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(1957–1960)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister_(1957–1960)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later life and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_state_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_state_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Death and state funeral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_state_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Honours and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorific_eponyms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorific_eponyms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Honorific eponyms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorific_eponyms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="والتر ناش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="والتر ناش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Walter Nash" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Walter Nash" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Walter Nash" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Walter Nash" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%94%ED%84%B0_%EB%82%B4%EC%8B%9C" title="월터 내시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="월터 내시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Walter Nash" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A9" title="וולטר נאש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וולטר נאש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Walter Nash" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ウォルター・ナッシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウォルター・ナッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walter Nash" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D1%88,_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Нэш, Уолтер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нэш, Уолтер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Walter Nash" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Волтер Неш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волтер Неш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E4%BB%80" title="沃尔特·纳什 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沃尔特·纳什" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q721770#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1957 to 1960</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir Walter Nash</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Most_Distinguished_Order_of_Saint_Michael_and_Saint_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George">GCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">CH</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_(ca_1940s).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg/220px-Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg/330px-Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg/440px-Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="3409" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1940s</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">27th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 December 1957 – 12 December 1960</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor‑General</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyttelton,_10th_Viscount_Cobham" title="Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham">Charles Lyttelton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Skinner" title="Jerry Skinner">Jerry Skinner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Keith Holyoake</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">14th <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 December 1957 – 12 December 1960</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Macdonald_(politician)" title="Tom Macdonald (politician)">Tom Macdonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Keith Holyoake</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Leader of the Labour Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 January 1951 – 31 March 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Jerry Skinner</li><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hackett" title="Fred Hackett">Fred Hackett</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">27th <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Finance (New Zealand)">Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 December 1935 – 13 December 1949</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a></li><li>Peter Fraser</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Gordon Coates</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sidney Holland</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">35th <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Customs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Customs (New Zealand)">Minister of Customs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 December 1935 – 13 December 1949</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Michael Joseph Savage</li><li>Peter Fraser</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Gordon Coates</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bowden" title="Charles Bowden">Charles Bowden</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">14th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="President of the New Zealand Labour Party">President of the Labour Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 April 1935 – 14 April 1936</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Roberts_(trade_unionist)" title="James Roberts (trade unionist)">James Roberts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Armstrong_(politician)" title="Tim Armstrong (politician)">Tim Armstrong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Carr" title="Clyde Carr">Clyde Carr</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Hutt</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 December 1929 – 4 June 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilford" title="Thomas Wilford">Thomas Wilford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Young" title="Trevor Young">Trevor Young</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1882-02-12</span>)</span>12 February 1882<br /><a href="/wiki/Kidderminster" title="Kidderminster">Kidderminster</a>, Worcestershire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 June 1968<span style="display:none">(1968-06-04)</span> (aged 86)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a>, New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">New Zealand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Lotty May Eaton</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="16 June 1906">1906</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="December 12, 1961">1961</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Nash" title="Stuart Nash">Stuart Nash</a> (great-grandson)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Walter Nash's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Walter_Nash_signature.jpg/128px-Walter_Nash_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Walter_Nash_signature.jpg/192px-Walter_Nash_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Walter_Nash_signature.jpg/256px-Walter_Nash_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Walter Nash</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Most_Distinguished_Order_of_Saint_Michael_and_Saint_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George">GCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">CH</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (12 February 1882 – 4 June 1968) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 27th <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of New Zealand">prime minister of New Zealand</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">Second Labour Government</a> from 1957 to 1960. He is noted for his long period of political service, having been associated with the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a> since its creation. </p><p>Nash was born in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a>, England, and is the most recent New Zealand prime minister to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_by_place_of_birth" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand by place of birth">born outside the country</a>. He arrived in New Zealand in 1909, soon joined the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party_(1910)" title="New Zealand Labour Party (1910)">original Labour Party</a>, and became a member of the party's executive in 1919. Guided to politics by his beliefs in <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> and pacifism, he gained a reputation for brilliant ability as an organiser and administrator which compensated for a lack of charisma and bouts of indecisiveness. </p><p>Nash was elected to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1929_Hutt_by-election" title="1929 Hutt by-election">Hutt by-election</a> of 1929. He served as the member of Parliament (MP) for the <a href="/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Hutt</a> electorate for 13 consecutive terms, over a period of 38 years and 168 days. As of 2023, he is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-serving_members_of_the_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="List of longest-serving members of the New Zealand Parliament">fourth-longest serving</a> MP.<sup id="cite_ref-Longest_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longest-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appointed as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Finance (New Zealand)">minister of finance</a> in 1935, Nash guided the <a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">First Labour Government</a>'s economic recovery programme during the Great Depression and then directed the government's wartime controls. At 14 years he has the longest period of continuous service of any New Zealand minister of finance, and this service included the entire period of World War II. He succeeded <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">leader of the Labour Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">leader of the Opposition</a> in 1951. He was from the moderate wing of the Labour Party and was criticised by the left wing of the party for failing to support the strikers during the <a href="/wiki/1951_Waterfront_Dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="1951 Waterfront Dispute">1951 Waterfront Dispute</a>, and for not taking stronger action over the controversial exclusion of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> players from the <a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_Australia_and_South_Africa" title="1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia and South Africa">1960 rugby tour of South Africa</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957 election</a>, the Labour Party won a narrow victory and Nash became prime minister. The Second Labour Government's "<a href="/wiki/Black_Budget_(New_Zealand)" title="Black Budget (New Zealand)">Black Budget</a>" of 1958, in response to a <a href="/wiki/Currency_crisis" title="Currency crisis">balance of payments crisis</a>, increased taxes on luxuries such as beer and tobacco. Public hostility toward the budget contributed to Labour's heavy defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1960 New Zealand general election">1960 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash was active in international affairs and travelled extensively during his premiership, revising trade terms and supporting aid and development in other nations. Leaving office at 78 years of age, Nash is to date New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_by_age" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand by age">oldest prime minister</a>. He died on 4 June 1968 at the age of 86 while still a serving MP, apparently the oldest person to be a serving MP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreer2004152_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreer2004152-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was accorded a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a>, the first in New Zealand for 18 years. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nash was born on 12 February 1882 in <a href="/wiki/Kidderminster" title="Kidderminster">Kidderminster</a>, a town in the English county of <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a>. He was born into a poor family and his father was an alcoholic. Nash performed well at school and won a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_I_School" title="King Charles I School">King Charles I Grammar School</a> but additional costs associated with attending prevented him from accepting. Nash began employment as a clerk, initially with a lawyer in Kidderminster and then at a factory near <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 June 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash married Lottie May Eaton and established a shop. He became highly active in his community, participating in a large number of societies and clubs. He also attended night school to further his education. However, by 1908 problems began to arise. His wife and son were both ill and a daughter died at birth. In addition an <a href="/wiki/Economic_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic recession">economic recession</a> in the following year seriously harmed his business. The family decided to leave England, settling on New Zealand as a destination.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After arriving in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, in May 1909 Nash became secretary to a local tailor. His wife had two more sons. Nash's religious and political beliefs also began to solidify at this point, with the strong Christian faith he received from his mother being merged with a growing belief in socialism. Nash would remain a <a href="/wiki/Christian_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian socialist">Christian socialist</a> for the rest of his life, believing that the two components were inseparable. His political opinions were influenced by his friendship with prominent New Zealand socialists such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Semple" title="Bob Semple">Bob Semple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a>. Nash also became a committed <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> he made many speeches at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_Men%27s_Society" title="Church of England Men's Society">Church of England Men's Society</a> stating his reasons for pacifism were faith based and called for understanding with German and Austrian Christians. Despite anti-German sentiment in New Zealand during the war, Nash allowed a German to stay at his home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197640_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197640-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to his open pacifism and friendship with other anti-war activists such as Holland his mail was scrutinised by police looking for evidence on himself and colleagues for sedition or treason.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197648_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197648-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nash's financial situation deteriorated when the tailor's firm that he worked for (and was a shareholder of) declined. Nash and his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a> where he became a salesman for a wool and cloth merchant. Later he established a tailoring company in <a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a> along with Bill Besley, a tailor from <a href="/wiki/Stratford,_New_Zealand" title="Stratford, New Zealand">Stratford</a>, although the business performed poorly.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_(young_adult).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Walter_Nash_%28young_adult%29.jpg/170px-Walter_Nash_%28young_adult%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Walter_Nash_%28young_adult%29.jpg/255px-Walter_Nash_%28young_adult%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Walter_Nash_%28young_adult%29.jpg/340px-Walter_Nash_%28young_adult%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="3164" /></a><figcaption>Nash, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920s</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Nash had briefly been involved with the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party_(1910)" title="New Zealand Labour Party (1910)">first Labour Party</a>, established in 1910, but this association had been interrupted by his financial difficulties. In 1918 however, he helped to establish the <a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a> branch of the modern Labour Party and he became highly active as secretary of the branch and main organiser for the Labour Party ticket at the 1919 local-body elections. Labour campaigned on borrowing £30,000 to finance council housing which the occupiers were to have a right to purchase, with the rest funded by profits made by the local electric light department. Another pledge was to establish a municipal milk supply. Twenty-six thousand leaflets were printed and distributed by the branch. Nash was a candidate for the borough council himself, but was unsuccessful though did poll the highest of the Labour candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197649_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197649-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year Nash was elected to the party's national executive.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920 Nash and his wife travelled to Europe, attending various socialist conferences. When they returned to New Zealand in January 1921, Nash was fined for importing "<a href="/wiki/Seditious" class="mw-redirect" title="Seditious">seditious</a> literature". Despite the reputation that this fine gave him among his fellow socialists, Nash was one of the more moderate members of the Labour Party.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, a year after he had returned to Wellington, Nash was elected national secretary of the Labour Party.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After winning the national secretary position he withdrew as Labour's candidate for the <a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate)">New Plymouth</a> seat at the upcoming <a href="/wiki/1922_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1922 New Zealand general election">1922 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197664_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197664-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he took up the national secretary role he found the party had a total debt of £220. The debt was settled when together with Nash's own loan, <a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Glover (New Zealand politician)">John Glover</a> (manager of the <i><a href="/wiki/Maoriland_Worker" title="Maoriland Worker">Maoriland Worker</a></i>) lent some £100 interest free.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197664_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197664-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nash is often credited with turning the Labour Party into a fully functioning entity by establishing an efficient organisational structure and paying off the party's debts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197664_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197664-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his announcement of "<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">fifty thousand shillings and fifty thousand members in three months</span>" in the <i>Maoriland Worker</i> he worked hard to increase the party's membership which grew from 21,000 in 1919 to 45,000 in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197666–7_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197666–7-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegates at Labour's 1922 annual conference voted to establish a permanent national office which Nash was given the responsibility of doing. Having now set up a centralised location to coordinate party activities and election campaigns was a vital step up to Labour becoming a major political party in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As he had been in New Plymouth, Nash became involved in local politics in Wellington. At the <a href="/wiki/1927_Wellington_City_mayoral_election" title="1927 Wellington City mayoral election">1927 local elections</a> he stood as a Labour candidate for a seat on the <a href="/wiki/Wellington_City_Council" title="Wellington City Council">Wellington City Council</a>. He polled well but was not successful.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later he contested the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Wellington" title="Mayor of Wellington">Wellington mayoralty</a> for Labour at the <a href="/wiki/1929_Wellington_City_mayoral_election" title="1929 Wellington City mayoral election">1929 election</a>, but was defeated by the incumbent mayor <a href="/wiki/George_Troup_(architect)" title="George Troup (architect)">George Troup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_for_Hutt">Member for Hutt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Member for Hutt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 440px; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: 4; cellpadding: 2; cellspacing: 0;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000044-QINU`"'</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">New Zealand Parliament</span></a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 95px;">Years </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 35px;">Term </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 160px;">Electorate </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 150px;">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1929_Hutt_by-election" title="1929 Hutt by-election">1929</a>–1931 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="23rd New Zealand Parliament">23rd</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Hutt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1931_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1931 New Zealand general election">1931</a>–1935 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/24th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="24th New Zealand Parliament">24th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935</a>–1938 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="25th New Zealand Parliament">25th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938</a>–1943 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/26th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="26th New Zealand Parliament">26th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1943_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1943 New Zealand general election">1943</a>–1946 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="27th New Zealand Parliament">27th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1946_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1946 New Zealand general election">1946</a>–1949 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/28th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="28th New Zealand Parliament">28th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949</a>–1951 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/29th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="29th New Zealand Parliament">29th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">1951</a>–1954 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="30th New Zealand Parliament">30th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1954 New Zealand general election">1954</a>–1957 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/31st_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="31st New Zealand Parliament">31st</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957</a>–1960 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/32nd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="32nd New Zealand Parliament">32nd</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1960 New Zealand general election">1960</a>–1963 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/33rd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="33rd New Zealand Parliament">33rd</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1963_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1963 New Zealand general election">1963</a>–1966 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/34th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="34th New Zealand Parliament">34th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1966_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1966 New Zealand general election">1966</a>–1968 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/35th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="35th New Zealand Parliament">35th</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Hutt </td> <td style="background-color:#D82A20; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nash stood for election in the <a href="/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Hutt</a> electorate in the <a href="/wiki/1925_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1925 New Zealand general election">1925</a> and <a href="/wiki/1928_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1928 New Zealand general election">1928 elections</a>, but was not successful until the <a href="/wiki/1929_Hutt_by-election" title="1929 Hutt by-election">1929 by-election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985223_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985223-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served the electorate for 13 consecutive terms over a period of 38 years and 168 days which, as of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, makes him New Zealand's fourth-longest serving MP.<sup id="cite_ref-Longest_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longest-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immediately upon entering <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> Nash became one of Labour's main finance spokesmen. By 1932 he had moved up to the front bench and had become the senior finance spokesman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197699_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197699-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After entering Parliament, Nash built a house in the electorate he represented. The house, a modest bungalow in St Albans Grove, was completed in 1930 and he lived in the house the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197686_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197686-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Finance">Minister of Finance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minister of Finance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Walter_Nash_1942.jpg/220px-Walter_Nash_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Walter_Nash_1942.jpg/330px-Walter_Nash_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Walter_Nash_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Nash speaking in New York City in September 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>When Labour, led by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a>, won the <a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935 election</a> Nash was appointed to <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> as minister of finance, although he also held a number of more minor positions. His other portfolios were <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Customs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Customs (New Zealand)">customs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Statistics_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Statistics (New Zealand)">statistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Marketing_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Marketing (New Zealand)">marketing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue_Department_(New_Zealand)#List_of_Ministers" title="Inland Revenue Department (New Zealand)">revenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Social_Development_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister for Social Development (New Zealand)">social security</a>. He was ranked third in the <a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">First Labour Government</a>, with only Savage and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> above him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson198582,_130–2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson198582,_130–2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash remained as minister of finance, responsible for the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Treasury" title="New Zealand Treasury">New Zealand Treasury</a> for the next 14 years. As of 2023, he has the longest period of continuous service in that role. Soon after its election the government gave a "Christmas bonus" of £270,000 to the unemployed and needy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976121–2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976121–2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">New Zealand's economy</a> was in poor shape at the time of Nash's appointment as finance minister and he was very busy for the early part of his ministerial career.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash introduced a number of substantial changes, in an attempt to improve the situation. He reintroduced a graduated land tax at high rates.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The land tax (which had been rescinded in October 1931) netted an extra £8 million to fund government spending.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976131_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976131-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also supervised the <a href="/wiki/Nationalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank of New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although some unemployment persisted, rising export prices helped the government to implement its election policies. The changes in economic policy included restoring wage cuts, expanding pensions, guaranteeing farmers' prices and revaluation of the currency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976123_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976123-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936 Nash departed for England to conduct trade negotiations. The negotiations were only partially successful, with an agreement reached over New Zealand's meat prices for beef and lamb exports.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976143_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976143-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also visited other European capitals, particularly <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and Moscow, to determine whether there was scope for trade agreements there. He reached a bilateral trade deal with Germany to export butter there. He also went to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> to study the Danish system of exchange controls, and had further fruitless trade talks in both Paris and <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976144_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976144-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After returning to New Zealand he became involved in disputes within the Labour Party about economic policy. In particular he was heavily criticised by supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Credit">Social Credit</a> movement who wanted their views adopted as Labour Party policy. Nash was also attacked by the more radical <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialists</a> in the party who saw Nash's pragmatic economic policies as too moderate. However, Nash was supported by both Savage and Fraser and emerged relatively unscathed. He gained the additional responsibility of implementing Labour's <a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">social security</a> plan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976160_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976160-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash himself had limited involvement in the formulation of Labour's economic reform policies, however he was largely responsible for putting them into effect, with other ministers relying on him for his attention to detail.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately following Labour's re-election at the <a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938 general election</a> New Zealand experienced an <a href="/wiki/Currency_crisis" title="Currency crisis">exchange crisis</a> with its reserves of sterling funds falling. The orthodox economic response given to the government to call up overdrafts and cut spending to reduce demand and increase unemployment was rejected by the government. Nash instead stated the government would react by introducing exchange controls and import selection which he said in January 1939 would allow the country to maintain its living standards while ensuring the country could live within its income. He was already well familiar with exchange controls systems, having studied the Danish system while in Europe in 1937 and had wished to implement them in New Zealand earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976171_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976171-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other colleagues (such as <a href="/wiki/John_A._Lee" title="John A. Lee">John A. Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Woolf_Silverstone" title="Mark Woolf Silverstone">Mark Woolf Silverstone</a>) felt the main reason this decision had been delayed was to not frighten voters too soon ahead of the election with radical economic repositioning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976171–2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976171–2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister Savage informed the public that exchange controls were introduced to 'insulate' the country from unfair overseas competition and to encourage industrial development locally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976172_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976172-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nash's proposals to control primary produce marketing and restrict imports were strongly criticised abroad. They conflicted with agreements at 1932's <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Economic_Conference" title="British Empire Economic Conference">British Empire Economic Conference</a> and were labelled as 'economic totalitarianism' by a British <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Overseas_Trade_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department of Overseas Trade (United Kingdom)">Department of Overseas Trade</a> memorandum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976176_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976176-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the immediate period before the exchange controls system could be established, borrowing was necessary. Nash returned to Britain in April 1939 to seek loans and to reassure the British government (in vain) that existing British exports would not be harmed. He spent over two months in negotiations with hostile officials who were fearful of losing New Zealand as an export market. Nash attempted to compromise suggesting that British manufacturers could take advantage of import regulations by establishing branch factories in New Zealand. This proposal, that British manufacturers should export themselves rather than their products, was rejected. It was a method by which Nash thought New Zealand could industrialise with minimal need for borrowing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976180_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976180-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash eventually secured a loan of £16 million, but it was subject to very harsh terms, requiring repayment in five annual instalments. Many British newspapers wrote that the terms were "impossibly onerous; indeed blackmailing."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976186_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976186-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With loans secured Nash sailed home, stopping in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <i>en route</i> and met with President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> to discuss defence arrangements in the event of a war. Several days later war was declared between Britain (and New Zealand) against Germany. The British government cabled that it wished to purchase New Zealand's entire exportable surplus of meat. The following day they likewise requested to buy New Zealand's entire exports of dairy produce. Nash took some quiet ironical satisfaction that the government that had been so hostile to his policies and negotiated so unfairly was now so desperate for the bulk sales it had earlier denied. Over the next few months, New Zealand's sterling reserves built up quickly and economic stability was restored. The country was then able to repay the loan from Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976189_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976189-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_War_Council.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pacific_War_Council.jpg/250px-Pacific_War_Council.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pacific_War_Council.jpg/375px-Pacific_War_Council.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Pacific_War_Council.jpg/500px-Pacific_War_Council.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Nash at the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War_Council" title="Pacific War Council">Pacific War Council</a>, 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>The first years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> were difficult for the Labour Party, because Savage was seriously ill. Further problems were caused by <a href="/wiki/John_A._Lee" title="John A. Lee">John A. Lee</a>, a Labour Party member who launched strong attacks on its economic policy. Lee was particularly vicious towards Savage and Nash. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> became prime minister after Savage's death and Lee was expelled. Nash reluctantly set aside his earlier pacifist beliefs during World War II. Unlike World War I, he deemed this war necessary and inevitable in any case because of the overtly aggressive actions by Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976199_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976199-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other pacifists were critical of Nash for his change in stance labelling him a hypocrite. Nash retorted that other attempts at peace had been tried and failed, and defeating Germany and its allies by force was the only option left.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976205_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976205-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taxes were raised considerably to pay for the war. Income tax in particular was targeted rising from £4.5 million in 1935–36 to £16.5 million in 1941–42.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976210_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expenditure for social security was extended by Nash for the poor to offset the cost of the extra wartime taxes. Pension payments were raised in 1941 and the government began to subsidise the prices of basic goods such as bread, sugar and coal. The family benefit was extended to second children in 1940 and to all in 1941 for all families earning less than £5 per week.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976210_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From May to September 1941 Nash was <a href="/wiki/Acting_prime_minister" title="Acting prime minister">acting prime minister</a> when Fraser visited New Zealand troops in North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976203_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976203-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1941 the government's internal debt rose by £11.8 million to £26 million but while Fraser was abroad he negotiated so that the British government would pay the costs of New Zealand troops serving overseas leading to New Zealand's overseas debt reducing. This compensated for the rise in internal debt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976210_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nash was appointed <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_New_Zealand_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of New Zealand to the United States">minister from New Zealand in the United States</a> as New Zealand's diplomatic representative in the United States in 1942, but he frequently returned to Wellington to fulfil his role as finance minister. As a result of Nash's frequent absences, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Cox_(journalist)" title="Geoffrey Cox (journalist)">Geoffrey Cox</a>, the first secretary at the New Zealand Embassy, was <i><a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a></i> for 11 out of the 21 months that he was posted to Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox1999278_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox1999278-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash was difficult to work for; he was unable to delegate, accumulated files before making a decision, and was inconsiderate of staff.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHensley2009192,_193_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHensley2009192,_193-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the war Nash attended the conferences to create the United Nations and also recommended that New Zealand join the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. He also travelled as New Zealand's representative to several major post-war international conferences concerned with reconstruction, (such as the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> and the initial 1948 <a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976257_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976257-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of the <a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949 election</a>, the Labour government had become increasingly unpopular, partly as a result of industrial strife and inflation. The election was won by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sidney Holland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976278_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976278-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_the_Opposition">Leader of the Opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Leader of the Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_(1951).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Walter_Nash_%281951%29.jpg/220px-Walter_Nash_%281951%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Walter_Nash_%281951%29.jpg/330px-Walter_Nash_%281951%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Walter_Nash_%281951%29.jpg/440px-Walter_Nash_%281951%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3283" data-file-height="3417" /></a><figcaption>Nash in 1951</figcaption></figure> <p>Fraser died shortly after the 1949 election and Nash was <a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">elected leader</a> of the Labour Party unopposed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976281_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976281-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash was seen as the likely replacement for Fraser, but his succession was not assured. As acting leader he deliberately brought the leadership election to before the imminent by-election for Fraser's seat of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Brooklyn (New Zealand electorate)">Brooklyn</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1951_Brooklyn_by-election" title="1951 Brooklyn by-election">Brooklyn by-election</a> was to be contested by former cabinet minister and party president <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a> (who had lost his seat in the 1949 election) and thus Nordmeyer was unable to contest the leadership, as only elected members of the caucus were eligible to stand.<sup id="cite_ref-Choice_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choice-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash's decision on the leadership election date caused an argument in caucus, being seen by some as self-motivated, although eventually MPs voted to proceed with the early vote by a majority of two.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreer200449–50_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreer200449–50-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first major test of Nash's leadership came with the <a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_waterfront_dispute" title="1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute">1951 waterfront dispute</a>, where major strikes were damaging the economy. Labour's position on the matter was seen as indecisive—the party was condemned by many workers for giving them insufficient support but at the same time was condemned by the business community for being "soft" on the communist-influenced unions. Infamously he said "We are not for the waterside workers, and we are not against them" when addressing a large rally in Auckland on 13 May 1951. He was ridiculed for this stance for many years from National, unions and media.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labour suffered badly in the snap <a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">election</a> that Holland called in 1951 to reaffirm his mandate. The scale of Labour's election loss soon put Nash's leadership under pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976287–8_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976287–8-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a> Nash is not generally regarded as having been a success.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His primary talent appeared to have been in organisation and finance, and not in the inspirational leadership that Savage and Fraser had provided. He was also seen as too slow in coming to decisions. In 1954 several MPs attempted an <a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">abortive coup</a> to remove the 71-year-old Nash as leader. They included <a href="/wiki/Rex_Mason" title="Rex Mason">Rex Mason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Anderton" title="Bill Anderton">Bill Anderton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a>. Nash was told by Mason that a number of members had complained about the leadership of the party to him and that Mason thought that the majority wanted a new leader. In 1954 a majority of the caucus was in favour of a new leader but pressure from the unions and continued support from Party branches allowed Nash to survive the subsequent vote.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The negative press from the leadership challenge was unhelpful to Labour's position, but Nash rebounded well heading into the <a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1954 New Zealand general election">1954 election</a>. He fought a strong campaign that led to a gain of five seats and virtually levelled the popular vote with National, with a margin of only 0.2% behind. The advent of the new <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)">Social Credit Party</a> (which won 11.2% of the vote, but no seats) was seen as a <a href="/wiki/Vote_splitting#Spoiler_effect_and_center-squeeze_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote splitting">spoiler</a> and it was claimed by Nash that Social Credit denied Labour victory by diminishing the two-party swing.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gains made in the election were seen as sufficient to justify Nash retaining the leadership, despite some murmurs of a surprise challenge to him by either his deputy <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Skinner" title="Jerry Skinner">Jerry Skinner</a> or Nordmeyer. Nash's leadership was also bolstered by the talent and energy of new Labour MPs who joined the caucus after the election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreer200460_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreer200460-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the National government began to grow more unpopular, Labour regained some of its earlier dynamism. In the <a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957 election</a> the party won a narrow victory—41 seats to 39<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>— assisted by its promises of tax rebates and the abolition of compulsory military training. At the age of 75, Nash became prime minister, heading the <a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">Second Labour Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976304_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976304-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_minister_(1957–1960)"><span id="Prime_minister_.281957.E2.80.931960.29"></span>Prime minister (1957–1960)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Prime minister (1957–1960)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="padding-bottom:1px; padding-top:2px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:0; padding-bottom:1px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash"><img alt="Walter Nash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Walter_Nash_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Walter_Nash_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Walter_Nash_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Walter_Nash_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Walter_Nash_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Walter_Nash_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4061" data-file-height="5416" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:2px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><span style="font-size:120%">Premiership of Walter Nash</span></b></span><br />12 December 1957 – 12 December 1960</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">Second Labour Government of New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Election</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyttelton,_10th_Viscount_Cobham" title="Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham">Charles Lyttelton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:1px;"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake#First_period_as_prime_minister" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake#Second_period_as_prime_minister" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a> →</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <hr class="nomobile" style="background:#eee; height:5px; clear:both; margin:0 0 6px;" /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_and_Arnold_Henry_Nordmeyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walter_Nash_and_Arnold_Henry_Nordmeyer.jpg/220px-Walter_Nash_and_Arnold_Henry_Nordmeyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walter_Nash_and_Arnold_Henry_Nordmeyer.jpg/330px-Walter_Nash_and_Arnold_Henry_Nordmeyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walter_Nash_and_Arnold_Henry_Nordmeyer.jpg/440px-Walter_Nash_and_Arnold_Henry_Nordmeyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="4399" /></a><figcaption>Nash and his Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nash appointed himself as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">minister of foreign affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_M%C4%81ori_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Māori Development">minister of Maori affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Statistics_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Statistics (New Zealand)">minister of statistics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson198588_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson198588-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immediately upon taking office the <a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">Second Labour Government</a> found the country's financial situation was much worse than the previous government had admitted. The <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">balance of payments</a> was a serious concern.<sup id="cite_ref-Sethi-McDermott_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sethi-McDermott-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash decided that drastic measures would be necessary to bring the situation back under control. These measures resulted in the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Black_Budget_(New_Zealand)" title="Black Budget (New Zealand)">Black Budget</a>", presented by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a> the new minister of finance. The budget included significant tax increases and generated widespread public anger. This was fuelled by the National Party claiming that Nash and Nordmeyer were exaggerating the extent of the problem. The fact that the extra taxes were largely on petrol, cigarettes and beer contributed to the image of Nash's government as miserly.<sup id="cite_ref-Sethi-McDermott_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sethi-McDermott-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the public and the opposition were scolding of the budget decisions, it was praised by economists for financial discipline and its effectiveness in directly addressing the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-PMs_rated_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMs_rated-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation was exacerbated by Nash's frequent absences from the country, leaving Nordmeyer and other Labour ministers to defend the government's policies by themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976327_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976327-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash's habit for accumulating paperwork had not abated and the tables in his office were said to "groan" under the weight of files that had been left awaiting a decision to be made. During his overseas trips, public servants would eagerly go through his office and dig through the "cemetery" of unattended piles of paperwork, retrieving them to pass them on the appropriate ministers for actions to take place.<sup id="cite_ref-PMs_rated_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMs_rated-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nash's focus shifted from his previous interests of finance and social welfare to external affairs. His biographer <a href="/wiki/Keith_Sinclair" title="Keith Sinclair">Keith Sinclair</a> explained that "for Nash, by 1958, the great moral issues were not poverty and social security at home but world affairs, peace and war. He meant to make whatever contribution he could to guiding the world to wiser and more moral courses."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976321_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976321-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also well regarded by his peers for his knowledge on geopolitical matters. Australian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Richard_Casey,_Baron_Casey" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey">Richard Casey</a> acknowledged Nash as one of the few world leaders who had any broad and balanced grasp of world affairs: "Mr. Nash spoke with authority and other world statesmen were ready to listen; his views were well informed and liberal and, although occasionally he seemed to be lost in visionary speculations, he arrived in the end at a practical, hard-headed and courageous attitude. Nearly all New Zealanders, whatever their party, were proud to have Mr. Nash representing them overseas."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976321_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976321-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nash's main effort in foreign affairs was to revise the trade and tariff terms of the 1932 <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa agreement">Ottawa agreement</a>, in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976321_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976321-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a strong supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Plan" title="Colombo Plan">Colombo Plan</a> and visited many of the New Zealand-funded Colombo Plan projects in Asia and attended the Colombo Plan conference at <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, Indonesia. The plan was one of his main interests in foreign policy, with aid and economic development for impoverished peoples appealing to his principles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976322,_326_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976322,_326-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nash government also made progress towards the independence of <a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa">Western Samoa</a>. Nash had previously shown interest in Samoa during the <a href="/wiki/Mau_movement#Black_Saturday,_29_December_1929" title="Mau movement">1929 uprising</a> when he collected statistics to evidence Labour's criticism of the <a href="/wiki/United_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="United Government of New Zealand">New Zealand government</a>'s administration of Samoa. Following the work by the Nash government, Samoa gained its independence in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197681,_325_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197681,_325-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_1960_(13746655413).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Walter_Nash_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_1960_%2813746655413%29.jpg/220px-Walter_Nash_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_1960_%2813746655413%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Walter_Nash_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_1960_%2813746655413%29.jpg/330px-Walter_Nash_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_1960_%2813746655413%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Walter_Nash_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_1960_%2813746655413%29.jpg/440px-Walter_Nash_and_Nikita_Khrushchev_1960_%2813746655413%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Nash meets Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gagra" title="Gagra">Gagra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian SSR">Georgia</a>, 20 April 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 1960, Nash and his secretary of foreign affairs, <a href="/wiki/Alister_McIntosh" title="Alister McIntosh">Alister McIntosh</a>, visited the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> where they met Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> and Soviet Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a>. Nash proposed that the <a href="/wiki/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty#Khrushchev_and_a_moratorium:_1958–1961" title="Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty">1958 moratorium on nuclear testing</a>—observed by the Soviet Union, the US and the UK—be formalised into a permanent ban. However, the Soviet Union resumed tests in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (A <a href="/wiki/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty">partial ban was achieved in 1963</a>.) </p><p>In 1960, Nash was criticised for failing to act in the controversy over the <a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_rugby_union_tour_of_Australia_and_South_Africa" title="1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia and South Africa">rugby tour of South Africa</a>. At the time, South Africa had an <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> government. On the insistence of the South Africans the New Zealand team included no <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> players, prompting a petition against the tour supported by almost 10% of New Zealanders.<sup id="cite_ref-NoMaoriNoTour_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NoMaoriNoTour-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition to the tour was led by the Citizens All Black Tour Association (CABTA) in whose view the exclusion of Māori from a national team was a gross act of racial discrimination. Nash had long been an outspoken critic of apartheid and in 1958, after he became prime minister, New Zealand voted against apartheid for the first time at the United Nations. As Nash had personally denounced racism for most of his life it was expected that he would side with the protesters, but he did not. He refused to step in, saying that the matter was for the rugby authorities to decide. In an April 1960 speech Nash defended the decision of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Rugby Union">New Zealand Rugby Union</a> stating that it would be unfair to expect Māori to visit South Africa as they would be sure to experience racial discrimination there and also argued that ostracising apartheid would merely accentuate bitterness in South Africa. The decision to exclude Māori from the team to tour South Africa was widely reported and condemned in other countries, having an adverse effect on New Zealand's international standing. The domestic political effect was more benign because the opposition National Party was also reluctant to see government interference in the tour. After the tour had ended Nash told the Rugby Union that in future tours it would be desirable for South Africa to accept Māori to avoid a repetition of the controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976334–6_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976334–6-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand did not tour South Africa again until 1970 when Māori players were included.<sup id="cite_ref-NoMaoriNoTour_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NoMaoriNoTour-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Against expectations Nash did not appoint a Māori as minister of Māori affairs. Instead, he appointed himself, along with an associate minister <a href="/wiki/Eruera_Tirikatene" title="Eruera Tirikatene">Eruera Tirikatene</a>, who had been spokesperson in the portfolio when in opposition. Historian <a href="/wiki/Keith_Sinclair" title="Keith Sinclair">Keith Sinclair</a> wrote that Nash either had reservations about Tirikatene's ability or was nervous that a Māori appointed as minister of Māori affairs might favour his own <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a>. A previous minister <a href="/wiki/%C4%80pirana_Ngata" title="Āpirana Ngata">Āpirana Ngata</a> had been accused of this, in a well-remembered scandal. In any case, following Fraser's example, Nash believed that the best way to show government commitment to Māori was to lend the <i><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Oceanian_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mana (Oceanian mythology)">mana</a></i> of the office of prime minister to the portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976348_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976348-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash often spoke on <a href="/wiki/Marae" title="Marae">marae</a>, frequently repeating his belief that "there were no inferior or superior races".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976349_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976349-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash was concerned at the fragmentation of Māori land interests and appointed a Public Service Commissioner, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Hunn" title="Jack Hunn">Jack Hunn</a>, to act as Secretary for Māori Affairs and "get an accounting of Maori assets and see what we can do with them". This resulted in the famous and contentious 'Hunn report' on the problems and future of Māori which was completed in August 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash was preoccupied with winning the coming election, and told Hunn that he would not have time to study it until after the election. The report was left unread and was not implemented until early 1961, when it was published by his successor as Minister of Māori affairs, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hanan" title="Ralph Hanan">Ralph Hanan</a>. The Hunn report became the basis of National's policy, to the frustration of Nash.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976348_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976348-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1960 New Zealand general election">1960 election</a>, Labour was defeated by the National Party and Nash became leader of the Opposition once again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976350_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976350-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash is the only Labour leader who has served as leader of the Opposition both before and after his tenure as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_career">Later life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By late 1960, Nash was nearly eighty years old. Privately he admitted to confidantes that he had noticed his hearing and memory had deteriorated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976355_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976355-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The death of his wife in 1961 also took its toll. Gradually, calls for him to retire grew more frequent. Nash, however, refused to step down, partly because of a desire to continue his work, and partly due to a reluctance to see Arnold Nordmeyer succeed him. Initially Nash was planning to announce his retirement as leader at Labour's 1962 party conference to clear the way for his deputy <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Skinner" title="Jerry Skinner">Jerry Skinner</a>. By this time the media and public were widely anticipating Skinner to lead Labour at the <a href="/wiki/1963_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1963 New Zealand general election">1963 election</a>. After Skinner's sudden death (only a week before the 1962 conference) Nash had been forced to change his plans. The media speculated that Skinner had died with the knowledge that the party leadership would soon be his and that the caucus had already approved of his succession, however Nash strongly denied the suggestion.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skinner was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hackett" title="Fred Hackett">Fred Hackett</a>, but Hackett also died before Nash's retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976355_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976355-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By June 1962 Nash told the caucus that he would resign at the end of the year unless caucus requested otherwise. At the beginning of the final caucus meeting of the year Nash told caucus that he would resign at a caucus meeting in February and he would not be a candidate for re-election. In February 1963 Nash finally retired as leader of the Labour Party and Nordmeyer was chosen to replace him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976357_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976357-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash was the first Labour leader who did not die in office.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nash was one of the few New Zealand prime ministers who remained in Parliament a long time after losing power. He became the elder statesman of the house, and was frequently referred to in the press as the "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grand_old_man" class="extiw" title="wikt:grand old man">grand old man</a>" of New Zealand politics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976357_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976357-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued to speak frequently on foreign affairs and still travelled abroad regularly. In 1963 he went to a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference">Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. In January 1964 at the age of 81 (to widespread astonishment) he travelled to <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, flying to <a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Sound" title="McMurdo Sound">McMurdo Sound</a> in an American research plane. It was widely reported in newspapers, claiming that he was the oldest man to have reached the South Pole. In 1966 he sailed to England for a three-month holiday with his sister Emily, his first non-parliamentary visit since 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976363_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976363-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite supporting the government decision in 1963 to send a small non-combatant advisory force to <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>, Nash opposed any military involvement in Vietnam. He became active in the protest movement against the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, and denounced the bombing of <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> by the United States. He spoke at many <a href="/wiki/Teach-in" title="Teach-in">teach-ins</a> on the subject around New Zealand's university campuses where he was well received.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976353,_364–5_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976353,_364–5-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An old colleague, <a href="/wiki/Ormond_Wilson" title="Ormond Wilson">Ormond Wilson</a>, said that he "had never heard Walter so clear about an issue". Nash had become unpopular with the left wing because of his responses to the 1951 waterfront dispute and the 1960 rugby tour to South Africa, but his outspokenness in opposition to the war did a great deal to restore his reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976365_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976365-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash believed that Labour's failure to win the <a href="/wiki/1966_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1966 New Zealand general election">1966 general election</a> was because of its principled anti-Vietnam war policy, despite voters preferring Labour's economic policy to National's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976364_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976364-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_state_funeral">Death and state funeral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and state funeral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Funeral_for_Walter_Nash_(8953119602).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/State_Funeral_for_Walter_Nash_%288953119602%29.jpg/260px-State_Funeral_for_Walter_Nash_%288953119602%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/State_Funeral_for_Walter_Nash_%288953119602%29.jpg/390px-State_Funeral_for_Walter_Nash_%288953119602%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/State_Funeral_for_Walter_Nash_%288953119602%29.jpg/520px-State_Funeral_for_Walter_Nash_%288953119602%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="2558" /></a><figcaption>Nash's state funeral</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_Grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Walter_Nash_Grave.jpg/220px-Walter_Nash_Grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Walter_Nash_Grave.jpg/330px-Walter_Nash_Grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Walter_Nash_Grave.jpg/440px-Walter_Nash_Grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Gravestone in Karori Cemetery, Wellington</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 1966 he spent three weeks in hospital for treatment on his veins following a demanding travel schedule in <a href="/wiki/1966_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1966 New Zealand general election">that year's election</a> campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976364_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976364-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-May 1968 he was taken to <a href="/wiki/Hutt_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutt Hospital">Hutt Hospital</a> for "observation and rest" and a few days later he had a heart attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976367_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976367-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 4 June 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At his death he was eulogised positively for his career contributions, particularly in his time as finance minister.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His body <a href="/wiki/Lay_in_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay in state">lay in state</a> at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Wellington" title="Parliament House, Wellington">Parliament House, Wellington</a>, and he was awarded a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a>, the first since Fraser's in 1950. The funeral was held at St James' Church of England, Lower Hutt.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was broadcast on television, the first funeral in New Zealand to be televised.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Karori_Cemetery" title="Karori Cemetery">Karori Cemetery</a> alongside his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funds for a children's ward at a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Quy_Nhon" title="Quy Nhon">Quy Nhon</a>, Vietnam, were raised to serve as a memorial to him. It fitted with a suggestion of his years earlier that New Zealand's contribution to the Vietnam War should be providing "hospitals rather than artillery".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976367_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976367-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of his death Nash was still a serving MP, though he had already indicated that he intended to retire at the <a href="/wiki/1969_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1969 New Zealand general election">1969 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 86 years old he is apparently the oldest ever person to be a serving New Zealand MP.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreer2004152_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreer2004152-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His death triggered <a href="/wiki/1968_Hutt_by-election" title="1968 Hutt by-election">a by-election</a> which was won by <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Young" title="Trevor Young">Trevor Young</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honours and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Walter_Nash_Portrait.jpg/220px-Walter_Nash_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Walter_Nash_Portrait.jpg/330px-Walter_Nash_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Walter_Nash_Portrait.jpg/440px-Walter_Nash_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6494" data-file-height="7983" /></a><figcaption>Official portrait of Nash, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1950s</span>, at <a href="/wiki/Te_Papa" title="Te Papa">Te Papa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1935 Nash was awarded the <a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal" title="King George V Silver Jubilee Medal">King George V Silver Jubilee Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946 he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1959_Birthday_Honours_(New_Zealand)" title="1959 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)">1959 Queen's Birthday Honours</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/1965_Birthday_Honours_(New_Zealand)" title="1965 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)">1965 Queen's Birthday Honours</a> he was made a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took him two years to decide whether he would accept a knighthood in conformity with the principles of the Labour Party. After discussing it first with Nordmeyer and then the party executive he accepted, though he twice declined a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peerage</a> and seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976357_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976357-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957 he also received the highest distinction of the <a href="/wiki/Scout_Association_of_Japan" title="Scout Association of Japan">Scout Association of Japan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Pheasant_Award" title="Golden Pheasant Award">Golden Pheasant Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reinanzaka_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reinanzaka-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963 he was awarded an <a href="/wiki/List_of_honorary_doctors_of_Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="List of honorary doctors of Victoria University of Wellington">honorary Doctorate of Laws by Victoria University of Wellington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976357_66-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976357-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honorific_eponyms">Honorific eponyms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Honorific eponyms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of streets and public facilities have been named in honour of Nash, in various towns in New Zealand as well as his birthplace of Kidderminster in England. These include: </p> <ul><li>Nash Road, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Roskill" title="Mount Roskill">Mount Roskill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Roskill_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roskill-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Tait%C4%81,_New_Zealand" title="Taitā, New Zealand">Taitā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a> <ul><li>Nash Street<sup id="cite_ref-WNC_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WNC-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Walter Nash Centre<sup id="cite_ref-WNC_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WNC-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Walter Nash Park<sup id="cite_ref-WNC_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WNC-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Walter Nash Stadium<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Walter Nash Avenue, <a href="/wiki/Kawerau" title="Kawerau">Kawerau</a></li> <li>Nash Street, <a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Walter Nash Place, <a href="/wiki/Whanganui" title="Whanganui">Whanganui</a></li> <li>Walter Nash Road East, Kidderminster</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_house_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Walter_Nash_house_11.JPG/220px-Walter_Nash_house_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Walter_Nash_house_11.JPG/330px-Walter_Nash_house_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Walter_Nash_house_11.JPG/440px-Walter_Nash_house_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Nash's house of 38 years at 14 St Albans Grove, <a href="/wiki/Woburn,_New_Zealand" title="Woburn, New Zealand">Woburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Hutt" title="Lower Hutt">Lower Hutt</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nash was a cricket enthusiast and played village cricket for the Selly Oak Cricket Club, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>. His interest extended to statistics and he could recite the average scores of many famous cricketers of the day by memory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair19763,_8_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair19763,_8-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his youth Nash was interested in <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a>. He was an assiduous <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church in New Zealand">Anglican</a> church service attendee all his life, but overall held very basic views of Christianity. Likewise he did not believe that Christianity was the only true religion or path and believed in religious tolerance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197618_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197618-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 1930s he was a patron and/or president of sixty-six clubs and societies. They included tennis, boating, cricket, cycling, boxing and basketball clubs as well as amateur actors, Boy Scouts, Red Cross and the Anglican Boys' Home Society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197689_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197689-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He met his wife, Lotty May Eaton, through a mutual friend in the Selly Oak Post Office where she was the head assistant. Lotty was less serious-minded than her husband, and had a natural exuberance which made her good company and an entertaining hostess.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair19768–9_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair19768–9-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first child was a son, followed by a daughter who died shortly after birth. After moving to New Zealand two more sons were born.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash was also a voracious reader and was rarely seen during his leisure time without a book in hand. He disliked swimming, unlike his wife, and he would read whenever he accompanied her while she was swimming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197646_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197646-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nash did not smoke and consumed alcohol in moderation. There are several anecdotes about Nash getting orange juice laced with gin at receptions. When Nordmeyer and Nash were given glasses of orange juice, the <a href="/wiki/Teetotal" class="mw-redirect" title="Teetotal">teetotal</a> Nordmeyer sipped his and said quietly "I seem to have Mr Nash's". On another social occasion future Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a> went to take a glass of orange juice, only to be told by the waitress "Oh no, Mr Muldoon, that's for Mr Nash. That's the one with gin in it."<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Sinclair" title="Keith Sinclair">Keith Sinclair</a> comments that while minister in Washington for 14 months:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976221_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976221-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>[Nash] purchased an excellent cellar from a wealthy man. His cook, Margaret Moore, introduced him to '<a href="/wiki/Old_fashioned_(cocktail)" title="Old fashioned (cocktail)">old fashioneds</a>' which, so he pretended, consisted of fruit juice. His taste for good food and drink expanded with opportunity – not that this had been lacking, for instance on his missions in the nineteen-thirties. It was generally supposed in New Zealand that Nash was a '<a href="/wiki/Wowser" title="Wowser">wowser</a>', opposed to such human pleasures. This was so of Fraser, but quite untrue of Nash. He loved his food, and enjoyed good wine and liquor in moderation.</p></blockquote> <p>A grandson, J. R. Nash, was elected a member of the Taupo Borough Council in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash's great-grandson, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Nash" title="Stuart Nash">Stuart Nash</a>, was also a MP from 2008 to 2011 and again from 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Trevett-Davison_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trevett-Davison-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DNZB_Nash-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB_Nash_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGustafson" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4n2">"Nash, Walter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.atitle=Nash%2C+Walter&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F4n2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Longest-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Longest_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Longest_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/mps-and-parliaments-1854-onwards/longest-serving-members-of-parliament/">"Longest serving members of Parliament"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Election+Notices&rft.volume=CXIII&rft.issue=103&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1927-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FEP19270504.2.11.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/DOM19290510.2.5.3">"Election Notices"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dominion_(Wellington)" title="The Dominion (Wellington)">The Dominion</a></i>. 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976171–2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976171–2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, pp. 171–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976172-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976172_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976176-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976176_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976180-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976180_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li 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Auckland: <a href="/wiki/Puket%C4%81papa_Local_Board" title="Puketāpapa Local Board">Puketāpapa Local Board</a>. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-927216-97-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-927216-97-2"><bdi>978-1-927216-97-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/889931177">889931177</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116775081" class="extiw" title="d:Q116775081">Q116775081</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+Just+Passing+Through%3A+the+Making+of+Mt+Roskill&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pages=157&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Puket%C4%81papa+Local+Board&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F889931177&rft.isbn=978-1-927216-97-2&rft.au=Reidy%2C+Jade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WNC-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WNC_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WNC_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WNC_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://walternashcentre.co.nz/about/">"About the centre"</a>. <i>Walter Nash Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Walter+Nash+Centre&rft.atitle=About+the+centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwalternashcentre.co.nz%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Hutt stadium can handle anything". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dominion_Post_(Wellington)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dominion Post (Wellington)">The Dominion Post</a></i>. 30 March 2016. p. A8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1776430413">1776430413</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dominion+Post&rft.atitle=Hutt+stadium+can+handle+anything&rft.pages=A8&rft.date=2016-03-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGooch2012" class="citation web cs1">Gooch, Mike (10 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terangiaoaonunui.pukeariki.com/story-collections/word-on-the-street/nash-street/">"Nash Street"</a>. <i>Puke Ariki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puke+Ariki&rft.atitle=Nash+Street&rft.date=2012-11-10&rft.aulast=Gooch&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterangiaoaonunui.pukeariki.com%2Fstory-collections%2Fword-on-the-street%2Fnash-street%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair19763,_8-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair19763,_8_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, pp. 3, 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197618-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197618_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197689-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197689_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair19768–9-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair19768–9_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair197646-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair197646_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurley2000" class="citation book cs1">Hurley, Desmond (2000). <i>A Dictionary of New Zealand Political Quotations</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-558-4287" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-558-4287"><bdi>0-19-558-4287</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Political+Quotations&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-558-4287&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinclair1976221-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinclair1976221_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSinclair1976">Sinclair 1976</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Labour Wins Big Share In Polls". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dominion_(Wellington)" title="The Dominion (Wellington)">The Dominion</a></i>. 11 October 1971. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dominion&rft.atitle=Labour+Wins+Big+Share+In+Polls&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1971-10-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trevett-Davison-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trevett-Davison_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevettDavison2014" class="citation news cs1">Trevett, Claire; Davison, Isaac (3 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404025857/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11336723">"Nash eyes standing for leadership"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11336723">the original</a> on 4 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Nash+eyes+standing+for+leadership&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft.aulast=Trevett&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.au=Davison%2C+Isaac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D11336723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Sinclair" title="Keith Sinclair">Sinclair, Keith</a> (1976). <i>Walter Nash</i>. Auckland: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-647949-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-647949-5"><bdi>0-19-647949-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Nash&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-19-647949-5&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackenzie1975" class="citation book cs1">Mackenzie, Craig (1975). <i>Walter Nash, Pioneer and Prophet</i>. Dunmore Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Nash%2C+Pioneer+and+Prophet&rft.pub=Dunmore+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Cox_(journalist)" title="Geoffrey Cox (journalist)">Cox, Geoffrey</a> (1999). <i>Eyewitness: A memoir of Europe in the 1930s</i>. Dunedin: University of Otago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-877133-70-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-877133-70-1"><bdi>1-877133-70-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eyewitness%3A+A+memoir+of+Europe+in+the+1930s&rft.place=Dunedin&rft.pub=University+of+Otago+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-877133-70-1&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreer2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Freer" title="Warren Freer">Freer, Warren</a> (2004). <i>A Lifetime in Politics: the memoirs of Warren Freer</i>. Wellington: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria University Press">Victoria University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86473-478-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-86473-478-6"><bdi>0-86473-478-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Lifetime+in+Politics%3A+the+memoirs+of+Warren+Freer&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Victoria+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-86473-478-6&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHensley2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Hensley" title="Gerald Hensley">Hensley</a>, Gerald (2009). <i>Beyond the Battlefield: New Zealand and its Allies 1939-45</i>. Auckland: Penguin/Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670074044" title="Special:BookSources/9780670074044"><bdi>9780670074044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Battlefield%3A+New+Zealand+and+its+Allies+1939-45&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Penguin%2FViking&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780670074044&rft.aulast=Hensley&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1985" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. <i>New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984</i> (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154283103">154283103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Record%2C+1840%E2%80%931984&rft.place=Wellington&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=V.R.+Ward%2C+Govt.+Printer&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154283103&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=James+Oakley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Nash" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Nash&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Walter_Nash" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Walter Nash">Walter Nash</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1957nash.html">Prime Minister's Office biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014145207/http://www.primeminister.govt.nz/oldpms/1957nash.html">Archived</a> 14 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.govt.nz/gallery/v/Walter+Nash+Exhibition/"><i>Walter's World</i> online exhibition from Archives New Zealand</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/012808">Newspaper clippings about Walter Nash</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilford" title="Thomas Wilford">Thomas Wilford</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Member of Parliament for Hutt</a> </b><br />1929–1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Young" title="Trevor Young">Trevor Young</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Gordon Coates</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Finance (New Zealand)">Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />1935–1949 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sidney Holland</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Customs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Customs (New Zealand)">Minister of Customs</a> </b><br />1935–1949 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bowden_(politician)" title="Charles Bowden (politician)">Charles Bowden</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />1951–1957 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Macdonald_(politician)" title="Tom Macdonald (politician)">Tom Macdonald</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1957–1960 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> </b><br />1957–1960 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />1960–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rex_Mason" title="Rex Mason">Rex Mason</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_House_(New_Zealand)" title="Father of the House (New Zealand)">Father of the House</a> </b><br />1966–1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Moses_Ayrton" title="Moses Ayrton">Moses Ayrton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Secretary of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1922–1932 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorn" title="Jim Thorn">Jim Thorn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Armstrong_(politician)" title="Tim Armstrong (politician)">Tim Armstrong</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="President of the New Zealand Labour Party">President of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1935–1936 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Carr" title="Clyde Carr">Clyde Carr</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Deputy Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Deputy Leader of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1940–1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Skinner" title="Jerry Skinner">Jerry Skinner</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Leader of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1951–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_New_Zealand_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of New Zealand to the United States">Minister from New Zealand in the United States</a> </b><br />1941–1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Berendsen" title="Carl Berendsen">Carl Berendsen</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Walter_Nash" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Walter_Nash" title="Template:Walter Nash"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Walter_Nash" title="Template talk:Walter Nash"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Walter_Nash" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Walter Nash"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Walter_Nash" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Nash</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> (1957–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party">Leader of the Labour Party</a> (1951–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of New Zealand">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Hutt</a> (1929–68)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premiership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">1957–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Walter_Nash" title="List of international prime ministerial trips made by Walter Nash">International trips</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walter_Nash_(ca_1940s).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg/80px-Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg/120px-Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg/160px-Walter_Nash_%28ca_1940s%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="3409" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1954 New Zealand general election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1960 New Zealand general election">1960</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1954</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Walter_Nash" title="Electoral history of Walter Nash">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Hutt_by-election" title="1929 Hutt by-election">1929 Hutt by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Budget_(New_Zealand)" title="Black Budget (New Zealand)">Black Budget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premiers_and_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Template:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Template talk:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premiers_and_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premiers and prime ministers of New Zealand</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sewell" title="Henry Sewell">Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)" title="William Fox (politician)">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stafford_(politician)" title="Edward Stafford (politician)">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Domett" title="Alfred Domett">Domett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Weld" title="Frederick Weld">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Waterhouse_(politician)" title="George Waterhouse (politician)">Waterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pollen" title="Daniel Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Hall (New Zealand politician)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stout" title="Robert Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ballance" title="John Ballance">Ballance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Seddon" title="Richard Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hall-Jones" title="William Hall-Jones">Hall-Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ward" title="Joseph Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mackenzie" title="Thomas Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Holyoake</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watt" title="Hugh Watt">Watt</a> (acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Muldoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Hipkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Prime_Ministers_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Prime Ministers of New Zealand (page does not exist)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_Labour_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Template:New Zealand Labour Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Template talk:New Zealand Labour Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand Labour Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Zealand_Labour_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">New Zealand Labour Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Leaders</span></a><br /><small>Names in bold served <br />as prime minister</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hindmarsh" title="Alfred Hindmarsh">Alfred Hindmarsh</a> (1916–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Holland" title="Harry Holland">Harry Holland</a> (1919–33)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a></b> (1933–40)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a></b> (1940–50)</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Nash</a></b> (1950–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a> (1963–65)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a></b> (1965–74)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a></b> (1974–83)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a></b> (1983–89)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a></b> (1989–90)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Mike Moore</a></b> (1990–93)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a></b> (1993–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Goff" title="Phil Goff">Phil Goff</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Shearer" title="David Shearer">David Shearer</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cunliffe" title="David Cunliffe">David Cunliffe</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Little_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)">Andrew Little</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a></b> (2017–23)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a></b> (2023–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="Deputy Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Deputy leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_McCombs" title="James McCombs">James McCombs</a> (1919–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a> (1923–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> (1933–40)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Nash</a> (1940–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Skinner" title="Jerry Skinner">Jerry Skinner</a> (1951–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hackett" title="Fred Hackett">Fred Hackett</a> (1962–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watt" title="Hugh Watt">Hugh Watt</a> (1963–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Tizard" title="Bob Tizard">Bob Tizard</a> (1974–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a> (1979–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a> (1983–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a> (1989–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Caygill" title="David Caygill">David Caygill</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a> (1996–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_King" title="Annette King">Annette King</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Robertson" title="Grant Robertson">Grant Robertson</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Parker (New Zealand politician)">David Parker</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_King" title="Annette King">Annette King</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Davis_(politician)" title="Kelvin Davis (politician)">Kelvin Davis</a> (2017–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Sepuloni" title="Carmel Sepuloni">Carmel Sepuloni</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1919 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1920 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1921 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1923 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1933 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1940 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1951 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1954 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1963 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1965 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1974 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1980 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1983 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1988 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1989 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1993 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1996 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2008 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2011 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2013 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2014 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="2023 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="Internal_offices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal offices</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="President of the New Zealand Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Party presidents</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_McCombs" title="James McCombs">James McCombs</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a> (1917–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paul_(politician)" title="Tom Paul (politician)">Tom Paul</a> (1918–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a> (1920–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cooke_(socialist)" title="Frederick Cooke (socialist)">Frederick Cooke</a> (1921–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Brindle_(politician)" title="Tom Brindle (politician)">Tom Brindle</a> (1922–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Semple" title="Bob Semple">Bob Semple</a> (1926–28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archer_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Archer (New Zealand politician)">John Archer</a> (1928–29)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorn" title="Jim Thorn">Jim Thorn</a> (1929–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Mason" title="Rex Mason">Rex Mason</a> (1931–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jordan_(politician)" title="Bill Jordan (politician)">Bill Jordan</a> (1932–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Langstone" title="Frank Langstone">Frank Langstone</a> (1933–34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Armstrong_(politician)" title="Tim Armstrong (politician)">Tim Armstrong</a> (1934–35)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Nash</a> (1935–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Carr" title="Clyde Carr">Clyde Carr</a> (1936–37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roberts_(trade_unionist)" title="James Roberts (trade unionist)">James Roberts</a> (1937–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Nordmeyer" title="Arnold Nordmeyer">Arnold Nordmeyer</a> (1950–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Moohan" title="Mick Moohan">Mick Moohan</a> (1955–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Finlay" title="Martyn Finlay">Martyn Finlay</a> (1960–64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a> (1964–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Douglas_(politician)" title="Norman Douglas (politician)">Norman Douglas</a> (1966–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a> (1970–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bennett_(high_commissioner)" title="Charles Bennett (high commissioner)">Charles Bennett</a> (1973–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Faulkner" title="Arthur Faulkner">Arthur Faulkner</a> (1976–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Anderton" title="Jim Anderton">Jim Anderton</a> (1979–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wilson" title="Margaret Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Jones" title="Rex Jones">Rex Jones</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dyson" title="Ruth Dyson">Ruth Dyson</a> (1988–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryan_Street" title="Maryan Street">Maryan Street</a> (1993–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hirschfeld" title="Michael Hirschfeld">Michael Hirschfeld</a> (1995–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Harvey_(mayor)" title="Bob Harvey (mayor)">Bob Harvey</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Williams_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Williams (New Zealand politician)">Mike Williams</a> (2000–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Little_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Andrew Little (New Zealand politician)">Andrew Little</a> (2009–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moira_Coatsworth" title="Moira Coatsworth">Moira Coatsworth</a> (2011–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Haworth" title="Nigel Haworth">Nigel Haworth</a> (2015–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Szab%C3%B3" title="Claire Szabó">Claire Szabó</a> (2019–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Day_(politician)" title="Jill Day (politician)">Jill Day</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">General secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Glover (New Zealand politician)">John Glover</a> (1916–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a> (1919–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Ayrton" title="Moses Ayrton">Moses Ayrton</a> (1920–22)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Nash</a> (1922–32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thorn" title="Jim Thorn">Jim Thorn</a> (1932–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilson_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Wilson (New Zealand politician)">David Wilson</a> (1936–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Moohan" title="Mick Moohan">Mick Moohan</a> (1940–48)</li> <li>Allan McDonald (1948–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wybrow" title="John Wybrow">John Wybrow</a> (1971–85)</li> <li>Tony Timms (1985–95)</li> <li>Rob Allen (1995–2000)</li> <li>Mike Smith (2001–08)</li> <li>Chris Flatt (2008–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Barnett_(politician)" title="Tim Barnett (politician)">Tim Barnett</a> (2012–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kirton" title="Andrew Kirton">Andrew Kirton</a> (2016–18)</li> <li>Andre Anderson (2018–20)</li> <li>Rob Salmond (2020–present)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Senior Whip of the Labour Party"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Senior Whips</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Walker_(politician)" title="Andrew Walker (politician)">Andrew Walker</a> (1916–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McCombs" title="James McCombs">James McCombs</a> (1919–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Dan Sullivan (New Zealand politician)">Dan Sullivan</a> (1922–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jordan_(politician)" title="Bill Jordan (politician)">Bill Jordan</a> (1935–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McKeen" title="Robert McKeen">Robert McKeen</a> (1937–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Brien_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="James O'Brien (New Zealand politician)">James O'Brien</a> (1939–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Shapton_Richards" title="Arthur Shapton Richards">Arthur Shapton Richards</a> (1942–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Macfarlane_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Robert Macfarlane (New Zealand politician)">Robert Macfarlane</a> (1947–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Connolly" title="Phil Connolly">Phil Connolly</a> (1951–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cotterill" title="Joe Cotterill">Joe Cotterill</a> (1952–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_May_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Henry May (New Zealand politician)">Henry May</a> (1958–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Barclay" title="Ron Barclay">Ron Barclay</a> (1972–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Drayton" title="Roger Drayton">Roger Drayton</a> (1976–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Marshall" title="Russell Marshall">Russell Marshall</a> (1978–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand politician)">Jonathan Hunt</a> (1980–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Austin" title="Margaret Austin">Margaret Austin</a> (1987–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Mallard" title="Trevor Mallard">Trevor Mallard</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand politician)">Jonathan Hunt</a> (1990–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Burton_(politician)" title="Mark Burton (politician)">Mark Burton</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Barker" title="Rick Barker">Rick Barker</a> (1999–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benson-Pope" title="David Benson-Pope">David Benson-Pope</a> (2002–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Pettis" title="Jill Pettis">Jill Pettis</a> (2004–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Barnett_(politician)" title="Tim Barnett (politician)">Tim Barnett</a> (2005–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Hughes" title="Darren Hughes">Darren Hughes</a> (2008–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Barker" title="Rick Barker">Rick Barker</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Moroney" title="Sue Moroney">Sue Moroney</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> (2014–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Faafoi" title="Kris Faafoi">Kris Faafoi</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dyson" title="Ruth Dyson">Ruth Dyson</a> (2017–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wood_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Michael Wood (New Zealand politician)">Michael Wood</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_McAnulty" title="Kieran McAnulty">Kieran McAnulty</a> (2020–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Webb" title="Duncan Webb">Duncan Webb</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi_Utikere" title="Tangi Utikere">Tangi Utikere</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="Organisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organisation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Current members <br />of parliament<small><br />Names without <br />electorates are <a href="/wiki/List_MP" title="List MP"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">list MPs</span></a></small><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_MPs" title="List of New Zealand Labour Party MPs"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of former MPs</span></a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Leader:</b> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Remutaka_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Remutaka (New Zealand electorate)">Remutaka</a>)</span></li> <li><b>Deputy Leader:</b> <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Sepuloni" title="Carmel Sepuloni">Carmel Sepuloni</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kelston_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kelston (New Zealand electorate)">Kelston</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginny_Andersen" title="Ginny Andersen">Ginny Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Belich" title="Camilla Belich">Camilla Belich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Bennett" title="Glen Bennett">Glen Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Boyack" title="Rachel Boyack">Rachel Boyack</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Nelson_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Nelson (New Zealand electorate)">Nelson</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brooking" title="Rachel Brooking">Rachel Brooking</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Davidson" title="Reuben Davidson">Reuben Davidson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Christchurch_East" title="Christchurch East">Christchurch East</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Edmonds" title="Barbara Edmonds">Barbara Edmonds</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mana_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mana (New Zealand electorate)">Mana</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanan_Halbert" title="Shanan Halbert">Shanan Halbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peeni_Henare" title="Peeni Henare">Peeni Henare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Jackson_(politician)" title="Willie Jackson (politician)">Willie Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Leary" title="Ingrid Leary">Ingrid Leary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Taieri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taieri (New Zealand electorate)">Taieri</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Luxton" title="Jo Luxton">Jo Luxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_McAnulty" title="Kieran McAnulty">Kieran McAnulty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracey_McLellan" title="Tracey McLellan">Tracey McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_O%27Connor" title="Damien O'Connor">Damien O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_O%27Connor_(politician)" title="Greg O'Connor (politician)">Greg O'Connor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ch%C4%81riu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ōhāriu (New Zealand electorate)">Ōhāriu</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Parker (New Zealand politician)">David Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow-Jean_Prime" title="Willow-Jean Prime">Willow-Jean Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyanca_Radhakrishnan" title="Priyanca Radhakrishnan">Priyanca Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Rurawhe" title="Adrian Rurawhe">Adrian Rurawhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Russell" title="Deborah Russell">Deborah Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Salesa" title="Jenny Salesa">Jenny Salesa</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Panmure-%C5%8Ct%C4%81huhu" title="Panmure-Ōtāhuhu">Panmure-Ōtāhuhu</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemauga_Lydia_Sosene" title="Lemauga Lydia Sosene">Lemauga Lydia Sosene</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ngere_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Māngere (New Zealand electorate)">Māngere</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushla_Tangaere-Manuel" title="Cushla Tangaere-Manuel">Cushla Tangaere-Manuel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ikaroa-R%C4%81whiti" title="Ikaroa-Rāwhiti">Ikaroa-Rāwhiti</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinetti" title="Jan Tinetti">Jan Tinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Twyford" title="Phil Twyford">Phil Twyford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Te_Atat%C5%AB_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Te Atatū (New Zealand electorate)">Te Atatū</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi_Utikere" title="Tangi Utikere">Tangi Utikere</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate)">Palmerston North</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Verrall" title="Ayesha Verrall">Ayesha Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Webb" title="Duncan Webb">Duncan Webb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Central" title="Christchurch Central">Christchurch Central</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_White_(politician)" title="Helen White (politician)">Helen White</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mount_Albert_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate)">Mount Albert</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Williams" title="Arena Williams">Arena Williams</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Manurewa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Manurewa (New Zealand electorate)">Manurewa</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Woods" title="Megan Woods">Megan Woods</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Wigram_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wigram (New Zealand electorate)">Wigram</a>)</span></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Related organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Vision" title="City Vision">City Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Choice_(political_ticket)" title="The People's Choice (political ticket)">The People's Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Street_Labour" title="Princes Street Labour">Princes Street Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Labour" title="Rainbow Labour">Rainbow Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81tana" title="Rātana">Rātana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VicLabour" title="VicLabour">VicLabour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Young_Labour" title="New Zealand Young Labour">Young Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D82A20; color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">History and related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal%E2%80%93Labour_(New_Zealand)" title="Liberal–Labour (New Zealand)">Liberal–Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Unity_Conferences" title="Labour Unity Conferences">Labour Unity Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_affair" title="Lee affair">Lee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Budget_(New_Zealand)" title="Black Budget (New Zealand)">Black Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Affair" title="Mason Affair">Mason Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Time_(New_Zealand_campaign)" title="It's Time (New Zealand campaign)">It's Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Rowling" title="Citizens for Rowling">Citizens for Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyle_Affair" title="Moyle Affair">Moyle Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Chip_Brigade" title="Fish and Chip Brigade">Fish and Chip Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_loan_affair" title="Māori loan affair">Māori loan affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backbone_club" title="Backbone club">Backbone club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closing_the_Gaps" title="Closing the Gaps">Closing the Gaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helengrad" title="Helengrad">Helengrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corngate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corngate">Corngate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy" title="New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy">Foreshore and seabed controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KiwiSaver" title="KiwiSaver">KiwiSaver</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Labour governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="First Labour Government of New Zealand">First</a> (1935–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Second Labour Government of New Zealand">Second</a> (1957–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third Labour Government of New Zealand">Third</a> (1972–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fourth</a> (1984–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand">Fifth</a> (1999–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">Sixth</a> (2017–23)</li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Shadow cabinets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Norman_Kirk" title="Shadow Cabinet of Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Bill_Rowling" title="Shadow Cabinet of Bill Rowling">Rowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Lange" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Mike_Moore" title="Shadow Cabinet of Mike Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Helen_Clark" title="Shadow Cabinet of Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Phil_Goff" title="Shadow Cabinet of Phil Goff">Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Shearer" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Shearer">Shearer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_David_Cunliffe" title="Shadow Cabinet of David Cunliffe">Cunliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Andrew_Little" title="Shadow Cabinet of Andrew Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Jacinda_Ardern" title="Shadow Cabinet of Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Chris_Hipkins" title="Shadow Cabinet of Chris Hipkins">Hipkins</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D82A20; color:white;">Predecessor parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">New Zealand Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Socialist_Party" title="New Zealand Socialist Party">New Zealand Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Political_Labour_League" title="Independent Political Labour League">Independent Political Labour League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party_(1910)" title="New Zealand Labour Party (1910)">New Zealand Labour Party (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Labour_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="United Labour Party (New Zealand)">United Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)">Social Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721770#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721770#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721770#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109711499">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51290156">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/387615/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpymrrkhTpw7drfC47JXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1024713407">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97010238">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb108694064">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb108694064">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p114177821">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810660322505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007367312505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/929936">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/10596249X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6st8x0f">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/13">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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