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concentration</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sunlight concentration"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sunlight concentration"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sunlight concentration"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1397</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sunlight concentration</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1397</span> Electron Filling Factor and Sunlight Concentration Effects on the Efficiency of Intermediate Band Solar Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nima%20Es%27haghi%20Gorji">Nima Es'haghi Gorji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossein%20Movla"> Hossein Movla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Foozieh%20Sohrabi"> Foozieh Sohrabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alireza%20Mottaghizadeh"> Alireza Mottaghizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Houshmand"> Mohammad Houshmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hassan%20Babaei"> Hassan Babaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arash%20Nikniazi"> Arash Nikniazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>For a determined intermediate band position, the effects of electron filling factor and sunlight concentration on the active region thickness and efficiency of the quantum-dot intermediate band solar cell are calculated. For each value of electron filling factor, the maximum point of efficiency obtained and resulted in the optimum thickness of the cell under three different sunlight concentrations. We show the importance of filling factor as a parameter to be more considered. The photon recycling effect eliminated in all calculations.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intermediate%20band" title="Intermediate band">Intermediate band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sunlight%20concentration" title=" Sunlight concentration"> Sunlight concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Efficiency%20limits" title=" Efficiency limits"> Efficiency limits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electron%20filling%20factor" title=" Electron filling factor"> Electron filling factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/electron-filling-factor-and-sunlight-concentration-effects-on-the-efficiency-of-intermediate-band-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1396</span> Data Mining Determination of Sunlight Average Input for Solar Power Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fl.%20Loury">Fl. Loury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Sabloni%C3%A8re"> P. Sablonière</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Lamoureux"> C. Lamoureux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Magnier"> G. Magnier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Th.%20Gutierrez"> Th. Gutierrez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A method is proposed to extract faithful representative patterns from data set of observations when they are suffering from non-negligible fluctuations. Supposing time interval between measurements to be extremely small compared to observation time, it consists in defining first a subset of intermediate time intervals characterizing coherent behavior. Data projection on these intervals gives a set of curves out of which an ideally “perfect” one is constructed by taking the sup limit of them. Then comparison with average real curve in corresponding interval gives an efficiency parameter expressing the degradation consecutive to fluctuation effect. The method is applied to sunlight data collected in a specific place, where ideal sunlight is the one resulting from direct exposure at location latitude over the year, and efficiency is resulting from action of meteorological parameters, mainly cloudiness, at different periods of the year. The extracted information already gives interesting element of decision, before being used for analysis of plant control.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Base%20Input%20Reconstruction" title="Base Input Reconstruction">Base Input Reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Data%20Mining" title=" Data Mining"> Data Mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Efficiency%20Factor" title=" Efficiency Factor"> Efficiency Factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Information%20Pattern%20Operator." title=" Information Pattern Operator."> Information Pattern Operator.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/data-mining-determination-of-sunlight-average-input-for-solar-power-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1395</span> Degradability Studies of Photodegradable Plastic Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul">Nurul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.M.Y."> A.M.Y.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rahmah"> Rahmah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M."> M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad"> Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A."> A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Polypropylene blended with natural oil and pigment additives has been studied. Different formulations for each compound were made into polybag used for cultivation of oil palm seedlings for strength and mechanical properties studies. One group of sample was exposed under normal sunlight to initiate degradation and another group of sample was placed under shaded area for five months. All samples were tested for tensile strength to determine the degradation effects. The tensile strength of directly exposed sunlight samples and shaded area showed up to 50% and 25% degradation respectively. However, similar reduction of Young’s modulus for all samples was found for both exposures. Structural investigations were done using FTIR to detect deformation. The natural additives that were used in the studies were all natural and environmental friendly</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanical%20strength" title=" mechanical strength"> mechanical strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=photodegradable%0D%0Apolymer." title=" photodegradable polymer."> photodegradable polymer.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/degradability-studies-of-photodegradable-plastic-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2753</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1394</span> Comparative Analysis of Concentration in Insurance Markets in New EU Member States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Pavic%20Kramaric">T. Pavic Kramaric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Kitic"> M. Kitic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this article is to analyze the market structure as well as the degree of concentration in insurance markets in new EU member states. The analysis was conducted using several most commonly used concentration indicators such as concentration ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman index and entropy index. These indicators were calculated for the 2000-2010 period on the basis of total gross written premium as the most relevant indicator of market power in insurance markets. The results of the analysis showed that in all observed countries the level of concentration decreased, though with significantly different intensity. Yet, in some countries, the level of concentration remains very high.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=insurance%20market" title="insurance market">insurance market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=new%20EU%20member%0D%0Astates" title=" new EU member states"> new EU member states</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/comparative-analysis-of-concentration-in-insurance-markets-in-new-eu-member-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1393</span> Effect of Sperm Concentration and Length of Storage at 5 C on Motility of Goat Spermatozoa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sri%20Wahjuningsih">Sri Wahjuningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hermanto"> Hermanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nuryadi"> Nuryadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agus%20Budiarto">Agus Budiarto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Panji%20Bhintoro"> Panji Bhintoro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different concentration of spermatozoa and length of storage in 5 0C on sperm motility. Semen was collected using artificial vagina from goat aged 2 to 2.5 years. Fresh goat semen with sperm motility ≥ 70% was used as material. Semen was divided into 4 treatments of concentration (40 x 10 6 / ml, 50 x 106/ml, 60x106/ml, 70x106/ml) with length of storage 0,12,24,36 h. in 5 0C. There were interactions (P <0.05) between concentration and length of storage on individual motility of spermatozoa. Concentration of spermatozoa and length of storage affect the motility of individual (P <0.05). It was concluded that Sperm motility will decrease with increasing concentration and length of storage in 5 0C. Concentration of sperm 40x106/ ml and length of storage 0 h in 50C showed the highest motility of spermatozoa <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Goat" title="Goat">Goat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Length%20of%20storage" title=" Length of storage"> Length of storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Motility" title=" Motility"> Motility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sperm%20Concentration" title=" Sperm Concentration"> Sperm Concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/effect-of-sperm-concentration-and-length-of-storage-at-5-c-on-motility-of-goat-spermatozoa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2621</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1392</span> Level of Concentration in Banking Markets and Length of EU Membership</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ivan%20Pavic">Ivan Pavic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fran%20Galetic"> Fran Galetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tomislava%20Pavic%20Kramaric"> Tomislava Pavic Kramaric</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this article is to analyze the degree of concentration in the banking market in EU member states as well as to determine the impact of the length of EU membership on the degree of concentration. In that sense several analysis were conducted, specifically, panel analysis, calculation of correlation coefficient and regression analysis of the impact of the length of EU membership on the degree of concentration. Panel analysis was conducted to determine whether there is a similar trend of concentration in three groups of countries - countries with a low, moderate and high level of concentration. The conducted panel analysis showed that in EU countries with a moderate level of concentration, the level of concentration decreases. The calculation of correlation showed that, to some extent, with other influential factors, the length of EU membership negatively affects the market concentration of the banking market. Using the regression analysis for investigation of the influence of the length of EU membership on the level of concentration in the banking sector in a particular country, the results reveal that there is a negative effect of the length in EU membership on market concentration, although it is not significantly influential variable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Banking%20sector" title="Banking sector">Banking sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EU" title=" EU"> EU</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/level-of-concentration-in-banking-markets-and-length-of-eu-membership" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1863</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1391</span> A Previously Underappreciated Impact on Global Warming caused by the Geometrical and Physical Properties of desert sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20F.%20Yang">Y. F. Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20T.%20Wang"> B. T. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20J.%20Fan"> J. J. Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Yin"> J. Yin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The previous researches focused on the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gases exerting global warming, but not consider whether desert sand may warm the planet, this could be improved by accounting for sand's physical and geometric properties. Here we show, sand particles (because of their geometry) at the desert surface form an extended surface of up to 1 + π/4 times the planar area of the desert that can contact sunlight, and at shallow depths of the desert form another extended surface of at least 1 + π times the planar area that can contact air. Based on this feature, an enhanced heat exchange system between sunlight, desert sand, and air in the spaces between sand particles could be built up automatically, which can increase capture of solar energy, leading to rapid heating of the sand particles, and then the heating of sand particles will dramatically heat the air between sand particles. The thermodynamics of deserts may thus have contributed to global warming, especially significant to future global warming if the current desertification continues to expand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=global%20warming" title="global warming">global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=desert%20sand" title=" desert sand"> desert sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extended%20surface" title=" extended surface"> extended surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%0D%0Aexchange" title=" heat exchange"> heat exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/a-previously-underappreciated-impact-on-global-warming-caused-by-the-geometrical-and-physical-properties-of-desert-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1632</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1390</span> Reducing Sugar Production from Durian Peel by Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Matura%20Unhasirikul">Matura Unhasirikul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nuanphan%20Naranong"> Nuanphan Naranong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Woatthichai%20Narkrugsa"> Woatthichai Narkrugsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural waste is mainly composed of cellulose and hemicelluloses which can be converted to sugars. The inexpensive reducing sugar from durian peel was obtained by hydrolysis with HCl concentration at 0.5-2.0% (v/v). The hydrolysis range of time was for 15-60 min when the mixture was autoclaved at 121 °C. The result showed that acid hydrolysis efficiency (AHE) highest to 80.99% at condition is 2.0%concentration for 15 min. Reducing sugar highest to 56.07 g/litre at condition is 2.0% concentration for 45min. Total sugar highest to 59.83 g/litre at condition is 2.0%concentration for 45min, which was not significant (p < 0.05) with condition 2.0% concentration for 30 min and 1.5 % concentration for 45 and 60 min. The increase in concentration increased AHE, reducing sugar and total sugar. The hydrolysis time had no effect on AHE, reducing sugar and total sugar. The maximum reducing sugars of each concentration were at hydrolysis time 45 min .The hydrolysated were analysis by HPLC, the results revealed that the principle of sugar were glucose, fructose and xylose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=acid%20hydrolysis%20efficiency%20%28AHE%29" title="acid hydrolysis efficiency (AHE)">acid hydrolysis efficiency (AHE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reducing%20sugar" title=" reducing sugar"> reducing sugar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=total%20sugar" title=" total sugar"> total sugar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/reducing-sugar-production-from-durian-peel-by-hydrochloric-acid-hydrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1389</span> Mathematical Simulation of Acid Concentration Effects during Acid Nitric Leaching of Cobalt from a Mixed Cobalt-Copper Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ek%20Ngoy">Ek Ngoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A%20F%20Mulaba-Bafubiandi"> A F Mulaba-Bafubiandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cobalt was acid nitric leached from a mixed cobaltcopper oxide with variable acid concentration. Resulting experimental data were used to analyze effects of increase in acid concentration, based on a shrinking core model of the process. The mathematical simulation demonstrated that the time rate of the dissolution mechanism is an increasing function of acid concentration. It was also shown that the magnitude of the acid concentration effect is time dependent and the increase in acid concentration is more effective at earlier stage of the dissolution than at later stage. The remaining process parameters are comprehensively affected by acid concentration and their interaction is synergetic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acid%20effect" title="Acid effect">Acid effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cobalt" title=" Cobalt"> Cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cobalt-copper%20oxide" title=" Cobalt-copper oxide"> Cobalt-copper oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leaching" title=" Leaching"> Leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simulation" title=" Simulation"> Simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/mathematical-simulation-of-acid-concentration-effects-during-acid-nitric-leaching-of-cobalt-from-a-mixed-cobalt-copper-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1845</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1388</span> Effect of Concentration of Sodium Borohydrate on the Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles via Microemulsion Route</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20L.%20Liong">W. L. Liong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Srimala%20Sreekantan"> Srimala Sreekantan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sabar%20D.%20Hutagalung"> Sabar D. Hutagalung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of concentration of reduction agent of sodium borohydrate (NaBH4) on the properties of silicon nanoparticles synthesized via microemulsion route is reported. In this work, the concentration of the silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) that served as silicon source with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as stabilizer and surfactant, respectively, are keep fixed. Four samples with varied concentration of NaBH4 from 0.05 M to 0.20 M were synthesized. It was found that the lowest concentration of NaBH4 gave better formation of silicon nanoparticles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Microelmusion" title="Microelmusion">Microelmusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reduction" title=" reduction"> reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/effect-of-concentration-of-sodium-borohydrate-on-the-synthesis-of-silicon-nanoparticles-via-microemulsion-route" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1972</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1387</span> Kinetic and Optimization Studies on Ethanol Production from Corn Flour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Manikandan">K. Manikandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Viruthagiri"> T. Viruthagiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Studies on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of corn flour, a major agricultural product as the substrate using starch digesting glucoamylase enzyme derived from Aspergillus niger and non starch digesting and sugar fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a batch fermentation. Experiments based on Central Composite Design (CCD) were conducted to study the effect of substrate concentration, pH, temperature, enzyme concentration on Ethanol Concentration and the above parameters were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimum values of substrate concentration, pH, temperature and enzyme concentration were found to be 160 g/l, 5.5, 30°C and 50 IU respectively. The effect of inoculums age on ethanol concentration was also investigated. The corn flour solution equivalent to 16% initial starch concentration gave the highest ethanol concentration of 63.04 g/l after 48 h of fermentation at optimum conditions of pH and temperature. Monod model and Logistic model were used for growth kinetics and Leudeking – Piret model was used for product formation kinetics.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simultaneous%20Saccharification%20and%20Fermentation%28SSF%29" title="Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation(SSF)">Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation(SSF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Corn%20Starch" title=" Corn Starch"> Corn Starch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ethanol" title=" Ethanol"> Ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Logisitic%20Model." title=" Logisitic Model."> Logisitic Model.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/kinetic-and-optimization-studies-on-ethanol-production-from-corn-flour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3914</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1386</span> Determination of the Concentrated State Using Multiple EEG Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tae%20Jin%20Choi">Tae Jin Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jong%20Ok%20Kim"> Jong Ok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sang%20Min%20Jin"> Sang Min Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gilwon%20Yoon"> Gilwon Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Analysis of EEG brainwave provides information on mental or emotional states. One of the particular states that can have various applications in human machine interface (HMI) is concentration. 8-channel EEG signals were measured and analyzed. The concentration index was compared during resting and concentrating periods. Among eight channels, locations the frontal lobe (F<sub>p1</sub> and F<sub>p2</sub>) showed a clear increase of the concentration index during concentration regardless of subjects. The rest six channels produced conflicting observations depending on subjects. At this time, it is not clear whether individual difference or how to concentrate made these results for the rest six channels. Nevertheless, it is expected that F<sub>p1</sub> and F<sub>p2</sub> are promising locations for extracting control signal for HMI applications.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Concentration" title="Concentration">Concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EEG" title="EEG">EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=human%20machine%20interface." title=" human machine interface."> human machine interface.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/determination-of-the-concentrated-state-using-multiple-eeg-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1385</span> Stress Concentration around Countersunk Hole in Isotropic Plate under Transverse Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parveen%20K.%20Saini">Parveen K. Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tarun%20Agarwal"> Tarun Agarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>An investigation into the effect of countersunk depth, plate thickness, countersunk angle and plate width on the stress concentration around countersunk hole is carried out with the help of finite element analysis. The variation of stress concentration with respect to these parameters is studied for three types of loading viz. uniformly distributed load, uniformly varying load and functionally distributed load. The results of the finite element analysis are interpreted and some conclusions are drawn. The distribution of stress concentration around countersunk hole in isotropic plates simply supported at all the edges is found similar and is independent of loading. The maximum stress concentration also occurs at a particular point irrespective of the loading conditions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stress%20Concentration%20Factor" title="Stress Concentration Factor">Stress Concentration Factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Countersunk%20hole" title=" Countersunk hole"> Countersunk hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20element" title=" Finite element"> Finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ANSYS." title=" ANSYS."> ANSYS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/stress-concentration-around-countersunk-hole-in-isotropic-plate-under-transverse-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1384</span> Determination of Stress Concentration Factors of a Steam Turbine Rotor by FEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Nagendra%20Babu">R. Nagendra Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20V.%20Ramana"> K. V. Ramana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Mallikarjuna%20Rao"> K. Mallikarjuna Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stress Concentration Factors are significant in machine design as it gives rise to localized stress when any change in the design of surface or abrupt change in the cross section occurs. Almost all machine components and structural members contain some form of geometrical or microstructural discontinuities. These discontinuities are very dangerous and lead to failure. So, it is very much essential to analyze the stress concentration factors for critical applications like Turbine Rotors. In this paper Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with extremely fine mesh in the vicinity of the blades of Steam Turbine Rotor is applied to determine stress concentration factors. A model of Steam Turbine Rotor is shown in Fig. 1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stress%20Concentration%20Factors" title="Stress Concentration Factors">Stress Concentration Factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20Element%0AAnalysis" title=" Finite Element Analysis"> Finite Element Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20ANSYS." title=" and ANSYS."> and ANSYS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/determination-of-stress-concentration-factors-of-a-steam-turbine-rotor-by-fea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1383</span> Evaluation of Fluoride Contents of Kirkuk City's Drinking Water and Its Source: Lesser Zab River and Its Effect on Human Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abbas%20R.%20Ali">Abbas R. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Safa%20H.%20Abdulrahman"> Safa H. Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, forty samples had been collected from water of Lesser Zab River and drinking water to determine fluoride concentration and show the impact of fluoride on general health of society of Kirkuk city. Estimation of fluoride concentration and determination of its proportion in water samples were performed attentively using a fluoride ion selective electrode. The fluoride concentrations in the Lesser Zab River samples were between 0.0265 ppm and 0.0863 ppm with an average of 0.0451 ppm, whereas the average fluoride concentration in drinking water samples was 0.102 ppm and ranged from 0.010 to 0.289 ppm. A comparison between results obtained with World Health Organization (WHO) show a low concentration of fluoride in the samples of the study. Thus, for health concerns we should increase the concentration of this ion in water of Kirkuk city at least to about (1.0 ppm) and this will take place after fluorination process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fluoride%20concentration" title="Fluoride concentration">Fluoride concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lesser%20Zab%20River" title=" Lesser Zab River"> Lesser Zab River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=health%20society" title=" health society"> health society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kirkuk%20city." title=" Kirkuk city."> Kirkuk city.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/evaluation-of-fluoride-contents-of-kirkuk-citys-drinking-water-and-its-source-lesser-zab-river-and-its-effect-on-human-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1382</span> Efficacy of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Filtration with Low-Cost Organic Fiber Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gautham%20Das">Gautham Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Edward%20Morrone"> Edward Morrone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erik%20Treble"> Erik Treble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clinton%20Binder"> Clinton Binder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a low-cost filter regarding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS is a commonly used man-made chemical that can be found in a variety of household and industrial products with deleterious effects on humans. The filter consists of a combination of low-cost materials which could be locally procured. Water testing results for 4 different PFAS contaminants indicated that for Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) regulation is 7 ppt, the initial concentration was 15 ppt, and the final concentration was 3.9 ppt. For Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), the ATSDR regulation is 10.5 ppt, the initial concentration was 15 ppt, and the final concentration was 3.9 ppt. For Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the ATSDR regulation is 11 ppt, the initial concentration was 15 ppt, and the final concentration was 3.9 ppt. For Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), the ATSDR regulation is 70 ppt, the initial concentration was 15 ppt, and the final concentration was 3.9 ppt. The results indicated a 74% reduction in PFAS concentration in filtered samples. Statistical data through regression analysis showed 0.9 validity of the sample data. Initial tests show the efficiency of the proposed filter described could be far greater if tested at a greater scale. It is highly recommended further testing to be conducted to validate the data for an innovative solution to a ubiquitous problem.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PFAS" title="PFAS">PFAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PFOS" title=" PFOS"> PFOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PFOA" title=" PFOA"> PFOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PFHxS" title=" PFHxS"> PFHxS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low-cost%20filter." title=" low-cost filter."> low-cost filter.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/efficacy-of-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-filtration-with-low-cost-organic-fiber-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">653</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1381</span> Synergistic Impacts and Optimization of Gas Flow Rate, Concentration of CO2, and Light Intensity on CO2 Biofixation in Wastewater Medium by Chlorella vulgaris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Arkoazi">Ahmed Arkoazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hussein%20Znad"> Hussein Znad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ranjeet%20Utikar"> Ranjeet Utikar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The synergistic impact and optimization of gas flow rate, concentration of CO<sub>2</sub>, and light intensity on CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation rate were investigated using wastewater as a medium to cultivate <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> under different conditions (gas flow rate 1-8 L/min), CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (0.03-7%), and light intensity (150-400 µmol/m<sup>2</sup>.s)). Response Surface Methodology and Box-Behnken experimental Design were applied to find optimum values for gas flow rate, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and light intensity. The optimum values of the three independent variables (gas flow rate, concentration of CO<sub>2</sub>, and light intensity) and desirability were 7.5 L/min, 3.5%, and 400 µmol/m<sup>2</sup>.s, and 0.904, respectively. The highest amount of biomass produced and CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation rate at optimum conditions were 5.7 g/L, 1.23 gL<sup>-1</sup>d<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The synergistic effect between gas flow rate and concentration of CO<sub>2</sub>, and between gas flow rate and light intensity was significant on the three responses, while the effect between CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and light intensity was less significant on CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation rate. The results of this study could be highly helpful when using microalgae for CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation in wastewater treatment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Synergistic%20impact" title="Synergistic impact">Synergistic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CO2%20biofixation" title=" CO2 biofixation"> CO2 biofixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=airlift%20reactor." title=" airlift reactor."> airlift reactor.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/synergistic-impacts-and-optimization-of-gas-flow-rate-concentration-of-co2-and-light-intensity-on-co2-biofixation-in-wastewater-medium-by-chlorella-vulgaris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">738</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1380</span> Profit Optimization for Solar Plant Electricity Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fl.%20Loury">Fl. Loury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Sabloni%C3%A8re"> P. Sablonière</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper a stochastic scenario-based model predictive control applied to molten salt storage systems in concentrated solar tower power plant is presented. The main goal of this study is to build up a tool to analyze current and expected future resources for evaluating the weekly power to be advertised on electricity secondary market. This tool will allow plant operator to maximize profits while hedging the impact on the system of stochastic variables such as resources or sunlight shortage.</p> <p>Solving the problem first requires a mixed logic dynamic modeling of the plant. The two stochastic variables, respectively the sunlight incoming energy and electricity demands from secondary market, are modeled by least square regression. Robustness is achieved by drawing a certain number of random variables realizations and applying the most restrictive one to the system. This scenario approach control technique provides the plant operator a confidence interval containing a given percentage of possible stochastic variable realizations in such a way that robust control is always achieved within its bounds. The results obtained from many trajectory simulations show the existence of a ‘’reliable’’ interval, which experimentally confirms the algorithm robustness.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Molten%20Salt%20Storage%20System" title="Molten Salt Storage System">Molten Salt Storage System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Concentrated%20Solar%20Tower%20Power%20Plant" title=" Concentrated Solar Tower Power Plant"> Concentrated Solar Tower Power Plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Robust%20Stochastic%20Model%20Predictive%20Control." title=" Robust Stochastic Model Predictive Control. "> Robust Stochastic Model Predictive Control. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/profit-optimization-for-solar-plant-electricity-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1926</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1379</span> Comparative Studies on the Concentration of Some Heavy Metal in Urban Particulate Matter, Bangkok, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sivapan%20Choo-In">Sivapan Choo-In</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The main objective of this study was to investigate particulate matter concentration on main and secondary roadsides in urban area and study the concentration of some heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in particulate matter in the Bangkok area.     </p> <p>  The averaged particle concentration for main roadsides is higher than secondary roadsides. The particulate matter less than 10 micron concentration contribute the majority of the Total Suspended Particulate matter for main roads and zinc concentrations were higher than copper and lead for both sites.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Air%20Pollution" title="Air Pollution">Air Pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Air%20Quality" title=" Air Quality"> Air Quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pollution%20and%20monitoring." title=" Pollution and monitoring."> Pollution and monitoring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/comparative-studies-on-the-concentration-of-some-heavy-metal-in-urban-particulate-matter-bangkok-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2033</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1378</span> Computational Model for Prediction of Soil-Gas Radon-222 Concentration in Soil-Depths and Soil Grain Size Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20M.%20Yusuff">I. M. Yusuff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20M.%20Oni"> O. M. Oni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20A.%20Aremu"> A. A. Aremu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Percentage of soil-gas radon-222 concentration (<sup>222</sup>Rn) from soil-depths contributing to outdoor radon atmospheric level depends largely on some physical parameters of the soil. To determine its dependency in soil-depths, survey tests were carried out on soil depths and grain size particles using in-situ measurement method of soil-gas radon-222 concentration at different soil depths. The measurements were carried out with an electronic active radon detector (RAD-7) manufactured by Durridge Company USA. Radon-222 concentrations (<sup>222</sup>Rn) in soil-gas were measured at four different soil depths of 20, 40, 60 and 100 cm in five feasible locations. At each soil depth, soil samples were collected for grain size particle analysis using soil grasp sampler. The result showed that highest value of radon-222 concentration (24,680 ± 1960 Bqm<sup>-3</sup>) was measured at 100 cm depth with utmost grain size particle of 17.64% while the lowest concentration (7370 ± 1139 Bqm<sup>-3</sup>) was measured at 100 cm depth with least grain size particle of 10.75% respectively. A computational model was derived using SPSS regression package. This model could be a yardstick for prediction on soil gas radon concentration reference to soil grain size particle at different soil-depths.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Concentration" title="Concentration">Concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=radon" title=" radon"> radon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=colorectal" title=" colorectal"> colorectal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emanation" title=" emanation"> emanation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=yardstick." title=" yardstick."> yardstick.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/computational-model-for-prediction-of-soil-gas-radon-222-concentration-in-soil-depths-and-soil-grain-size-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">715</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1377</span> Effects of pH, Temperature, Enzyme and Substrate Concentration on Xylooligosaccharides Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20D.%20S.%20Siti-Normah">M. D. S. Siti-Normah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Sabiha-Hanim"> S. Sabiha-Hanim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Noraishah"> A. Noraishah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural residue such as oil palm fronds (OPF) is cheap, widespread and available throughout the year. Hemicelluloses extracted from OPF can be hydrolyzed to their monomers and used in production of xylooligosaccharides (XOs). The objective of the present study was to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process of OPF hemicellulose by varying pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration for production of XOs. Hemicelluloses was extracted from OPF by using 3 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) at temperature of 40°C for 4 hrs and stirred at 400 rpm. The hemicellulose was then hydrolyzed using Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase at different pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentration. XOs were characterized based on reducing sugar determination. The optimum conditions to produced XOs from OPF hemicellulose was obtained at pH 4.6, temperature of 40°C , enzyme concentration of 2 U/mL and 2% substrate concentration. The results established the suitability of oil palm fronds as raw material for production of XOs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hemicellulose" title="Hemicellulose">Hemicellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oil%20palm%20fronds" title=" oil palm fronds"> oil palm fronds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trichoderma%0Alongibrachiatum" title=" Trichoderma longibrachiatum"> Trichoderma longibrachiatum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=xylooligosaccharides." title=" xylooligosaccharides."> xylooligosaccharides.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/effects-of-ph-temperature-enzyme-and-substrate-concentration-on-xylooligosaccharides-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1376</span> Effect of Crashed Stone on Properties of Fly Ash Based-Geopolymer Concrete with Local Alkaline Activator in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20M.%20Omar">O. M. Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20D.%20Abd%20Elhameed"> G. D. Abd Elhameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20M.%20Heniegal%20H.%20A.%20Mohamadien"> A. M. Heniegal H. A. Mohamadien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green concrete are generally composed of recycling materials as hundred or partial percent substitutes for aggregate, cement, and admixture in concrete. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, efforts are needed to develop environmentally friendly construction materials. Using of fly ash based geopolymer as an alternative binder can help reduce CO2 emission of concrete. The binder of geopolymer concrete is different from the ordinary Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer Concrete specimens were prepared with different concentration of NaOH solution M10, M14, and, M16 and cured at 60ºC in duration of 24 hours and 8 hours, in addition to the curing in direct sunlight. Thus, it is necessary to study the effects of the geopolymer binder on the behavior of concrete. Concrete is made by using geopolymer technology is environmental friendly and could be considered as part of the sustainable development. In this study, the Local Alkaline Activator in Egypt and crashed stone as coarse aggregate in fly ash based-geopolymer concrete was investigated. This paper illustrates the development of mechanical properties. Since the gained compressive strength for geopolymer concrete at 28 days was in the range of 22.5MPa – 43.9MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geopolymer" title="Geopolymer">Geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=molarity" title=" molarity"> molarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sodium%20hydroxide" title=" sodium hydroxide"> sodium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sodium%0D%0Asilicate." title=" sodium silicate."> sodium silicate.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/effect-of-crashed-stone-on-properties-of-fly-ash-based-geopolymer-concrete-with-local-alkaline-activator-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2063</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1375</span> Methanol Concentration Sensitive SWCNT/Nafion Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kyongsoo%20Lee">Kyongsoo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q="> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seong-Il%20Kim"> Seong-Il Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Byeong-Kwon%20Ju"> Byeong-Kwon Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An aqueous methanol sensor for use in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) applications is demonstrated; the methanol sensor is built using dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Nafion117 solution to detect the methanol concentration in water. The study is aimed at the potential use of the carbon nanotubes array as a methanol sensor for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The concentration of methanol in the fuel circulation loop of a DMFC system is an important operating parameter, because it determines the electrical performance and efficiency of the fuel cell system. The sensor is also operative even at ambient temperatures and responds quickly to changes in the concentration levels of the methanol. Such a sensor can be easily incorporated into the methanol fuel solution flow loop in the DMFC system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methanol%20concentration" title="methanol concentration">methanol concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SWCNT" title=" SWCNT"> SWCNT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nafion%20composites" title=" nafion composites"> nafion composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/methanol-concentration-sensitive-swcntnafion-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1928</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1374</span> Using Reverse Osmosis Membrane for Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Mousavi%20Rad">S. A. Mousavi Rad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Mirbagheri"> S. A. Mirbagheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Mohammadi"> T. Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution has been researched using reverse osmosis. The influence of transmembrane pressure and feed concentration on permeate flux, water recovery, permeate concentration, and salt rejection was studied. The results showed that according to the variation of transmembrane pressure and feed concentration, the permeate flux and salt rejection were in the range 19.17 to 58.75 l/m2.min and 99.51 to 99.8 %, respectively. The highest permeate flux, 58.75 l/m2.min, and water recovery, 42.47 %, were obtained in the highest pressure and the lowest feed concentration. On the other hand, the lowest permeate concentration, 0.01 mg/l, and the highest salt rejection, 99.8 %, were obtained in the highest pressure and the lowest feed concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solution" title="solution">solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chromium" title=" Chromium"> Chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Removal" title=" Removal"> Removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reverse%0D%0Aosmosis." title=" Reverse osmosis."> Reverse osmosis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/using-reverse-osmosis-membrane-for-chromium-removal-from-aqueous-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2604</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1373</span> Flow Characteristics of Pulp Liquid in Straight Ducts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sumida">M. Sumida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experimental investigation was performed on pulp liquid flow in straight ducts with a square cross section. Fully developed steady flow was visualized and the fiber concentration was obtained using a light-section method developed by the author et al. The obtained results reveal quantitatively, in a definite form, the distribution of the fiber concentration. From the results and measurements of pressure loss, it is found that the flow characteristics of pulp liquid in ducts can be classified into five patterns. The relationships among the distributions of mean and fluctuation of fiber concentration, the pressure loss and the flow velocity are discussed, and then the features for each pattern are extracted. The degree of nonuniformity of the fiber concentration, which is indicated by the standard deviation of its distribution, is decreased from 0.3 to 0.05 with an increase in the velocity of the tested pulp liquid from 0.4 to 0.8%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fiber%20Concentration" title="Fiber Concentration">Fiber Concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flow%20Characteristic" title=" Flow Characteristic"> Flow Characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pulp%20Liquid" title=" Pulp Liquid"> Pulp Liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Straight%20Duct." title=" Straight Duct."> Straight Duct.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/flow-characteristics-of-pulp-liquid-in-straight-ducts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1372</span> Solid Concentration in Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor for the MTO Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biao%20Wang">Biao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tao%20Li"> Tao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qi-wen%20Sun"> Qi-wen Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wei-yong%20Ying"> Wei-yong Ying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ding-ye%20Fang"> Ding-ye Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Methanol-to-olefins (MTO) coupled with transformation of coal or natural gas to methanol gives an interesting and promising way to produce ethylene and propylene. To investigate solid concentration in gas-solid fluidized bed for methanol-to-olefins process catalyzed by SAPO-34, a cold model experiment system is established in this paper. The system comprises a gas distributor in a 300mm internal diameter and 5000mm height acrylic column, the fiber optic probe system and series of cyclones. The experiments are carried out at ambient conditions and under different superficial gas velocity ranging from 0.3930m/s to 0.7860m/s and different initial bed height ranging from 600mm to 1200mm. The effects of radial distance, axial distance, superficial gas velocity, initial bed height on solid concentration in the bed are discussed. The effects of distributor shape and porosity on solid concentration are also discussed. The time-averaged solid concentration profiles under different conditions are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Branched%20pipe%20distributor" title="Branched pipe distributor">Branched pipe distributor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=distributor%20porosity" title=" distributor porosity"> distributor porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas-solid%20fluidized%20bed" title="gas-solid fluidized bed">gas-solid fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20concentration." title=" solid concentration."> solid concentration.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/solid-concentration-in-circulating-fluidized-bed-reactor-for-the-mto-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1371</span> Recovery of Copper and DCA from Simulated Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration (MEUF)Waste Stream</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chuan-Kun%20Liu">Chuan-Kun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chi-Wang%20Li"> Chi-Wang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simultaneous recovery of copper and DCA from simulated MEUF concentrated stream was investigated. Effects of surfactant (DCA) and metal (copper) concentrations, surfactant to metal molar ratio (S/M ratio), electroplating voltage, EDTA concentration, solution pH, and salt concentration on metal recovery and current efficiency were studied. Electric voltage of -0.5 V was shown to be optimum operation condition in terms of Cu recovery, current efficiency, and surfactant recovery. Increasing Cu recovery and current efficiency were observed with increases of Cu concentration while keeping concentration of DCA constant. However, increasing both Cu and DCA concentration while keeping S/M ratio constant at 2.5 showed detrimental effect on Cu recovery at DCA concentration higher than 15 mM. Cu recovery decreases with increasing pH while current efficiency showed an opposite trend. It is believed that conductivity is the main cause for discrepancy of Cu recovery and current efficiency observed at different pH. Finally, it was shown that EDTA had adverse effect on both Cu recovery and current efficiency while addition of NaCl salt had negative impact on current efficiency at concentration higher than 8000 mg/L. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metal%20recovery" title="metal recovery">metal recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MEUF%20waste" title=" MEUF waste"> MEUF waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electroplating." title="electroplating.">electroplating.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/recovery-of-copper-and-dca-from-simulated-micellar-enhanced-ultrafiltration-meufwaste-stream" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1370</span> Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Surface Sediment of West Port, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.Tavakoly%20Sany">B.Tavakoly Sany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Salleh"> A. Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.H%20.Sulaiman"> A.H .Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Mehdinia"> A. Mehdinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GH.%20Monazami"> GH. Monazami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>One year (November 2009-October 2010) sediment monitoring was used to evaluate pollution status, concentration and distribution of heavy metals (As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in West Port of Malaysia. Sediment sample were collected from nine stations every four months. Geo-accumulation factor and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were estimated to better understand the pollution level in study area. The heavy metal concentration (Mg/g dry weight) were ranged from 20.2 to 162 for As, 7.4 to 27.6 for Cu, 0.244 to 3.53 for Cd, 11.5 to 61.5 for Cr, 0.11 to 0.409 for Hg, 7.2 to 22.2 for Ni, 22.3 to 80 for Pb and 23 to 98.3 for Zn. In general, concentration some metals (As,Cd, Hg and Pb) was higher than background values that are considered as serious concern for aquatic life and the human health.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heavy%20metals" title="Heavy metals">Heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sediment%20Quality" title=" Sediment Quality"> Sediment Quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geo-accumulationindex" title=" geo-accumulationindex"> geo-accumulationindex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pollution%20Load%20Index" title=" Pollution Load Index"> Pollution Load Index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/geochemical-assessment-of-heavy-metals-concentration-in-surface-sediment-of-west-port-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1369</span> Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Nanoparticle Mass Concentration and Heat Input of Loop Heat Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Gunnasegaran">P. Gunnasegaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Abdullah"> M. Z. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Yusoff"> M. Z. Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Irmawati"> Nur Irmawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents experimental and optimization of nanoparticle mass concentration and heat input based on the total thermal resistance (Rth) of loop heat pipe (LHP), employed for PCCPU cooling. In this study, silica nanoparticles (SiO2) in water with particle mass concentration ranged from 0% (pure water) to 1% is considered as the working fluid within the LHP. The experimental design and optimization is accomplished by the design of experimental tool, Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results show that the nanoparticle mass concentration and the heat input have significant effect on the Rth of LHP. For a given heat input, the Rth is found to decrease with the increase of the nanoparticle mass concentration up to 0.5% and increased thereafter. It is also found that the Rth is decreased when the heat input is increased from 20W to 60W. The results are optimized with the objective of minimizing the Rth, using Design-Expert software, and the optimized nanoparticle mass concentration and heat input are 0.48% and 59.97W, respectively, the minimum thermal resistance being 2.66 (ºC/W). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Loop%20heat%20pipe" title="Loop heat pipe">Loop heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%0D%0Aresistance." title=" thermal resistance."> thermal resistance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/experimental-investigation-and-optimization-of-nanoparticle-mass-concentration-and-heat-input-of-loop-heat-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1823</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1368</span> Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Concentration in Freshwater from Jega River, Kebbi State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Y.%20Bawa">D. Y. Bawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20I.%20Ribah"> M. I. Ribah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20S.%20Jega"> I. S. Jega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20O.%20Oyedepo"> V. O. Oyedepo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study was conducted to determine the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal concentration (Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn)) in freshwater from Jega river. 30 water samples were collected in two 1-liter sterile plastic containers from three designated sampling points, namely; Station A (before the bridge; upstream), Station B (at the bridge where human activities such as washing of cars, motorbike, clothes, bathing and other household materials are concentrated), Station C (after the bridge; downstream) fortnightly, between March and July 2014. Results indicated that the highest pH mean value of 7.08 ± 1.12 was observed in station C, the highest conductivity with the mean 58.75 ± 7.87 µs/cm was observed at station A, the highest mean value of the water total hardness was observed at station A (54 ± 16.11 mg/L), the highest mean value of nitrate deposit was observed in station A (1.66 ± 1.33 mg/L), the highest mean value of alkalinity was observed at station B (51.33 ± 6.66 mg/L) and the highest mean (39.56 ± 3.24 mg/L) of total dissolved solids was observed at station A. The highest concentration mean value of Fe was observed in station C (65.33 ± 4.50 mg/L), the highest concentrations of Cd was observed in station C (0.99 ± 0.36 mg/L), the mean value of 2.13 ± 1.99 mg/L was the highest concentration of Zn observed in station B, the concentration of Pb was not detected (ND) and the highest concentration of Cu with the mean value of 0.43 ± 0.16 mg/L was observed in station B, while the lowest concentration was observed at station C (0.27 ± 0.26 mg/L). Statistical analysis shows no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the sampling stations for both the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal concentrations. The results were found to be within the internationally acceptable standard limits.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Assessment" title="Assessment">Assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=freshwater" title=" freshwater"> freshwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heavy%20metal%20concentration" title=" heavy metal concentration"> heavy metal concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=physicochemical." title=" physicochemical. "> physicochemical. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008771/assessment-of-physicochemical-characteristics-and-heavy-metals-concentration-in-freshwater-from-jega-river-kebbi-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008771/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008771/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008771/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008771/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008771/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008771/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn 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