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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Agintarien_kronograma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agintarien_kronograma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Agintarien kronograma</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Agintarien_kronograma-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Agintarien kronograma azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Agintarien_kronograma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awan_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awan_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Awan dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awan_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simash_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simash_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Simash dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simash_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eparti_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eparti_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Eparti dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eparti_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Babiloniako_dinastia_(K.a._1770-_K.a._1500)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Babiloniako_dinastia_(K.a._1770-_K.a._1500)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Babiloniako dinastia (K.a. 1770- K.a. 1500)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Babiloniako_dinastia_(K.a._1770-_K.a._1500)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Igehalkid_dinastia_(K.a._1350-K.a._1200)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Igehalkid_dinastia_(K.a._1350-K.a._1200)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Igehalkid dinastia (K.a. 1350-K.a. 1200)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Igehalkid_dinastia_(K.a._1350-K.a._1200)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shutrukida_dinastia_(K.a._1205-K.a._1100)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shutrukida_dinastia_(K.a._1205-K.a._1100)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Shutrukida dinastia (K.a. 1205-K.a. 1100)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shutrukida_dinastia_(K.a._1205-K.a._1100)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azken_Elamita_dinastia_(K.a._743-K.a._644)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azken_Elamita_dinastia_(K.a._743-K.a._644)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Azken Elamita dinastia (K.a. 743-K.a. 644)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azken_Elamita_dinastia_(K.a._743-K.a._644)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizkuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizkuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hizkuntza</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hizkuntza-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Hizkuntza azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hizkuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beste_hizkuntz_familiekin_iradokitako_harremanak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beste_hizkuntz_familiekin_iradokitako_harremanak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Beste hizkuntz familiekin iradokitako harremanak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beste_hizkuntz_familiekin_iradokitako_harremanak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aipamenak_Biblian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aipamenak_Biblian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aipamenak Biblian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aipamenak_Biblian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 81 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9D" title="ኤላም – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤላም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عيلام – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عيلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_elamita" title="Imperiu elamita – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu elamita" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عیلام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عیلام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Элам – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Элам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Элам – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Элам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Элам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Элам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Елам – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="شارستانیەتی ئیلام – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شارستانیەتی ئیلام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Элам – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam_(Altertum)" title="Elam (Altertum) – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elam (Altertum)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Ελάμ – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elamo" title="Elamo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam_(reino)" title="Elam (reino) – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elam (reino)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تمدن ایلام – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تمدن ایلام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lam" title="Élam – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="עילם – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עילם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="ईलम – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईलम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A1m" title="Elám – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Էլամ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="エラム – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ელამი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Элам – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Элам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%9E%8C" title="엘람 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘람" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Элам – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Элам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Elaman" title="Impero Elaman – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Impero Elaman" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elamas" title="Elamas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elama" title="Elama – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elama" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elama" title="Elama – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Elama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Елам – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Елам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ഈലം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഈലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ایلام – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ایلام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A3o" title="Elão – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Элам – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Элам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciilaam" title="Ciilaam – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ciilaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam%C3%ABt" title="Elamët – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Elamët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Елам – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Елам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elamu" title="Elamu – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elamu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஈலாம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈலாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Элом – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Элом" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="เอลาม – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอลาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Елам – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Елам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عیلام – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عیلام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%85%B0" title="埃兰 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ელამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ელამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%98%AD" title="埃蘭 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃蘭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam" title="Elam – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Elam" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%98%AD" title="埃蘭 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埃蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128904#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Elam&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> 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accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Elam_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Elam_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Elamdar Inperioaren kokapena.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sumerrera" title="Sumerrera">sumerreraz</a>: <span lang="sux"><span style="font-size:125%;font-family:Akkadian;" title="cuneiform text">𒉏𒈠𒆠</span></span>) edo Khuzestan Bakhtiari <b>Susiana</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> ibaiaren behe-arroaren ekialdeko antzinako lurraldea izan zen, gaurko <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraken</a> arteko mugan. Hiri nagusiak: <a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a> (non zegoen zehaztu gabe dago oraindik) eta <a href="/wiki/Susa_(hiria)" title="Susa (hiria)">Susa</a> (Iran). Jentilizioa elamdar da.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historiako lehen garaietan erreinu askea izan zen; Susa zuen hiriburua. Elamdarrek sarritan eraso zioten <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamiari</a>, baina <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">sumertarrek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babiloniar_Inperioa" title="Babiloniar Inperioa">babiloniarrek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Asiria" title="Asiria">asiriarrek</a> askotan menderatu zituzten. <a href="/wiki/K.a._720" class="mw-redirect" title="K.a. 720">K.a. 720</a>-<a href="/wiki/K._a._640" class="mw-redirect" title="K. a. 640">640</a> bitarteko urteetan Elam asiriarrekin gerran ibili zen etengabe ia, <a href="/wiki/Assurbanipal" class="mw-redirect" title="Assurbanipal">Asurbanipalek</a> menderatu zuen arte. <a href="/wiki/K.a._612" class="mw-redirect" title="K.a. 612">K.a. 612an</a>, asiriarrak menderatuak izan zirenean, <a href="/wiki/Akemenestar_Inperioa" title="Akemenestar Inperioa">Persiar Inperioaren</a> eskuetara igaro zen Elam. <a href="/wiki/Akemenestar_Inperioa" title="Akemenestar Inperioa">Akemenestarren</a> mende zegoela, <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handiak</a> konkistatu zuen eta, ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Seleukotar_Inperioa" title="Seleukotar Inperioa">seleukotarren inperioko</a> herrialdea izan zen. </p><p>Elamdarrek berezko hizkuntza batez hitz egiten zuten, <a href="/wiki/Idazkera_kuneiforme" title="Idazkera kuneiforme">idazkera kuneiformez</a> idazten zena; honen lekukotasunek <a href="/w/index.php?title=K.o._IV.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K.o. IV. (sortu gabe)">K.o. IV.</a> mendera arte irauten dute. Hizkuntzak eta arteak Babiloniako akadtarren eragin handia izan zuten. Elamgo zibilizazioaren goren maila <a href="/wiki/K.a._XIII._mendea" title="K.a. XIII. mendea">K.a. XIII</a>-<a href="/wiki/K.a._XII._mendea" title="K.a. XII. mendea">XII.</a> mendeetan etorri zen; garai hartako monumentu bikain asko gorde dira (Napir-Azu erreginaren brontzezko irudia, <a href="/wiki/Louvre_museoa" title="Louvre museoa">Louvreko museoan</a>; Txoga-Zanbil, Susako hiriaren ondoko aztarnategiko <a href="/wiki/Zigurat" title="Zigurat">zigurata</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agintarien_kronograma">Agintarien kronograma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Agintarien kronograma»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Agintarien kronograma"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awan_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)"><span id="Awan_dinastia_.28data_zehatzak_ezezagunak.29"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awan_dinastia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awan dinastia (sortu gabe)">Awan dinastia</a> (data zehatzak ezezagunak)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Awan dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Awan dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Peli (K.a. 2500).</li> <li>Tata (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Ukku-Takhesh (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Kishhur (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Shushun-Tarana (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Napil-Khush (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Kikku-Sive-Temti (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Lukh-Ishshan (K.a. XXIV. mendea).</li> <li>Khelu (K.a. 2300).</li> <li>Khita (K.a. 2275).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutik-Inshushinnak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kutik-Inshushinnak (sortu gabe)">Kutik-Inshushinnak</a> (K.a. 2240).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simash_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)"><span id="Simash_dinastia_.28data_zehatzak_ezezagunak.29"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shimash_dinastia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shimash dinastia (sortu gabe)">Simash dinastia</a> (data zehatzak ezezagunak)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Simash dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Simash dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gir-Namme (K.a. 2030).</li> <li>Enpi-Luhhan (K.a. 2010).</li> <li>Khutran-Temtt (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Kindattu (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Indattu-Inshushinnak I (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Tan-Rukhurater (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Indattu-Inshushinnak II (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Indattu-Napir (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Indattu-Tempt (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eparti_dinastia_(data_zehatzak_ezezagunak)"><span id="Eparti_dinastia_.28data_zehatzak_ezezagunak.29"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eparti_dinastia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eparti dinastia (sortu gabe)">Eparti dinastia</a> (data zehatzak ezezagunak)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eparti dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Eparti dinastia (data zehatzak ezezagunak)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Eparti I (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Eparti II (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Eparti III (K.a. 1850).</li> <li>Shilkhakha (data zehatza ezezaguna).</li> <li>Attakhushu (K.a. 1830).</li> <li>Sirukdukh (K.a. 1792).</li> <li>Shimut-Wartash (K.a. 1772- K.a. 1770).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Alter_Orient_1700BC-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alter_Orient_1700BC-es.svg/250px-Alter_Orient_1700BC-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alter_Orient_1700BC-es.svg/330px-Alter_Orient_1700BC-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alter_Orient_1700BC-es.svg/500px-Alter_Orient_1700BC-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>Ekialde Hurbila K.a. 1700 inguruan, Babiloniako dinastiaren garaian.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Babiloniako_dinastia_(K.a._1770-_K.a._1500)"><span id="Babiloniako_dinastia_.28K.a._1770-_K.a._1500.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Babiloniar_Inperioa" title="Babiloniar Inperioa">Babiloniako dinastia</a> (K.a. 1770- K.a. 1500)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Babiloniako dinastia (K.a. 1770- K.a. 1500)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Babiloniako dinastia (K.a. 1770- K.a. 1500)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Siwe-Palar-Khuppak (K.a. 1770-1745).</li> <li>Kuduzulush I (K.a. 1745-1730).</li> <li>Kutir-Nahhunte I (K.a. 1730-1700).</li> <li>Lila-Ir-Tash (K.a. 1700-1698).</li> <li>Temti-Agun I (K.a. 1698-1690).</li> <li>Tan-Uli (K.a. 1690-1655).</li> <li>Temti-Khalki (K.a. 1655-1650).</li> <li>Kuk Nashur II (K.a. 1650-1635).</li> <li>Kutir-Shilkhakha I.a (K.a. 1635-1625).</li> <li>Temti-Raptash (K.a. 1625-1605).</li> <li>Kuduzulush II (K.a. 1605-1600).</li> <li>Tata (K.a. 1600-1580).</li> <li>Atta-Merra-Khalki (K.a. 1580-1570).</li> <li>Pala-Ishshan (K.a. 1570-1545).</li> <li>Kuk-Kirwash (K.a. 1545-1520).</li> <li>Kuk-Nahhunte (K.a. 1520-1505).</li> <li>Kutir-Nahhunte II.a (K.a. 1505-????).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Igehalkid_dinastia_(K.a._1350-K.a._1200)"><span id="Igehalkid_dinastia_.28K.a._1350-K.a._1200.29"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Igehalkid_dinastia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igehalkid dinastia (sortu gabe)">Igehalkid dinastia</a> (K.a. 1350-K.a. 1200)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Igehalkid dinastia (K.a. 1350-K.a. 1200)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Igehalkid dinastia (K.a. 1350-K.a. 1200)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ige-Halki (K.a. 1350-1330).</li> <li>Pakhir-Ishshan (K.a. 1330-1310).</li> <li>Attar-Kittakh (K.a. 1310-1300).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humban-Noumena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humban-Noumena (sortu gabe)">Humban-</a> Numena (K.a. 1300-1275).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Untash-Naprisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Untash-Naprisha (sortu gabe)">Untash-Naprisha</a> (K.a. 1275-1240).</li> <li>Unpatar-Naprisha (K.a. 1240-1235).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kidin-Hutran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kidin-Hutran (sortu gabe)">Kidin-Hutran</a> (K.a. 1235-1210).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Alter_Orient_1200BC-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Alter_Orient_1200BC-es.svg/220px-Alter_Orient_1200BC-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Alter_Orient_1200BC-es.svg/330px-Alter_Orient_1200BC-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Alter_Orient_1200BC-es.svg/440px-Alter_Orient_1200BC-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>Ekialde Hurbila K.a. 1200 inguruan, Shutrukida dinastiaren garaian.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shutrukida_dinastia_(K.a._1205-K.a._1100)"><span id="Shutrukida_dinastia_.28K.a._1205-K.a._1100.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Sutrukida" title="Sutrukida">Shutrukida dinastia</a> (K.a. 1205-K.a. 1100)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Shutrukida dinastia (K.a. 1205-K.a. 1100)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Shutrukida dinastia (K.a. 1205-K.a. 1100)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Khallutush-In-Shushinak (K.a. 1205-1185).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutruk-Nahhunte" title="Shutruk-Nahhunte">Shutruk-Nahhunte</a> (K.a. 1185-1155).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudur-Nahhunte_III.a" title="Kudur-Nahhunte III.a">Kutir-Nahhunte III.a</a> (K.a. 1155-1150).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silkhak-Inshushinak" title="Silkhak-Inshushinak">Silhak-Inshushinak</a> (K.a. 1150-1120).</li> <li>Khutelutush-In-Shushinak (K.a. 1120-1110).</li> <li>Shilhana-Hamru-Lagamar (K.a. 1110-????).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ummanaldash,_King_of_Elam_645-640_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ummanaldash%2C_King_of_Elam_645-640_BCE.jpg/250px-Ummanaldash%2C_King_of_Elam_645-640_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ummanaldash%2C_King_of_Elam_645-640_BCE.jpg/330px-Ummanaldash%2C_King_of_Elam_645-640_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Ummanaldash%2C_King_of_Elam_645-640_BCE.jpg/500px-Ummanaldash%2C_King_of_Elam_645-640_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>Ummanaldash/Humban-Haltash/Khumma-Khaldash III, Elamgo erregea.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azken_Elamita_dinastia_(K.a._743-K.a._644)"><span id="Azken_Elamita_dinastia_.28K.a._743-K.a._644.29"></span>Azken <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elamiten_dinastia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elamiten dinastia (sortu gabe)">Elamita dinastia</a> (K.a. 743-K.a. 644)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Azken Elamita dinastia (K.a. 743-K.a. 644)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Azken Elamita dinastia (K.a. 743-K.a. 644)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Khumbanigash I (K.a. 743-717).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuturnakhkhunte_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuturnakhkhunte II (sortu gabe)">Shuturnakhkhunte II</a> (K.a. 717-699).</li> <li>Khallushu (K.a. 699-693).</li> <li>Kutir-Nakhkhunte (K.a. 693-692).</li> <li>Khumma-Menanu (K.a. 692-689).</li> <li>Humban-Haltash I (K.a. 689-681).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humban%E2%80%93Haltash_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humban–Haltash II (sortu gabe)">Humban-Haltash II</a> (K.a. 681-680).</li> <li>Humban-Haltash II eta Shilhak-In-Shushinak (K.a. 680-676).</li> <li>Shilhak-In-Shushinak eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urtaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urtaki (sortu gabe)">Urtaki</a> (K.a. 676-664).</li> <li>Shilhak-In-Shushinak eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temti-Humban-Inshushinak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temti-Humban-Inshushinak (sortu gabe)">Temti-Humban-Inshushinak</a> (K.a. 664-653).</li> <li>Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak eta Khumbanigash II (K.a. 653-651).</li> <li>Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tammaritu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tammaritu (sortu gabe)">Tammaritu</a> (K.a. 651-649).</li> <li>Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak eta Indabigash (K.a. 649-648).</li> <li>Indabigash (K.a. 648-647).</li> <li>Khumma-Khaldash III (K.a. 647-644).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hizkuntza">Hizkuntza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hizkuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Hizkuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elamera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elamera (sortu gabe)">Elamera</a> tradizioz <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_bakartu" title="Hizkuntza bakartu">hizkuntza isolatua</a> dela uste da, eta inguruko <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_semitikoak" title="Hizkuntza semitikoak">hizkuntza semitikoekin</a>, bera bezala isolatuak diren <a href="/wiki/Sumerrera" title="Sumerrera">sumererarekin,</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasite_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasite hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">kasitarekin</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hurriera" title="Hurriera">hurrierarekin</a>, bai eta beranduago Elam eskualdean K.a. 6. mendean nagusi izatera iritsi ziren <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">indoeuropar</a> <a href="/wiki/Irandar_hizkuntzak" title="Irandar hizkuntzak">Irango hizkuntzekin</a> zerikusirik gabekoa. <a href="/wiki/Asiria" title="Asiria">Asiriako</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Babiloniar_Inperioa" title="Babiloniar Inperioa">Babiloniako</a> <a href="/wiki/Akadera" title="Akadera">akadiar</a> semitikotik egokitutako <a href="/wiki/Idazkera_kuneiforme" title="Idazkera kuneiforme">idazkera kuneiformean</a> idatzi zen, nahiz eta dokumenturik zaharrenak "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Elamera_lineala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elamera lineala (sortu gabe)">elamera lineala</a>" delako idazkera nahiko ezberdinean idatzi ziren. 2006an antzeko idazkera batean egindako bi inskripzio are zaharrago aurkitu ziren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiroft (sortu gabe)">Jiroft-en</a>, Elam-en ekialdean, eta arkeologoek elamera lineala jatorriz ekialdetik <a href="/wiki/Susa_(hiria)" title="Susa (hiria)">Susara</a> hedatu zela espekulatu zuten. Badirudi "aitzin-elamera" izenaz ezagutzen den lehenagoko idazkeratik garatu dela, baina adituak ez daude ados idazkera hori elamera ala beste hizkuntza bat idazteko erabili zen, oraindik deszifratu gabe baitago. Hizkuntzaren hainbat garai daude lekukoturik; lehena K.a. hirugarren milurtekokoak dira, eta azkena <a href="/wiki/Akemenestar_Inperioa" title="Akemenestar Inperioa">Akemenestar Inperiokoa</a>. </p><p>Baliteke elamerak <a href="/wiki/Islamaren_historia" title="Islamaren historia">islamiar garaiaren</a> hasieraraino irautea <a href="/wiki/Goi_Erdi_Aroa" title="Goi Erdi Aroa">(Europako Erdi Aroko hasieraraino</a>, gutxi gorabehera). Islamiar historialarien artean<a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_izenaren_jatorria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khuzestan izenaren jatorria (sortu gabe)">,</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Nadim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Nadim (sortu gabe)">Ibn al-Nadim</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_izenaren_jatorria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khuzestan izenaren jatorria (sortu gabe)">Erdi Aroko historialari</a>ak idatzi zuenez, adibidez, "Irango hizkuntzak dira <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahlavi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahlavi (sortu gabe)">fahlavi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pehleviera" title="Pehleviera">pehleviera</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoroastriar_dari_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoroastriar dari hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">dari</a> (ez da nahastu behar Afganistan modernoko <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">dari</a>-rekin, hau da, bertako persierarekin), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khuzi (sortu gabe)">khuzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persiera" title="Persiera">persiera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Asiriera" title="Asiriera">suryaniera</a>", eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_Ibn_al-Muqaffa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (sortu gabe)">Ibn Moqaffak</a> adierazi zuen <i>khuzi</i> Persiako errege-erreginen hizkuntza ez-ofiziala zela, "Khuz" Elam-en izen usteldua izanik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beste_hizkuntz_familiekin_iradokitako_harremanak">Beste hizkuntz familiekin iradokitako harremanak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Beste hizkuntz familiekin iradokitako harremanak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Beste hizkuntz familiekin iradokitako harremanak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hizkuntzalari gehienek elamera <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_bakartu" title="Hizkuntza bakartu">hizkuntza isolatu</a>tzat hartzen duten arren, aditu gutxi batzuek, hala nola <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_McAlpine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David McAlpine (sortu gabe)">David McAlpine</a>-k, proposatu dute elamera <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_drabidikoak" title="Hizkuntza drabidikoak">hizkuntza drabidikoekin</a> lotuta egon litekeela. Hipotesi honi (hizkuntzalarien kritika sendoak jasan dituena) hizkuntza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elamo-dravidiar_hizkuntzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elamo-dravidiar hizkuntzak (sortu gabe)">elamo-dravidikoak</a> izena eman zaio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aipamenak_Biblian">Aipamenak Biblian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aipamenak Biblian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Aipamenak Biblian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bibliak aipatzen du - <a href="https://eu.wikisource.org/wiki/Biblia/G%C3%A9nesis#5:32,10:22._atala" class="extiw" title="s:Biblia/Génesis">Génesis 5:32,10:22</a> - Elam <a href="/wiki/Sem" title="Sem">Semen (Noeren semea) semeetako bat zela</a>. Bertset horiek semiten jaioterrira, Mesopotamiara eta Arabia ekialdera eramaten dute irakurlea. Elam mendebaldean <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris beherearekin</a> eta ipar-ekialdean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdialdea_(Ekialde_Hurbila)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdialdea (Ekialde Hurbila) (sortu gabe)">Mediarekin</a> muga egiten zuen eskualdea zen. Susa, Elamgo antzinako hiriburua (cf. <a href="https://eu.wikisource.org/wiki/Biblia/Daniel#8:9._atala" class="extiw" title="s:Biblia/Daniel">Dn 8:9</a>), geroago <a href="/wiki/Persiar_Inperioa" title="Persiar Inperioa">Persiar Inperioko</a> hiriburuetako bat bihurtu zen (ikus, adibidez, <a href="https://eu.wikisource.org/wiki/Biblia/Ester#1:2._atala" class="extiw" title="s:Biblia/Ester">Est 1:2</a>). Horrez gain, Elamek badu bere profezia —<a href="https://eu.wikisource.org/wiki/Biblia/Jerem%C3%ADas#49._atala" class="extiw" title="s:Biblia/Jeremías">Jeremías 49</a>, 34. bertsetetik aurrera—, non Jehobak gaitzak bidaltzen dizkion herri honi, denboraren amaieran berriro elkartuko dituela zin eginez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik txertatu zen 2011/12/27 egunean. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia2004/XII/16"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>.  (2004/XII/16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak0/Araua_0142.pdf"><i>142. araua: Antzinateko eskualdeen euskarazko izenak. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/Bilbo" title="Bilbo">Bilbo</a></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: otsaila 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia2015-1-30"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>.  (2015-1-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0174.pdf"><i>174. araua: Antzinateko herriak. Ekialdeko eta Europako herriak. </i></a>, 9 or.</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span> Tobalina, Eva (2024): "Los elamitas. El Reino Olvidado (Mesopotamia y su entorno 1)". <i>Raices de Europa [Youtuben]</i></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128904" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q128904">Q128904</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elam">Elam</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q128904%22">Q128904</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-243355130">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/243355130">243355130</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83181686">n83181686</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575957">00575957</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge601535">ge601535</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Elamite">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128904" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q128904">Q128904</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elam">Elam</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q128904%22">Q128904</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Akemenestar_Inperioko_satraperriak(Behistungo,_Persepolisko,_Naqsh-e_Rostamgo,_Susako_eta_Daivako_idazkunen_arabera)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em; line-height:1.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Akemenestar_satraperriak" title="Txantiloi:Akemenestar satraperriak"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";padding:0.25em; line-height:1.2em;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Akemenestar_satraperriak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Akemenestar satraperriak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";padding:0.25em; line-height:1.2em;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Akemenestar_satraperriak&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";padding:0.25em; line-height:1.2em;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Akemenestar_Inperioko_satraperriak(Behistungo,_Persepolisko,_Naqsh-e_Rostamgo,_Susako_eta_Daivako_idazkunen_arabera)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Akemenestar_Inperioa" title="Akemenestar Inperioa">Akemenestar Inperioko</a> <a href="/wiki/Satraperria" class="mw-redirect" title="Satraperria">satraperriak</a><div style="font-size:80%; font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Behistungo_inskripzioa" title="Behistungo inskripzioa">Behistungo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolisko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-e_Rostam" title="Naqsh-e Rostam">Naqsh-e Rostamgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susa_(hiria)" title="Susa (hiria)">Susako</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daiva (sortu gabe)">Daivako</a> idazkunen arabera)</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em; line-height:1.4em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Akaufaka • <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arakosia" title="Arakosia">Arakosia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aria_(eskualdea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aria (eskualdea) (sortu gabe)">Aria</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persiar_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persiar Armenia (sortu gabe)">Armenia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asiria" title="Asiria">Asiria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Babilonia_(hiria)" title="Babilonia (hiria)">Babilonia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baktria" class="mw-redirect" title="Baktria">Baktria</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dahae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dahae (sortu gabe)">Dahae</a> • <a href="/wiki/Drangiana" title="Drangiana">Drangiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egiptoko_XXVII._dinastia" title="Egiptoko XXVII. dinastia">I. egiptoar satraperria</a> / <a href="/wiki/Egiptoko_XXXI._dinastia" title="Egiptoko XXXI. dinastia">II. egiptoar satraperria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eber-Nari" title="Eber-Nari">Eber-Nari</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gedrosia" title="Gedrosia">Gedrosia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hindush" title="Hindush">Hindush</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hirkania" title="Hirkania">Hirkania</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jonia" title="Jonia">Jonia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kapadozia" title="Kapadozia">Kapadozia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karia" title="Karia">Karia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Korasmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Korasmia">Korasmia</a> • Kuadia • <a href="/wiki/Libiako_historia" title="Libiako historia">Libia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazun (sortu gabe)">Mazun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Media" title="Media">Media</a> • <a href="/wiki/Partia" title="Partia">Partia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fars" title="Fars">Persia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saka" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Saka">Saka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lidia" title="Lidia">Sardis</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satagidia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satagidia (sortu gabe)">Satagidia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skudra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skudra (sortu gabe)">Skudra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sogdiana" title="Sogdiana">Sogdiana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yehud_Medinata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yehud Medinata (sortu gabe)">Yehud</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map_achaemenid_empire_en.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Akemenestar Inperioaren hedapen handiena"><img alt="Akemenestar Inperioaren hedapen handiena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_achaemenid_empire_en.png/250px-Map_achaemenid_empire_en.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_achaemenid_empire_en.png/330px-Map_achaemenid_empire_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="869" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sasandar_Inperioko_probintziak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9235565" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Sasandar_probintziak" title="Txantiloi:Sasandar probintziak"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Sasandar_probintziak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Sasandar probintziak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Sasandar_probintziak&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sasandar_Inperioko_probintziak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sasandar_Inperioa" title="Sasandar Inperioa">Sasandar Inperioko</a> probintziak</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abarshahr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abarshahr (sortu gabe)">Abarshahr</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adiabene" title="Adiabene">Adiabene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kaukasiar_Albania" title="Kaukasiar Albania">Albania</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabistan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aria_(eskualdea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aria (eskualdea) (sortu gabe)">Aria</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persiar_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persiar Armenia (sortu gabe)">Armenia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asuristan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asuristan (sortu gabe)">Asuristan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balasagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balasagan (sortu gabe)">Balasagan</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egipto_(erromatar_probintzia)" title="Egipto (erromatar probintzia)">Egipto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hirkania" title="Hirkania">Hirkania</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kaukasiar_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaukasiar Iberia">Iberia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-sasandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-sasandar (sortu gabe)">India</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karmania" title="Karmania">Karmania</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushanshahr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushanshahr (sortu gabe)">Kushanshahr</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maishan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maishan (sortu gabe)">Maishan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makelonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makelonia (sortu gabe)">Makelonia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Margiana" title="Margiana">Margiana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazun (sortu gabe)">Mazun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Media" title="Media">Media</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Padishkhwargar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padishkhwargar (sortu gabe)">Padishkhwargar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paratan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paratan (sortu gabe)">Paratan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Partia" title="Partia">Partia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fars" title="Fars">Persis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sakastan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakastan">Sakastan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Susiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Susiana">Susiana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turan (sortu gabe)">Turan</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Sassanid_empire_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sasandar Inperioaren hedadura"><img 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