling (also known as power tumbling or rod floor). Since 2000, individual trampoline has been included in the Olympic Games. The first World Championships were held in 1964. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Individual_trampoline">Individual trampoline</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Individual trampoline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Synchronized_trampoline">Synchronized trampoline</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Synchronized trampoline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Synchronized trampoline is similar except that both competitors must perform the routine together and marks are awarded for synchronization as well as the form and difficulty of the moves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Double-mini_trampoline">Double-mini trampoline</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Double-mini trampoline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Double_mini_trampoline" title="Double mini trampoline">Double mini trampoline</a></div> <p>Double mini trampoline involves a smaller trampoline with a run-up, two scoring moves are performed per routine. Moves cannot be repeated in the same order on the double-mini during a competition. Skills can be repeated if a skill is competed as a mounter in one routine and a dismount in another. The scores are marked in a similar manner to individual trampoline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tumbling">Tumbling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Tumbling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tumbling_(sport)" title="Tumbling (sport)">Tumbling (sport)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Tumbling_(sport)" title="Tumbling (sport)">tumbling</a>, athletes perform an explosive series of flips and twists down a sprung tumbling track. Scoring is similar to trampolining. Tumbling was originally contested as one of the events in Men's Artistic Gymnastics at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tumbling" title="Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's tumbling">1932 Summer Olympics</a>, and in 1955 and 1959 at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a>. From <a href="/wiki/1974_World_Sports_Acrobatics_Championships" title="1974 World Sports Acrobatics Championships">1974</a> to <a href="/wiki/1998_World_Sports_Acrobatics_Championships" title="1998 World Sports Acrobatics Championships">1998</a> it was included as an event for both genders at the <a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_Gymnastics_World_Championships" title="Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships">Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships</a>. The event has also been contested since <a href="/wiki/1976_Trampoline_World_Championships" title="1976 Trampoline World Championships">1976</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Trampoline_Gymnastics_World_Championships" title="Trampoline Gymnastics World Championships">Trampoline and Tumbling World Championships</a>. </p><p>Tumbling is competed along a 25-metre sprung tack with a 10-metre run up. A tumbling pass or run is a combination of 8 skills, with an entry skill, normally a round-off, to whips and into an end skill. Usually the end skill is the hardest skill of the pass. At the highest level, gymnasts perform transitional skills. These are skills which are not whips, but are double or triple somersaults (usually competed at the end of the run), but now competed in the middle of the run connected before and after by either a whip or a flick. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Common skills in tumbling </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Skill </th> <th scope="col">Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Round-off </th> <td>A common entry skill seen in every type of gymnastics to turn horizontal speed into vertical speed. A round-off will most commonly be connected with a back tumbling skill, such as a backflip / back twist, or back handspring. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dismount </th> <td>The skill competed at the end of a routine, this is either a double/triple somersault, a twisting somersault or a combination somersault. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Back handspring </th> <td>A long somersault where a gymnast moves from feet to hands to feet again in a backwards motion. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Whip </th> <td>A long, low and fast somersault done without the hands. This move is unique to tumbling and the trademark of the discipline. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Double somersault </th> <td>The tumbler launches into the air and rotates twice vertically around before landing on their feet. This skill is done in a tuck, pike or straight position. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Triple Somersault </th> <td>The gymnast launches into the air and rotates three times vertically before landing on their feet. This skill is done in a tuck or pike position and has yet to be competed in the straight position </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Twisting somersault </th> <td>A single somersault in which the tumbler rotates horizontally. This is can be done as a single "full" twist, a double twist or a triple twist. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Combination somersault </th> <td>A somersault that is a combination of double/triple and twisting skills. For example, in a double twisting double straight, the gymnast will rotate twice vertically and twice horizontally before landing. The hardest combination somersaults performed would be either the full in triple pike, in which a gymnasts rotates vertically three times in a pike position with a full twist in the first rotation; or "the miller", in which a gymnast rotates horizontally four times and vertically twice. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Transition skill </th> <td>This is where a gymnast performs either a double somersault or a combination somersault in the middle of their run, as opposed to doing it as an end skill. No triple somersaults or combination somersaults involving a triple vertically rotation has yet to be completed. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Competition is made up of a qualifying round and a finals round. There are two different types of competition in tumbling, individual and team. In the team event three gymnasts out of a team of four compete one run each, if one run fails the final member of the team is allowed to compete with the three highest scores being counted. In the individual event qualification, the competitor will compete two runs, one a straight pass (including double and triple somersaults) and a twisting pass (including full twisting whips and combination skills such as a full twisting double straight ’full in back’). In the final of the individual event, the competitor must compete two different runs which can be either twisting or straight but each run normally uses both types (using transition skills). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acrobatic_gymnastics">Acrobatic gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Acrobatic gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acro-tcd.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Acro-tcd.JPG/170px-Acro-tcd.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Acro-tcd.JPG/255px-Acro-tcd.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Acro-tcd.JPG/340px-Acro-tcd.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Acrobatic women's pair performing a skill</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_gymnastics" title="Acrobatic gymnastics">Acrobatic gymnastics</a></div> <p>Acrobatic gymnastics (formerly sport acrobatics), often referred to as acro, acrobatic sports or simply sports acro, is a group gymnastic discipline for both men and women. Acrobats perform to music in groups of two, three and four. </p><p>There are four international age categories: 11–16, 12–18, 13–19, and Senior (15+), which are used in the <a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_Gymnastics_World_Championships" title="Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships">World Championships</a> and many other events around the world, including the <a href="/wiki/European_Acrobatics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="European Acrobatics Championships">European Championships</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Games" title="World Games">World Games</a>. </p><p>All levels require a balance and dynamic routine; 12–18, 13–19, and Seniors are also required to perform a final (combined) routine. </p><p>Currently, acrobatic gymnastics scores are marked out of 30.00 for juniors, and they can be higher at the Senior FIG level based on difficulty: </p> <ul><li>Difficulty – An open score, which is the sum of the difficulty values of elements (valued from the tables of difficulties) successfully performed in an exercise, divided by 100. This score is unlimited in senior competitions.</li> <li>Execution – Judges give a score out of 10.00 for technical performance (how well the skills are executed), which is then doubled to emphasize its importance.</li> <li>Artistic – Judges give a score out of 10.00 for artistry (the overall performance of the routine, namely choreography).</li></ul> <p>There are five competitive event categories: </p> <ul><li>Women's Pairs</li> <li>Mixed Pairs</li> <li>Men's Pairs</li> <li>Women's Groups (3-woman)</li> <li>Men's Groups (4-man)</li></ul> <p>The World Championships have been held since 1974. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerobic_gymnastics">Aerobic gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Aerobic gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_gymnastics" title="Aerobic gymnastics">Aerobic gymnastics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5._Islamic_Solidarity_Games_2021_Konya_Gymnastics_Aerobic_Mixed_pair_20220814_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/5._Islamic_Solidarity_Games_2021_Konya_Gymnastics_Aerobic_Mixed_pair_20220814_1.jpg/220px-5._Islamic_Solidarity_Games_2021_Konya_Gymnastics_Aerobic_Mixed_pair_20220814_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/5._Islamic_Solidarity_Games_2021_Konya_Gymnastics_Aerobic_Mixed_pair_20220814_1.jpg/330px-5._Islamic_Solidarity_Games_2021_Konya_Gymnastics_Aerobic_Mixed_pair_20220814_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/5._Islamic_Solidarity_Games_2021_Konya_Gymnastics_Aerobic_Mixed_pair_20220814_1.jpg/440px-5._Islamic_Solidarity_Games_2021_Konya_Gymnastics_Aerobic_Mixed_pair_20220814_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2716" /></a><figcaption>A mixed pair performing aerobic gymnastics</figcaption></figure> <p>Aerobic gymnastics (formally sport aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios, groups with 5 people, and aerobic dance and aerobic step (8 people). Strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills are emphasized. Seniors perform routines on a 10 m (33 ft) x 10 m (33 ft) floor, with a smaller 7 m (23 ft) x 7 m (23 ft) floor used for younger participants. Routines last 70–90 seconds depending on the age of the participants and the routine category.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The World Championships have been held since 1995. </p><p>The events consist of: </p> <ul><li>Individual Women</li> <li>Individual Men</li> <li>Mixed Pairs</li> <li>Trios</li> <li>Groups</li> <li>Dance</li> <li>Step</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parkour">Parkour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Parkour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></div> <p>On 28 January 2018, parkour, also known as freerunning, was given the go-ahead to begin development as a FIG sport.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FIG was planning to run World Cup competitions from 2018 onwards.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="And then what happened? (August 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> The first Parkour World Championships were planned for 2020, but were delayed due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and instead took place from 15 to 16 October 2022 in Tokyo, Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The events consist of: </p> <ul><li>Speedrun</li> <li>Freestyle</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Para-gymnastics">Para-gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Para-gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Para-gymnastics" title="Para-gymnastics">Para-gymnastics</a></div> <p>Para-gymnastics, gymnastics for disabled athletes with <a href="/wiki/Para-athletics_classification" title="Para-athletics classification">para-athletics classifications</a>, was recognized as a new FIG discipline in October 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an FIG discipline, it currently only covers artistic gymnastics.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_disciplines">Other disciplines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Other disciplines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following disciplines are not currently recognized by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique">Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aesthetic_group_gymnastics">Aesthetic group gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Aesthetic group gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_group_gymnastics" title="Aesthetic group gymnastics">Aesthetic group gymnastics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_Grand_%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_Grand_%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_Grand_%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_Grand_%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_Grand_%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_Grand_%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_Grand_%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4192" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>An aesthetic group gymnastics team performing a routine</figcaption></figure> <p>Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from rhythmic gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger, and athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions. The sport requires physical qualities such as flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm where movements of the body are emphasized through the flow, expression and aesthetic appeal. A good performance is characterized by uniformity and simultaneity. The competition program consists of versatile and varied body movements, such as body waves, swings, balances, pivots, jumps and leaps, dance steps, and lifts. The International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) was established in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Lajiesittely_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lajiesittely-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Aesthetic Group Gymnastics World Championships was held in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TeamGym">TeamGym</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: TeamGym"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/TeamGym" title="TeamGym">TeamGym</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-EM_Maribor_Oeft_Team_Team_Turnen_Herren_mit_TS_Wolfurt_in_Aktion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/2016-EM_Maribor_Oeft_Team_Team_Turnen_Herren_mit_TS_Wolfurt_in_Aktion.jpg/220px-2016-EM_Maribor_Oeft_Team_Team_Turnen_Herren_mit_TS_Wolfurt_in_Aktion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/2016-EM_Maribor_Oeft_Team_Team_Turnen_Herren_mit_TS_Wolfurt_in_Aktion.jpg/330px-2016-EM_Maribor_Oeft_Team_Team_Turnen_Herren_mit_TS_Wolfurt_in_Aktion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/2016-EM_Maribor_Oeft_Team_Team_Turnen_Herren_mit_TS_Wolfurt_in_Aktion.jpg/440px-2016-EM_Maribor_Oeft_Team_Team_Turnen_Herren_mit_TS_Wolfurt_in_Aktion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption>A TeamGym performance on floor</figcaption></figure> <p>TeamGym is a form of competition created by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union of Gymnastics">European Union of Gymnastics</a>, originally named EuroTeam. The first official competition was held in Finland in 1996. TeamGym events consist of three sections: women, men and mixed teams. Athletes compete in three different disciplines: floor, tumbling and trampette. Teams require effective teamwork and tumbling technique.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no World Championships; however, there has been a European Championships held since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wheel_gymnastics">Wheel gymnastics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Wheel gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wheel_gymnastics" title="Wheel gymnastics">Wheel gymnastics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D.jpg/220px-%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D.jpg/330px-%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D.jpg/440px-%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>A gymnast dismounts the wheel in vault</figcaption></figure> <p>Wheel gymnasts do <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercises</a> in a large wheel known as the Rhönrad, gymnastics wheel, gym wheel, or German wheel. It has also been known as the ayro wheel, aero wheel, and Rhon rod. </p><p>There are four core categories of exercise: straight line, spiral, vault and cyr wheel. The first World Championships was held in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mallakhamba">Mallakhamba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Mallakhamba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mallakhamba" title="Mallakhamba">Mallakhamba</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mallakhamb_gymnast_(13288825264).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mallakhamb_gymnast_%2813288825264%29.jpg/112px-Mallakhamb_gymnast_%2813288825264%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mallakhamb_gymnast_%2813288825264%29.jpg/168px-Mallakhamb_gymnast_%2813288825264%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mallakhamb_gymnast_%2813288825264%29.jpg/224px-Mallakhamb_gymnast_%2813288825264%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Rope mallakhamba</figcaption></figure> <p>Mallakhamba (<a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>: मल्लखम्ब) is a traditional Indian sport in which a <a href="/wiki/Gymnast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnast">gymnast</a> performs feats and poses in concert with a vertical wooden pole or rope. The word also refers to the pole used in the sport. </p><p>Mallakhamba derives from the terms <i>malla</i> which denotes a wrestler and <i>khamba</i> which means a pole. Mallakhamba can therefore be translated to English as "pole gymnastics".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 April 2013, the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> declared mallakhamba as the state sport. In February 2019 the first Mallahkhamb World Championship was held in Mumbai </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-competitive_gymnastics">Non-competitive gymnastics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Non-competitive gymnastics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General gymnastics, also known as "gymnastics for all", enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They can perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial <a href="/wiki/World_Gymnaestrada" title="World Gymnaestrada">World Gymnaestrada</a>, which was first held in 1939. In 1984 gymnastics for all was officially recognized first as a sport program by the FIG (International Gymnastic Federation), and subsequently by national gymnastic federations worldwide with participants that now number 30 million. Non-competitive gymnastics is considered useful for its health benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scoring_(code_of_points)"><span id="Scoring_.28code_of_points.29"></span>Scoring (code of points)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Scoring (code of points)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)">Code of Points</a></div> <p>An artistic gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from the start value of a routine's elements. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus. This score is called the D score.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from a maximum of 10.0. This score is called the E score.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final score is calculated by adding the D and E score.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current method of scoring, by adding D and E score to give the final score has been in place since 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current method is called "open-end" scoring because there is no theoretical cap (although there is practical cap) to the D-score and hence the total possible score for a routine.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 2006, a gymnast's final score is deducted from a possible maximum of 10 for a routine. </p><p>A Code of Points or guidelines of scoring a routine's difficulty and execution is slightly revised for each quadrennium, or period of four years culminating in the Olympics year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_apparatus_and_events">Former apparatus and events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Former apparatus and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rope_climbing">Rope climbing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Rope climbing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rope_climbing" title="Rope climbing">Rope climbing</a></div> <p>Generally, competitors climbed either a 6m (6.1 m = 20  ft in the US) or an 8m (7.6 m = 25  ft in the US), 38  mm diameter (1.5-inch) natural fiber rope for speed, starting from a seated position on the floor and using only the hands and arms. Kicking the legs in a kind of "tride" was normally permitted. Many gymnasts can do this in the straddle or pike position, which eliminates the help generated from the legs though it can be done with legs as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flying_rings">Flying rings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Flying rings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flying_rings" title="Flying rings">Flying rings</a></div> <p>Flying rings was an event similar to <a href="/wiki/Still_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Still rings">still rings</a>, but with the performer executing a series of stunts while swinging. It was a gymnastic event sanctioned by both the <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Athletic_Union" title="Amateur Athletic Union">AAU</a> until the early 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Club_swinging">Club swinging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Club swinging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Club swinging, a.k.a. Indian clubs, was an event in Men's Artistic Gymnastics sometime up until the 1950s. It was similar to the clubs in both Women's and Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics but much simpler with few throws allowed. It was practice. It was included in the 1904 and 1932 Summer Olympic Games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_(men's_artistic)"><span id="Other_.28men.27s_artistic.29"></span>Other (men's artistic)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Other (men's artistic)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Team horizontal bar and parallel bar in the 1896 Summer Olympics</li> <li>Team free and Swedish system in the 1912 and 1920 Summer Olympics</li> <li>Combined and triathlon in the 1904 Summer Olympics</li> <li>Side horse vault in 1924 Summer Olympics</li> <li>Tumbling in the 1932 Summer Olympics</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_(women's_artistic)"><span id="Other_.28women.27s_artistic.29"></span>Other (women's artistic)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Other (women's artistic)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Team exercise at the 1928, 1936, and 1948 Summer Olympics</li> <li>Parallel bars at the 1938 World Championships</li> <li>Team portable apparatus at the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_and_safety">Health and safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Health and safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gymnastics is one of the most dangerous sports, with a very high injury rate seen in girls age 11 to 18.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some gymnastic movements which were allowed in past competitions are now banned for safety reasons; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_salto" title="Thomas salto">Thomas salto</a>, a twisting salto landed with a forward roll on the floor, was banned after several injuries. <a href="/wiki/Elena_Mukhina" title="Elena Mukhina">Elena Mukhina</a>, the 1978 World all-around champion, broke her neck while practicing the skill in an exhausted state and became <a href="/wiki/Tetraplegia" title="Tetraplegia">quadriplegic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vaulting table replaced the old vaulting horse in the early 2000s and an additional mat was added around the springboard for safety reasons after several female gymnasts, such as <a href="/wiki/Julissa_Gomez" title="Julissa Gomez">Julissa Gomez</a>, became paralyzed during vaulting attempts.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landing">Landing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Landing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a tumbling pass, dismount, or vault, landing is the final phase, following take-off and flight<sup id="cite_ref-Marinsek,_M._2010_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marinsek,_M._2010-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during somersaulting increases. These injuries commonly occur at the lower extremities such as cartilage lesions, ligament tears, and bone bruises/fractures.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To avoid such injuries, and to receive a high-performance score, proper technique must be used by the gymnast. "The subsequent ground contact or impact landing phase must be achieved using a safe, aesthetic, and well-executed double foot landing."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A successful landing in gymnastics is classified as soft, meaning the knee and hip joints are at greater than 63 degrees of flexion.<sup id="cite_ref-Marinsek,_M._2010_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marinsek,_M._2010-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) represents an external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and affects the gymnasts' linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is the time the landing takes. Gymnasts can decrease the impact force by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude.<sup id="cite_ref-Marinsek,_M._2010_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marinsek,_M._2010-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podium_training">Podium training</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Podium training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podium training refers to the official practice session before a gymnastics competition begins. The purpose of this is to enable competing gymnasts to get a feel for the competition equipment inside the arena in which they will be competing,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily for reasons of safety. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_injuries">Physical injuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Physical injuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compared to athletes who play other sports, gymnasts are at higher than average risk of <a href="/wiki/Overuse_injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Overuse injuries">overuse injuries</a> and injuries caused by <a href="/wiki/Early_sports_specialization" title="Early sports specialization">early sports specialization</a> among children and young adults.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gymnasts are at particular risk of foot and wrist injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">Strength training</a> can help prevent injuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abuse">Abuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Abuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been recorded cases of <a href="/wiki/Abuse_in_gymnastics" title="Abuse in gymnastics">emotional and sexual abuse in gymnastics</a> in many different countries.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/USA_Gymnastics_sex_abuse_scandal" title="USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal">USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal</a> is considered one of the largest abuse scandals in sports history.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Whyte_Review" title="Whyte Review">Whyte Review</a> was published, criticizing extensive abusive practices by <a href="/wiki/British_Gymnastics" title="British Gymnastics">British Gymnastics</a> that included sexual and emotional abuse and excessive weight management of athletes.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCJun16Abuse_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCJun16Abuse-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Height_concerns">Height concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Height concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gymnasts tend to have <a href="/wiki/Short_stature" title="Short stature">short stature</a>, but it is unlikely that the sport affects their growth. Parents of gymnasts tend also to be shorter than average.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">Acro dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrobatics" title="Acrobatics">Acrobatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheerleading" title="Cheerleading">Cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_gymnastics_terms" title="Glossary of gymnastics terms">Glossary of gymnastics terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">Gymnasium (ancient Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gymnastics_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Gymnastics Hall of Fame">International Gymnastics Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acrobatic_activities" title="List of acrobatic activities">List of acrobatic activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnastics_competitions" title="List of gymnastics competitions">List of gymnastics competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnastics_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of gymnastics terms">List of gymnastics terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts" title="List of gymnasts">List of gymnasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_achievements_in_gymnastics_by_nation" title="Major achievements in gymnastics by nation">Major achievements in gymnastics by nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorettes">Majorettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Gymnastics_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Gymnastics championship">NCAA Men's Gymnastics championship</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Women%27s_Gymnastics_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Women's Gymnastics championship">NCAA Women's Gymnastics championship</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricking_(martial_arts)" title="Tricking (martial arts)">Tricking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turners" title="Turners">Turners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_(gymnastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform (gymnastics)">Uniform (gymnastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Gymnastics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Gymnastics Championships">World Gymnastics Championships</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/gymnastics">"Gymnastics | Events, Equipment, Types, History, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 22 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Gymnastics+%7C+Events%2C+Equipment%2C+Types%2C+History%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2023-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fsports%2Fgymnastics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagazineSolly" class="citation web cs1">Magazine, Smithsonian; Solly, Meilan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/history-gymnastics-ancient-greece-tokyo-2020-180978270/">"A History of Gymnastics, From Ancient Greece to Tokyo 2020"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Gymnastics%2C+From+Ancient+Greece+to+Tokyo+2020&rft.aulast=Magazine&rft.aufirst=Smithsonian&rft.au=Solly%2C+Meilan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-gymnastics-ancient-greece-tokyo-2020-180978270%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fig-gymnastics.com/site/about.php">"About the FIG"</a>. FIG<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+FIG&rft.pub=FIG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fig-gymnastics.com%2Fsite%2Fabout.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dgumna%2Fs">γυμνός</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus project</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dgumna%2Fzw">γυμνάζω</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus project</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2016" class="citation journal cs1">Reid, Heather L. (2016). "Philostratus's "gymnastics": The Ethics of an Athletic Aesthetic". <i>Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome</i>. <b>61</b>: 77–90. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0065-6801">0065-6801</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44988074">44988074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+American+Academy+in+Rome&rft.atitle=Philostratus%27s+%22gymnastics%22%3A+The+Ethics+of+an+Athletic+Aesthetic&rft.volume=61&rft.pages=77-90&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44988074%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0065-6801&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Heather+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/history-gymnastics-ancient-greece-modern-times/">"A History of Gymnastics: From Ancient Greece to Modern Times | Scholastic"</a>. <i>www.scholastic.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scholastic.com&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Gymnastics%3A+From+Ancient+Greece+to+Modern+Times+%7C+Scholastic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scholastic.com%2Fteachers%2Farticles%2Fteaching-content%2Fhistory-gymnastics-ancient-greece-modern-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuddDe_CarloKern1969" class="citation book cs1">Judd, Leslie; De Carlo, Thomas; Kern, René (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exhibitiongymnas0000judd"><i>Exhibition Gymnastics</i></a></span>. New York: Association Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exhibitiongymnas0000judd/page/n20">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809617043" title="Special:BookSources/9780809617043"><bdi>9780809617043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exhibition+Gymnastics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Association+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780809617043&rft.aulast=Judd&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.au=De+Carlo%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Kern%2C+Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexhibitiongymnas0000judd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodbody1982" class="citation book cs1">Goodbody, John (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000good"><i>The Illustrated History of Gymnastics</i></a></span>. London: Stanley Paul & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-143350-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-143350-9"><bdi>0-09-143350-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+History+of+Gymnastics&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Stanley+Paul+%26+Co.&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-09-143350-9&rft.aulast=Goodbody&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillustratedhisto0000good&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1923" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Fred Eugene (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetohistoryof00leon/"><i>A Guide to the History of Physical Education</i></a>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York: Lea & Febiger. pp. 232–233.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+History+of+Physical+Education&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania+and+New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=232-233&rft.pub=Lea+%26+Febiger&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Fred+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetohistoryof00leon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1923" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Fred Eugene (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetohistoryof00leon/"><i>A Guide to the History of Physical Education</i></a>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York: Lea & Febiger. pp. 235–236.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+History+of+Physical+Education&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania+and+New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=235-236&rft.pub=Lea+%26+Febiger&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Fred+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetohistoryof00leon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1923" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Fred Eugene (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetohistoryof00leon/"><i>A Guide to the History of Physical Education</i></a>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York: Lea & Febiger. pp. 227–250.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+History+of+Physical+Education&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania+and+New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=227-250&rft.pub=Lea+%26+Febiger&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Fred+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetohistoryof00leon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1923" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Fred Eugene (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetohistoryof00leon/"><i>A Guide to the History of Physical Education</i></a>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York: Lea & Febiger. pp. 235–250. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/561890463">561890463</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+History+of+Physical+Education&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania+and+New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=235-250&rft.pub=Lea+%26+Febiger&rft.date=1923&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F561890463&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Fred+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetohistoryof00leon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry1979" class="citation news cs1">Barry, William D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Gymnastics+abuse%3A+Whyte+Review+finds+physical+and+emotional+abuse+issues+were+%27systemic%27&rft.date=2022-06-16&rft.au=Katie+Falkingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fgymnastics%2F61796129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/site/rules/rules.php">"Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique"</a>. <i>www.fig-gymnastics.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fig-gymnastics.com&rft.atitle=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+Internationale+de+Gymnastique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fig-gymnastics.com%2Fsite%2Frules%2Frules.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnastics&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gymnastics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikisource has several original texts related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Gymnastics" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gymnastics" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:gymnastics">gymnastics</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gymnastics.sport/">International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG) official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifagg.com/">International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usagym.org">USA Gymnastics</a>, the governing body for gymnastics in the US</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-gymnastics.org">British Gymnastics</a>, the governing body for gymnastics in the UK</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbginastica.com.br">Brazilian Gymnastics</a>, the governing body for gymnastics in the Brazil</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Gymnastics" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gymnastics&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gymnastics_and_Gymnasium" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gymnastics and Gymnasium">Gymnastics and Gymnasium</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gymnastics+and+Gymnasium&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Gymnastics" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gymnastics&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGymnastics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gymnastics" title="Template:Gymnastics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gymnastics" title="Template talk:Gymnastics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gymnastics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gymnastics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gymnastics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrobatics" title="Acrobatics">Acrobatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Points_(gymnastics)" title="Code of Points (gymnastics)">Code of Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_gymnastics_terms" title="Glossary of gymnastics terms">Glossary of terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym" title="Gym">Gym</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Gymnastics_Federation" title="International Gymnastics Federation">FIG</a> disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_gymnastics" title="Acrobatic gymnastics">Acrobatic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerobic_gymnastics" title="Aerobic gymnastics">Aerobic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor exercise">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(gymnastics)" title="Vault (gymnastics)">Vault</a></li> <li>Men's only <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse" title="Pommel horse">Pommel horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_(gymnastics)" title="Rings (gymnastics)">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_bars" title="Parallel bars">Parallel bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_bar" title="Horizontal bar">Horizontal bar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Women's only <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_beam" title="Balance beam">Balance beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneven_bars" title="Uneven bars">Uneven bars</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-gymnastics" title="Para-gymnastics">Para-gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampoline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Synchronized_trampoline" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronized trampoline">synchronized</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Double_mini" class="mw-redirect" title="Double mini">double mini</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Tumbling_(sport)" title="Tumbling (sport)">Tumbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnastics_competitions" title="List of gymnastics competitions">Competitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FIG</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnastics at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_World_Championships" title="Gymnastics World Championships">World Championships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junior_World_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Junior World Gymnastics Championships">Junior Worlds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIG_World_Cup" title="FIG World Cup">World Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Artistic Gymnastics World Cup">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup">Rhythmic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_World_Games" title="Gymnastics at the World Games">World Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="African Artistic Gymnastics Championships">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="African Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships">Rhythmic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Asian Gymnastics Championships">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Gymnastics_Championships" title="European Gymnastics Championships">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Four Continents Gymnastics Championships">Four Continents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Oceania Artistic Gymnastics Championships">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Championships" title="Pacific Rim Championships">Pacific Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Gymnastics_Championships" title="Pan American Gymnastics Championships">Pan American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Gymnastics_Championships" title="South American Gymnastics Championships">South American</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_African_Games" title="Gymnastics at the African Games">African Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Asian Games">Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Central American and Caribbean Games">CAC Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_European_Games" title="Gymnastics at the European Games">European Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Grand_Prix" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics Grand Prix">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Mediterranean_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Mediterranean Games">Mediterranean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_South_American_Games" title="Gymnastics at the South American Games">South American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Summer_Universiade" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnastics at the Summer Universiade">Universiade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gymnasts" title="List of gymnasts">List of gymnasts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_men%27s_artistic_gymnasts" title="List of men's artistic gymnasts">MAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_artistic_gymnasts" title="List of women artistic gymnasts">WAG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longines_Prize_for_Elegance" title="Longines Prize for Elegance">Longines Prize for Elegance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gymnastics_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Gymnastics Hall of Fame">International Gymnastics Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_achievements_in_gymnastics_by_nation" title="Major achievements in gymnastics by nation">Major achievements by nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_changes_in_gymnastics" title="Nationality changes in gymnastics">Nationality changes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">Acro dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_group_gymnastics" title="Aesthetic group gymnastics">Aesthetic group gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Aesthetic_Group_Gymnastics_Championships" title="World Aesthetic Group Gymnastics Championships">World Championships</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_vaulting" title="Equestrian vaulting">Equestrian vaulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeamGym" title="TeamGym">TeamGym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_gymnastics" title="Wheel gymnastics">Wheel gymnastics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Template:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Template talk:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Summer_Olympic_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Summer Olympic sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mandatory sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic sports">Aquatics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_(sport)" title="Diving (sport)">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">Marathon Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">Canoeing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_slalom" title="Canoe slalom">Canoe slalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sprint" title="Canoe sprint">Canoe sprint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_BMX" title="Freestyle BMX">Freestyle BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing" title="Mountain bike racing">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">Skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Sport climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">Freestyle wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discretionary sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_sixes" title="Lacrosse sixes">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_sports" title="Paralympic sports">Paralympic sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympic sports">Winter Olympic sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" title="Template:Sports of the World Games program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" title="Template talk:Sports of the World Games program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sports of the World Games program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sports_of_the_World_Games_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Games_sports" title="World Games sports">Sports of the World Games program</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artistic and dance sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_roller_skating" title="Artistic roller skating">Artistic roller skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancesport" title="Dancesport">Dancesport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_gymnastics" title="Acrobatic gymnastics">Acrobatic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerobic_gymnastics" title="Aerobic gymnastics">Aerobic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbling_(sport)" title="Tumbling (sport)">Tumbling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">Beach handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">Canoe polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">Inline hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">Korfball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> (women)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racquetball" title="Racquetball">Racquetball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Martial arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Ju-jitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">Karate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">Kickboxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muay_Thai" title="Muay Thai">Muaythai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precision sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports">Billiards sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boules" title="Boules">Boules sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">Bowling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strength sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powerlifting" title="Powerlifting">Powerlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">Tug of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trend sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_sports" title="Air sports">Air sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parachuting" title="Parachuting">Parachuting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_marathon" title="Canoe marathon">Canoe marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finswimming" title="Finswimming">Finswimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Flying disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifesaving_(sport)" title="Lifesaving (sport)">Lifesaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orienteering" title="Orienteering">Orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_sports" title="Roller sports">Speed roller skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_skating" title="Road skating">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inline_speed_skating" title="Inline speed skating">Track</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_skiing" title="Water skiing">Water skiing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wakeboarding" title="Wakeboarding">Wakeboarding</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past official sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">Bodybuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_(fishing)" title="Casting (fishing)">Casting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cycling" title="Indoor cycling">Indoor cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">Roller hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_at_the_World_Games" title="Sambo at the World Games">Sambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a> (women)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Invitational sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duathlon" title="Duathlon">Duathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> (men)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_at_the_World_Games" title="Category:Sports at the World Games">Sports at the World Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_World_Games_Association" title="International World Games Association">International World Games Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43450#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43450#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43450#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061266-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gymnastics"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85058059">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13162671n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13162671n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572565">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="gymnastika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120626&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007545703705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10646916">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=30176">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐fb5db9db6‐x4pmk Cached time: 20241126120614 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.433 seconds Real time usage: 1.763 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5757/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 195672/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10496/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 31/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip 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