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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1451</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 149 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1451 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1451 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B5%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۴۵۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۴۵۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A7" title="১৪৫১ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৪৫১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১৪৫১ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৪৫১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451." title="1451. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1451." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1451 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1451 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1451 шо – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1451 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A4%D9%A5%D9%A1" title="١٤٥١ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٤٥١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B5%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۴۵۱ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۴۵۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451%E5%B9%B4" title="1451年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1451年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="१४५१ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१४५१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451." title="1451. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1451." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1451 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1451 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451%E5%B9%B4" title="1451年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1451年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1451 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1451 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451%EB%85%84" title="1451년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1451년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1451" title="Joohr 1451 – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1451" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_m." title="1451 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1451 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451._gads" title="1451. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1451. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="१४५१ – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१४५१" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १४५१ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १४५१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_%D0%B8" title="1451 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1451 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%84%E1%81%85%E1%81%81" title="၁၄၅၁ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၄၅၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B5%DB%B1" title="۱۴۵۱ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۴۵۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="सन् १४५१ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १४५१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%AB%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୪୫୧ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୪୫୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1451-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1451-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="१४५१ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१४५१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1451 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1451 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A7" title="१४५१ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१४५१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451%D8%B9" title="1451ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1451ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451." title="1451. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1451." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1451" title="Соли 1451 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1451" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1994" title="พ.ศ. 1994 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1994" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1451 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1451 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451%D8%A1" title="1451ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1451ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451%E5%B9%B4" title="1451年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1451年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451" title="1451 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1451" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451%E5%B9%B4" title="1451年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1451年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451_n%C3%AE" title="1451 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1451 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1451%E5%B9%B4" title="1451年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1451年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6455#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1451" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:1451" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet 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noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sarayi_Album_145ba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sarayi_Album_145ba.jpg/220px-Sarayi_Album_145ba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sarayi_Album_145ba.jpg/330px-Sarayi_Album_145ba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sarayi_Album_145ba.jpg/440px-Sarayi_Album_145ba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="642" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><a href="/wiki/18_f%C3%A9vrier" title="18 février">18 février</a> : second sultanat de <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1448" title="1448">1448</a> <a href="/wiki/1449" title="1449">1449</a> <a href="/wiki/1450" title="1450">1450</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1451</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1452" title="1452">1452</a> <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> <a href="/wiki/1454" title="1454">1454</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1420" title="Années 1420">1420</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1430" title="Années 1430">1430</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1440" title="Années 1440">1440</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1450" title="Années 1450">1450</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1460" title="Années 1460">1460</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1470" title="Années 1470">1470</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1480" title="Années 1480">1480</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle">XIII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle">XIV<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle">XV<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XVIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIe siècle">XVI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIe siècle">XVII<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r223867407">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border:1px var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-style:solid;margin-bottom:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{min-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#efefef;color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavContent{display:block;margin:0;text-align:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{padding:2px;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavPic{padding:2px;float:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavEnd{height:0;clear:both}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}</style><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451_en_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 en art (page inexistante)">Art</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451_en_arts_plastiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 en arts plastiques (page inexistante)">Arts plastiques</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1451_en_dessin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 en dessin (page inexistante)">Dessin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1451_en_gravure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 en gravure (page inexistante)">Gravure</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1451_en_peinture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 en peinture (page inexistante)">Peinture</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1451_en_sculpture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 en sculpture (page inexistante)">Sculpture</a>)</small>, <small>()</small>, <small>()</small>, <a href="/wiki/1451_en_litt%C3%A9rature" title="1451 en littérature">Littérature</a> <small>()</small> et Musique <small>(<a href="/wiki/1451_en_musique_classique" title="1451 en musique classique">Classique</a>)</small> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>(,)</small> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451_en_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1451 en science (page inexistante)">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1451_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1451 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1451&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1451</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_vendredi" title="Année commune commençant un vendredi">commence un vendredi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7_janvier" title="7 janvier">7 janvier</a> : bulle du pape <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_V" title="Nicolas V">Nicolas V</a> autorisant la fondation de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Glasgow" title="Université de Glasgow">université de Glasgow</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_janvier" title="27 janvier">27 janvier</a> : traité de Pforte (abbaye près de <a href="/wiki/Naumbourg_(Saale)" title="Naumbourg (Saale)">Naumbourg</a>). Fin de la guerre fratricide de Saxe entre <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_II_de_Saxe" title="Frédéric II de Saxe">Frédéric II</a> et Guillaume II<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_janvier" title="31 janvier">31 janvier</a> : <a href="/wiki/Casimir_IV_Jagellon" title="Casimir IV Jagellon">Casimir de Pologne</a> confirme l'autorité du <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_primats_de_l%27%C3%89glise_orthodoxe_russe" title="Liste des primats de l'Église orthodoxe russe">métropolite de Moscou</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonas_(m%C3%A9tropolite_de_Moscou)" title="Jonas (métropolite de Moscou)">Jonas</a> sur ses terres<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_f%C3%A9vrier" title="18 février">18 février</a> : début du second sultanat ottoman de <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II al Fatih</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1481" title="1481">1481</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il mène une politique belliciste.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19_avril" title="19 avril">19 avril</a> : début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Bahlul_Lodi" title="Bahlul Lodi">Bahlul Lodi</a>, premier roi Pathan de <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1489" title="1489">1489</a>). Gouverneur afghan du <a href="/wiki/Pendjab" title="Pendjab">Pendjab</a>, il détrône le <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi" title="Sultanat de Delhi">sultan de Delhi</a> ‘<a href="/wiki/Alam_Shah_Sayyud" class="mw-redirect" title="Alam Shah Sayyud">Alam Shah Sayyud</a> et fonde la <a href="/wiki/Dynastie_des_Lodi" title="Dynastie des Lodi">dynastie des Lodi</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1526" title="1526">1526</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_avril" title="30 avril">30 avril</a> : décret du synode de <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a>, réuni à l’instigation du légat du pape <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Cuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas de Cuse">Nicolas de Cuse</a>. Il impose aux <a href="/wiki/Juifs" title="Juifs">Juifs</a> le port de signes distinctifs humiliant et leur interdit le commerce d’argent<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12_juin" title="12 juin">12 juin</a> : signature du traité de capitulation de <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> conclu entre les représentants du <a href="/wiki/Roi_de_France" title="Roi de France">roi de France</a> et ceux du <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des rois d'Angleterre">roi d'Angleterre</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bochaca_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bochaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_juin" title="20 juin">20 juin</a> : <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles VII de France">Charles VII</a> ratifie le traité de capitulation de <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bochaca_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bochaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_juin" title="21 juin">21</a> ou <a href="/wiki/22_juin" title="22 juin">22 juin</a> : en <a href="/wiki/Transoxiane" title="Transoxiane">Transoxiane</a>, le sultan <a href="/wiki/Timourides" class="mw-redirect" title="Timourides">timouride</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_(Timourides)" title="Abd Allah (Timourides)">Abd Allah</a> est battu et tué par <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%C3%AFd_(Timourides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Saïd (Timourides)">Abu Saïd</a>, un autre timouride (fin de règne en <a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_juillet" title="2 juillet">2 juillet</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Moscou" title="Moscou">Moscou</a> : les contingents mongols de <a href="/wiki/Vassili_II_de_Russie" class="mw-redirect" title="Vassili II de Russie">Vassili II de Moscou</a> l’aident à repousser les assauts des hordes de <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Sarai_Berke" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarai Berke">Saraï</a> et du <a href="/wiki/Dniepr" title="Dniepr">Dniepr</a> contre la <a href="/wiki/Grande-principaut%C3%A9_de_Moscou" title="Grande-principauté de Moscou">Moscovie</a>. Le khan Ahmed de la <a href="/wiki/Horde_d%27or" title="Horde d'or">Horde d'or</a> fait de vaines tentatives contre Moscou, qui refuse de payer tribut, en 1451, <a href="/wiki/1455" title="1455">1455</a> et <a href="/wiki/1461" title="1461">1461</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_juillet" title="31 juillet">31 juillet</a> : après avoir entendu le Grand Conseil, le roi <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles VII de France">Charles VII</a>, au château de <a href="/wiki/Taillebourg_(Charente-Maritime)" title="Taillebourg (Charente-Maritime)">Taillebourg</a> près de <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Saint-Jean-d'Angély">Saint-Jean-d'Angély</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>), décide d'imputer à <a href="/wiki/Jacques_C%C5%93ur" title="Jacques Cœur">Jacques Cœur</a>, soupçonné d’avoir empoisonné <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Sorel" title="Agnès Sorel">Agnès Sorel</a>, le crime de lèse-majesté, ce qui a pour conséquence l'arrestation immédiate du Grand Argentier, astreint à tenir prison fermée, et entraîne la mise sous séquestre de ses biens<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_ao%C3%BBt" title="2 août">2 août</a> : le <a href="/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Luxembourg" title="Duché de Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> passe à la <a href="/wiki/Philippe_III_de_Bourgogne" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe III de Bourgogne">maison de Bourgogne</a> à la mort d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_de_Goerlitz" title="Élisabeth de Goerlitz">Élisabeth de Goerlitz</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_ao%C3%BBt" title="15 août">15 août</a> : la <a href="/wiki/Canton_de_Saint-Gall" title="Canton de Saint-Gall">principauté abbatiale de Saint-Gall</a> devient pays allié avec la <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_des_VIII_cantons" title="Confédération des VIII cantons">Confédération suisse</a> par un traité de <a href="/wiki/Combourgeoisie" title="Combourgeoisie">combourgeoisie</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_ao%C3%BBt" title="20 août">20 août</a> : les troupes françaises prennent <a href="/wiki/Bayonne" title="Bayonne">Bayonne</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_septembre" title="10 septembre">10 septembre</a> : traité entre <a href="/wiki/Venise" title="Venise">Venise</a> et l’<a href="/wiki/Empire_ottoman" title="Empire ottoman">Empire ottoman</a><sup id="cite_ref-Singh_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_octobre" title="10 octobre">10 octobre</a> : le pape <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_V" title="Nicolas V">Nicolas V</a> insiste auprès de l’empereur byzantin sur la nécessité de réaliser effectivement l’union des Églises proclamée à <a href="/wiki/Concile_de_B%C3%A2le-Ferrare-Florence-Rome" title="Concile de Bâle-Ferrare-Florence-Rome">Florence</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_octobre" title="14 octobre">14 octobre</a> : le baron Ulrich Eyzinger constitue la ligue de Mailberg<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Hunyadi" title="Jean Hunyadi">Jean Hunyadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_Podiebrady" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges de Podiebrady">Georges de Podiebrady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haute-Autriche" title="Haute-Autriche">Haute-Autriche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravie" title="Moravie">Moravie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basse-Autriche" title="Basse-Autriche">Basse-Autriche</a>) et exige de <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_III_du_Saint-Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric III du Saint-Empire">Frédéric III de Habsbourg</a> qu’il lui livre le jeune <a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Ier_de_Boh%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladislas Ier de Bohême">Ladislav le Posthume</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_octobre" title="16 octobre">16 octobre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_II_Mu%C5%9Fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogdan II Muşat">Bogdan II de Moldavie</a> est décapité par les partisans de <a href="/wiki/Pierre_III_Aron" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre III Aron">Pierre Aron</a>, prétendant au trône appuyé par les Polonais<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sa veuve et ses enfants, accompagnés du futur <a href="/wiki/Vlad_Tepes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlad Tepes">Vlad l’Empaleur</a>, se réfugient en <a href="/wiki/Transylvanie_historique" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvanie historique">Transylvanie</a>. Bogdan II est le cinquième prince moldave assassiné en quinze ans. Pierre Aron devient prince de <a href="/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_Moldavie" title="Principauté de Moldavie">Moldavie</a> jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1452" title="1452">1452</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_novembre" title="20 novembre">20 novembre</a> : <ul><li>Trêve de trois ans entre la <a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a> et l’<a href="/wiki/Empire_ottoman" title="Empire ottoman">Empire ottoman</a> qui prépare le <a href="/wiki/Chute_de_Constantinople" title="Chute de Constantinople">siège de Constantinople</a><sup id="cite_ref-Singh_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Bulle du pape <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_V" title="Nicolas V">Nicolas V</a> permettant d’examiner la vie des <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_chr%C3%A9tien" title="Nouveau chrétien">conversos</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1451"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1451" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1451">Naissances en 1451</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1451" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1451"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1451" title="Naissance en 1451">Naissance en 1451</a>.</div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/22_avril" title="22 avril">22 avril</a> : <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Ire_de_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabelle Ire de Castille">Isabelle</a>, reine de Castille.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_mai" title="2 mai">2 mai</a> : <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_II_de_Lorraine" title="René II de Lorraine">René II de Lorraine</a>, duc de Lorraine.</li> <li>Entre le <a href="/wiki/25_ao%C3%BBt" title="25 août">25 août</a> et le <a href="/wiki/31_octobre" title="31 octobre">31 octobre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Colomb" title="Christophe Colomb">Christophe Colomb</a>, « découvreur » de l'Amérique († <a href="/wiki/1506" title="1506">1506</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1451"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1451"></span><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1451" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1451">Décès en 1451</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1451" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1451"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1451" title="Décès en 1451">Décès en 1451</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cleland1816"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_Cleland1816">James Cleland, <cite class="italique">Annals of Glasgow</cite>, Glasgow, James Hedderwick, <time>1816</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=paYHAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA76">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+of+Glasgow&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=James+Hedderwick&rft.aulast=Cleland&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="SchelerWeick1846"><span class="ouvrage" id="Auguste_SchelerWilderich_Weick1846">Auguste Scheler et Wilderich Weick, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la maison de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha</cite>, Raes, <time>1846</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=sPI-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA102">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+maison+de+Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha&rft.pub=Raes&rft.aulast=Scheler&rft.aufirst=Auguste&rft.au=Wilderich+Weick&rft.date=1846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierling"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Pierling">Paul Pierling, <cite class="italique">La Russie et le Saint-Siège. études diplomatiques. Tome 1 : Les Russes au Concile de Florence. Mariage d'un Tsar au Vatican. Les papes Médicis et Vasili III. Mystification et projets d'ambassade</cite>, Elibron.com <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4212-4662-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4212-4662-8"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4212-4662-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=bBHiqtWPmWoC&pg=PA67">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Russie+et+le+Saint-Si%C3%A8ge.+%C3%A9tudes+diplomatiques.+Tome+1+%3A+Les+Russes+au+Concile+de+Florence.+Mariage+d%27un+Tsar+au+Vatican.+Les+papes+M%C3%A9dicis+et+Vasili+III.+Mystification+et+projets+d%27ambassade&rft.pub=Elibron.com&rft.aulast=Pierling&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.isbn=978-1-4212-4662-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Shaw1976"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stanford_J._Shaw1976">Stanford J. Shaw, <cite class="italique">History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, Volume 1</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>1976</time>, 368 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-29163-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-29163-7"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-29163-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=E9-YfgVZDBkC&pg=PA55">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+modern+Turkey%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Stanford+J.&rft.date=1976&rft.tpages=368&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29163-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Syed2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="M.H._Syed2004">M.H. Syed, <cite class="italique">History of Delhi Sultanate</cite>, Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., <time>2004</time>, 516 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-261-1830-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-261-1830-4"><span class="nowrap">978-81-261-1830-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=TUgnB5v9IucC&pg=PA169">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Delhi+Sultanate&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications+PVT.+LTD.&rft.aulast=Syed&rft.aufirst=M.H.&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=516&rft.isbn=978-81-261-1830-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vansteenberghe1963"><span class="ouvrage" id="Edmond_Vansteenberghe1963"><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Vansteenberghe" title="Edmond Vansteenberghe">Edmond Vansteenberghe</a>, <cite class="italique">Le cardinal Nicolas de Cues (1401-1464) : l'action : la pensée</cite>, Minerva GMBH, <time>1963</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=l6xA4WYnGYkC&pg=PA134">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+cardinal+Nicolas+de+Cues+%281401-1464%29&rft.pub=Minerva+GMBH&rft.stitle=l%27action+%3A+la+pens%C3%A9e&rft.aulast=Vansteenberghe&rft.aufirst=Edmond&rft.date=1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bochaca-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bochaca_7-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Bochaca_7-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bochaca1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michel_Bochaca1997">Michel Bochaca, <cite class="italique">La banlieue de Bordeaux : formation d'une juridiction municipale suburbaine, vers 1250-vers 1550</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Editions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1997</time>, 197 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-5263-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-5263-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-5263-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=u578KYWNdZMC&pg=PA99">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+banlieue+de+Bordeaux+%3A+formation+d%27une+juridiction+municipale+suburbaine%2C+vers+1250-vers+1550&rft.pub=Editions+L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Bochaca&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=197&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-5263-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Forbes_Manz2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beatrice_Forbes_Manz2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Beatrice Forbes Manz, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Power, politics and religion in Timurid Iran</cite>, Cambridge (GB)/New York, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2007</time>, 313 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-86547-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-86547-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-86547-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=BfkpHz9q_RMC&pg=PR17">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power%2C+politics+and+religion+in+Timurid+Iran&rft.place=Cambridge+%28GB%29%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.au=Beatrice+Forbes+Manz&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=313&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86547-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Steeves1988"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_D._Steeves1988">Paul D. Steeves, <cite class="italique">The Modern encyclopedia of religions in Russia and the Soviet Union, Volume 7</cite>, Academic International Press, <time>1988</time>, 244 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-87569-106-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-87569-106-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-87569-106-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=WGnXAAAAMAAJ&q=1451">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+encyclopedia+of+religions+in+Russia+and+the+Soviet+Union%2C+Volume+7&rft.pub=Academic+International+Press&rft.aulast=Steeves&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.&rft.date=1988&rft.tpages=244&rft.isbn=978-0-87569-106-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="AutyObolensky9780521280389"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_AutyDimitri_Obolensky9780521280389">Robert Auty et Dimitri Obolensky, <cite class="italique">Companion to Russian Studies : An Introduction to Russian History</cite>, 1981, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>9780521280389</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=D0iVBLGd9xEC&pg=PA90">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Companion+to+Russian+Studies&rft.place=1981&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=An+Introduction+to+Russian+History&rft.aulast=Auty&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Dimitri+Obolensky&rft.date=9780521280389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Clément1866"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Clément1866">Pierre Clément, <cite class="italique">Jacques Cœur et Charles VII : l'administration, les finances, l'industrie, le commerce, les lettres et les arts au <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle; étude historique précédée d'une notice sur la valeur des anciennes monnaies françaises</cite>, Didier et cie, <time>1866</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=NeQAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA256">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacques+C%C5%93ur+et+Charles+VII+%3A+l%27administration%2C+les+finances%2C+l%27industrie%2C+le+commerce%2C+les+lettres+et+les+arts+au+XVe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle%3B+%C3%A9tude+historique+pr%C3%A9c%C3%A9d%C3%A9e+d%27une+notice+sur+la+valeur+des+anciennes+monnaies+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.pub=Didier+et+cie&rft.aulast=Cl%C3%A9ment&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=1866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Delhaye1869"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lucien_Delhaye1869">Lucien Delhaye, <cite class="italique">Bavay et la contrée qui l'environne</cite>, Dechristé, <time>1869</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=u_2aZC7-QAcC&pg=PA187">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bavay+et+la+contr%C3%A9e+qui+l%27environne&rft.pub=Dechrist%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Delhaye&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft.date=1869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Morin1856"><span class="ouvrage" id="Antoine_Morin1856">Antoine Morin, <cite class="italique">Précis de l'histoire politique de la Suisse : depuis l'origine de la Confédération jusqu'à nos jours, Volume 1</cite>, J. Cherbuliez, <time>1856</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=fUgPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA399">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pr%C3%A9cis+de+l%27histoire+politique+de+la+Suisse+%3A+depuis+l%27origine+de+la+Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+jusqu%27%C3%A0+nos+jours%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=J.+Cherbuliez&rft.aulast=Morin&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft.date=1856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1867"><cite class="italique">Annuaire de la Société française de numismatique et d 'archéologie, Volume 1</cite>, Société française de numismatique, <time>1867</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=DdRLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA210">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuaire+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+fran%C3%A7aise+de+numismatique+et+d+%27arch%C3%A9ologie%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+fran%C3%A7aise+de+numismatique&rft.date=1867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Singh_15-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_15-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kr_Singh2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nagendra_Kr_Singh2002">Nagendra Kr Singh, <cite class="italique">International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties</cite>, Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., <time>2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-81-261-0403-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-81-261-0403-1"><span class="nowrap">978-81-261-0403-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=yJKf7J6qyxkC&pg=PA549">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+encyclopaedia+of+Islamic+dynasties&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications+PVT.+LTD.&rft.au=Nagendra+Kr+Singh&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-261-0403-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1953"><cite class="italique">Byzantinoslavica, Volume 14</cite>, Academia, <time>1953</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=QBJMAAAAYAAJ&q=10+Octobre">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantinoslavica%2C+Volume+14&rft.pub=Academia&rft.date=1953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wiesflecker1971"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hermann_Wiesflecker1971">Hermann Wiesflecker, <cite class="italique">Kaiser Maximilian I. Volume 5 : das Reich, Österreich und Europa an der Wende zur Neuzeit</cite>, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, <time>1971</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-7028-0051-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-7028-0051-2"><span class="nowrap">978-3-7028-0051-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=QJwkQ4_FABoC&pg=PA57">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kaiser+Maximilian+I.+Volume+5+%3A+das+Reich%2C+%C3%96sterreich+und+Europa+an+der+Wende+zur+Neuzeit&rft.pub=Oldenbourg+Wissenschaftsverlag&rft.aulast=Wiesflecker&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-3-7028-0051-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Iorga1940"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicolae_Iorga1940">Nicolae Iorga, <cite class="italique">Histoire des Roumains et de la Romanité orientale, Volume 4</cite>, E. Leroux, <time>1940</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=qU0XAAAAIAAJ&q=1451">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+Roumains+et+de+la+Romanit%C3%A9+orientale%2C+Volume+4&rft.pub=E.+Leroux&rft.aulast=Iorga&rft.aufirst=Nicolae&rft.date=1940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Edwards2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Edwards2000">John Edwards, <cite class="italique">The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474-1520</cite>, Wiley-Blackwellieu, <time>2000</time>, 340 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-631-22143-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-631-22143-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-631-22143-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=aIPz-a0v2oMC&pg=PA79">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spain+of+the+Catholic+Monarchs%2C+1474-1520&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwellieu&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=340&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22143-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emilio_Taviani1980"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paolo_Emilio_Taviani1980">Paolo Emilio Taviani, <cite class="italique">Christophe Colomb : genèse de la grande découverte, Volume 1</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Atlas" title="Éditions Atlas">Éditions Atlas</a>, <time>1980</time>, 595 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7312-0039-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7312-0039-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7312-0039-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=1JB1AAAAMAAJ&q=1451">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christophe+Colomb+%3A+gen%C3%A8se+de+la+grande+d%C3%A9couverte%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Atlas&rft.au=Paolo+Emilio+Taviani&rft.date=1980&rft.tpages=595&rft.isbn=978-2-7312-0039-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1451"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1451&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1451/">L’année 1451</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_tardif" title="Portail du Moyen Âge tardif"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg/40px-John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg/60px-John_duke_of_burgundy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="489" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_tardif" title="Portail:Moyen Âge tardif">Portail du Moyen Âge tardif</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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