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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earlier_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Earlier systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earlier_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air-to-ground" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air-to-ground"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Air-to-ground</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-to-ground-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Service history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Service_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Service history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Service_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air-to-ground_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air-to-ground_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Air-to-ground use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-to-ground_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-submarine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-submarine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Anti-submarine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-submarine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ground-to-ground_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ground-to-ground_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ground-to-ground use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ground-to-ground_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedish_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedish_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Swedish service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Warheads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warheads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Warheads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warheads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rocket_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rocket_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Rocket engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rocket_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Comparison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_use_in_the_Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_use_in_the_Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aircraft use in the Second World War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aircraft_use_in_the_Second_World_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aircraft use in the Second World War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_use_in_the_Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-RAF_and_Commonwealth_air_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RAF_and_Commonwealth_air_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>RAF and Commonwealth air forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RAF_and_Commonwealth_air_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Navy_Fleet_Air_Arm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Navy_Fleet_Air_Arm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Navy_Fleet_Air_Arm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_use_post_Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_use_post_Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aircraft use post Second World War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aircraft_use_post_Second_World_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aircraft use post Second World War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_use_post_Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-RAF_and_Commonwealth_air_forces_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RAF_and_Commonwealth_air_forces_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>RAF and Commonwealth air forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RAF_and_Commonwealth_air_forces_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RAAF,_RAN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RAAF,_RAN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>RAAF, RAN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RAAF,_RAN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Navy_Fleet_Air_Arm_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Navy_Fleet_Air_Arm_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Navy_Fleet_Air_Arm_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedish_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedish_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Swedish Air Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the British 3-inch rocket projectile munition. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/RP3_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="RP3 (disambiguation)">RP3</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unguided air-to-surface rocket</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> RP-3 </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_in_RP_60_pdr_Loading_On_Typhoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/3_in_RP_60_pdr_Loading_On_Typhoon.jpg/300px-3_in_RP_60_pdr_Loading_On_Typhoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/3_in_RP_60_pdr_Loading_On_Typhoon.jpg/450px-3_in_RP_60_pdr_Loading_On_Typhoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/3_in_RP_60_pdr_Loading_On_Typhoon.jpg/600px-3_in_RP_60_pdr_Loading_On_Typhoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Loading of RP-3 rockets fitted with 60 lb semi-armour-piercing high-explosive warheads onto a <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Unguided air-to-surface rocket</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">1943–1968 (UK)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> and others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data">see <a href="#Variants">variants</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">35 lb (16 kg) 17.9 kg (39 lb) Mk 1 engine<br />17.2 kg (38 lb) Mk 2, 3, 4 engine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">55 in (1,400 mm) rocket<br />500–560 mm (20–22 in) warhead</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">3.25 in (83 mm) rocket body</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Warhead</th><td class="infobox-data">TNT/RDX/Amatol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Warhead weight</th><td class="infobox-data">1.3–5.5 kg (2.9–12.1 lb)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Engine</th><td class="infobox-data">solid fuel rocket<br />7,800 N; 1,800 lbf (800 kgf)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Operational<br />range</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,200 ft (1,600 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Maximum speed of vehicle or missile">Maximum speed </span></th><td class="infobox-data">With 25 lb (11 kg) warhead: 1,200 ft/s (380 m/s)<br />With 60 lb (27 kg) warhead: 750 ft/s (230 m/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Guidance<br />system</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Unguided</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Launch<br />platform</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Aircraft<br /><a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Tank_(Rocket)" title="Landing Craft Tank (Rocket)">Landing Craft Tank (Rocket)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>RP-3</b> (from <b>Rocket Projectile 3 inch</b>) was a British air-to-ground <a href="/wiki/Rocket_(weapon)" title="Rocket (weapon)">rocket projectile</a> introduced during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. The "3 inch" designation referred to the nominal diameter of the rocket motor tube. The use of a 60 lb (27 kg) warhead gave rise to the alternative name of the "60-pound rocket". Though an air-to-ground weapon, it saw limited use in other roles. They were generally used by British <a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a> aircraft against targets such as tanks, trains, motor transport and buildings, as well as by <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Command">Coastal Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> aircraft against <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> and ships. </p><p>Use continued post-war, with the last known major operational use being during the <a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a> in 1964, where <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunters</a> flew 642 sorties and fired 2,508 RP-3s in support of Radforce. Use continued until the withdrawal from <a href="/wiki/Aden_Protectorate" title="Aden Protectorate">Aden Protectorate</a> in November 1967, at which point the RP-3 was withdrawn from service in favour of the newer <a href="/wiki/SNEB" title="SNEB">SNEB</a>. Concerned about the possibility of shipboard <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> setting off the SNEB's electrical ignition, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> replaced their RP-3s with a new design, sometimes known as the <a href="/wiki/2-inch_RP" title="2-inch RP">2-inch RP</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earlier_systems">Earlier systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earlier systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first use of rockets fired from aircraft was during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. The "unrotated projectiles" (UPs) were <a href="/wiki/Le_Prieur_rocket" title="Le Prieur rocket">Le Prieur rockets</a> mounted on the <a href="/wiki/Interplane_strut" class="mw-redirect" title="Interplane strut">interplane struts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nieuport" title="Nieuport">Nieuport</a> fighters. These were used to attack <a href="/wiki/Observation_balloon" title="Observation balloon">observation balloons</a> and were reasonably successful. <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Baby" title="Sopwith Baby">Sopwith Baby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">Sopwith Pup</a> and Home Defence <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_B.E.2" title="Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2">B.E.2</a> fighters also carried rockets.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Attack_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in 1935, the British began development of new anti-aircraft weapons, including <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a>-powered surface-to-air rockets. Several models of these <a href="/wiki/Unrotated_Projectile" title="Unrotated Projectile">Unrotated Projectile</a> (UPs) were introduced, starting with a 7 inches (180 mm) diameter model that saw use both in ground batteries and on larger ships. In 1937, new models at 2 inches (51 mm) and 3 inches (76 mm) diameters were introduced. By 1938, work on the 2-inch model had been slowed in favour of the 3-inch models which offered performance similar to the <a href="/wiki/QF_3-inch_20_cwt" title="QF 3-inch 20 cwt">QF 3-inch 20 cwt</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft gun">anti-aircraft gun</a>. Tests in <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> in 1939 suggested that the accuracy was not high enough to be used in a fashion similar to a gun, and development was slowed. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a> in 1940 it was clear an attack on the UK was coming, and production was quickly ramped up. Still considering the accuracy to be low, they were to be fired in salvos from the "<a href="/wiki/Z_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Z battery">Z-Batteries</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Attack_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamsay1990_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamsay1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Consisting largely of light metal tubes on a rotating platform, 7,000 launchers were available by August 1940, although production of the rockets themselves lagged and only 10 rockets each were assigned to 840 launchers. Several updated models of the launchers were introduced and the system claimed a small number of aircraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air-to-ground">Air-to-ground</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Air-to-ground"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When German forces under the command of <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a> intervened in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">Western Desert campaign</a> from early 1941, it became clear that the <a href="/wiki/Desert_Air_Force" title="Desert Air Force">Desert Air Force</a> lacked weapons capable of damaging or destroying the large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicles</a>, particularly the heavier <a href="/wiki/Panzer_III" title="Panzer III">Panzer III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panzer_IV" title="Panzer IV">Panzer IV</a> medium tanks used by the Germans. In April 1941 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tizard" title="Henry Tizard">Henry Tizard</a>, the chief scientist of the British government, called together a panel to study "Methods of Attacking Armoured Vehicles".<sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Attack_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The types of weapons investigated included the 40 mm <a href="/wiki/Vickers_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers S">Vickers S</a> gun and related weapons manufactured by the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Ordnance_Works" title="Coventry Ordnance Works">Coventry Ordnance Works</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_Automatic_Gun_L/60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60">Bofors 40 mm</a> and the US <a href="/wiki/M4_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="M4 cannon">37 mm T9 cannon</a> fitted to the <a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">Bell P-39 Airacobra</a>; it was already recognised that these weapons were only capable of dealing with <a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tanks</a> and motor transport. Using larger weapons on fighter-bombers was ruled out because of weight and difficulties handling recoil. The chairman of the panel, Mr. Ivor Bowen (Assistant Director of Armament Research) turned to the idea of using rocket projectiles to deliver a large warhead capable of destroying or disabling heavy tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Information was sought from the Soviets, who had been using unguided <a href="/wiki/RS-82_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-82 rocket">RS-82 rockets</a> since 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Attack_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By September 1941 it was decided that two models of UP would be developed: </p> <ul><li>A 23 lb <a href="/wiki/Plastic_explosive" title="Plastic explosive">plastic explosive</a> on a standard 2-inch UP</li> <li>A 20 lb solid armour-piercing head on a 3-inch UP</li></ul> <p>When it was realised that the 2-inch version would be less effective than the Vickers S cannon, it was decided to concentrate on development of the 3-inch version, which could be developed from the 2-inch rocket used in the Z-Batteries.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Attack_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3_in_RP_Attaching_60_pdr_Warheads.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/3_in_RP_Attaching_60_pdr_Warheads.jpg/250px-3_in_RP_Attaching_60_pdr_Warheads.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/3_in_RP_Attaching_60_pdr_Warheads.jpg/330px-3_in_RP_Attaching_60_pdr_Warheads.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/3_in_RP_Attaching_60_pdr_Warheads.jpg/500px-3_in_RP_Attaching_60_pdr_Warheads.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Attaching 60 lb SAP warheads onto RP-3 rocket projectile bodies</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:31_Squadron_RAAF_Beaufighter_loading_practice_RP-3_Coomalie_Creek_NT_Nov_1944_AWM_NWA0672_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/31_Squadron_RAAF_Beaufighter_loading_practice_RP-3_Coomalie_Creek_NT_Nov_1944_AWM_NWA0672_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-31_Squadron_RAAF_Beaufighter_loading_practice_RP-3_Coomalie_Creek_NT_Nov_1944_AWM_NWA0672_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/31_Squadron_RAAF_Beaufighter_loading_practice_RP-3_Coomalie_Creek_NT_Nov_1944_AWM_NWA0672_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="148" /></a><figcaption>RP-3 rocket with 60 lb concrete practice warhead</figcaption></figure> <p>The rocket body was a steel tube 3.25 in (83 mm) in diameter and 55.19 in (1,402 mm) long<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> filled with 5.2 kg (11.5 lb) of <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a> propellant, fired electrically.<sup id="cite_ref-rakettjänst_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rakettjänst-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The warhead was screwed into the forward end, and was initially a solid 24 lb 12 oz (11.2 kg), 3.44 in (87 mm) diameter and 12.4 in (310 mm) long (with adaptor)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Armour_piercing" class="mw-redirect" title="Armour piercing">armour-piercing</a> warhead which was quickly supplanted by a 152 mm (5.98 in), 27.4 kg (60.4 lb) <a href="/wiki/High_explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive">high explosive</a> head.<sup id="cite_ref-rakettjänst_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rakettjänst-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For practice there were also a 25-pound (11 kg) mild steel semi-armour-piercing warhead, a 25-pound (11 kg) concrete practice head<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a 27.2 kg (60.0 lb) concrete practice head.<sup id="cite_ref-rakettjänst_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rakettjänst-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the rocket had been mounted on the rails, an electrical lead (or "pigtail") connected the rocket to the firing controls. </p><p>Four large tailfins 4 by 5 in (100 by 130 mm)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> induced enough spin to stabilize the rocket, but as it was unguided, aiming was a matter of judgment and experience. Approach to the target needed to be precise, with no <a href="/wiki/Sideslip" class="mw-redirect" title="Sideslip">sideslip</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yaw_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaw angle">yaw</a>, which could throw the RP off line. Aircraft speed had to be precise at the moment of launch, and the angle of attack required precision. <a href="/wiki/Trajectory" title="Trajectory">Trajectory</a> drop was also a problem, especially at longer ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Attack_2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rocket was less complicated and more reliable than a gun firing a shell and there was no recoil on firing. It was found to be a demoralising form of attack against ground troops and the 60-pound warhead could be devastating. The rocket installations were light enough to be carried by single-seat fighters, giving them the punch of a <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Against slow-moving large targets like shipping and <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a>, the rocket was a formidable weapon. </p><p>The weight and drag of the all-steel rails initially fitted to British aircraft blunted performance. Some aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish" title="Fairey Swordfish">Fairey Swordfish</a> biplane used against submarines had steel "anti-blast" panels fitted under the rails to protect the wing, which further increased weight and drag. <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> Mark III rails, introduced from late 1944, reduced the effect. American experience with their own rockets (the <a href="/wiki/USAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAAF">USAAF</a>'s <a href="/wiki/3.5-Inch_Forward_Firing_Aircraft_Rocket" title="3.5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket">3.5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket</a> (FFAR) and the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/5-Inch_Forward_Firing_Aircraft_Rocket" title="5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket">5-inch FFAR</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Velocity_Aerial_Rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="High Velocity Aerial Rocket">HVAR</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) showed that the long rails and anti-blast panels were unnecessary; zero-length launchers were introduced in May 1945. British aircraft started being fitted with "zero-point" mounting <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_pylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft pylon">pylons</a> in the post-war years. </p><p>The 3-inch rocket motors (less warhead) were used in the 'bunker buster' "<a href="/wiki/Disney_bomb" title="Disney bomb">Disney bomb</a>" (official name: 4500 lb Concrete Piercing/Rocket Assisted bomb), 19 of them propelling the 4,500-pound (2.0 t) bomb to 990 mph (440 m/s) at impact with the target.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air-to-ground_use">Air-to-ground use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Air-to-ground use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawker_Typhoon_showing_salvo_of_rocket_projectiles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hawker_Typhoon_showing_salvo_of_rocket_projectiles.jpg/250px-Hawker_Typhoon_showing_salvo_of_rocket_projectiles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hawker_Typhoon_showing_salvo_of_rocket_projectiles.jpg/330px-Hawker_Typhoon_showing_salvo_of_rocket_projectiles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hawker_Typhoon_showing_salvo_of_rocket_projectiles.jpg/500px-Hawker_Typhoon_showing_salvo_of_rocket_projectiles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Hawker Typhoon <a href="/wiki/Gun_camera" title="Gun camera">gun camera</a> photo of a rocket salvo fired at railway wagons in a siding at <a href="/wiki/Nordhorn" title="Nordhorn">Nordhorn</a>, Germany (1945)</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the new weapon was released for service extensive tests were carried out by the Instrument, Armament and Defence Flight (IADF) at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a>, Farnborough. <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricanes</a> were fitted with rockets and rails and flown during June and July 1942. Further tests were undertaken from 28 September to 30 November to develop rocket-firing tactics. Other aircraft used were a <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">Lockheed Hudson</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish" title="Fairey Swordfish">Fairey Swordfish</a> biplane torpedo bomber, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">Douglas Boston</a> medium bomber and a Sea Hurricane.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Attack_2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time the <a href="/wiki/Aeroplane_and_Armament_Experimental_Establishment" title="Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment">Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment</a> (A&AEE) had to develop tactics for all the individual aircraft types which were to be armed with the RPs. Aiming was through a standard GM.II <a href="/wiki/Reflector_sight" title="Reflector sight">reflector gunsight</a>. A later modification enabled the reflector to be tilted with the aid of a graduated scale, depressing the line of sight, the GM.IIL.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For rockets only the Mk IIIA was the most successful – it was used on the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">Lockheed Ventura</a> and Hudson. </p><p>The first operational use of the RP was in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">Western Desert campaign</a> as a "tank-busting" weapon on <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a> Mk. IIEs and IVs. The 25-pound armour-piercing heads were found to be ineffective against the <a href="/wiki/Tiger_I" title="Tiger I">Tiger I</a> heavy tanks coming into German service. With the example of the success of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> gunners using high-explosive shells from their <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_25_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance QF 25 pounder">Ordnance QF 25 pounder</a> gun-howitzers, it was decided to design a new 60-pound semi-armour-piercing (SAP) head. These were capable of knocking turrets off tanks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A typical RP-3 installation was four projectiles on launching rails under each wing. A selector switch was fitted to allow the pilot to fire them singly (later omitted), in pairs, or as a full salvo. Towards the end of the war some <a href="/wiki/RAF_Second_Tactical_Air_Force" title="RAF Second Tactical Air Force">RAF Second Tactical Air Force</a> (2 TAF) <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoons</a> had their installation adapted to carry an additional four rockets doubled up under the eight already fitted.<sup id="cite_ref-Shores_and_Thomas_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shores_and_Thomas-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>RP-3s were widely used during the battle the <a href="/wiki/Falaise_pocket" title="Falaise pocket">Falaise pocket</a> in mid-August 1944. During the battle German forces, retreating to avoid being trapped in a <a href="/wiki/Pincer_movement" title="Pincer movement">pincer movement</a> by Allied ground forces, came under air attack. Amongst the waves of light, medium and fighter bombers attacking the German columns the Typhoons of 2 TAF attacked with their rockets, claiming hundreds of tanks and "mechanised enemy transport".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the battle, Army and 2nd TAF <a href="/wiki/Operational_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational Research">Operational Research</a> Sections studying the battleground came to the conclusion that far fewer vehicles, 17 in total, had been destroyed by rocket strike alone. What was clear was that in the heat of battle it was far harder for pilots to launch the weapons while meeting the conditions needed for accuracy. Smoke, dust and debris in the target areas made accurate assessment of the damage caused almost impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-Shores_and_Thomas_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shores_and_Thomas-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also clear that rocket attacks devastated the <a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">morale</a> of enemy troops – many vehicles were found abandoned intact, or with only superficial damage. Interrogation of captured prisoners showed that even the prospect of rocket attack was extremely unnerving for them.<sup id="cite_ref-Shores_and_Thomas_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shores_and_Thomas-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Large stocks of RP-3s remained at the end of the war and they were used well into the jet age. They were used operationally during the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a>. The last known use in combat is by <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a> from 1964 to as late as 1967 in support of Radforce. When these aircraft moved to <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> in November 1967, the remaining RP-3s were withdrawn from service and replaced by the newer <a href="/wiki/SNEB" title="SNEB">SNEB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-submarine">Anti-submarine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Anti-submarine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swordfish_landing_on_HMS_Tracker_WWII_IWM_A_19718.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Swordfish_landing_on_HMS_Tracker_WWII_IWM_A_19718.jpg/250px-Swordfish_landing_on_HMS_Tracker_WWII_IWM_A_19718.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Swordfish_landing_on_HMS_Tracker_WWII_IWM_A_19718.jpg/330px-Swordfish_landing_on_HMS_Tracker_WWII_IWM_A_19718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Swordfish_landing_on_HMS_Tracker_WWII_IWM_A_19718.jpg/500px-Swordfish_landing_on_HMS_Tracker_WWII_IWM_A_19718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>A rocket-armed Swordfish lands aboard the escort carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Tracker_(D24)" title="HMS Tracker (D24)">HMS <i>Tracker</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after some encouraging results from the initial deployment, trials of the weapon were conducted against targets representing U-boats. It was discovered that if the rockets were fired at a shallow angle, near misses resulted in the rockets curving upwards in seawater and piercing the targets below the waterline. Soon <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Command">Coastal Command</a> and the Royal Navy's <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> aircraft were using the rockets extensively. </p><p>The first U-boat destroyed with the assistance of a rocket attack was <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-752" title="German submarine U-752"><i>U-752</i></a> (commanded by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kapitän-Leutnant</i></span> Schroeter), on 23 May 1943, by a Swordfish of <a href="/wiki/819_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="819 Naval Air Squadron">819 Naval Air Squadron</a> (819 NAS). The rockets used on this occasion had solid, cast-iron heads and were known as "rocket spears".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of these punched right through the submarine's <a href="/wiki/Pressure_hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure hull">pressure hull</a> and rendered it incapable of diving; the U–boat was scuttled by its crew. On 28 May 1943, an RAF Hudson of <a href="/wiki/No._608_Squadron_RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 608 Squadron RAF">608 Squadron</a> destroyed a U-boat in the Mediterranean, the first destroyed solely by rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_2_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rocket_Attack_2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These rockets were, among other factors, credited with making it too dangerous for the Germans to continue operating their <a href="/wiki/German_Type_VII_submarine#U-flak_"Flak_Traps"" class="mw-redirect" title="German Type VII submarine"><i>Flak</i> U-Boats</a>, which were fitted with heavy anti-aircraft weaponry and acted as escorts for U-boats crossing the Bay of Biscay. </p><p>From then until the end of the Second World War in Europe, Coastal Command and the Fleet Air Arm used the rockets as one of their primary weapons (alongside <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a>, which, to a certain extent they replaced) against shipping and surfaced U-boats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ground-to-ground_use">Ground-to-ground use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ground-to-ground use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the initial bombardment of the landing areas for the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a> June 1944, <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Tank_(Rocket)" title="Landing Craft Tank (Rocket)">Landing Craft Tank (Rocket)</a> each armed with about 1000 RP-3 rockets were used. The LCT(R) fired the rockets in large salvoes of around 40 RP-3 at a time. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4676.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4676.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4676.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4676.jpg/330px-The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4676.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4676.jpg/440px-The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4676.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Rocket-armed <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">Sherman tanks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream Guards</a>, 28 April 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1945, some British <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman tanks</a> were fitted with two or four rails – one or two either side of the turret – to carry 60-pound headed rockets. These were used at the Rhine Crossing by tanks of the 1st <a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream Guards</a>. The tanks were called "Sherman Tulips". The tanks fitted included both conventional Shermans and the more heavily armed <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Firefly" title="Sherman Firefly">Sherman Fireflies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tanks-encyclopedia_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanks-encyclopedia-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modifications were first tried out by two officers of the 1st Armoured Battalion, Coldstream Guards, <a href="/wiki/5th_Guards_Armoured_Brigade" title="5th Guards Armoured Brigade">5th Guards Armoured Brigade</a>, who obtained rockets and launching rails from an RAF base and carried out the first test firings on 17 March 1945. They were inspired after hearing the idea had been earlier tried, but abandoned, by a Canadian reconnaissance unit, the <a href="/wiki/18th_Armoured_Car_Regiment_(12th_Manitoba_Dragoons)" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Armoured Car Regiment (12th Manitoba Dragoons)">18th Armoured Car Regiment (12th Manitoba Dragoons)</a>, who had fitted RP-3 rails to a <a href="/wiki/T17_(armored_car)" class="mw-redirect" title="T17 (armored car)">Staghound Armoured Car</a> in November 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-tanks-encyclopedia_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanks-encyclopedia-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are photos of four such rockets on a <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell</a> cruiser tank, however little is known about it for certain. </p><p>Within a week all the tanks of Number 2 Squadron had been fitted with launch rails, some tanks had two launching rails, others had four. The rails were at fixed elevations and the rockets had fixed ranges either 400 or 800 yards (370 or 730 m).<sup id="cite_ref-tanks-encyclopedia_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanks-encyclopedia-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rockets were highly inaccurate when fired from a tank as they were being fired from a stationary point and had little slipstream over the fins. Despite this, the RP-3 was valued by tank crews for the destructive effect of its 60-pound warhead.<sup id="cite_ref-Fletch_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fletch-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In combat, they were also used for short-range, saturation bombardment of an area and were effective as an immediate counter to German ambushes.<sup id="cite_ref-tanks-encyclopedia_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tanks-encyclopedia-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedish_service">Swedish service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Swedish service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The RP-3 rocket saw use with the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force" title="Swedish Air Force">Swedish Air Force</a> from 1946<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1957_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketmateriel_1957-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sweden had been experimenting with <a href="/wiki/Caseless_ammunition" title="Caseless ammunition">caseless ammunition</a> as a substitute for air-to-ground rockets during WWII as it was thought that caseless ammunition would be cheaper to produce. This however proved false and by the end of the war the Swedish air force had moved to rocket development instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swedish weapons company <a href="/wiki/Bofors" title="Bofors">Bofors</a> had been developing rockets on their own initiative since 1943 but, due to lack of funding, did not have a design by the time the Swedish air force gained interest.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it would take years to develop indigenous rockets for the Swedish air force it was decided to buy rockets from abroad to gain operational experience which could be used in indigenous development. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket.jpg/250px-Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket.jpg/330px-Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket.jpg/500px-Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">Saab B 17A</a> from <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stg%C3%B6ta_Wing" title="Västgöta Wing">Västgöta Wing</a> (F 6 Karlsborg) trialed with <span class="nowrap">RP-3 rockets</span> in May 1946. Tests were successful and the RP-3 was accepted for service as the 8 cm rocket m/46.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>The RP-3 was chosen, and Sweden ordered a batch in 1946 for trials on the <a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">Saab B 17A</a> <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bomber</a> as it was readily available.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In May a B 17A was fitted with rocket mounts for ground trials, and shortly after a <a href="/wiki/Saab_18" title="Saab 18">Saab B 18B</a> was also modified. The first firing trials took place at F 14 Ringenäs (belonging to Halland wing) during July 1946. Twenty six '60 lb Practice' rockets were fired from the B 18B and three from the B 17A. Six '25 lb AP' and '60 lb SAP' rockets each were also fired from the B 17A.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The trials were successful and the RP-3 entered service with the Swedish Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Swedish service the RP-3 and its components were given Swedish Air Force designations.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RP-3 system as a whole was designated "<span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>raket</i> m/46</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RP-3 rocket engines that Sweden acquired were most likely the Mk.4/TH type<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on available photos and descriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were designated <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>raketmotor</i> m/46</span> (8 cm <i>rakmo</i> m/46).<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The square fins were designated <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>fena</i> m/46</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Swedish Air Force adopted four warheads for the RP-3 rocket: the 25 lb AP No.1, 25 lb AP No.2, 60 lb SAP No.2 and 60 lb Practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>25 lb AP No.1 was designated <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>Pansarspets</i> m/46A</span>, (English: "8 cm armour tip model 46A"), in 1951 redesignated to <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>pansarhuvud</i> m/46A</span> (8 cm <i>phu</i> m/46A) (English: "8 cm armour head 46A").<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>25 lb AP No.2 was designated <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>Pansarspets</i> m/46B</span>, redesignated in 1951 to <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>pansarhuvud</i> m/46B</span> (8 cm phu m/46B).<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>60 lb SAP No.2 was designated <i><span class="nowrap">8 cm Sprängspets m/46</span></i>, ("8 cm Explosive tip 46"), in 1951 redesignated to <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>spränghuvud</i> m/46</span> (8 cm shu m/46), ("8 cm explosive head m/46").<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>60 lb Practice was designated <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>Övningsspets</i> m/46</span>, in 1951 redesignated to <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>övningshuvud</i> m/46</span> (8 cm övnhu m/46).<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p><br /> In combination with the engine and square fins these warheads would produce the following rockets:<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>8 cm <i>Pansarraket</i> m/46A redesignated in 1951 as <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>pansarraket</i> m/46A</span> (8 cm prak m/46A).</li> <li>8 cm <i>Pansarraket</i> m/46B redesignated as <span class="nowrap">8 cm <i>pansarraket</i> m/46B</span> (8 cm prak m/46B).</li> <li>8 cm <i>Sprängraket</i> m/46 redesignated as <span class="nowrap">15 cm <i>sprängraket</i> m/46</span> (8 cm srak m/46).</li> <li>8 cm <i>Övningsraket</i> m/46 redesignated as <span class="nowrap">15 cm <i>övningsraket</i> m/46</span> (8 cm övnrak m/46).</li></ul> <p>In 1952 Sweden had developed a whole line of indigenous rockets and started phasing out the RP-3. All models but the <i>8 cm prak m/46B</i> disappeared before 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1953_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketmateriel_1953-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The remaining 8 cm prak m/46B rockets were modified with new sloped fins around 1953. Around 30% of the fin surface area was removed. This decreased the chance of the fins breaking off during launch and also increased accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fins were designated <i><span class="nowrap">8 cm fena m/46C</span></i> and when equipped on the <i><span class="nowrap">8 cm prak m/46B</span></i> the suffix changed to C, then becoming <i><span class="nowrap">8 cm pansarraket m/46C</span> (8 cm prak m/46C)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1953_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketmateriel_1953-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 8 cm prak m/46C remained in service until 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1957_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketmateriel_1957-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During its service life in the Swedish air force the rocket came to serve on several Swedish aircraft. To allow universal usage of the RP-3 the first and second generation of Swedish air-to-ground rockets used the same mounting system as the RP-3.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1953_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketmateriel_1953-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1957_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketmateriel_1957-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force_Coastal_Command,_1939-1945._CH13179_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Royal_Air_Force_Coastal_Command%2C_1939-1945._CH13179_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Royal_Air_Force_Coastal_Command%2C_1939-1945._CH13179_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Royal_Air_Force_Coastal_Command%2C_1939-1945._CH13179_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Royal_Air_Force_Coastal_Command%2C_1939-1945._CH13179_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Royal_Air_Force_Coastal_Command%2C_1939-1945._CH13179_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Royal_Air_Force_Coastal_Command%2C_1939-1945._CH13179_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption><i>Shot, 25 lb, AP, No. 1, Mk. I</i> rockets loaded onto Coastal Command <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Bristol Beaufighter</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:25lb_AP_No_2_rp-3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/25lb_AP_No_2_rp-3.png/220px-25lb_AP_No_2_rp-3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/25lb_AP_No_2_rp-3.png/330px-25lb_AP_No_2_rp-3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/25lb_AP_No_2_rp-3.png/440px-25lb_AP_No_2_rp-3.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Shot, 25 lb, AP, No. 2, Mk. I</i> rockets loaded onto <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquito</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawker_Typhoon_with_RP-3_60_lb_F_rockets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hawker_Typhoon_with_RP-3_60_lb_F_rockets.jpg/220px-Hawker_Typhoon_with_RP-3_60_lb_F_rockets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hawker_Typhoon_with_RP-3_60_lb_F_rockets.jpg/330px-Hawker_Typhoon_with_RP-3_60_lb_F_rockets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hawker_Typhoon_with_RP-3_60_lb_F_rockets.jpg/440px-Hawker_Typhoon_with_RP-3_60_lb_F_rockets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption><i>Shell, HE, 60 lb, "F"., No. 1, Mk. I</i> rockets mounted on <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force-_2nd_Tactical_Air_Force,_1943-1945._CL3839_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Royal_Air_Force-_2nd_Tactical_Air_Force%2C_1943-1945._CL3839_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Royal_Air_Force-_2nd_Tactical_Air_Force%2C_1943-1945._CL3839_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Royal_Air_Force-_2nd_Tactical_Air_Force%2C_1943-1945._CL3839_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Royal_Air_Force-_2nd_Tactical_Air_Force%2C_1943-1945._CL3839_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Royal_Air_Force-_2nd_Tactical_Air_Force%2C_1943-1945._CL3839_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Royal_Air_Force-_2nd_Tactical_Air_Force%2C_1943-1945._CL3839_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption><i>Shell, HE, 60 lb, SAP</i> rockets mounted on Hawker Typhoon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Saab_b17_RP-3_rocket_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption><i>Shell, Practice, Concrete, 60 lb Mk. I</i> rocket mounted on <a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">Saab 17</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warheads">Warheads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Warheads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Shell, 18 lb, HE</dt> <dd>8 kg (17.6 lb) "high-explosive" warhead.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Shot, 25 lb, AP, No. 1, Mk. I</dt> <dd>Armour-piercing warhead made out of hardened steel.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Used against submarines and merchant ships at angles of 15 degrees or greater.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_333_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802_333-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Shot, 25 lb, AP, No. 2, Mk. I</dt> <dd>Improved design over the Shot, 25 lb, AP, No. 2, Mk. I warhead made longer and pointier to increase penetration.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used at angles of attack of less than 15 degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_333_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802_333-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Shot, 25 lb, SAP, Mk. I</dt> <dd>Semi-armour-piercing" warhead; same design as the "Shot, 25 lb, AP, No. 2, Mk. I" but made out of <a href="/wiki/Mild_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mild steel">mild steel</a> and having the spigot fuzed together with the body.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_335_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802_335-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1946 the design was obsolete and only used for advanced training.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_335_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802_335-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Shot, 25 lb, Practice, Concrete, Mk. I</dt> <dd>Practice warhead <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches by 5 inches diameter made out of concrete,<sup id="cite_ref-OP1665_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP1665-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meant to simulate shooting the 25 lb AP and SAP warheads.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_333_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802_333-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Shell, HE, 60 lb, "F"., No. 1, Mk. I</dt> <dd>Fragmentation warhead for use against unarmoured vehicles and personnel. Converted from a 4.5 in (114 mm) <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzer</a> shell with a ("direct action") <i>Fuze, D.A., No. 899, Mk. I</i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fitted to the nose, the whole warhead was 22 in (560 mm) long and weighed 50.5 lb (22.9 kg). The relatively thick wall ( 0.85 inches) and 4 lb (1.8 kg) high explosive (TNT or <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a>/TNT) filling produced "heavy fragments" which inflicted damage at "considerable distance".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OP1665_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP1665-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Shell, HE, 60 lb, SAP</dt> <dd>Semi-armour-piercing high-explosive warhead that existed in four primary variants:<sup id="cite_ref-OP1665_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP1665-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><b>Shell, HE, 60 lb, SAP, No. 1, Mk. I</b></li> <li><b>Shell, HE, 60 lb, SAP, No. 2, Mk. I</b></li> <li><b>Shell, HE, 60 lb, SAP, No. 1, Mk. II</b></li> <li><b>Shell, HE, 60 lb, SAP, No. 2, Mk. II</b></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dd>Variants designated mark 1 (Mk. I) had a shell body that consisted of two parts that were screwed together, a body and a tip.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variants designated mark 2 (Mk. II) had the aforementioned shell body and tip forged together as one piece.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variants designated number 1 (No. 1) were fitted with a time delayed base fuze (<i>Fuze, No. 865, Mk. I</i>) that allowed them to penetrate into a target before detonating.<sup id="cite_ref-OP1665_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP1665-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variants designated number 2 (No. 2) were fitted with a non-delayed base fuze (<i>Fuze, No. 878, Mk. I</i>) which made them detonate almost instantly on impact.<sup id="cite_ref-OP1665_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP1665-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Shell, Practice, Concrete, 60 lb Mk. I</dt> <dd>Practice warhead 20 in long by 6 in diameter formed of concrete over steel reinforcing rods.<sup id="cite_ref-OP1665_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP1665-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Used to simulate shooting the 60 lb SAP/HE warheads. This warhead could also be fitted with the "Smoke container, No. 1, Mk. I", which pressed on over front of the warhead and gave off a smoke signal on impact. The filling was 16 oz (450 g) of <a href="/wiki/Titanium_tetrachloride" title="Titanium tetrachloride">titanium tetrachloride</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Shell, HE, 60 lb, G.P.</dt> <dd>High-explosive general-purpose (<a href="/wiki/HEAT" class="mw-redirect" title="HEAT">Hollow charge</a>) warhead, trials ongoing as of September 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It could penetrate 198 mm (7.8 in) at any range.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyd_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyd-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rocket_engines">Rocket engines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rocket engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The RP-3 rocket engine was updated a number of times during its lifespan, which gave rise to a number of variants. For example, it was necessary to modify the rocket engine's propellant charge in order to be able to use several types of warheads. Initially the rocket engine was only designed to use warheads up to 25 lb (11 kg), but when warheads up to 60 lb (27 kg) were introduced the propellant charge had to be modified in order to use them. Variants capable of carrying warheads up to 60 lb were then given the supplementary designation TH after the mark number.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Aircraft rocket motor, 3 in., No. 1, Mk. 1</dt> <dd>The Mk. 1 engine had a 12.5 lb (5.7 kg) tubular-shaped <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a> propellant charge.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802p19_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802p19-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ignition cables are routed through the tubular propellant charge. This variant was suitable for use with 25 lb solid warheads.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802p19_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802p19-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not suitable for tropical climates (above 80 °F (27 °C))<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802Table22_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802Table22-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Aircraft rocket motor, 3 in., No. 1, Mk. 1/TH</dt> <dd>TH variant of the Mk. 1 engine that could mount solid or shell warheads up to 25 lb. It could likewise not be used in hot climates.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802Table22_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802Table22-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Aircraft rocket motor, 3 in., No. 1, Mk. 2</dt> <dd>The Mk. 2 engine replaced the tubular propellant charge with an 11 lb (5.0 kg) <a href="/wiki/Cruciform" title="Cruciform">cruciform</a> (cross-shaped) propellant charge<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802p19_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802p19-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through a different metal grid. The ignition cables were routed in one of the inner corners of the cruciform propellant-charge. This variant was only capable of mounting 25 lb warheads.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_Ch2_1922_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802_Ch2_1922-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Aircraft rocket motor, 3 in., No. 1, Mk. 2/TH</dt> <dd>TH variant of the Mk. 2 engine that could mount warheads up to 60 lb.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_Ch2_1922_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802_Ch2_1922-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Aircraft rocket motor, 3 in., No. 1, Mk. 3/TH</dt> <dd>The Mk. 3 engine replaced the two-pin ignition plug with a single-pin one<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Aircraft rocket motor, 3 in., No. 1, Mk. 4/TH</dt> <dd>The Mk. 4 engines extended the ignition cables to allow for double hanging, where one RP-3 was mounted below another RP-3.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During storage the extra length of the ignition cables was held in place by loose metal clips in the <a href="/wiki/Nozzle" title="Nozzle">nozzle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison">Comparison</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Comparison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Comparison of complete rounds<sup id="cite_ref-rakettjänst_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rakettjänst-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boyd_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyd-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Warhead </th> <th>Shot, 25 lb,<br /> AP, No. 1 </th> <th>Shot, 25 lb,<br /> AP, No. 2 </th> <th>Shell, HE, <br />60 lb, SAP </th> <th>Shell, P., <br />Concrete, 60 lb </th> <th>Shell, <br />60 lb F </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Warhead diameter </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">88 mm<br />(3.5 in) </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">152 mm<br />(6.0 in) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4.5 in<br />(110 mm) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Warhead length<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align: center;">314 mm<br />(12.4 in) </td> <td>378 mm<br />(14.9 in) </td> <td>553 mm<br />(21.8 in) </td> <td>608 mm<br />(23.9 in) </td> <td>22 in<br />(560 mm) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Warhead weight </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">11.3 kg<br />(25 lb) </td> <td>27.4 kg<br />(60 lb) </td> <td>27.2 kg<br />(60 lb) </td> <td>46.9 lb<br />(21.3 kg) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Explosive charge </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">none </td> <td>6 kg (13 lb) <br /><a href="/wiki/TNT" title="TNT">TNT</a> or Amatol 60/40<sup id="cite_ref-OP1665_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP1665-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>none </td> <td>3 lb (1.4 kg)<br /> TNT or RDX/TNT 60/40 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Engine length </th> <td colspan="5" style="text-align: center;">1,400 mm (4 ft 7 in) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Engine diameter </th> <td colspan="5" style="text-align: center;">82.7 mm (3.26 in) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Width with fins </th> <td colspan="5" style="text-align: center;">336 mm (13.2 in) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Overall length </th> <td>1,639 mm<br />(5 ft 4.5 in) </td> <td>1,703 mm<br />(5 ft 7.0 in) </td> <td>1,880 mm<br />(6 ft 2 in) </td> <td>1,933 mm<br />(6 ft 4.1 in) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center;">Weight of complete rocket<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">28.5 kg (63 lb) </td> <td>44.6 kg (98 lb) </td> <td>44.4 kg (98 lb) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Propellant charge </th> <td colspan="4" style="text-align: center;">5.2 kg (11 lb) <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">Performance </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Propellant burn time<br />at 15 °C (59 °F) </th> <td colspan="4" style="text-align: center;">1.6 s </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Thrust at 15 °C (59 °F) </th> <td colspan="4" style="text-align: center;">800 kgf (1,800 lbf) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Maximum velocity </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">380 m/s (1,200 ft/s) </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">230 m/s (750 ft/s) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Armour penetration </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">88 mm (3.5 in) at 700 yd (640 m)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boyd_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyd-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taken from the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force" title="Swedish Air Force">Swedish Air Force</a> 1950 manual "Bestämmelser för rakettjänst".<sup id="cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See also Boyd<sup id="cite_ref-Boyd_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyd-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP2802_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including spigot which screws into engine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">with 17.2 kg (38 lb) engine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A flight time of 0.89 seconds from aircraft travelling at 350 ft/s (240 mph; 380 km/h)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyd2009_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyd2009-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_use_in_the_Second_World_War">Aircraft use in the Second World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Aircraft use in the Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As well as operational use, a number of aircraft were fitted with RP-3s on an experimental basis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Which of these are experimental and which operational? (September 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RAF_and_Commonwealth_air_forces">RAF and Commonwealth air forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: RAF and Commonwealth air forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing Fortress Mk. II and IIA</a>: (<a href="/wiki/Coastal_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Command">Coastal Command</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Bristol Beaufighter</a> Mk. VI, VIC, X and 20: (Coastal Command, <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a>, Pacific Theatre.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">Consolidated Liberator</a> B. Mk. III, VI: (Coastal Command.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">de Havilland Mosquito</a> F.B. Mk. VI: (Coastal Command, SEAC and RAAF, Pacific Theatre.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a> Mk. IIE & IV: (<a href="/wiki/Desert_Air_Force" title="Desert Air Force">Desert Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Second_Tactical_Air_Force" title="RAF Second Tactical Air Force">RAF Second Tactical Air Force</a>, SEAC.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a> Mk. Ib: (2 TAF.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</a> (<a href="/wiki/USAAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAAF">USAAF</a> used their <a href="/wiki/M8_(rocket)" title="M8 (rocket)">M8</a> for this role instead, 6/aircraft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Vickers Wellington</a> GR Mk. XIV: (Coastal Command)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Navy_Fleet_Air_Arm">Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">Fairey Firefly</a> Mk. I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Swordfish" title="Fairey Swordfish">Fairey Swordfish</a> Mk. II, III</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger">Grumman Tarpon/Avenger</a> Mk. I, II, III</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane_variants#Sea_Hurricanes" title="Hawker Hurricane variants">Hawker Sea Hurricane</a> Mk. IIc (<a href="/wiki/825_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="825 Naval Air Squadron">825 Naval Air Squadron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Sea_Fury" title="Hawker Sea Fury">Hawker Sea Fury</a> <a href="/wiki/807_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="807 Naval Air Squadron">807 Naval Air Squadron</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_use_post_Second_World_War">Aircraft use post Second World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Aircraft use post Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 3-inch RP continued to be used on RAF and RN aircraft in the ground attack role until replaced by the <a href="/wiki/SNEB" title="SNEB">SNEB</a> podded rocket (RAF) and the 2-inch podded RP (RN).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Post war operational use included the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_emergency" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan emergency">Malayan emergency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Suez_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Suez crisis">Suez crisis</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Radfan_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Radfan campaign">Radfan campaign</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RAF_and_Commonwealth_air_forces_2">RAF and Commonwealth air forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: RAF and Commonwealth air forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Brigand" title="Bristol Brigand">Bristol Brigand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Hornet" title="De Havilland Hornet">de Havilland Hornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">de Havilland Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Venom" title="De Havilland Venom">de Havilland Venom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">Gloster Meteor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RAAF,_RAN"><span id="RAAF.2C_RAN"></span>RAAF, RAN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: RAAF, RAN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RP-3 rockets were used by Australian armed forces into the 1970s<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Bristol Beaufighter</li> <li>North American P-51 Mustang</li> <li>de Havilland Vampire</li> <li>Fairey Firefly</li> <li>Gloster Meteor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet" title="Fairey Gannet">Fairey Gannet</a></li> <li>Hawker Sea Fury Mk11</li> <li>de Havilland Sea Venom</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Navy_Fleet_Air_Arm_2">Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Sea_Fury" title="Hawker Sea Fury">Hawker Sea Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Sea_Hawk" title="Hawker Sea Hawk">Hawker Sea Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">Supermarine Attacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">Supermarine Scimitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Sea_Vixen" title="De Havilland Sea Vixen">de Havilland Sea Vixen</a> - up to 24 rockets total on 4 pylons, six per pylon;<sup id="cite_ref-Sea_Vixen_Ground_Attack_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sea_Vixen_Ground_Attack-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Image_7_of_gallery_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Image_7_of_gallery-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedish_Air_Force">Swedish Air Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Swedish Air Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">North American T-6 Texan</a> (Sk 16) - 4 rockets total on 2 pylons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">Saab 17</a> (B 17A) - 4 rockets total on 4 pylons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_18" title="Saab 18">Saab 18</a> (A & T 18B) - 8-12 rockets total on 8-9 pylons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Saab 21">Saab 21</a> (A 21A-3) - 8 rockets total on 2 pylons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_21R" title="Saab 21R">Saab 21R</a> (A 21RA, RB) - 10 rockets total on 1 pylon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">de Havilland Vampire</a> (J 28B, C) - 8 rockets total on 4 pylons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_29_Tunnan" title="Saab 29 Tunnan">Saab 29 Tunnan</a> (J 29A, B, E, F) - 8 rockets total on 8 pylons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_32_Lansen" title="Saab 32 Lansen">Saab 32 Lansen</a> (A 32A) - 12 rockets total on 12 pylons</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M8_(rocket)" title="M8 (rocket)">M8</a> American air-ground barrage rocket, 4.5-inch (110 mm) calibre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Mattress" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Mattress">Land Mattress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Tim_(rocket)" title="Tiny Tim (rocket)">Tiny Tim</a>, an American 11.75-inch (298 mm) calibre, 1,255-pound (569 kg) mass unguided rocket projectile</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The possibility of the Soviets sending a team of engineers to help set up production of these weapons was canvassed in August 1941. The Soviet offer was withdrawn, in spite of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Benedict" title="Operation Benedict">Operation Benedict</a> British efforts at supplying <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricanes</a> and training Soviet aircrew in their use.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In tests carried out by the <a href="/wiki/A%26AEE" class="mw-redirect" title="A&AEE">A&AEE</a>, dispersion (when aimed at a 20-foot (6.1 m) square target) was 13 ft 6 in (4.11 m) at 1,000-foot (300 m) range – equal to 3° to 4° aiming error.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A typical Royal Navy cruiser of the era carried eight to twelve 6-inch guns firing 112-pound (51 kg) projectiles, while a fighter could fire eight 60-pound RP-3 rockets in a single salvo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">also known as "motorized enemy transport", as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_II#Logistics" title="Horses in World War II">"horse-drawn transport"</a> (HDT)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A No. 721 artillery fuze adapted with an arming device and other elements making it safer for aircraft use, the warhead arming itself about 0.7 seconds after launch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The safety instructions advised against firing at less than 600 yd (550 m) range due to the risk to the aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rocket_Attack_1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aeroplane Monthly</i> June 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamsay1990-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamsay1990_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamsay1990">Ramsay 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kingscollections.org/catalogues/lhcma/collection/b/bo58-001">"Bowen, Ivor (1902-1984)"</a>. <i>Liddell Hart Military Archives</i>. King's College London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liddell+Hart+Military+Archives&rft.atitle=Bowen%2C+Ivor+%281902-1984%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkingscollections.org%2Fcatalogues%2Flhcma%2Fcollection%2Fb%2Fbo58-001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 2, paragraph 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rakettjänst-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rakettjänst_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rakettjänst_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rakettjänst_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rakettjänst_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bestämmelser för rakettjänst</i>, p2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 3, paragraph 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2802-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>AP 2802A volume 1: Aircraft rocket installations, sighting and ammunition, 1946-12-12 edition</i>. Royal Air Force. 1946.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AP+2802A+volume+1%3A+Aircraft+rocket+installations%2C+sighting+and+ammunition%2C+1946-12-12+edition&rft.pub=Royal+Air+Force&rft.date=1946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 2, paragraph 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rocket_Attack_2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rocket_Attack_2_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aeroplane Monthly</i> July 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app4/35in-rockets.html">3.5 in FFAR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app4/5in-rockets.html">5 in FFAR and HVAR</a> Retrieved 6 March 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurakowskiSala1960" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Burakowski, Tadeusz; Sala, Aleksander (1960). <i>Rakiety i pociski kierowane – Zastosowania</i> [<i>Rockets and guided missiles</i>] (in Polish). Vol. I. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej (Ministry Of National Defense Publishing House). pp. <span class="nowrap">556–</span>557.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rakiety+i+pociski+kierowane+%E2%80%93+Zastosowania&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E556-%3C%2Fspan%3E557&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Ministerstwa+Obrony+Narodowej+%28Ministry+Of+National+Defense+Publishing+House%29&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Burakowski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rft.au=Sala%2C+Aleksander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.429sqn.ca/acmgs.htm">"Reflector and Gyroscopic Gunsights used in WWII aircraft"</a>, <i>429 sqn RCAF Research</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=429+sqn+RCAF+Research&rft.atitle=Reflector+and+Gyroscopic+Gunsights+used+in+WWII+aircraft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.429sqn.ca%2Facmgs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shores_and_Thomas-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shores_and_Thomas_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shores_and_Thomas_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shores_and_Thomas_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shores & Thomas 2005, pages 245-250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerriot2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Herriot, David (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/Research/RAF-Historical-Society-Journals/Journal_45_Seminar_conventional_weapons.pdf">"A History Of Air-To-Surface Rocket Systems"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal</i>. No. 45. p. 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royal+Air+Force+Historical+Society+Journal&rft.atitle=A+History+Of+Air-To-Surface+Rocket+Systems&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=100&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Herriot&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafmuseum.org.uk%2Fdocuments%2FResearch%2FRAF-Historical-Society-Journals%2FJournal_45_Seminar_conventional_weapons.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald Pawle, <i>The Wheezers & Dodgers</i>, Seaforth Publishing 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-026-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-026-0">978-1-84832-026-0</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2017)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tanks-encyclopedia-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tanks-encyclopedia_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tanks-encyclopedia_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tanks-encyclopedia_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tanks-encyclopedia_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoore2016" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Craig (28 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/gb/Sherman-Tulip.php">"Sherman Tulip Rocket Firing Tanks"</a>. <i>www.tanks-encyclopedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tanks-encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Sherman+Tulip+Rocket+Firing+Tanks&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tanks-encyclopedia.com%2Fww2%2Fgb%2FSherman-Tulip.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fletch-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fletch_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFletcher2008" class="citation book cs1">Fletcher, David (2008). <i>Sherman Firefly</i>. New Vanguard 141. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-277-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-277-6"><bdi>978-1-84603-277-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherman+Firefly&rft.series=New+Vanguard+141&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-277-6&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raketbeväpning-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketbeväpning_22-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSjögren" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sjögren, Sven. <i>Raketbeväpning i svenska flygvapnet, FV raketbeväpning 1944-1954</i> [<i>Rocket-armament in the Swedish air force, AF rocket-armament 1944-1954</i>] (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden: Kungliga Flygförvaltningen (Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration). p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raketbev%C3%A4pning+i+svenska+flygvapnet%2C+FV+raketbev%C3%A4pning+1944-1954&rft.place=Stockholm%2C+Sweden&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Kungliga+Flygf%C3%B6rvaltningen+%28Royal+Swedish+Air+Force+Materiel+Administration%29&rft.aulast=Sj%C3%B6gren&rft.aufirst=Sven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raketmateriel_1957-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1957_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1957_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1957_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Flygvapnets raketmateriel, 1957 års upplaga</i> [<i>The Air Force's rocket-ordnance, 1957 edition</i>] (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden: Kungliga Flygförvaltningen (Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration). 1957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flygvapnets+raketmateriel%2C+1957+%C3%A5rs+upplaga&rft.place=Stockholm%2C+Sweden&rft.pub=Kungliga+Flygf%C3%B6rvaltningen+%28Royal+Swedish+Air+Force+Materiel+Administration%29&rft.date=1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raketmateriel_1953-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1953_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1953_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raketmateriel_1953_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Flygvapnets raketmateriel, 1953 års upplaga</i> [<i>The Air Force's rocket-ordnance, 1953 edition</i>] (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden: Kungliga Flygförvaltningen (Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration). 1953.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flygvapnets+raketmateriel%2C+1953+%C3%A5rs+upplaga&rft.place=Stockholm%2C+Sweden&rft.pub=Kungliga+Flygf%C3%B6rvaltningen+%28Royal+Swedish+Air+Force+Materiel+Administration%29&rft.date=1953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2802_333-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_333_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_333_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_333_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 3, paragraph 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2802_335-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_335_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_335_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 3, paragraph 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OP1665-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OP1665_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP1665_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP1665_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP1665_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP1665_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP1665_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OP1665_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">OP 1665</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Chapter 6 para 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Chapter 6 para 3-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 4, paragraph 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 4, paragraph 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 4, paragraph 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 4, paragraph 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 5, paragraph 2-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyd-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boyd_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyd_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyd_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyd_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyd, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 2, para 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2802p19-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802p19_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802p19_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802p19_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 2, paragraph 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2802Table22-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802Table22_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802Table22_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 2, 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2802_Ch2_1922-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_Ch2_1922_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP2802_Ch2_1922_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 2 paragraph 19-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AP2802 Section 3 Chapter 2 paragraph 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyd2009-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyd2009_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyd2009">Boyd 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defence.gov.au/UXO/What/Docs/Rocket3in60lbRev02.pdf">"Ordnance Information Sheet: Air-Launched Rocket - 3 Inch/60 Pound"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Defence Unexploded Ordnance Website</i> (Rev 02. ed.), Australian Government, March 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defence+Unexploded+Ordnance+Website&rft.atitle=Ordnance+Information+Sheet%3A+Air-Launched+Rocket+-+3+Inch%2F60+Pound&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defence.gov.au%2FUXO%2FWhat%2FDocs%2FRocket3in60lbRev02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sea_Vixen_Ground_Attack-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sea_Vixen_Ground_Attack_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seavixen.org/seavixen-operational-roles/ground-attack">"Sea Vixen Operational Roles: Ground Attack"</a>. <i>Sea Vixen</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sea+Vixen&rft.atitle=Sea+Vixen+Operational+Roles%3A+Ground+Attack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seavixen.org%2Fseavixen-operational-roles%2Fground-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Image_7_of_gallery-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Image_7_of_gallery_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baesystems.com/en/heritage/de-havilland-dh110-sea-vixen">"De Havilland's twin-boom, twin-engine jet fighter for the Fleet Air Arm"</a>. <i>www.baesystems.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baesystems.com&rft.atitle=De+Havilland%27s+twin-boom%2C+twin-engine+jet+fighter+for+the+Fleet+Air+Arm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baesystems.com%2Fen%2Fheritage%2Fde-havilland-dh110-sea-vixen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-3&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulletpicker.com/pdf/AP%202802%20Vol%201,%20Aircraft%20Rocket%20Installations,%20Sighting,%20and%20Ammunition.pdf"><i>A.P. 2802A: Aircraft rocket installations, sighting and ammunition (RAF)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. I. Royal Air Force. July 1944. <q>Amended to 12 December 1946</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A.P.+2802A%3A+Aircraft+rocket+installations%2C+sighting+and+ammunition+%28RAF%29&rft.pub=Royal+Air+Force&rft.date=1944-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulletpicker.com%2Fpdf%2FAP%25202802%2520Vol%25201%2C%2520Aircraft%2520Rocket%2520Installations%2C%2520Sighting%2C%2520and%2520Ammunition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Bestämmelser för rakettjänst</i> [<i>Provisions for rocket-use</i>] (in Swedish). Stockholm, Sweden: Kungliga Flygförvaltningen (Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration). 1950.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Best%C3%A4mmelser+f%C3%B6r+rakettj%C3%A4nst&rft.place=Stockholm%2C+Sweden&rft.pub=Kungliga+Flygf%C3%B6rvaltningen+%28Royal+Swedish+Air+Force+Materiel+Administration%29&rft.date=1950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBone2022" class="citation journal cs1">Bone, Matt (October 2022). "Hell's Teeth: The Hawker Typhoon & the RP-3 Rocket Projectile". <i>The Aviation Historian</i> (41): <span class="nowrap">38–</span>47. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2051-1930">2051-1930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Aviation+Historian&rft.atitle=Hell%27s+Teeth%3A+The+Hawker+Typhoon+%26+the+RP-3+Rocket+Projectile&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E38-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.date=2022-10&rft.issn=2051-1930&rft.aulast=Bone&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2009" class="citation cs2">Boyd, David (1 January 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwiiequipment.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98:airborne-rockets-used-by-the-british-during-wwii&catid=44:gunsrockets&Itemid=60">"Airborne Rockets Used By the British During WWII"</a>, <i>WWII Equipment</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WWII+Equipment&rft.atitle=Airborne+Rockets+Used+By+the+British+During+WWII&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwiiequipment.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D98%3Aairborne-rockets-used-by-the-british-during-wwii%26catid%3D44%3Agunsrockets%26Itemid%3D60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michaelhiske.de/Allierte/USA/OrdnancePamphlets/OP1665/Part03/Chapter02/Figure190.htm">Ordnance Pamphlet 1665 British Explosive Ordnance Part 3 - Chapter 2 High-Explosive Rockets 3-in. Aircraft Rocket (Service)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamsay1990" class="citation book cs1">Ramsay, Winston, ed. (1990). <i>The Blitz Then and Now</i>. Vol. III. London: Battle of Britain Prints International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900913-58-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-900913-58-4"><bdi>0-900913-58-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blitz+Then+and+Now&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Battle+of+Britain+Prints+International&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-900913-58-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShoresThomas2005" class="citation book cs1">Shores, Christopher; Thomas, Chris (2005). <i>Second Tactical Air Force: Breakout to Bodenplatte July 1944 to January 1945</i>. Vol. II. Hersham: Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903223-41-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-903223-41-5"><bdi>1-903223-41-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+Tactical+Air+Force%3A+Breakout+to+Bodenplatte+July+1944+to+January+1945&rft.place=Hersham&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-903223-41-5&rft.aulast=Shores&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWebb1995" class="citation cs2">Webb, Derek Collier (June 1995), "Rocket Attack part 1", <i>Aeroplane Monthly</i>, vol. 23, no. 6, Issue No 266</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aeroplane+Monthly&rft.atitle=Rocket+Attack+part+1&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=Issue+No+266&rft.date=1995-06&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Derek+Collier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWebb1995" class="citation cs2">Webb, Derek Collier (July 1995), "Rocket Attack part 2", <i>Aeroplane Monthly</i>, vol. 23, no. 7, Issue No 267</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aeroplane+Monthly&rft.atitle=Rocket+Attack+part+2&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=Issue+No+267&rft.date=1995-07&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Derek+Collier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARP-3" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 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II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Machine guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">.303 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_K_machine_gun" title="Vickers K machine gun">Vickers K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">.50 Browning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cannon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_HS.404" title="Hispano-Suiza HS.404">Hispano-Suiza HS.404</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RP-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Heavy guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers S">Vickers S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_6-pounder#Molins_gun" title="Ordnance QF 6-pounder">Molins 6-pounder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bombs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_bomb" 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