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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1905–1975)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Earl W. Brydges</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Earl_W_Brydges_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Earl_W_Brydges_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="228" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="228" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a></span><br />from the 52nd district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1967–1972</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tarky_Lombardi,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Tarky Lombardi, Jr.">Tarky Lombardi, Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_L._Warder" title="Frederick L. Warder">Frederick L. Warder</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a></span><br />from the 60th district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1966–1966</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a></span><br />from the 54th district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1955–1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_J._Bauer" title="Stanley J. Bauer">Stanley J. Bauer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_D._Day" title="Theodore D. Day">Theodore D. Day</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a></span><br />from the 52nd district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1949–1954</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Bewley_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bewley (New York)">William Bewley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_T._Manning" title="George T. Manning">George T. Manning</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Earl William Brydges</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1905-05-25</span>)</span>May 25, 1905<br /><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 30, 1975<span style="display:none">(1975-03-30)</span> (aged 69)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Eleanor C. Mahoney</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Niagara_University" title="Niagara University">Niagara University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo_Law_School" title="University at Buffalo Law School">University at Buffalo Law School</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Earl William Brydges</b> (May 25, 1905 – March 30, 1975) was an American lawyer and politician from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader_of_the_New_York_State_Senate" title="Majority Leader of the New York State Senate">Temporary President and Majority Leader of the State Senate</a> from 1966 to 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Brydges&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Earl William Brydges was born on May 25, 1905, in <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls, New York</a>. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Niagara_University" title="Niagara University">Niagara University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">University at Buffalo</a> law school in 1926. Later he served for many years on Niagara University's <a href="/wiki/Board_of_trustees" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of trustees">board of trustees</a>. He was admitted to the bar in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Brydges&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brydges served on the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Education">Board of Education</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilson,_New_York" title="Wilson, New York">Wilson, New York</a>, during the 1940s. He also was active in educational advocacy organizations in Western New York.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> from 1949 to 1972, sitting in the <a href="/wiki/167th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="167th New York State Legislature">167th</a>, <a href="/wiki/168th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="168th New York State Legislature">168th</a>, <a href="/wiki/169th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="169th New York State Legislature">169th</a>, <a href="/wiki/170th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="170th New York State Legislature">170th</a>, <a href="/wiki/171st_New_York_State_Legislature" title="171st New York State Legislature">171st</a>, <a href="/wiki/172nd_New_York_State_Legislature" title="172nd New York State Legislature">172nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/173rd_New_York_State_Legislature" title="173rd New York State Legislature">173rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/174th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="174th New York State Legislature">174th</a>, <a href="/wiki/175th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="175th New York State Legislature">175th</a>, <a href="/wiki/176th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="176th New York State Legislature">176th</a>, <a href="/wiki/177th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="177th New York State Legislature">177th</a>, <a href="/wiki/178th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="178th New York State Legislature">178th</a> and <a href="/wiki/179th_New_York_State_Legislature" title="179th New York State Legislature">179th New York State Legislatures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the majority of his Senate career, Brydges focused mainly on educational policy and mental health issues. His focus within the area of mental health was on improving services for the mentally retarded and special education students. His education policy focus was on K-12 education policy statewide.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brydges served as Chairman of the Senate Education Committee and Chairman of the Senate Special Committee on Mental Health.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_Majority_Leader">Senate Majority Leader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Brydges&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Senate Majority Leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1965, when the Republican Party lost the majority in the State Senate for the only time since 1939, Brydges was elected Minority Leader of the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Court ordered voting rights redistricting lead to senators serving one year terms in 1965 and 1966. The Republican Party regained the majority in 1966, and Brydges became Majority Leader.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Constitutional_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Constitutional Convention">New York State Constitutional Convention</a> of 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Majority Leader, Brydges worked closely with Gov. <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> on policy development and legislation. His main focus continued on educational issues, along with upstate economic development. He worked with Rockefeller to create the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York" title="State University of New York">State University of New York</a> system and to develop new school state aid funding formulas. Brydges worked with Rockfeller in the creation of new state agencies and reorganization of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> mass transit system. As Majority Leader, Brydges remained an advocate for Western New York and tourism development in <a href="/wiki/Niagara_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Niagara County">Niagara County</a>. He was an early supporter of <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a> gambling in Niagara Falls. In 1972, Brydges successfully passed legislation to legalize casino gaming in New York State through an amendment to the state constitution. The casino amendment did not pass in the end, since the state constitution requires the passage of legislation in two consecutive legislative sessions and then passage of the majority of the state's voters in a statewide referendum. Brydges' vision in the area of casino gaming was realized with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Niagara_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca Niagara Casino">Seneca Niagara Casino</a> on January 1, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brydges was a fierce opponent of reproductive rights and blocked legislation to legalize abortion in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. In 1970, Brydges allowed the Senate to vote on legislation to legalize abortion. He did so under the belief the Senate would not pass the bill. When the Senate surprised him and passed the bill, which had already passed the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">Assembly</a> and had the support of Governor Rockefeller, Brydges reportedly sat in his Senate chair and wept.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acting_Governor_of_New_York">Acting Governor of New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Brydges&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Acting Governor of New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brydges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brydges.jpg/220px-Brydges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brydges.jpg/330px-Brydges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brydges.jpg/440px-Brydges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Gov. Nelson Rockefeller and Majority Leader Earl Brydges</figcaption></figure><p>In 1972, both Rockefeller and Lt. Gov. <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wilson_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Wilson (New York)">Malcolm Wilson</a> left the state on the same afternoon. Under the state constitution, this made Brydges the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Acting Governor of New York</a> for several hours. As acting governor, Brydges signed routine state paperwork and conducted Senate business. He did not sign any legislation into law, including a pending bill relating to Niagara Falls that he had sponsored.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Brydges did not seek reelection to the Senate and he retired on January 1, 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Brydges&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He married Eleanor C. Mahoney. Together, they had five sons and two daughters, including:<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Earl W. Brydges, Jr., who married Martha Ann Shalala in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Thomas Eugene Brydges, who married Melissa MacLeod May in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-TEBwedd_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEBwedd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>William Brydges<sup id="cite_ref-TEBwedd_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEBwedd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Margaret Brydges<sup id="cite_ref-TEBwedd_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TEBwedd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Brydges died of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> in 1975 and his funeral was attended by then <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President Rockefeller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was Rockefeller's first visit to Upstate New York as vice president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honors">Honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Brydges&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Brydges_Artpark_State_Park" title="Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park">Earl W. Brydges Artpark</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>, an outdoor theater and concert center that he championed, was named in his honor. In addition, the main public <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> in Niagara Falls, the Earl W. Brydges Library, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Paul_Rudolph_(architect)" title="Paul Rudolph (architect)">Paul Rudolph</a>, was named after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Brydges&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYTObit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHudson1975" class="citation news cs1">Hudson, Edward (March 31, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/31/archives/earl-brydges-dies-of-cancer-state-senate-republican-leader.html">"Earl Brydges Dies of Cancer; State Senate Republican Leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Earl+Brydges+Dies+of+Cancer%3B+State+Senate+Republican+Leader&rft.date=1975-03-31&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1975%2F03%2F31%2Farchives%2Fearl-brydges-dies-of-cancer-state-senate-republican-leader.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+Brydges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1968" class="citation news cs1">Times, Special To The New York (17 December 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F0DE0D71730E034BC4F52DFB4678383679EDE&legacy=true">"BRYDGES QUESTIONS CITY SCHOOL PLAN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BRYDGES+QUESTIONS+CITY+SCHOOL+PLAN&rft.date=1968-12-17&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Special+To+The+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9F0DE0D71730E034BC4F52DFB4678383679EDE%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+Brydges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1965" class="citation news cs1">Times, Special To The New York (27 November 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C00E1DB1639E33ABC4F51DFB767838E679EDE&legacy=true">"STATE SENATORS TO NAME LEADER; Brydges Likely to Get Post at G.O.P. Meeting Dec. 6"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=STATE+SENATORS+TO+NAME+LEADER%3B+Brydges+Likely+to+Get+Post+at+G.O.P.+Meeting+Dec.+6&rft.date=1965-11-27&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Special+To+The+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9C00E1DB1639E33ABC4F51DFB767838E679EDE%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+Brydges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1966" class="citation news cs1">Times, Sydney H. Schanberg Special To The New York (21 February 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C03E4D81F3BEF34BC4951DFB466838D679EDE&legacy=true">"DEMOCRATS HALT ALBANY PARLEYS ON REDISTRICTING; | Travia Declares Compromise Efforts Are at Impasse Urges Court Act | G.O.P. CHIEF SURPRISED | Brydges Charges Decision Was Made by Top Echelon Leaders on Outside Reapportionment Negotiations Are Called Off in Legislature"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=DEMOCRATS+HALT+ALBANY+PARLEYS+ON+REDISTRICTING%3B+%7C+Travia+Declares+Compromise+Efforts+Are+at+Impasse+Urges+Court+Act+%7C+G.O.P.+CHIEF+SURPRISED+%7C+Brydges+Charges+Decision+Was+Made+by+Top+Echelon+Leaders+on+Outside+Reapportionment+Negotiations+Are+Called+Off+in+Legislature&rft.date=1966-02-21&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Sydney+H.+Schanberg+Special+To+The+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9C03E4D81F3BEF34BC4951DFB466838D679EDE%26legacy%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+Brydges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerez-Pena2000" class="citation news cs1">Perez-Pena, Richard (9 April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/09/nyregion/70-abortion-law-new-york-said-yes-stunning-the-nation.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'70 Abortion Law: New York Said Yes, Stunning the Nation"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. pp. A1, A36. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11791610">11791610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%2770+Abortion+Law%3A+New+York+Said+Yes%2C+Stunning+the+Nation&rft.pages=A1%2C+A36&rft.date=2000-04-09&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11791610&rft.aulast=Perez-Pena&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F04%2F09%2Fnyregion%2F70-abortion-law-new-york-said-yes-stunning-the-nation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+Brydges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1973" class="citation news cs1">Times, William E. Farrell Special To The New York (3 January 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/03/archives/legislature-opening-session-today-debate-foreseen-on-budget-surplus.html">"Legislature Opening Session Today; Debate Foreseen on Budget Surplus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Legislature+Opening+Session+Today%3B+Debate+Foreseen+on+Budget+Surplus&rft.date=1973-01-03&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=William+E.+Farrell+Special+To+The+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1973%2F01%2F03%2Farchives%2Flegislature-opening-session-today-debate-foreseen-on-budget-surplus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+Brydges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">{{cite Dennis Brydges, who married Evelyn Olson in 1967 news|last1=Winter|first1=Ellore|title=Martha Ann Shalala Married To Earl William Brydges Jr.|url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E04E0D61E31E23ABC4852DFBF66838C679EDE&legacy=true%7Caccess-date=20">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E04E0D61E31E23ABC4852DFBF66838C679EDE&legacy=true%7Caccess-date=20</a> October 2016|work=<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>|date=10 September 1967}}</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TEBwedd-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TEBwedd_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TEBwedd_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TEBwedd_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1972" class="citation news cs1">Times, Special To The New York (25 November 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/11/25/archives/miss-hammer-t-e-brydges-marry-upstate.html">"Miss Hammer, T. E. Brydges Marry Upstate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Miss+Hammer%2C+T.+E.+Brydges+Marry+Upstate&rft.date=1972-11-25&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Special+To+The+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F11%2F25%2Farchives%2Fmiss-hammer-t-e-brydges-marry-upstate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEarl+Brydges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Bewley_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bewley (New York)">William Bewley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> <br />52nd District </b><br />1949–1954 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_T._Manning" title="George T. Manning">George T. Manning</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_J._Bauer" title="Stanley J. Bauer">Stanley J. Bauer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> <br />54th District </b><br />1955–1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_D._Day" title="Theodore D. Day">Theodore D. Day</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">new district</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> <br />60th District </b><br />1966 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">district abolished</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tarky_Lombardi,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Tarky Lombardi, Jr.">Tarky Lombardi, Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> <br />52nd District </b><br />1967–1972 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_L._Warder" title="Frederick L. Warder">Frederick L. Warder</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Zaretzki" title="Joseph Zaretzki">Joseph Zaretzki</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minority Leader in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a> </b><br />1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Zaretzki" title="Joseph Zaretzki">Joseph Zaretzki</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Zaretzki" title="Joseph Zaretzki">Joseph Zaretzki</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader_of_the_New_York_State_Senate" title="Majority Leader of the New York State Senate">Temporary President of the State Senate</a> </b><br />1966–1972 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Anderson" title="Warren M. Anderson">Warren M. Anderson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Presidents_pro_tempore_and_majority_leaders_of_the_New_York_State_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader_of_the_New_York_State_Senate" title="Majority Leader of the New York State Senate">Presidents pro tempore and majority leaders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Robertson" title="William H. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_McCarthy_(congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis McCarthy (congressman)">McCarthy</a></li> <li>vacant (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Jacobs" title="John C. Jacobs">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_McCarthy_(congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis McCarthy (congressman)">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_L._Pitts" title="Edmund L. Pitts">Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_R._Low" title="Henry R. Low">Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Sloat_Fassett" title="Jacob Sloat Fassett">Fassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_A._Cantor" title="Jacob A. Cantor">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Saxton" title="Charles T. Saxton">Saxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_O%27Connor" title="Edmund O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_E._Ellsworth" title="Timothy E. Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Raines" title="John Raines">Raines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jotham_P._Allds" title="Jotham P. Allds">Allds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Cobb" title="George H. Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_F._Murtaugh" title="John F. Murtaugh">Murtaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_R._Brown" title="Elon R. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Henry_Walters" title="J. Henry Walters">Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_R._Lusk" title="Clayton R. Lusk">Lusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Walker" title="Jimmy Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knight_(judge)" title="John Knight (judge)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Fearon" title="George R. Fearon">Fearon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Dunnigan" title="John J. Dunnigan">Dunnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perley_A._Pitcher" title="Perley A. Pitcher">Pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Hanley" title="Joe R. Hanley">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Feinberg" title="Benjamin F. Feinberg">Feinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Wicks" title="Arthur H. Wicks">Wicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Mahoney" title="Walter J. Mahoney">Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Zaretzki" title="Joseph Zaretzki">Zaretzki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brydges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Anderson" title="Warren M. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_J._Marino" title="Ralph J. Marino">Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bruno" title="Joseph Bruno">Bruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Skelos" title="Dean Skelos">Skelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Smith_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Smith (U.S. politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Espada_Jr." title="Pedro Espada Jr.">Espada</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dean_Skelos" title="Dean Skelos">Skelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_New_York_State_Senate_leadership_crisis" title="2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis">Leadership crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Smith_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Smith (U.S. politician)">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pedro_Espada_Jr." title="Pedro Espada Jr.">Espada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Skelos" title="Dean Skelos">Skelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Skelos" title="Dean Skelos">Skelos</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_D._Klein" title="Jeffrey D. Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Skelos" title="Dean Skelos">Skelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Flanagan" title="John J. Flanagan">Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Stewart-Cousins" title="Andrea Stewart-Cousins">Stewart-Cousins</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/75px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/113px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/150px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="2660" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325757#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325757#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325757#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000027571867">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68007228">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/235993/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjRWPMf4tWj3b9brMxMT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88027678">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66t0rhs">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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