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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_points_of_Calvinism&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Five points of Calvinism">Five points of Calvinism</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fundamental teachings of Calvinism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 180px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Five Points</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Calvinism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulipa_classic_FotoTakkk_Hungary.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A "Page Polka" tulip"><img alt="A "Page Polka" tulip" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tulipa_classic_FotoTakkk_Hungary.jpg/50px-Tulipa_classic_FotoTakkk_Hungary.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tulipa_classic_FotoTakkk_Hungary.jpg/75px-Tulipa_classic_FotoTakkk_Hungary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tulipa_classic_FotoTakkk_Hungary.jpg/100px-Tulipa_classic_FotoTakkk_Hungary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2348" data-file-height="1904" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> (TULIP)</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Total_depravity" title="Total depravity">Total depravity</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Unconditional_election" title="Unconditional election">Unconditional election</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Limited_atonement" title="Limited atonement">Limited atonement</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Irresistible_grace" title="Irresistible grace">Irresistible grace</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Perseverance_of_the_saints" title="Perseverance of the saints">Perseverance of the saints</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TULIP" title="Template:TULIP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TULIP" title="Template talk:TULIP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TULIP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TULIP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Five Points of Calvinism</b> constitute a summary of <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed Christianity</a>. Named after <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, they largely reflect the teaching of the <a href="/wiki/Canons_of_Dort" title="Canons of Dort">Canons of Dort</a>. The five points assert that God saves every person upon whom he has mercy, and that his efforts are not frustrated by the unrighteousness or inability of humans. They are occasionally known by the <a href="/wiki/Acrostic" title="Acrostic">acrostic</a> <b>TULIP</b>: <a href="/wiki/Total_depravity" title="Total depravity">total depravity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unconditional_election" title="Unconditional election">unconditional election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limited_atonement" title="Limited atonement">limited atonement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irresistible_grace" title="Irresistible grace">irresistible grace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perseverance_of_the_saints" title="Perseverance of the saints">perseverance of the saints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The five points are popularly said to summarize the Canons of Dort; however, there is no historical relationship between them, and some scholars argue that their language distorts the meaning of the Canons, Calvin's theology, and the theology of 17th-century Calvinistic orthodoxy, particularly in the language of total depravity and limited atonement.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five points were more recently popularized in the 1963 booklet <i>The Five Points of Calvinism Defined, Defended, Documented</i> by David N. Steele and Curtis C. Thomas. The origins of the five points and the acrostic are uncertain, but they appear to be outlined in the <a href="/wiki/Counter_Remonstrance_of_1611" title="Counter Remonstrance of 1611">Counter Remonstrance of 1611</a>, a lesser-known Reformed reply to the <a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminian</a> <a href="/wiki/Five_Articles_of_Remonstrance" title="Five Articles of Remonstrance">Five Articles of Remonstrance</a>, which was written prior to the Canons of Dort.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acrostic TULIP was used by <a href="/wiki/Cleland_Boyd_McAfee" title="Cleland Boyd McAfee">Cleland Boyd McAfee</a> as early as circa 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early printed appearance of the acrostic can be found in <a href="/wiki/Loraine_Boettner" title="Loraine Boettner">Loraine Boettner</a>'s 1932 book, <i>The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Total_depravity" title="Total depravity">Total depravity</a> (also called <i>radical corruption)</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserts that as a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Man">fall of man into sin</a>, every person is enslaved to sin. People are not by nature inclined to love God, but rather to serve their own interests and to reject the rule of God. Thus, all people by their own faculties are morally unable to choose to trust God for their salvation and be saved (the term "total" in this context refers to sin affecting every part of a person, not that every person is as evil as they could be).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This doctrine is derived from Calvin's interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustine">Augustine</a>'s explanation about <a href="/wiki/Original_Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Original Sin">Original Sin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the phrases "totally depraved" and "utterly perverse" were used by Calvin, what was meant was the inability to save oneself from sin rather than being utterly devoid of goodness. Phrases like "total depravity" cannot be found in the Canons of Dort, and the Canons as well as later Reformed orthodox theologians arguably offer a more moderate view of the nature of fallen humanity than Calvin.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_election" title="Unconditional election">Unconditional election</a> (also called <i>sovereign election)</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserts that God has chosen from eternity those whom he will bring to himself not based on foreseen virtue, merit, or faith in those people; rather, his choice is unconditionally grounded in his mercy alone. God has chosen from eternity to extend mercy to those he has chosen and to withhold mercy from those not chosen. Those chosen receive salvation through Christ alone. Those not chosen receive the just wrath that is warranted for their sins against God.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_atonement" title="Limited atonement">Limited atonement</a> (also called <i>definite atonement)</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserts that Jesus's <a href="/wiki/Substitutionary_atonement" title="Substitutionary atonement">substitutionary atonement</a> was definite and certain in its purpose and in what it accomplished. This implies that only the sins of the elect were <a href="/wiki/Penal_substitution" title="Penal substitution">atoned</a> for by Jesus's death. Calvinists do not believe, however, that the atonement is limited in its value or power, but rather that the atonement is limited in the sense that it is intended for some and not all. Some Calvinists have summarized this as "The atonement is sufficient for all and efficient for the elect."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irresistible_grace" title="Irresistible grace">Irresistible grace</a> (also called <i>effectual grace)</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asserts that the saving grace of God is effectually applied to those whom he has determined to save (that is, the elect) and overcomes their resistance to obeying the call of the gospel, bringing them to a saving faith. This means that when <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Sovereignty of God in Christianity">God sovereignly</a> purposes to save someone, that individual will be saved. The doctrine holds that this purposeful influence of God's <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> cannot be resisted, but that the Holy Spirit, "graciously causes the elect sinner to cooperate, to believe, to repent, to come freely and willingly to Christ." This is not to deny the fact that the Spirit's outward call (through the proclamation of the Gospel) can be, and often is, rejected by sinners; rather, it is that inward call which cannot be rejected.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_of_the_saints" title="Perseverance of the saints">Perseverance of the saints</a> (also called <i>preservation of the saints</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "saints" being those whom God has predestined to salvation) asserts that since God is sovereign and his will cannot be frustrated by humans or anything else, those whom God has called into communion with himself will continue in faith until the end. Those who apparently fall away either never had true faith to begin with (1 John 2:19), or, if they are saved but not presently walking in the Spirit, they will be divinely chastened (Hebrews 12:5–11) and will repent (1 John 3:6–9).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible floatright" style="text-align:left; border:1px solid #444;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CEDFF9; text-align:center"> <td colspan="4"><b>Protestant beliefs about salvation</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">This table summarizes the classical views of three <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity#Protestantism" title="Salvation in Christianity">Protestant beliefs about salvation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Topic</b></th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a></b></th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></b></th> <th><b><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></b> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td><b>Human will</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Total_depravity" title="Total depravity">Total depravity</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-Compare_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-Compare-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humanity possesses "free will",<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is in bondage to sin,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until it is "transformed".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Augsburg_Confession#Article_II:_Of_Original_Sin." class="extiw" title="s:Augsburg Confession">Total depravity</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-Compare_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-Compare-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humanity possesses free will in regard to "goods and possessions", but is sinful by nature and unable to contribute to its own salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Total_depravity" title="Total depravity">Total depravity</a>: Humanity possesses freedom from <a href="/wiki/Necessitarianism" title="Necessitarianism">necessity</a>, but not "freedom from sin" unless enabled by "<a href="/wiki/Prevenient_grace" title="Prevenient grace">prevenient grace</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td><b>Election</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_election" title="Unconditional election">Unconditional election</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Predestination#Lutheranism" title="Predestination">Unconditional election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-Compare_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-Compare-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conditional_election" title="Conditional election">Conditional election</a> in view of foreseen faith or unbelief.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td><b>Justification and atonement</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justification_by_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Justification by faith">Justification by faith</a> alone. Various views regarding the extent of the atonement.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Justification for all men</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-ROM_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-ROM-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> completed at Christ's death and effective through <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Augsburg_Confession#Article_IV:_Of_Justification." class="extiw" title="s:Augsburg Confession">faith alone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-TWB_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-TWB-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WELS-Justification_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-Justification-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WELS-UnivJus_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-UnivJus-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Justification made <a href="/wiki/Atonement_(unlimited_view)#The_doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement (unlimited view)">possible for all</a> through Christ's death, but only completed upon <a href="/wiki/Regeneration_(theology)#Arminian" title="Regeneration (theology)">choosing faith</a> in Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td><b>Conversion</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monergism" title="Monergism">Monergistic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through the means of grace, <a href="/wiki/Irresistible_grace" title="Irresistible grace">irresistible</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monergism" title="Monergism">Monergistic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-Diehl_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-Diehl-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_grace" title="Means of grace">means of grace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irresistible_grace#Lutheran" title="Irresistible grace">resistible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-TULIP_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-TULIP-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Synergism_(theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Synergism (theology)">Synergistic</a>, resistible due to the common grace of free will.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td><b>Perseverance and apostasy</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_of_the_saints" title="Perseverance of the saints">Perseverance of the saints</a>: the eternally elect in Christ will certainly persevere in faith.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Christianity#Martin_Luther_(1483–1546)" title="Apostasy in Christianity">Falling away</a> is possible,<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-OSAS_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-OSAS-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but God gives gospel <a href="/wiki/Assurance_(theology)#Lutheranism" title="Assurance (theology)">assurance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WELS-Pers_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WELS-Pers-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conditional_preservation_of_the_saints" title="Conditional preservation of the saints">Preservation is conditional</a> upon continued faith in Christ; with the possibility of a final <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Christianity" title="Apostasy in Christianity">apostasy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p>English <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Baptists" title="Reformed Baptists">Reformed Baptist</a> theologian <a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)" title="John Gill (theologian)">John Gill</a> (1697-1771) staunchly defended the five points in his work <i>The Cause of God and Truth</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work was a lengthy counter to contemporary Anglican <a href="/wiki/Arminianism_in_the_Church_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Arminianism in the Church of England">Arminian</a> priest <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Whitby" title="Daniel Whitby">Daniel Whitby</a>, who had been attacking Calvinist doctrine. Gill goes to great lengths in quoting numerous <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> in an attempt to show that the five points and other Calvinistic ideas were held in early Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Points_of_Calvinism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_soteriology" title="Augustinian soteriology">Augustinian soteriology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Articles_of_Remonstrance" title="Five Articles of Remonstrance">Five Articles of Remonstrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Calvinism" title="Predestination in Calvinism">Predestination in Calvinism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Points_of_Calvinism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSproul2016" class="citation book cs1">Sproul, R. C. (2016). <i>What Is Reformed Theology?: Understanding the Basics</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-1846-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-1846-6"><bdi>978-0-8010-1846-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Reformed+Theology%3F%3A+Understanding+the+Basics&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-1846-6&rft.aulast=Sproul&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuller2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Muller_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Muller (theologian)">Muller, Richard A.</a> (2012). <i>Calvin and the Reformed Tradition</i> (Ebook ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic. pp. 50–51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calvin+and+the+Reformed+Tradition&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=50-51&rft.edition=Ebook&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Document translated in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Jong1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Y._De_Jong" title="Peter Y. De Jong">De Jong, Peter Y.</a> (1968). <i>Crisis In The Reformed Churches: Essays in Commemoration of the Synod of Dort (1618–1619)</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Reformed Fellowship, Incorporated. pp. 52–58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crisis+In+The+Reformed+Churches%3A+Essays+in+Commemoration+of+the+Synod+of+Dort+%281618%E2%80%931619%29&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=52-58&rft.pub=Reformed+Fellowship%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=De+Jong&rft.aufirst=Peter+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWail1913" class="citation book cs1">Wail, William H. (1913). <i>The Five Points of Calvinism Historically Considered, <a href="/wiki/The_Outlook_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Outlook (New York)">The New Outlook</a></i>. p. 104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Points+of+Calvinism+Historically+Considered%2C+The+New+Outlook&rft.pages=104&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Wail&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoettner" class="citation web cs1">Boettner, Loraine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527231415/http://www.bloomingtonrpchurch.org/refdocpre/predest.pdf">"The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bloomingtonrpchurch.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomingtonrpchurch.org/refdocpre/predest.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>. <q>The Five Points may be more easily remembered if they are associated with the word T-U-L-I-P; T, Total Inability; U, Unconditional Election; L, Limited Atonement; I, Irresistible (Efficacious) Grace; and P, Perseverance of the Saints.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Reformed+Doctrine+of+Predestination&rft.pub=Bloomingtonrpchurch.org&rft.aulast=Boettner&rft.aufirst=Loraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomingtonrpchurch.org%2Frefdocpre%2Fpredest.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSproul2017" class="citation web cs1">Sproul, R. C. (March 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-total-depravity">"TULIP and Reformed Theology: Total Depravity"</a>. <i>Ligonier Ministries</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805035204/https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-total-depravity">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>. <q>I like to replace the term <i>total depravity</i> with my favorite designation, which is <i>radical corruption</i>. Ironically, the word <i>radical</i> has its roots in the Latin word for "root," which is <i>radix</i>, and it can be translated <i>root</i> or <i>core</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ligonier+Ministries&rft.atitle=TULIP+and+Reformed+Theology%3A+Total+Depravity&rft.date=2017-03-25&rft.aulast=Sproul&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ligonier.org%2Flearn%2Farticles%2Ftulip-and-reformed-theology-total-depravity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteeleThomas1963" class="citation book cs1">Steele, David; Thomas, Curtis (1963). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fivepointsofcalv00davi"><i>The Five Points of Calvinism Defined, Defended, Documented</i></a></span>. P&R. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fivepointsofcalv00davi/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87552-444-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87552-444-3"><bdi>978-0-87552-444-3</bdi></a>. <q>The adjective 'total' does not mean that each sinner is as totally or completely corrupt in his actions and thoughts as it is possible for him to be. Instead, the word 'total' is used to indicate that the "whole" of man's being has been affected by sin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Points+of+Calvinism+Defined%2C+Defended%2C+Documented&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=P%26R&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-87552-444-3&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffivepointsofcalv00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). "Original sin". <i>The Oxford dictionary of the Christian Church</i> (3rd ed.). Oxford, England: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3"><bdi>978-0-19-280290-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Original+sin&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuller2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Muller_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Muller (theologian)">Muller, Richard A.</a> (2012). "Was Calvin a Calvinist?". <i>Calvin and the Reformed Tradition</i> (Ebook ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-4254-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-4254-9"><bdi>978-1-4412-4254-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Was+Calvin+a+Calvinist%3F&rft.btitle=Calvin+and+the+Reformed+Tradition&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=51&rft.edition=Ebook&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4412-4254-9&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSproul2017" class="citation web cs1">Sproul, R. C. (April 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-unconditional-election">"TULIP and Reformed Theology: Unconditional Election"</a>. <i>Ligonier Ministries</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805035437/https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-unconditional-election">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>. <q><i>Unconditional election</i> is another term that I think can be a bit misleading, so I prefer to use the term <i>sovereign election</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ligonier+Ministries&rft.atitle=TULIP+and+Reformed+Theology%3A+Unconditional+Election&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.aulast=Sproul&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ligonier.org%2Flearn%2Farticles%2Ftulip-and-reformed-theology-unconditional-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWCF1646" class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Westminster Confession of Faith"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith"><i>Westminster Confession of Faith</i> </a></span>. 1646 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Westminster+Confession+of+Faith&rft.date=1646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSproul2017" class="citation web cs1">Sproul, R. C. (April 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-limited-atonement">"TULIP and Reformed Theology: Limited Atonement"</a>. <i>Ligonier Ministries</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805035547/https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-limited-atonement">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>. <q>I prefer not to use the term <i>limited atonement</i> because it is misleading. I rather speak of <i>definite redemption</i> or <i>definite atonement</i>, which communicates that God the Father designed the work of redemption specifically with a view to providing salvation for the elect, and that Christ died for His sheep and laid down His life for those the Father had given to Him.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ligonier+Ministries&rft.atitle=TULIP+and+Reformed+Theology%3A+Limited+Atonement&rft.date=2017-04-08&rft.aulast=Sproul&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ligonier.org%2Flearn%2Farticles%2Ftulip-and-reformed-theology-limited-atonement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303171743/https://www.calvinistcorner.com/tulip.htm">"The Five Points of Calvinism, TULIP"</a>. Calvinistcorner.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calvinistcorner.com/tulip.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Five+Points+of+Calvinism%2C+TULIP&rft.pub=Calvinistcorner.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calvinistcorner.com%2Ftulip.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSproul2017" class="citation web cs1">Sproul, R. C. (April 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-irresistible-grace">"TULIP and Reformed Theology: Irresistible Grace"</a>. <i>Ligonier Ministries</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805035743/https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-irresistible-grace">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>. <q>I have a little bit of a problem using the term <i>irresistible grace</i>, not because I don't believe this classical doctrine, but because it is misleading to many people. Therefore, I prefer the term <i>effectual grace</i>, because the irresistible grace of God effects what God intends it to effect.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ligonier+Ministries&rft.atitle=TULIP+and+Reformed+Theology%3A+Irresistible+Grace&rft.date=2017-04-15&rft.aulast=Sproul&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ligonier.org%2Flearn%2Farticles%2Ftulip-and-reformed-theology-irresistible-grace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSproul2017" class="citation web cs1">Sproul, R. C. (April 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-perseverance-saints">"TULIP and Reformed Theology: Perseverance of the Saints"</a>. <i>Ligonier Ministries</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805035946/https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/tulip-and-reformed-theology-perseverance-saints">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2021</span>. <q>I think this little catchphrase, <i>perseverance of the saints</i>, is dangerously misleading. It suggests that the perseverance is something that we do, perhaps in and of ourselves.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... So I prefer the term <i>the preservation of the saints</i>, because the process by which we are kept in a state of grace is something that is accomplished by God.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ligonier+Ministries&rft.atitle=TULIP+and+Reformed+Theology%3A+Perseverance+of+the+Saints&rft.date=2017-04-22&rft.aulast=Sproul&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ligonier.org%2Flearn%2Farticles%2Ftulip-and-reformed-theology-perseverance-saints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoettner" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Loraine_Boettner" title="Loraine Boettner">Boettner, Loraine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/boettner/predest.iv.vi.html">"The Perseverance of the Saints"</a>. <i>The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Perseverance+of+the+Saints&rft.btitle=The+Reformed+Doctrine+of+Predestination&rft.aulast=Boettner&rft.aufirst=Loraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fboettner%2Fpredest.iv.vi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Table drawn from, though not copied, from Lange, Lyle W. <i>God So Loved the World: A Study of Christian Doctrine</i>. Milwaukee: Northwestern Publishing House, 2006. p. 448.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-Compare-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WELS-Compare_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS-Compare_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WELS-Compare_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927073128/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=10&cuItem_itemID=15094">"Calvinism and Lutheranism Compared"</a>. <i>WELS Topical Q&A</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=10&cuItem_itemID=15094">the original</a> on 27 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2015</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Total Depravity – Lutherans and Calvinists agree." Yes this is correct. Both agree on the devastating nature of the fall and that man by nature has no power to aid in his conversions...and that election to salvation is by grace. In Lutheranism the German term for election is <i>Gnadenwahl</i>, election by grace--there is no other kind.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WELS+Topical+Q%26A&rft.atitle=Calvinism+and+Lutheranism+Compared&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F1518%26cuTopic_topicID%3D10%26cuItem_itemID%3D15094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Calvin, <i>Institutes of the Christian Religion</i>, trans. Henry Beveridge, III.23.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Calvin, <i>Institutes of the Christian Religion</i>, trans. Henry Beveridge, II.3.5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Calvin, <i>Institutes of the Christian Religion</i>, trans. Henry Beveridge, III.3.6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, J.W., <i>The Historic Church: An Orthodox View of Christian History</i>, p267, "The Book of Concord became the official statement of doctrine for most of the world's Lutherans. The Formula of Concord reaffirmed the traditional Lutheran doctrine of total depravity in very clear terms"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Melton, J.G., <i>Encyclopedia of Protestantism</i>, p229, on <i>Formula of Concord</i>, "the 12 articles of the formula focused on a number of newer issues such as original sin (in which total depravity is affirmed)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213942/http://arkiv.lbk.cc/faq/site.pl@1518cutopic_topicid257cuitem_itemid7092.htm">"WELS vs Assembly of God"</a>. <i>WELS Topical Q&A</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arkiv.lbk.cc/faq/site.pl@1518cutopic_topicid257cuitem_itemid7092.htm">the original</a> on 2014-07-14. <q>[P]eople by nature are dead in their transgressions and sin and therefore have no ability to decide of Christ (Ephesians 2:1, 5). We do not choose Christ, rather he chose us (John 15:16) We believe that human beings are purely passive in conversion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WELS+Topical+Q%26A&rft.atitle=WELS+vs+Assembly+of+God&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farkiv.lbk.cc%2Ffaq%2Fsite.pl%401518cutopic_topicid257cuitem_itemid7092.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookofconcord.org/augsburgconfession.php#article18.1">Augsburg Confessional, Article XVIII, Of Free Will</a>, saying: "(M)an's will has some liberty to choose civil righteousness, and to work things subject to reason. But it has no power, without the Holy Ghost, to work the righteousness of God, that is, spiritual righteousness; since the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God (1 Cor. 2:14); but this righteousness is wrought in the heart when the Holy Ghost is received through the Word."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Cole, trans., <i>Martin Luther on the Bondage of the Will</i> (London, T. Bensley, 1823), 66. The controversial term <i>liberum arbitrium</i> was translated "free-will" by Cole. However <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gordon_Rupp" title="Ernest Gordon Rupp">Ernest Gordon Rupp</a> and Philip Saville Watson, <i>Luther and Erasmus: Free Will and Salvation</i> (Westminster, 1969) chose "free choice" as their translation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanglinMcCall2012" class="citation book cs1">Stanglin, Keith D.; McCall, Thomas H. (15 November 2012). <i>Jacob Arminius: Theologian of Grace</i>. New York: Oxford University Press USA. pp. 157–158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacob+Arminius%3A+Theologian+of+Grace&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=157-158&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+USA&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.aulast=Stanglin&rft.aufirst=Keith+D.&rft.au=McCall%2C+Thomas+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Concord" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Concord">The Book of Concord</a>: The Confessions of the Lutheran Church</i>, XI. Election. "Predestination" means "God's ordination to salvation".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson2009" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Roger E. (2009). <i>Arminian Theology: Myths and Realities</i>. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. p. 63. <q>Arminians accepts divine election, [but] they believe it is conditional.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arminian+Theology%3A+Myths+and+Realities&rft.place=Downers+Grove&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Roger+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Westminster Confession</i>, III:6, says that only the "elect" are "effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved." However in his <i>Calvin and the Reformed Tradition</i> (Baker, 2012), 45, Richard A. Muller observes that "a sizeable body of literature has interpreted Calvin as teaching "limited atonement", but "an equally sizeable body . . . [interprets] Calvin as teaching "unlimited atonement".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-ROM-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WELS-ROM_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927073134/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=45&cuItem_itemID=2954">"Justification / Salvation"</a>. <i>WELS Topical Q&A</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=45&cuItem_itemID=2954">the original</a> on 27 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2015</span>. <q>Romans 3:23-24, 5:9, 18 are other passages that lead us to say that it is most appropriate and accurate to say that universal justification is a finished fact. God has forgiven the sins of the whole world whether people believe it or not. He has done more than "made forgiveness possible." All this is for the sake of the perfect substitutionary work of Jesus Christ.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WELS+Topical+Q%26A&rft.atitle=Justification+%2F+Salvation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F1518%26cuTopic_topicID%3D45%26cuItem_itemID%3D2954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-TWB-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WELS-TWB_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wels.net/what-we-believe/statements-beliefs/this-we-believe/justification">"IV. Justification by Grace through Faith"</a>. <i>This We Believe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>. <q>We believe that God has justified all sinners, that is, he has declared them righteous for the sake of Christ. This is the central message of Scripture upon which the very existence of the church depends. It is a message relevant to people of all times and places, of all races and social levels, for "the result of one trespass was condemnation for all men" (Romans 5:18]). All need forgiveness of sins before God, and Scripture proclaims that all have been justified, for "the result of one act of righteousness was justification that brings life for all men" (Romans 5:18). We believe that individuals receive this free gift of forgiveness not on the basis of their own works, but only through faith (Ephesians 2:8–9). ... On the other hand, although Jesus died for all, Scripture says that "whoever does not believe will be condemned" (Mark 16:16). Unbelievers forfeit the forgiveness won for them by Christ (John 8:24).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+We+Believe&rft.atitle=IV.+Justification+by+Grace+through+Faith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fwhat-we-believe%2Fstatements-beliefs%2Fthis-we-believe%2Fjustification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-Justification-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WELS-Justification_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker" class="citation web cs1">Becker, Siegbert W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wlsessays.net/files/BeckerJustification.pdf">"Objective Justification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Lutheran_Seminary" title="Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary">Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary</a>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Objective+Justification&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Lutheran+Seminary&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Siegbert+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlsessays.net%2Ffiles%2FBeckerJustification.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-UnivJus-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WELS-UnivJus_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927133257/https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=45&cuItem_itemID=16624">"Universal Justification"</a>. <i>WELS Topical Q&A</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=45&cuItem_itemID=16624">the original</a> on 27 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2015</span>. <q>Christ paid for all our sins. God the Father has therefore forgiven them. But to benefit from this verdict we need to hear about it and trust in it. If I deposit money in the bank for you, to benefit from it you need to hear about it and use it. Christ has paid for your sins, but to benefit from it you need to hear about it and believe in it. We need to have faith but we should not think of faith as our contribution. It is a gift of God which the Holy Spirit works in us.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WELS+Topical+Q%26A&rft.atitle=Universal+Justification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F1518%26cuTopic_topicID%3D45%26cuItem_itemID%3D16624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Augsburg Confession</i>, Article V, Of Justification. People "cannot be justified before God by their own strength, merits, or works, but are freely justified for Christ's sake, through faith, when they believe that they are received into favor, and that their sins are forgiven for Christ's sake. ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanglinMcCall2012" class="citation book cs1">Stanglin, Keith D.; McCall, Thomas H. (15 November 2012). <i>Jacob Arminius: Theologian of Grace</i>. New York: Oxford University Press USA. p. 136. <q>Faith is a condition of justification</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacob+Arminius%3A+Theologian+of+Grace&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+USA&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.aulast=Stanglin&rft.aufirst=Keith+D.&rft.au=McCall%2C+Thomas+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul ChulHong Kang, <i>Justification: The Imputation of Christ's Righteousness from Reformation Theology to the American Great Awakening and the Korean Revivals</i> (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publisher)" title="Peter Lang (publisher)">Peter Lang</a>, 2006), 70, note 171. Calvin generally defends Augustine's "monergistic view".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-Diehl-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WELS-Diehl_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiehl" class="citation web cs1">Diehl, Walter A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=58&cuItem_itemID=11345">"The Age of Accountability"</a>. Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>. <q>In full accord with Scripture the Lutheran Confessions teach monergism. "In this manner, too, the Holy Scriptures ascribe conversion, faith in Christ, regeneration, renewal and all the belongs to their efficacious beginning and completion, not to the human powers of the natural free will, neither entirely, nor half, nor in any, even the least or most inconsiderable part, but in solidum, that is, entirely, solely, to the divine working and the Holy Ghost" (Trigl. 891, F.C., Sol. Decl., II, 25).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Accountability&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Lutheran+Seminary&rft.aulast=Diehl&rft.aufirst=Walter+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F1518%26cuTopic_topicID%3D58%26cuItem_itemID%3D11345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Monergism">Monergism</a>; thefreedictionary.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-TULIP-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WELS-TULIP_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927073128/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=10&cuItem_itemID=15094">"Calvinism and Lutheranism Compared"</a>. <i>WELS Topical Q&A</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=10&cuItem_itemID=15094">the original</a> on 27 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WELS+Topical+Q%26A&rft.atitle=Calvinism+and+Lutheranism+Compared&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F1518%26cuTopic_topicID%3D10%26cuItem_itemID%3D15094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson2009" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Roger E. (2009). <i>Arminian Theology: Myths and Realities</i>. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. p. 18. <q>Arminian synergism" refers to "evangelical synergism, which affirms the prevenience of grace.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arminian+Theology%3A+Myths+and+Realities&rft.place=Downers+Grove&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Roger+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson2009" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Roger E. (2009). <i>Arminian Theology: Myths and Realities</i>. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. p. 165. <q>[Arminius]' evangelical synergism reserves all the power, ability and efficacy in salvation to grace, but allows humans the God-granted ability to resist or not resist it. The only "contribution" humans make is nonresistance to grace.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arminian+Theology%3A+Myths+and+Realities&rft.place=Downers+Grove&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Roger+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a></i>, Ch XVII, "Of the Perseverance of the Saints".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-OSAS-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WELS-OSAS_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927165641/https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=10&cuItem_itemID=9372">"Once saved always saved"</a>. <i>WELS Topical Q&A</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=10&cuItem_itemID=9372">the original</a> on 27 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>. <q>People can fall from faith. The Bible warns, "If you think you are standing firm, be careful that you don't fall" (1 Corinthians 10:12). Some among the Galatians had believed for a while, but had fallen into soul-destroying error. Paul warned them, "You who are trying to be justified by law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace" (Galatians 5:4). In his explanation of the parable of the sower, Jesus says, "Those on the rock are the ones who receive the word with joy when they hear it, but they have no root. They believe for a while, but in time of testing they fall away" (Luke 8:13). According to Jesus a person can believe for a while and then fall away. While they believed they possessed eternal salvation, but when they fell from faith they lost God's gracious gift.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WELS+Topical+Q%26A&rft.atitle=Once+saved+always+saved&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F1518%26cuTopic_topicID%3D10%26cuItem_itemID%3D9372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WELS-Pers-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WELS-Pers_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927073121/http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=10&cuItem_itemID=17945">"Perseverence of the Saints (Once Saved Always Saved)"</a>. <i>WELS Topical Q&A</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=10&cuItem_itemID=17945">the original</a> on 27 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>. <q>We cannot contribute one speck to our salvation, but by our own arrogance or carelessness we can throw it away. Therefore, Scripture urges us repeatedly to fight the good fight of faith (Ephesians 6 and 2 Timothy 4 for example). My sins threaten and weaken my faith, but the Spirit through the gospel in word and sacraments strengthens and preserves my faith. That's why Lutherans typically speak of God's preservation of faith and not the perseverance of the saints. The key is <i>not our perseverance but the Spirit's preservation</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WELS+Topical+Q%26A&rft.atitle=Perseverence+of+the+Saints+%28Once+Saved+Always+Saved%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wels.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsite.pl%3F1518%26cuTopic_topicID%3D10%26cuItem_itemID%3D17945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemarest1997" class="citation book cs1">Demarest, Bruce A. (1997). <i>The Cross and Salvation: The Doctrine of Salvation</i>. Crossway Books. pp. 437–438.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cross+and+Salvation%3A+The+Doctrine+of+Salvation&rft.pages=437-438&rft.pub=Crossway+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Demarest&rft.aufirst=Bruce+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemarest1997" class="citation book cs1">Demarest, Bruce A. (1997). <i>The Cross and Salvation: The Doctrine of Salvation</i>. Crossway Books. p. 35. <q>Many Arminians deny the doctrine of the <i>perseverance of the saints</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cross+and+Salvation%3A+The+Doctrine+of+Salvation&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Crossway+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Demarest&rft.aufirst=Bruce+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-cause-of-god-and-tru_gill-john_1772/mode/2up">"Archive.org - The cause of God and truth. In four parts. By John Gill, D.D. 1772"</a>. 1772.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive.org+-+The+cause+of+God+and+truth.+In+four+parts.+By+John+Gill%2C+D.D.+1772&rft.date=1772&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbim_eighteenth-century_the-cause-of-god-and-tru_gill-john_1772%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Points+of+Calvinism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill, John. <i>The cause of God and truth. In four parts.</i> 1772. Pages 453-645.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Points_of_Calvinism&oldid=1252086462">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five_Points_of_Calvinism&oldid=1252086462</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Five_Points_of_Calvinism" title="Category:Five Points of Calvinism">Five Points of Calvinism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Calvinist_theology" title="Category:Calvinist theology">Calvinist theology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_soteriology" title="Category:Christian soteriology">Christian soteriology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_terminology" title="Category:Christian terminology">Christian terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 October 2024, at 18:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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