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<button aria-controls="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Poetry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Essay_on_Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essay_on_Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Essay on Criticism</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essay_on_Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Rape_of_the_Lock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Rape_of_the_Lock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>The Rape of the Lock</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Rape_of_the_Lock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Dunciad_and_Moral_Essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Dunciad_and_Moral_Essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>The Dunciad</i> and <i>Moral Essays</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Dunciad_and_Moral_Essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_Essay_on_Man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_Essay_on_Man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><i>An Essay on Man</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_Essay_on_Man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life_and_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life_and_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Later life and works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life_and_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations_and_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations_and_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Translations and editions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Translations_and_editions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Translations and editions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Translations_and_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Iliad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Iliad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The <i>Iliad</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Iliad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Odyssey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Odyssey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The <i>Odyssey</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Odyssey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shakespeare's_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shakespeare's_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Shakespeare's works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shakespeare's_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spirit,_skill_and_satire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spirit,_skill_and_satire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Spirit, skill and satire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spirit,_skill_and_satire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Major works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations_and_editions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations_and_editions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Translations and editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations_and_editions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Editions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Pope</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8" title="ألكسندر بوب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر بوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="अलेक्जेंडर पोप – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अलेक्जेंडर पोप" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE" title="الکساندر پوپ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکساندر پوپ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA" title="আলেকজান্ডার পোপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলেকজান্ডার পোপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BF" title="Аляксандр Поўп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляксандр Поўп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="अलेक्जेंडर पोप – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अलेक्जेंडर पोप" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Александър Поуп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър Поуп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%80" title="Αλεξάντερ Πόουπ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλεξάντερ Πόουπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE" title="الکساندر پوپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر پوپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_%ED%8F%AC%ED%94%84" title="알렉산더 포프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산더 포프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80_%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%83" title="Ալեքսանդր Փոփ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեքսանդր Փոփ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="अलेक्ज़ंडर पोप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अलेक्ज़ंडर पोप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4" title="אלכסנדר פופ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר פופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಪೋಪ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಪೋಪ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandrs_Poups" title="Aleksandrs Poups – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aleksandrs Poups" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Александар Поуп – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Александар Поуп" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="അലക്സാണ്ടർ പോപ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അലക്സാണ്ടർ പോപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="अलेक्झांडर पोप – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अलेक्झांडर पोप" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8" title="الكسندر بوب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر بوب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE" title="پوپ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پوپ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="အလက်ဇန္ဒား ပုပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလက်ဇန္ဒား ပုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="アレキサンダー・ポープ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレキサンダー・ポープ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA" title="ਅਲੈਗਜ਼ੈਂਡਰ ਪੋਪ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲੈਗਜ਼ੈਂਡਰ ਪੋਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE" title="الیگزنڈر پوپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیگزنڈر پوپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BF,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80" title="Поуп, Александр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поуп, Александр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%BE" title="ئەلێکساندەر پۆپ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلێکساندەر پۆپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Александар Поуп – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александар Поуп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9B" title="อเล็กซานเดอร์ โพป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อเล็กซานเดอร์ โพป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Александер Поуп – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Александер Поуп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE" title="الیگزنڈر پوپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیگزنڈر پوپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alexander Pope" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English poet (1688–1744)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pope Alexander (disambiguation)">Pope Alexander</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alexander Pope (disambiguation)">Alexander Pope (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Alexander Pope</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait by Michael Dahl, c. 1727"><img alt="Portrait by Michael Dahl, c. 1727" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/220px-Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/330px-Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/440px-Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2981" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dahl" title="Michael Dahl">Michael Dahl</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1727</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1688-05-21</span>)</span>21 May 1688 O.S.<br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">30 May 1744<span style="display:none">(1744-05-30)</span> (aged 56)<br /><a href="/wiki/Twickenham,_Middlesex" class="mw-redirect" title="Twickenham, Middlesex">Twickenham, Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's Church, Twickenham">St Mary's Church, Twickenham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Poet, writer, translator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a>, translation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustan_literature" title="Augustan literature">Augustan literature</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dunciad" title="The Dunciad">The Dunciad</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">An Essay on Criticism</a></i>, his translation of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Pope_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Alexander_Pope_signature.svg/150px-Alexander_Pope_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Alexander_Pope_signature.svg/225px-Alexander_Pope_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Alexander_Pope_signature.svg/300px-Alexander_Pope_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alexander Pope</b> (21 May 1688 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of <a href="/wiki/Augustan_literature" title="Augustan literature">Augustan literature</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dunciad" title="The Dunciad">The Dunciad</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">An Essay on Criticism</a>,</i> and for his translations of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>. </p><p>Pope is often quoted in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Quotations" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations">The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations</a></i>, some of his verses having entered common parlance (e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Damning_with_faint_praise" title="Damning with faint praise">damning with faint praise</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">to err is human; to forgive, divine</a>"). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexander Pope was born in London on 21 May 1688 during the year of the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>. His father (Alexander Pope, 1646–1717) was a successful linen merchant in the <a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">Strand</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. His mother, Edith (née Turner, 1643–1733), was the daughter of William Turner, Esquire, of <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>. Both parents were <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erskine-Hill,_DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother's sister, Christiana, was the wife of famous miniature painter <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cooper_(painter)" title="Samuel Cooper (painter)">Samuel Cooper</a>. Pope's education was affected by the recently enacted <a href="/wiki/Test_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Act">Test Acts</a>, a series of English penal laws that upheld the status of the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">established</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, banning Catholics from teaching, attending a university, voting, and holding public office on penalty of perpetual imprisonment. Pope was taught to read by his aunt and attended <a href="/wiki/Twyford_School" title="Twyford School">Twyford School</a> circa 1698.<sup id="cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erskine-Hill,_DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also attended two Roman Catholic schools in London.<sup id="cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erskine-Hill,_DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such schools, though still illegal, were tolerated in some areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_Pope'_2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1700, his family moved to a small estate at <a href="/wiki/Popeswood" title="Popeswood">Popeswood</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Binfield" title="Binfield">Binfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, close to the royal <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Great_Park" title="Windsor Great Park">Windsor Forest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erskine-Hill,_DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was due to strong anti-Catholic sentiment and a statute preventing "<a href="/wiki/Popery" title="Popery">Papists</a>" from living within 10 miles (16 km) of London or Westminster.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope would later describe the countryside around the house in his poem <i><a href="/wiki/Windsor-Forest" title="Windsor-Forest">Windsor Forest</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WF_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope's formal education ended at this time, and from then on, he mostly educated himself by reading the works of classical writers such as the <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirists</a> <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juvenal" title="Juvenal">Juvenal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poets</a> <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, as well as English authors such as <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erskine-Hill,_DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied many languages, reading works by French, Italian, Latin, and Greek poets. After five years of study, Pope came into contact with figures from London literary society such as <a href="/wiki/William_Congreve" title="William Congreve">William Congreve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Garth" title="Samuel Garth">Samuel Garth</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Trumbull" title="William Trumbull">William Trumbull</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erskine-Hill,_DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_Pope'_2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Binfield he made many important friends. One of them, <a href="/wiki/John_Caryll_the_younger" title="John Caryll the younger">John Caryll</a> (the future dedicatee of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i>), was twenty years older than the poet and had made many acquaintances in the London literary world. He introduced the young Pope to the ageing playwright <a href="/wiki/William_Wycherley" title="William Wycherley">William Wycherley</a> and to <a href="/wiki/William_Walsh_(poet)" title="William Walsh (poet)">William Walsh</a>, a minor poet, who helped Pope revise his first major work, <i><a href="/wiki/Pastorals_(Pope)" title="Pastorals (Pope)">The Pastorals</a></i>. There, he met the Blount sisters, <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Blount" title="Teresa Blount">Teresa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martha_Blount" title="Martha Blount">Martha (Patty)</a>, in 1707. He remained close friends with Patty until his death, but his friendship with Teresa ended in 1722.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Pope%27s_house_at_Twickenham.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alexander_Pope%27s_house_at_Twickenham.png/220px-Alexander_Pope%27s_house_at_Twickenham.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alexander_Pope%27s_house_at_Twickenham.png/330px-Alexander_Pope%27s_house_at_Twickenham.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alexander_Pope%27s_house_at_Twickenham.png/440px-Alexander_Pope%27s_house_at_Twickenham.png 2x" data-file-width="1972" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_villa" title="Pope's villa">Pope's villa</a> at <a href="/wiki/Twickenham" title="Twickenham">Twickenham</a>, showing the <a href="/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto">grotto</a>; from a watercolour produced soon after his death</figcaption></figure> <p>From the age of 12 he suffered numerous health problems, including <a href="/wiki/Pott_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Pott disease">Pott disease</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> that affects the spine, which deformed his body and stunted his growth, leaving him with a severe hunchback. His tuberculosis infection caused other health problems including respiratory difficulties, high fevers, inflamed eyes and abdominal pain.<sup id="cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erskine-Hill,_DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew to a height of only 4 feet 6 inches (1.37 metres). Pope was already removed from society as a Catholic, and his poor health alienated him further. Although he never married, he had many female friends to whom he wrote witty letters, including <a href="/wiki/Lady_Mary_Wortley_Montagu" title="Lady Mary Wortley Montagu">Lady Mary Wortley Montagu</a>. It has been alleged that his lifelong friend Martha Blount was his lover.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_Pope'_2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mount_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mount-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His friend <a href="/wiki/William_Cheselden" title="William Cheselden">William Cheselden</a> said, according to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Spence_(author)" title="Joseph Spence (author)">Joseph Spence</a>, "I could give a more particular account of Mr. Pope's health than perhaps any man. <a href="/wiki/Cibber" title="Cibber">Cibber</a>'s slander (of carnosity) is false. He had been gay [happy], but left that way of life upon his acquaintance with Mrs. B."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1709, Pope's <i>Pastorals</i> was published in the sixth part of bookseller <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Tonson" title="Jacob Tonson">Jacob Tonson</a>'s <i>Poetical Miscellanies</i>. This earned Pope instant fame and was followed by <i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">An Essay on Criticism</a></i>, published in May 1711, which was equally well received. </p><p>Around 1711, Pope made friends with Tory writers <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Parnell" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Parnell">Thomas Parnell</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Arbuthnot" title="John Arbuthnot">John Arbuthnot</a>, who together formed the satirical <a href="/wiki/Scriblerus_Club" title="Scriblerus Club">Scriblerus Club</a>. Its aim was to satirise ignorance and pedantry through the fictional scholar Martinus Scriblerus. He also made friends with <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> writers <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Joseph Addison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Steele" title="Richard Steele">Richard Steele</a>. In March 1713, <i>Windsor Forest</i><sup id="cite_ref-WF_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published to great acclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_Pope'_2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Pope's friendship with Joseph Addison, he contributed to Addison's play <i><a href="/wiki/Cato,_a_Tragedy" title="Cato, a Tragedy">Cato</a></i>, as well as writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_(1713)" title="The Guardian (1713)">The Guardian</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator_(1711)" title="The Spectator (1711)">The Spectator</a></i>. Around this time, he began the work of translating the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>, which was a painstaking process – publication began in 1715 and did not end until 1720.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_Pope'_2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1714 the political situation worsened with the death of Queen Anne and the disputed succession between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanoverians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobites</a>, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1715" title="Jacobite rising of 1715">Jacobite rising of 1715</a>. Though Pope, as a Catholic, might have been expected to have supported the Jacobites because of his religious and political affiliations, according to <a href="/wiki/Maynard_Mack" title="Maynard Mack">Maynard Mack</a>, "where Pope himself stood on these matters can probably never be confidently known". These events led to an immediate downturn in the fortunes of the <a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a>, and Pope's friend <a href="/wiki/Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke</a>, fled to France. This was added to by the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Robert_Harley,_Earl_of_Oxford" title="Impeachment of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford">Impeachment</a> of the former Tory Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Lord Oxford</a>. </p><p>Pope lived in his parents' house in Mawson Row, <a href="/wiki/Chiswick" title="Chiswick">Chiswick</a>, between 1716 and 1719; the red-brick building is now the <i><a href="/wiki/Mawson_Arms" title="Mawson Arms">Mawson Arms</a></i>, commemorating him with a <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ChiswickHistory_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChiswickHistory-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The money made from his translation of Homer allowed Pope to move in 1719 to <a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_villa" title="Pope's villa">a villa at Twickenham</a>, where he created his now-famous <a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Grotto" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope's Grotto">grotto</a> and gardens. The serendipitous discovery of a spring during the excavation of the subterranean retreat enabled it to be filled with the relaxing sound of trickling water, which would quietly echo around the chambers. Pope was said to have remarked, "Were it to have nymphs as well – it would be complete in everything." Although the house and gardens have long since been demolished, much of the grotto survives beneath Radnor House Independent Co-educational School.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_2002_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grotto has been restored and will open to the public for 30 weekends a year from 2023 under the auspices of Pope's Grotto Preservation Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poetry">Poetry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mawson_Arms_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mawson_Arms_01.JPG/220px-Mawson_Arms_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mawson_Arms_01.JPG/330px-Mawson_Arms_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mawson_Arms_01.JPG/440px-Mawson_Arms_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mawson_Arms" title="Mawson Arms">Mawson Arms</a>, Chiswick Lane, with <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> to Pope</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essay_on_Criticism"><i>Essay on Criticism</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Essay on Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">An Essay on Criticism</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">An Essay on Criticism</a></i> was first published anonymously on 15 May 1711. Pope began writing the poem early in his career and took about three years to finish it. </p><p>At the time the poem was published, its <a href="/wiki/Heroic_couplet" title="Heroic couplet">heroic couplet</a> style was quite a new poetic form and Pope's work an ambitious attempt to identify and refine his own positions as a poet and critic. It was said to be a response to an ongoing debate on the question of whether poetry should be natural, or written according to predetermined artificial rules inherited from the classical past.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers_2006_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers_2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "essay" begins with a discussion of the standard rules that govern poetry, by which a critic passes judgement. Pope comments on the classical authors who dealt with such standards and the authority he believed should be accredited to them. He discusses the laws to which a critic should adhere while analysing poetry, pointing out the important function critics perform in aiding poets with their works, as opposed to simply attacking them.<sup id="cite_ref-Baines_2001_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines_2001-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final section of <i>An Essay on Criticism</i> discusses the moral qualities and virtues inherent in an ideal critic, whom Pope claims is also the ideal man. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Rape_of_the_Lock"><i>The Rape of the Lock</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Rape of the Lock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pope's most famous poem is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i>, first published in 1712, with a revised version in 1714. A <a href="/wiki/Mock-epic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mock-epic">mock-epic</a>, it satirises a high-society quarrel between <a href="/wiki/Arabella_Fermor" title="Arabella Fermor">Arabella Fermor</a> (the "Belinda" of the poem) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Petre,_7th_Baron_Petre" title="Robert Petre, 7th Baron Petre">Lord Petre</a>, who had snipped a lock of hair from her head without permission. The satirical style is tempered, however, by a genuine, almost voyeuristic interest in the "beau-monde" (fashionable world) of 18th-century society.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revised, extended version of the poem focuses more clearly on its true subject: the onset of acquisitive individualism and a society of conspicuous consumers. In the poem, purchased artefacts displace human agency and "trivial things" come to dominate.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Dunciad_and_Moral_Essays"><i>The Dunciad</i> and <i>Moral Essays</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Dunciad and Moral Essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Pope_circa_1736.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alexander_Pope_circa_1736.jpeg/170px-Alexander_Pope_circa_1736.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alexander_Pope_circa_1736.jpeg/255px-Alexander_Pope_circa_1736.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Alexander_Pope_circa_1736.jpeg/340px-Alexander_Pope_circa_1736.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Alexander Pope, painting attributed to English painter <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Richardson" title="Jonathan Richardson">Jonathan Richardson</a>, c. 1736, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Though <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dunciad" title="The Dunciad">The Dunciad</a></i> first appeared anonymously in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, its authorship was not in doubt. Pope pilloried a host of other "hacks", "scribblers" and "dunces" in addition to Theobald, and Maynard Mack has accordingly called its publication "in many ways the greatest act of folly in Pope's life". Though a masterpiece due to having become "one of the most challenging and distinctive works in the history of English poetry", writes Mack, "it bore bitter fruit. It brought the poet in his own time the hostility of its victims and their sympathizers, who pursued him implacably from then on with a few damaging truths and a host of slanders and lies."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to his half-sister Magdalen Rackett, some of Pope's targets were so enraged by <i>The Dunciad</i> that they threatened him physically. "My brother does not seem to know what fear is," she told <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Spence_(author)" title="Joseph Spence (author)">Joseph Spence</a>, explaining that Pope loved to walk alone, so went accompanied by his <a href="/wiki/Great_Dane" title="Great Dane">Great Dane</a> Bounce, and for some time carried pistols in his pocket.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first <i>Dunciad</i>, along with <a href="/wiki/John_Gay" title="John Gay">John Gay</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beggar%27s_Opera" title="The Beggar's Opera">The Beggar's Opera</a></i> and Jonathan Swift's <i><a href="/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels" title="Gulliver's Travels">Gulliver's Travels</a></i>, joined in a concerted propaganda assault against <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Robert Walpole</a>'s Whig ministry and the financial revolution it stabilised. Although Pope was a keen participant in the stock and money markets, he never missed a chance to satirise the personal, social and political effects of the new scheme of things. From <i>The Rape of the Lock</i> onwards, these satirical themes appear constantly in his work. </p><p>In 1731, Pope published his "Epistle to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Boyle,_3rd_Earl_of_Burlington" title="Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington">Burlington</a>", on the subject of architecture, the first of four poems later grouped as the <i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Essays" title="Moral Essays">Moral Essays</a></i> (1731–1735).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The epistle ridicules the bad taste of the aristocrat "Timon".<sup id="cite_ref-Moral_Essays_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moral_Essays-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the following are verses 99 and 100 of the Epistle: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>At Timon's Villa let us paſs a day,<br />Where all cry out, "What ſums are thrown away!"<sup id="cite_ref-Moral_Essays_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moral_Essays-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Pope's foes claimed he was attacking the <a href="/wiki/James_Brydges,_1st_Duke_of_Chandos" title="James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos">Duke of Chandos</a> and his estate, <a href="/wiki/Cannons_(house)" title="Cannons (house)">Cannons</a>. Though the charge was untrue, it did much damage to Pope.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There has been some speculation on a feud between Pope and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hearne_(antiquarian)" title="Thomas Hearne (antiquarian)">Thomas Hearne</a>, due in part to the character of Wormius in <i>The Dunciad</i>, who is seemingly based on Hearne.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_Essay_on_Man"><i>An Essay on Man</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: An Essay on Man"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Man" title="An Essay on Man">An Essay on Man</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Man" title="An Essay on Man">An Essay on Man</a></i> is a philosophical poem in heroic couplets published between 1732 and 1734. Pope meant it as the centrepiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form. It was a piece that he sought to make into a larger work, but he did not live to complete it.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuttal_1984_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuttal_1984-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It attempts to "vindicate the ways of God to Man", a variation on Milton's attempt in <i>Paradise Lost</i> to "justify the ways of God to Man" (1.26). It challenges as prideful an anthropocentric worldview. The poem is not solely Christian, however. It assumes that man has fallen and must seek his own salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuttal_1984_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuttal_1984-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consisting of four epistles addressed to <a href="/wiki/Lord_Bolingbroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Bolingbroke">Lord Bolingbroke</a>, it presents an idea of Pope's view of the Universe: no matter how imperfect, complex, inscrutable and disturbing the Universe may be, it functions in a rational fashion according to natural laws, so that the Universe as a whole is a perfect work of God, though to humans it appears to be evil and imperfect in many ways. Pope ascribes this to our limited mindset and intellectual capacity. He argues that humans must accept their position in the "Great Chain of Being", at a middle stage between the angels and the beasts of the world. Accomplish this and we potentially could lead happy and virtuous lives.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuttal_1984_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuttal_1984-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poem is an affirmative statement of faith: life seems chaotic and confusing to man in the centre of it, but according to Pope it is truly divinely ordered. In Pope's world, God exists and is what he centres the Universe around as an ordered structure. The limited intelligence of man can only take in tiny portions of this order and experience only partial truths, hence man must rely on hope, which then leads to faith. Man must be aware of his existence in the Universe and what he brings to it in terms of riches, power and fame. Pope proclaims that man's duty is to strive to be good, regardless of other situations.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassirer_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassirer-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life_and_works">Later life and works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life and works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:225px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFFFF0;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <div class="poem"> <p>FATHER of all! in every age,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">In every clime adored,</span><br /> By saint, by savage, and by sage,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jove" class="mw-redirect" title="Jove">Jove</a>, or Lord!</span><br /> <br /> If I am right, thy grace impart<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Still in the right to stay;</span><br /> If I am wrong, O, teach my heart<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">To find that better way!</span><br /> <br /> Save me alike from foolish pride,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Or impious discontent,</span><br /> At aught thy wisdom has denied,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Or aught thy goodness lent.</span><br /> <br /> Teach me to feel another’s woe,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">To hide the fault I see;</span><br /> That mercy I to others show,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">That mercy show to me.</span><br /> <br /> Mean though I am, not wholly so,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Since quickened by thy breath;</span><br /> O, lead me wheresoe’er I go,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Through this day’s life or death! </span><br /> <br /> To thee, whose temple is all space,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Whose altar, earth, sea, skies!</span><br /> One chorus let all Being raise!<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">All Nature’s incense rise! </span> </p> </div> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Pope, "The Universal Prayer"<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Pope_dying.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alexander_Pope_dying.png/220px-Alexander_Pope_dying.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alexander_Pope_dying.png/330px-Alexander_Pope_dying.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Alexander_Pope_dying.png/440px-Alexander_Pope_dying.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The death of Alexander Pope from <i>Museus</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Threnody" title="Threnody">threnody</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Mason_(poet)" title="William Mason (poet)">William Mason</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a> holds the dying Pope, and <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> prepare to welcome him to heaven.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Imitations of Horace</i> that followed (1733–1738) were written in the popular Augustan form of an "imitation" of a classical poet, not so much a translation of his works as an updating with contemporary references. Pope used the model of <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> to satirise life under <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a>, especially what he saw as the widespread corruption tainting the country under Walpole's influence and the poor quality of the court's artistic taste. Pope added as an introduction to <i>Imitations</i> a wholly original poem that reviews his own literary career and includes famous portraits of Lord <a href="/wiki/John_Hervey,_2nd_Baron_Hervey" title="John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey">Hervey</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Sporus" title="Sporus">Sporus</a>"), <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hay,_9th_Earl_of_Kinnoull" title="Thomas Hay, 9th Earl of Kinnoull">Thomas Hay, 9th Earl of Kinnoull</a> ("Balbus") and Addison ("Atticus"). </p><p>In 1738 came "The Universal Prayer".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the younger poets whose work Pope admired was <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thurston_(poet)" title="Joseph Thurston (poet)">Joseph Thurston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1738, Pope himself wrote little. He toyed with the idea of composing a patriotic epic in blank verse called <i>Brutus</i>, but only the opening lines survive. His major work in those years was to revise and expand his masterpiece, <i>The Dunciad</i>. Book Four appeared in 1742 and a full revision of the whole poem the following year. Here Pope replaced the "hero" Lewis Theobald with the <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom">Poet Laureate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colley_Cibber" title="Colley Cibber">Colley Cibber</a> as "king of dunces". However, the real focus of the revised poem is Walpole and his works. By now Pope's health, which had never been good, was failing. When told by his physician, on the morning of his death, that he was better, Pope replied: "Here am I, dying of a hundred good symptoms."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died at his villa surrounded by friends on 30 May 1744, about eleven o'clock at night. On the previous day, 29 May 1744, Pope had called for a priest and received the <a href="/wiki/Last_Rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Rites">Last Rites</a> of the Catholic Church. He was buried in the nave of <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's Church, Twickenham">St Mary's Church, Twickenham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations_and_editions">Translations and editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Translations and editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Iliad">The <i>Iliad</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Iliad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pope had been fascinated by Homer since childhood. In 1713, he announced plans to publish a translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>. The work would be <a href="/wiki/Publication_by_subscription" title="Publication by subscription">available by subscription</a>, with one volume appearing every year over six years. Pope secured a revolutionary deal with the publisher Bernard Lintot, which earned him 200 <a href="/wiki/Guinea_(British_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea (British coin)">guineas</a> (£210) a volume, a vast sum at the time. </p><p>His <i>Iliad</i> translation appeared between 1715 and 1720. It was acclaimed by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> as "a performance which no age or nation could hope to equal". Conversely, the classical scholar <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bentley" title="Richard Bentley">Richard Bentley</a> wrote: "It is a pretty poem, Mr. Pope, but you must not call it Homer."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Odyssey">The <i>Odyssey</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Odyssey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OdysseyPopeTP1752.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/OdysseyPopeTP1752.jpg/220px-OdysseyPopeTP1752.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/OdysseyPopeTP1752.jpg/330px-OdysseyPopeTP1752.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/OdysseyPopeTP1752.jpg/440px-OdysseyPopeTP1752.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece and title page of a 1752 edition of Pope's <i>Odyssey</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Encouraged by the success of the <i>Iliad</i>, Bernard Lintot published Pope's five-volume translation of Homer's <i>Odyssey</i> in 1725–1726.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this Pope collaborated with <a href="/wiki/William_Broome" title="William Broome">William Broome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Fenton" title="Elijah Fenton">Elijah Fenton</a>: Broome translated eight books (2, 6, 8, 11, 12, 16, 18, 23), Fenton four (1, 4, 19, 20) and Pope the remaining twelve. Broome provided the annotations.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope tried to conceal the extent of the collaboration, but the secret leaked out.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It did some damage to Pope's reputation for a time, but not to his profits.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Leslie Stephen</a> considered Pope's portion of the <i>Odyssey</i> inferior to his version of the <i>Iliad</i>, given that Pope had put more effort into the earlier work – to which, in any case, his style was better suited.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shakespeare's_works"><span id="Shakespeare.27s_works"></span>Shakespeare's works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Shakespeare's works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this period, Pope was employed by the publisher <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Tonson" title="Jacob Tonson">Jacob Tonson</a> to produce an opulent new edition of Shakespeare.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it appeared in 1725, it silently regularised Shakespeare's metre and rewrote his verse in several places. Pope also removed about 1,560 lines of Shakespeare's material, arguing that some appealed to him more than others.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1726, the lawyer, poet and pantomime-deviser <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Theobald" title="Lewis Theobald">Lewis Theobald</a> published a scathing pamphlet called <i>Shakespeare Restored</i>, which catalogued the errors in Pope's work and suggested several revisions to the text. This enraged Pope, wherefore Theobald became the main target of Pope's <i>Dunciad</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second edition of Pope's <i>Shakespeare</i> appeared in 1728.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from some minor revisions to the preface, it seems that Pope had little to do with it. Most later 18th-century editors of Shakespeare dismissed Pope's creatively motivated approach to textual criticism. Pope's preface continued to be highly rated. It was suggested that Shakespeare's texts were thoroughly contaminated by actors' interpolations and they would influence editors for most of the 18th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spirit,_skill_and_satire"><span id="Spirit.2C_skill_and_satire"></span>Spirit, skill and satire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Spirit, skill and satire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pope's poetic career testifies to an indomitable spirit despite disadvantages of health and circumstance. The poet and his family were <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> and so fell subject to the prohibitive <a href="/wiki/Test_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Act">Test Acts</a>, which hampered their co-religionists after the abdication of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a>. One of these banned them from living within ten miles of London, another from attending public school or university. So except for a few spurious <a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic schools</a>, Pope was largely <a href="/wiki/Self-educated" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-educated">self-educated</a>. He was taught to read by his aunt and became a book lover, reading in French, Italian, Latin and Greek and discovering <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> at the age of six. In 1700, when only twelve years of age, he wrote his poem <i><a href="/wiki/Ode_on_Solitude" title="Ode on Solitude">Ode on Solitude</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a child Pope survived once being trampled by a <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cow</a>, but when he was 12 he began struggling with tuberculosis of the spine (<a href="/wiki/Pott_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Pott disease">Pott disease</a>), which restricted his growth, so that he was only 4 feet 6 inches (1.37 metres) tall as an adult. He also suffered from crippling headaches. </p><p>In the year 1709, Pope showcased his precocious metrical skill with the publication of <i><a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">Pastorals</a></i>, his first major poems. They earned him instant fame. By the age of 23, he had written <i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">An Essay on Criticism</a></i>, released in 1711. A kind of poetic <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a> in the vein of <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Poetica_(Horace)" title="Ars Poetica (Horace)">Ars Poetica</a></i>, it met with enthusiastic attention and won Pope a wider circle of prominent friends, notably <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Joseph Addison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Steele" title="Richard Steele">Richard Steele</a>, who had recently begun to collaborate on the influential <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator_(1711)" title="The Spectator (1711)">The Spectator</a></i>. The <a href="/wiki/Critic" title="Critic">critic</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Dennis_(dramatist)" title="John Dennis (dramatist)">John Dennis</a>, having found an ironic and veiled portrait of himself, was outraged by what he saw as the impudence of a younger author. Dennis hated Pope for the rest of his life, and save for a temporary reconciliation, dedicated his efforts to insulting him in print, to which Pope retaliated in kind, making Dennis the butt of much satire. </p><p>A folio containing a collection of his poems appeared in 1717, along with two new ones about the passion of love: <i>Verses to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady</i> and the famous proto-romantic poem <i><a href="/wiki/Eloisa_to_Abelard" title="Eloisa to Abelard">Eloisa to Abelard</a></i>. Though Pope never married, about this time he became strongly attached to Lady M. Montagu, whom he indirectly referenced in his popular <i>Eloisa to Abelard</i>, and to Martha Blount, with whom his friendship continued through his life. </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Satirist" class="mw-redirect" title="Satirist">satirist</a>, Pope made his share of enemies as critics, politicians and certain other prominent figures felt the sting of his sharp-witted satires. Some were so virulent that Pope even carried pistols while walking his dog. In 1738 and thenceforth, Pope composed relatively little. He began having ideas for a <a href="/wiki/Patriotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic">patriotic</a> epic in <a href="/wiki/Blank_verse" title="Blank verse">blank verse</a> titled <i>Brutus</i>, but mainly revised and expanded his <i>Dunciad</i>. Book Four appeared in 1742; and a complete revision of the whole in the year that followed. At this time Lewis Theobald was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom">Poet Laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Colley_Cibber" title="Colley Cibber">Colley Cibber</a> as "king of dunces", but his real target remained the <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Robert Walpole</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the mid-18th century, new fashions in poetry emerged. A decade after Pope's death, Joseph Warton claimed that Pope's style was not the most excellent form of the art. The Romantic movement that rose to prominence in early 19th-century England was more ambivalent about his work. Though <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> identified Pope as one of his chief influences – believing his own scathing satire of contemporary English literature <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i> to be a continuance of Pope's tradition – <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> found Pope's style too decadent to represent the human condition.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_Pope'_2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George Gilfillan in an 1856 study called Pope's talent "a rose peering into the summer air, fine, rather than powerful".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pope's reputation revived in the 20th century. His work was full of references to the people and places of his time, which aided people's understanding of the past. The post-war period stressed the power of Pope's poetry, recognising that Pope's immersion in Christian and Biblical culture lent depth to his poetry. For example, Maynard Mack, in the late 20th-century, argued that Pope's moral vision demanded as much respect as his technical excellence. Between 1953 and 1967 the definitive Twickenham edition of Pope's poems appeared in ten volumes, including an index volume.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexander_Pope'_2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_works">Major works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1709: <i><a href="/wiki/Pastorals_(Pope)" title="Pastorals (Pope)">Pastorals</a></i></li> <li>1711: <i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">An Essay on Criticism</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1712: <i><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(English_poem)" title="Messiah (English poem)">Messiah</a></i> (from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Latin_poem)" title="Messiah (Latin poem)">translated into Latin</a> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>)</li> <li>1712: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i> (enlarged in 1714)<sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1713: <i><a href="/wiki/Windsor-Forest" title="Windsor-Forest">Windsor Forest</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-WF_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1715: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Temple_of_Fame" title="The Temple of Fame">The Temple of Fame: A Vision</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1717: <i><a href="/wiki/Eloisa_to_Abelard" title="Eloisa to Abelard">Eloisa to Abelard</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1717: <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Hours_After_Marriage" title="Three Hours After Marriage">Three Hours After Marriage</a></i>, with others</li> <li>1717: <i><a href="/wiki/Elegy_to_the_Memory_of_an_Unfortunate_Lady" title="Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady">Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1728: <i><a href="/wiki/Peri_Bathous,_Or_the_Art_of_Sinking_in_Poetry" title="Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry">Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry</a></i></li> <li>1728: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dunciad" title="The Dunciad">The Dunciad</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1731–1735: <i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Essays" title="Moral Essays">Moral Essays</a></i></li> <li>1733–1734: <i><a href="/wiki/Essay_on_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Essay on Man">Essay on Man</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1735: <i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Dr_Arbuthnot" title="Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot">Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations_and_editions_2">Translations and editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Translations and editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1715–1720: Translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1723–1725: <i>The Works of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespear</a>, in Six Volumes</i></li> <li>1725–1726: Translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-cocel_42-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1700: <i><a href="/wiki/Ode_on_Solitude" title="Ode on Solitude">Ode on Solitude</a></i></li> <li>1713: <i>Ode for Musick</i><sup id="cite_ref-OfM_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OfM-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1715: <i>A Key to the Lock</i></li> <li>1717: <i>The Court Ballad</i><sup id="cite_ref-TCB_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCB-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1717: <i>Ode for Music on St. Cecilia's Day</i></li> <li>1731: <i>An Epistle to the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Burlington</i><sup id="cite_ref-EtB_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EtB-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1733: <i>The Impertinent, or A Visit to the Court</i><sup id="cite_ref-TIS_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIS-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1736: <i>Bounce to Fop</i><sup id="cite_ref-BtF_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BtF-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1737: <i>The First Ode of the Fourth Book of Horace</i><sup id="cite_ref-H4O1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H4O1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1738: <i>The First Epistle of the First Book of Horace</i><sup id="cite_ref-HIE1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HIE1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editions">Editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Works of Alexander Pope</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksalexanderp03unkngoog">vol 3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksalexanderp61popegoog">vol 3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksalexanderp31wartgoog">v 9 of 10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DKYDAAAAQAAJ">v 6 of 8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope" class="extiw" title="q:Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Characters_and_Observations" title="Characters and Observations">Characters and Observations</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolitionist_forerunners" title="List of abolitionist forerunners">List of abolitionist forerunners</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Urn" title="Pope's Urn">Pope's Urn</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldsmith, Netta Murray (2002), <i>Alexander Pope: The Evolution of a Poet</i>, p. 17: "Alexander Pope was born on Monday 21 May 1688 at 6.45 pm when England was on the brink of a revolution." This date in the Gregorian calendar is a Friday. The equivalent New Style date is 31 May.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/alexander-pope">"Alexander Pope"</a>. Poetry Foundation. 29 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427012646/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/alexander-pope">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+Pope&rft.pub=Poetry+Foundation&rft.date=2021-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Fpoets%2Falexander-pope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erskine-Hill,_DNB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erskine-Hill,_DNB_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erskine-Hill, Howard (2004). "Pope, Alexander (1688–1744)", <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F22526">10.1093/ref:odnb/22526</a> (subscription required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexander_Pope'_2000-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alexander_Pope'_2000_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Alexander Pope", <i>Literature Online biography</i> (Chadwyck-Healey: Cambridge, 2000). (subscription required) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"An Act to prevent and avoid dangers which may grow by Popish Recusants" (<a href="/wiki/3_Jas._1" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Jas. 1">3 Jas. 1</a>. c. 4). For details, see <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11611c.htm">Penal Laws</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806142534/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11611c.htm">Archived</a> 6 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WF-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WF_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WF_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WF_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3704-w0010.shtml"><i>Windsor-Forest</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617055954/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3704-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumbold1989" class="citation book cs1">Rumbold, Valerie (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/womensplaceinpop0000rumb"><i>Women's Place in Pope's World</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 33, 48, 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36308-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36308-2"><bdi>978-0-521-36308-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Place+in+Pope%27s+World&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=33%2C+48%2C+128&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-521-36308-2&rft.aulast=Rumbold&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomensplaceinpop0000rumb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_2002-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_2002_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_2002_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2002" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Ian (24 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=6702">"An Epistle to a Lady (Moral Essay II)"</a>. The Literary Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007130551/http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=6702">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Epistle+to+a+Lady+%28Moral+Essay+II%29&rft.pub=The+Literary+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2002-01-24&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.litencyc.com%2Fphp%2Fsworks.php%3Frec%3Dtrue%26UID%3D6702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mount-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mount_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/70053/Martha-Blount">"Martha Blount"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130025911/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/70053/Martha-Blount">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Martha+Blount&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F70053%2FMartha-Blount&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Life of Alexander Pope</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carruthers" title="Robert Carruthers">Robert Carruthers</a>, 1857, with a corrupted and badly scanned version available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifealexanderpo00carrgoog">from Internet Archive</a>, or as an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifealexanderpo00carrgoog">even worse 23MB PDF</a>. For reference to his relationship with Martha Blount and her sister, see pp. 64–68 (p. 89 ff. of the PDF). In particular, discussion of the controversy over whether the relationship was sexual is described in some detail on pp. 76–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zachary Cope (1953) <i>William Cheselden, 1688–1752</i>. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChiswickHistory-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChiswickHistory_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClegg,_Gillian" class="citation web cs1">Clegg, Gillian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920224652/http://chiswickhistory.org.uk/html/110-people.html">"Chiswick History"</a>. <i>People: Alexander Pope</i>. chiswickhistory.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiswickhistory.org.uk/html/110-people.html">the original</a> on 20 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%3A+Alexander+Pope&rft.atitle=Chiswick+History&rft.au=Clegg%2C+Gillian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchiswickhistory.org.uk%2Fhtml%2F110-people.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/London_Evening_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="London Evening Standard">London Evening Standard</a></i>, 2 November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2021" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Robin Lane (23 July 2021). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/6a06cfab-1be7-432e-9aab-3c7ba501ac28">"The secrets and lights of Alexander Pope's Twickenham grotto"</a></span>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/6a06cfab-1be7-432e-9aab-3c7ba501ac28">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+secrets+and+lights+of+Alexander+Pope%27s+Twickenham+grotto&rft.date=2021-07-23&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Robin+Lane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F6a06cfab-1be7-432e-9aab-3c7ba501ac28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers_2006-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_2006_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2006" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Pat (2006). <i>The Major Works</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 17–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/019920361X" title="Special:BookSources/019920361X"><bdi>019920361X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Major+Works&rft.pages=17-39&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=019920361X&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baines_2001-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baines_2001_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaines2001" class="citation book cs1">Baines, Paul (2001). <i>The Complete Critical Guide to Alexander Pope</i>. Routledge Publishing. pp. 67–90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Critical+Guide+to+Alexander+Pope&rft.pages=67-90&rft.pub=Routledge+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Baines&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531103412/http://www.english-literature.org/essays/alexander-pope.html">"from the London School of Journalism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-literature.org/essays/alexander-pope.html">the original</a> on 31 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=from+the+London+School+of+Journalism.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-literature.org%2Fessays%2Falexander-pope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin Nicholson (1994). <i>Writing and the Rise of Finance: Capital Satires of the Early Eighteenth Century</i>, Cambridge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maynard Mack (1985). <i>Alexander Pope: A Life</i>. W. W. Norton & Company, and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, pp. 472–473. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393305295" title="Special:BookSources/0393305295">0393305295</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Spence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030979424;view=1up;seq=52"><i>Observations, Anecdotes, and Characters of Books and Men, Collected from the Conversation of Mr. Pope</i> (1820), p. 38</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402171055/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030979424;view=1up;seq=52">Archived</a> 2 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=3487">"Moral Essays"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809153723/https://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=3487">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moral+Essays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.litencyc.com%2Fphp%2Fsworks.php%3Frec%3Dtrue%26UID%3D3487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moral_Essays-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moral_Essays_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moral_Essays_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Pope. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTQjrVbjerwC"><i>Moral Essays</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421091327/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTQjrVbjerwC">Archived</a> 21 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2004" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Pat (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/607099760"><i>The Alexander Pope encyclopedia</i></a>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-06153-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-06153-X"><bdi>0-313-06153-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/607099760">607099760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alexander+Pope+encyclopedia&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F607099760&rft.isbn=0-313-06153-X&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F607099760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nuttal_1984-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nuttal_1984_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuttal_1984_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuttal_1984_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuttal1984" class="citation book cs1">Nuttal, Anthony (1984). <i>Pope's Essay on Man</i>. <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin" title="Allen & Unwin">Allen & Unwin</a>. pp. 3–15, 167–188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780048000170" title="Special:BookSources/9780048000170"><bdi>9780048000170</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pope%27s+Essay+on+Man&rft.pages=3-15%2C+167-188&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780048000170&rft.aulast=Nuttal&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassirer-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassirer_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassirer1944" class="citation book cs1">Cassirer, Ernst (1944). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essayonmanintrod00cass"><i>An Essay on Man; an introduction to a philosophy of human culture</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300000344" title="Special:BookSources/9780300000344"><bdi>9780300000344</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Essay+on+Man%3B+an+introduction+to+a+philosophy+of+human+culture&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1944&rft.isbn=9780300000344&rft.aulast=Cassirer&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fessayonmanintrod00cass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kXd4bRr71a4C&dq=Oliver+Wendell+Holmes+Katydid&pg=PA269"><i>A Library of Poetry and Song: Being Choice Selections from The Best Poets. With An Introduction by William Cullen Bryant</i></a>, New York, J. B. Ford and Company, 1871, pp. 269-270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKeown,_Trevor_W." class="citation web cs1">McKeown, Trevor W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/pope_a/prayer.html">"Alexander Pope 'Universal Prayer'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>bcy.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170128120922/http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/pope_a/prayer.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bcy.ca&rft.atitle=Alexander+Pope+%27Universal+Prayer%27&rft.au=McKeown%2C+Trevor+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreemasonry.bcy.ca%2Fbiography%2Fpope_a%2Fprayer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3702-w0010.shtml">Full-text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617083225/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3702-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Also at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Sambrook (2004) "Thurston, Josephlocked (1704–1732)", <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F70938">10.1093/ref:odnb/70938</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuffhead1769" class="citation book cs1">Ruffhead, Owen (1769). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifealexanderpo00ruffgoog"><i>The Life of Alexander Pope; With a Critical Essay on His Writings and Genius</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifealexanderpo00ruffgoog/page/n479">475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Alexander+Pope%3B+With+a+Critical+Essay+on+His+Writings+and+Genius&rft.pages=475&rft.date=1769&rft.aulast=Ruffhead&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifealexanderpo00ruffgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyce1863" class="citation book cs1">Dyce, Alexander (1863). <i>The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, with a Life, by A. Dyce</i>. p. cxxxi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poetical+Works+of+Alexander+Pope%2C+with+a+Life%2C+by+A.+Dyce&rft.pages=cxxxi&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Dyce&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1791" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Samuel (1791). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xWDDZ4QaA8gC"><i>The Lives of the Most Eminent Poets with Critical Observations on their Works</i></a>. Vol. IV. London: Printed for J. Rivington & Sons, and 39 others. p. 193. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407054850/https://books.google.com/books?id=xWDDZ4QaA8gC">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Most+Eminent+Poets+with+Critical+Observations+on+their+Works&rft.place=London&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Printed+for+J.+Rivington+%26+Sons%2C+and+39+others&rft.date=1791&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxWDDZ4QaA8gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHomer1725–1726" class="citation book cs1">Homer (1725–1726). <i>The Odyssey of Homer</i>. Translated by Alexander Pope; William Broome & Elijah Fenton (1st ed.). London: Bernard Lintot.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Odyssey+of+Homer&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Bernard+Lintot&rft.date=1725%2F1726&rft.au=Homer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenton1796" class="citation book cs1">Fenton, Elijah (1796). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PZDgW_comgYC&pg=PA7"><i>The poetical works of Elijah Fenton with the life of the author</i></a>. Printed for, and under the direction of, G. Cawthorn, British Library, Strand. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421091324/https://books.google.com/books?id=PZDgW_comgYC&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+poetical+works+of+Elijah+Fenton+with+the+life+of+the+author&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Printed+for%2C+and+under+the+direction+of%2C+G.+Cawthorn%2C+British+Library%2C+Strand&rft.date=1796&rft.aulast=Fenton&rft.aufirst=Elijah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPZDgW_comgYC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser1978" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, George (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alexanderpope00fras/page/52"><i>Alexander Pope</i></a></span>. Routledge. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780710089908" title="Special:BookSources/9780710089908"><bdi>9780710089908</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+Pope&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780710089908&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falexanderpope00fras%2Fpage%2F52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamrosch1987" class="citation book cs1">Damrosch, Leopold (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imaginativeworld0000damr"><i>The Imaginative World of Alexander Pope</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imaginativeworld0000damr/page/59">59</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520059757" title="Special:BookSources/9780520059757"><bdi>9780520059757</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imaginative+World+of+Alexander+Pope&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780520059757&rft.aulast=Damrosch&rft.aufirst=Leopold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimaginativeworld0000damr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen1880" class="citation book cs1">Stephen, Sir Leslie (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alexanderpope07stepgoog"><i>Alexander Pope</i></a>. Harper & Brothers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alexanderpope07stepgoog/page/n96">80</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+Pope&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Stephen&rft.aufirst=Sir+Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falexanderpope07stepgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pope-Shakespeare-Tonson_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111152105/https://shakespearebrasileiro.org/en/preface-to-shakespeare-1725-alexander-pope/">"Preface to Shakespeare, 1725, Alexander Pope"</a>. <i>ShakespeareBrasileiro</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shakespearebrasileiro.org/en/preface-to-shakespeare-1725-alexander-pope/">the original</a> on 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ShakespeareBrasileiro&rft.atitle=Preface+to+Shakespeare%2C+1725%2C+Alexander+Pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshakespearebrasileiro.org%2Fen%2Fpreface-to-shakespeare-1725-alexander-pope%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lewis-Theobald#ref59272">"Lewis Theobald"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814063758/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lewis-Theobald#ref59272">Archived</a> 14 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Genetic studies of genius</i> by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Madison_Terman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Madison Terman">Lewis Madison Terman</a> Stanford University Press, 1925 OCLC: 194203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Personhood, Poethood, and Pope: Johnson's Life of Pope and the Search for the Man Behind the Author" by Mannheimer, Katherine. <i>Eighteenth-Century Studies</i> - Volume 40, Number 4, Summer 2007, pp. 631-649 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/eighteenth-century_studies/v040/40.4mannheimer.pdf">MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221518/http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/eighteenth-century_studies/v040/40.4mannheimer.pdf">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Gilfillan (1856) "The Genius and Poetry of Pope", <i>The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope</i>, Vol. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cocel-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cocel_42-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cox, Michael, editor, <i>The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860634-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860634-6">0-19-860634-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Pope (1715) <i>The Temple of Fame: A Vision.</i> London: Printed for Bernard Lintott. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OfM-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OfM_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3688-w0010.shtml"><i>ODE FOR MUSICK.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617182256/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3688-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TCB-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TCB_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3668-w0010.shtml"><i>The Court Ballad</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617102130/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3668-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EtB-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EtB_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3689-w0010.shtml"><i>Epistle to Richard Earl of Burlington</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617131253/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3689-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TIS-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TIS_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3683-w0010.shtml"><i>The IMPERTINENT, or A Visit to the COURT. A SATYR.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617192851/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3683-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BtF-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BtF_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3665-w0010.shtml"><i>Bounce to Fop</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617124318/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3665-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H4O1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-H4O1_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3682-w0010.shtml"><i>THE FIRST ODE OF THE FOURTH BOOK OF HORACE.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617190953/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3682-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HIE1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HIE1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3677-w0010.shtml"><i>THE FIRST EPISTLE OF THE FIRST BOOK OF HORACE.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617134004/http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/works/o3677-w0010.shtml">Archived</a> 17 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"The Author as Editor: Congreve and Pope in Context."<i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_Collector" title="The Book Collector">The Book Collector</a></i> 41 (no 1) Spring, 1992:9-27.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1966" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Herbert, ed. (1966). <i>Poetical Works</i>. Oxford Standard Authors. London: Oxford U.P.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poetical+Works&rft.place=London&rft.series=Oxford+Standard+Authors&rft.pub=Oxford+U.P.&rft.date=1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack1985" class="citation book cs1">Mack, Maynard (1985). <i>Alexander Pope. A Life</i>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+Pope.+A+Life&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Maynard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ostrom, Hans (1878). "Pope's Epilogue to the Satires, 'Dialogue I'." <i>Explicator</i>, 36:4, pp. 11–14.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2007" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Pat (2007). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Alexander Pope</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Alexander+Pope&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Tillotson" title="Geoffrey Tillotson">Tillotson, Geoffrey</a> (2nd ed. 1950). <i>On the Poetry of Pope</i>. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press.</li> <li>Tillotson, Geoffrey (1958). <i>Pope and Human Nature</i>. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Pope&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alexander_Pope" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1885–1900 <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography's</a></i> article about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Pope,_Alexander_(1688%E2%80%931744)" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pope, Alexander (1688–1744)">Pope, Alexander (1688–1744)</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/authors/pers00012.shtml">Alexander Pope</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/">Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/907">Works by Alexander Pope</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Pope%2C%20Alexander%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Alexander%20Pope%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pope%2C%20Alexander%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Alexander%20Pope%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pope%2C%20A%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Alexander%20Pope%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Pope%2C%20Alexander%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Alexander%20Pope%22%29%20OR%20%28%221688-1744%22%20AND%20Pope%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Alexander Pope</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1231">Works by Alexander Pope</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/houseofcommons/reformacts/from-the-parliamentary-collections/wilkes1/wilkes2/">John Wilkes and Alexander Pope – UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennox1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lennox, Patrick Joseph (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Alexander Pope"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Alexander_Pope">"Alexander Pope" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alexander+Pope&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Lennox&rft.aufirst=Patrick+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMintoBryant1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Minto" title="William Minto">Minto, William</a>; Bryant, Margaret (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pope, Alexander"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Pope,_Alexander">"Pope, Alexander" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). pp. 82–87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pope%2C+Alexander&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=82-87&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Minto&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Bryant%2C+Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0038x97">BBC audio file</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(BBC_Radio_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)">In Our Time</a></i>, radio 4 discussion of Pope.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061010113614/http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poet/263.html">University of Toronto "Representative Poetry Online" page on Pope</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetsgraves.co.uk/pope.htm">Pope's Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=19">The Twickenham Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514003003/http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=19">Archived</a> 14 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popesgrotto.org.uk/">Pope's Grotto Preservation Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223740/http://www.richmond.gov.uk/local_history_a_pope.pdf">Richmond Libraries' Local Studies Collection. Local History</a>. Accessed 2010-10-19</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F57284">"Archival material relating to Alexander Pope"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+Alexander+Pope&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FF57284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Pope" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164047#P3029" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp03609">Portraits of Alexander Pope</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164047#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/results.aspx?index=0&mainQuery=Alexander%20Pope&searchType=all&form=basic&theme=&county=&district=&placeName=">Images relating to Alexander Pope</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731141534/http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/results.aspx?index=0&mainQuery=Alexander%20Pope&searchType=all&form=basic&theme=&county=&district=&placeName=">Archived</a> 31 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="English Heritage Archive">English Heritage Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/pope-alexander-1688-1744">Blue Plaque</a> at 110 Chiswick Lane South, Chiswick, London W4 2LR</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Alexander_Pope" title="Template:Alexander Pope"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alexander_Pope" title="Template talk:Alexander Pope"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alexander_Pope" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alexander Pope"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alexander_Pope" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander Pope</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Hours_After_Marriage" title="Three Hours After Marriage">Three Hours After Marriage</a></i> (1717)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/120px-Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/180px-Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/240px-Alexander_Pope_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2981" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Peri_Bathous,_Or_the_Art_of_Sinking_in_Poetry" title="Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry">Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry</a>" (1727)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ode_on_Solitude" title="Ode on Solitude">Ode on Solitude</a>" (1700)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pastorals_(Pope)" title="Pastorals (Pope)">Pastorals</a></i> (1709)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Criticism" title="An Essay on Criticism">An Essay on Criticism</a></i> (1711)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(English_poem)" title="Messiah (English poem)">Messiah</a></i> (1712)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock" title="The Rape of the Lock">The Rape of the Lock</a></i> (1712)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windsor-Forest" title="Windsor-Forest">Windsor-Forest</a></i> (1713)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Temple_of_Fame" title="The Temple of Fame">The Temple of Fame</a></i> (1715)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eloisa_to_Abelard" title="Eloisa to Abelard">Eloisa to Abelard</a></i> (1717)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Elegy_to_the_Memory_of_an_Unfortunate_Lady" title="Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady">Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady</a>" (1717)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Latin_poem)" title="Messiah (Latin poem)">Messiah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>'s Latin translation; 1728)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dunciad" title="The Dunciad">The Dunciad</a></i> (1728–29, 1742–43)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Man" title="An Essay on Man">An Essay on Man</a>" (1734)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Essays" title="Moral Essays">Moral Essays</a></i> (1731–35)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Dr_Arbuthnot" title="Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot">Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot</a></i> (1735)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popeswood" title="Popeswood">Popeswood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binfield#Alexander_Pope" title="Binfield">Binfield</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scriblerus_Club" title="Scriblerus Club">Scriblerus Club</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_of_Martinus_Scriblerus" title="Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus">Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who_breaks_a_butterfly_upon_a_wheel%3F" title="Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?">Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_couplet" title="Heroic couplet">Heroic couplet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Blount" title="Martha Blount">Martha Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Caryll_the_younger" title="John Caryll the younger">John Caryll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164047#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164047#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164047#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118595741">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79084387">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11920301f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11920301f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00453111">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pope, Alexander"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV026909">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35428475">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990006640&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1074614">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/62096">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068351771">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90065527">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000021637&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000012607&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000035303">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=92435">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199621957">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr5783hc1xnc7cf">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810558110405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/107619">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266613905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000205053">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514145206706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14356838">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00862004?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500012781">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6f2ccfb0-bb1e-441d-9653-ab10a0c5d00d">MusicBrainz</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0840c1a7-bda8-42c1-91e0-2c11b9c8487f">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/64275">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/24950491">Netherlands</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/20273386">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/949266">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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