How to Simulate and Optimize a Notch Filter Design

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class="bg-color-surface"></div> </div> <div class="max-w-[1128px] py-2 md:py-4 mx-auto">  <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="memberUrn" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isNbaRecommendedArticlesDeeplinkEnabled" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isDynamicTextareaEnabled" style="display: none"></code> <article class="article-main relative flex-grow">  <section class="core-section-container my-3 relative">    <div class="core-section-container__content break-words">  <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex article-content-row-reduced"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div> <div class="article-segment-content-container ">  <section class="mb-2"> <ol itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumbs "> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/home/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-normal" itemprop="name">All</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a aria-current="page" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/circuit-design-s3536/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-semibold" itemprop="name">Circuit Design</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> </ol> </section> <h1 class="pulse-title text-display-md text-color-text lg:text-display-lg font-bold w-11/12 ">How do you simulate and optimize your notch filter using software tools and models?</h1>  <div class="powered-by-ai py-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary">Powered by AI and the LinkedIn community</div> <section class="table-of-content pb-6"> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="choose-a-notch-filter-topology"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">1</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#choose-a-notch-filter-topology" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Choose a notch filter topology </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="select-a-software-tool-and-a-model"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">2</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#select-a-software-tool-and-a-model" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Select a software tool and a model </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="simulate-your-notch-filter"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">3</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#simulate-your-notch-filter" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Simulate your notch filter </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="optimize-your-notch-filter"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">4</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#optimize-your-notch-filter" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Optimize your notch filter </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="verify-your-notch-filter"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">5</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#verify-your-notch-filter" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Verify your notch filter </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="test-your-notch-filter"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">6</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#test-your-notch-filter" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Test your notch filter </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="here’s-what-else-to-consider"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">7</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#here’s-what-else-to-consider" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Here’s what else to consider </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> </section> <div class="x-article-introduction"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>A notch filter is a circuit that attenuates a narrow range of frequencies while passing all others. It is useful for suppressing noise or interference in a signal, such as a 60 Hz hum or a radio station. However, designing a notch filter that meets your specifications can be challenging, especially if you need a high quality factor or a variable frequency. In this article, you will learn how to simulate and optimize your notch filter using software tools and models, and how to verify your results with measurements and analysis.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:w-1/2"> <code id="shouldExpandContributionBox" style="display: none"></code> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__wrapper flex h-full flex-1 flex-col"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section h-full"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__article-experts"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__title mt-2 pb-0.5 text-xl font-bold text-color-text"> Find expert answers in this collaborative article </div> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__subtitle pb-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary"> Experts who add quality contributions will have a chance to be featured. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/a1652832" target="_blank" aria-label="Learn more about collaborative articles" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__featured-expert-learn-more-link" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="text-color-text-secondary active:no-underline hover:no-underline visited:text-color-text-secondary hover:text-color-text-secondary">Learn more</a> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__get-started pt-3 "> <div class="x-featured-section__get-started-ctn relative pt-2 md:pt-0"> <div class="x-featured-section__get-started-button-content flex"> <div class="face-pile flex !no-underline inline"> <div class="face-pile__images-container self-start flex-shrink-0 mr-1 leading-[1]"> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/aknc0tlv27rvexgsrvndtcui2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/869o6d2o2qd7c3q7n4vqr7j7e" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 face-pile__image border-1 border-solid border-color-transparent -ml-2 first:ml-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/b0d8dulikeg7a1iqa78rno640" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt> </div>  </div> <button class="x-featured-section__get-started-button btn-sm btn-tertiary py-0.5 px-2" aria-label="Click to scroll to the first segment in this collaborative article" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" data-tracking-control-name="featured_start_contribution_section" data-feed-action-category="view" data-feed-action-type="viewContribution"> <div class="x-featured-section__get-started-button-content__text-icon inline-flex items-center"> <div class="x-featured-section__get-started-copy inline-block pr-1">See what others are saying</div> <icon class="relative ml-0 inline-block text-color-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4w63b6j0lft0iau5gbn0984ev" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2"></icon> </div> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684436869120)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684436869120_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="choose-a-notch-filter-topology" href="#choose-a-notch-filter-topology" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">1</span> <span class>Choose a notch filter topology</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>The first step is to choose a notch filter topology that suits your application and requirements. There are many types of notch filters, such as passive RC, active op-amp, twin-T, bridged-T, and switched-capacitor. Each one has its own advantages and disadvantages, such as complexity, cost, bandwidth, sensitivity, and stability. You should consider factors such as the input and output impedance, the notch depth and width, the center frequency and tuning range, and the power consumption and supply voltage of your notch filter.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684436869120)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-do-you-simulate-optimize-your-notch-filter-using&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684436869120_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - 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There are many software tools available for circuit design and analysis, such as SPICE, MATLAB, LTspice, Multisim, and PSpice. Each one has its own features and functions, such as schematic capture, simulation engine, graphical user interface, library of components, and optimization algorithms. You should choose a software tool that is compatible with your notch filter topology and that can handle the frequency domain and the time domain of your signal. You should also choose a model that accurately represents your notch filter components and their parasitics, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, op-amps, and switches. You can use standard models from the software tool or create your own models based on datasheets or measurements.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684441079808)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-do-you-simulate-optimize-your-notch-filter-using&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684441079808_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - 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You should set up the simulation parameters, such as the input and output voltage, the frequency range and resolution, the noise level and sources, and the temperature and variations. You should also define the performance criteria, such as the notch depth and width, the passband ripple and attenuation, the phase shift and group delay, and the harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion. You should run the simulation and observe the results, such as the frequency response, the time response, the impulse response, and the transfer function of your notch filter.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684449456128)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-do-you-simulate-optimize-your-notch-filter-using&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684449456128_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - One time at work… - In my experience… - One thing I’ve found helpful…" rows="4" data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684449456128)" aria-errormessage="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684449456128)" data-feed-control="comment_box" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionBox"></textarea> <div class="contribution-action-bar flex w-full items-center pt-2"> <span class="contribution-helper-text grow text-left text-xs text-color-text-secondary lg:text-sm" role="alert"> <span class="contribution-character-count"></span> <span class="contribution-error-message hidden text-color-signal-negative" id="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684449456128)"> Help others by sharing more (125 characters min.) </span> </span> <button class="contribution-cancel-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-tertiary mr-1 transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="cancel_contribution"> Cancel </button> <button disabled="true" aria-disabled="true" class="submit-contribution-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-primary transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="comment_post" data-feed-control="comment_post" data-feed-action-category="COMMENT" data-feed-action-type="submitContribution"> <div class="loader flex"> <div class="loader__container mb-2 overflow-hidden"> <icon class="loader__icon inline-block loader__icon--default text-color-progress-loading" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/ddi43qwelxeqjxdd45pe3fvs1" data-svg-class-name="loader__icon-svg--x-small fill-currentColor h-[20px] min-h-[20px] w-[20px] min-w-[20px]"></icon> </div> </div> <span class="submit-contribution-button-text">Add</span> <span class="save-contribution-changes-button-text">Save</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="contribution-list contribution-list-guest">  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684457836545)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684457836545_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="optimize-your-notch-filter" href="#optimize-your-notch-filter" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">4</span> <span class>Optimize your notch filter</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>The fourth step is to optimize your notch filter using the software tool and the model that you have selected. You should identify the design variables, such as the component values, the feedback network, the bias point, and the switch frequency of your notch filter. You should also specify the constraints, such as the minimum and maximum values, the tolerances, the trade-offs, and the cost of your design variables. You should use the optimization algorithm of the software tool or implement your own optimization method, such as gradient descent, genetic algorithm, or particle swarm optimization. You should iterate the optimization process until you find the optimal solution that meets your performance criteria and satisfies your constraints.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684457836545)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-do-you-simulate-optimize-your-notch-filter-using&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684457836545_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - One time at work… - In my experience… - One thing I’ve found helpful…" rows="4" data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684457836545)" aria-errormessage="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684457836545)" data-feed-control="comment_box" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionBox"></textarea> <div class="contribution-action-bar flex w-full items-center pt-2"> <span class="contribution-helper-text grow text-left text-xs text-color-text-secondary lg:text-sm" role="alert"> <span class="contribution-character-count"></span> <span class="contribution-error-message hidden text-color-signal-negative" id="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684457836545)"> Help others by sharing more (125 characters min.) </span> </span> <button class="contribution-cancel-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-tertiary mr-1 transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="cancel_contribution"> Cancel </button> <button disabled="true" aria-disabled="true" class="submit-contribution-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-primary transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="comment_post" data-feed-control="comment_post" data-feed-action-category="COMMENT" data-feed-action-type="submitContribution"> <div class="loader flex"> <div class="loader__container mb-2 overflow-hidden"> <icon class="loader__icon inline-block loader__icon--default text-color-progress-loading" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/ddi43qwelxeqjxdd45pe3fvs1" data-svg-class-name="loader__icon-svg--x-small fill-currentColor h-[20px] min-h-[20px] w-[20px] min-w-[20px]"></icon> </div> </div> <span class="submit-contribution-button-text">Add</span> <span class="save-contribution-changes-button-text">Save</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="contribution-list contribution-list-guest">  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684466216961)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684466216961_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="verify-your-notch-filter" href="#verify-your-notch-filter" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">5</span> <span class>Verify your notch filter</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>The fifth step is to verify your notch filter using the software tool and the model that you have selected. You should compare the simulation results with the theoretical calculations and the expected behavior of your notch filter. You should also perform sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo analysis to evaluate the robustness and reliability of your notch filter under different conditions and variations. You should check for any errors or discrepancies in your simulation and optimization process, such as incorrect models, inaccurate parameters, unrealistic assumptions, or numerical errors. You should also validate your notch filter with measurements and analysis using real components and instruments, such as an oscilloscope, a signal generator, a spectrum analyzer, and a network analyzer.</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 ">  <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684466216961)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-do-you-simulate-optimize-your-notch-filter-using&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684466216961_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> </a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - One time at work… - In my experience… - One thing I’ve found helpful…" rows="4" data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684466216961)" aria-errormessage="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684466216961)" data-feed-control="comment_box" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionBox"></textarea> <div class="contribution-action-bar flex w-full items-center pt-2"> <span class="contribution-helper-text grow text-left text-xs text-color-text-secondary lg:text-sm" role="alert"> <span class="contribution-character-count"></span> <span class="contribution-error-message hidden text-color-signal-negative" id="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684466216961)"> Help others by sharing more (125 characters min.) </span> </span> <button class="contribution-cancel-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-tertiary mr-1 transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="cancel_contribution"> Cancel </button> <button disabled="true" aria-disabled="true" class="submit-contribution-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-primary transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="comment_post" data-feed-control="comment_post" data-feed-action-category="COMMENT" data-feed-action-type="submitContribution"> <div class="loader flex"> <div class="loader__container mb-2 overflow-hidden"> <icon class="loader__icon inline-block loader__icon--default text-color-progress-loading" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/ddi43qwelxeqjxdd45pe3fvs1" data-svg-class-name="loader__icon-svg--x-small fill-currentColor h-[20px] min-h-[20px] w-[20px] min-w-[20px]"></icon> </div> </div> <span class="submit-contribution-button-text">Add</span> <span class="save-contribution-changes-button-text">Save</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="contribution-list contribution-list-guest">  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7047271681962242048,7047271684499767296)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7047271681962242048_7047271684499767296_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="test-your-notch-filter" href="#test-your-notch-filter" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">6</span> <span class>Test your notch filter</span> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>The sixth step is to test your notch filter using the software tool and the model that you have selected. You should apply your notch filter to your target signal and observe the output signal. You should measure the performance metrics, such as the signal-to-noise ratio, the signal-to-interference ratio, the total harmonic distortion, and the intermodulation distortion of your output signal. You should also test your notch filter under different scenarios and situations, such as varying the input frequency, amplitude, or phase, changing the noise level or source, or introducing external interference or distortion. 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<code id="signInUrl" style="display: none"></code>  <div class="article-social-activity z-[201] x-social-activity-wrapper xs:sticky bottom-0 flex justify-center border-t-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint bg-color-background-container md:pr-[320px]" data-impression-id="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details">  <div class="x-social-activity social-details x-social-activity-left flex flex-wrap w-full max-w-x-article-width-small justify-between lg:max-w-x-article-width"> <div class="flex x-social-activity-left flex-wrap"> <code id="i18n_reaction_selection_state" style="display: none"></code> <div class="reactions-menu flex flex-row relative items-center justify-center select-none [-webkit-user-select:none] pointer-events-auto" data-feed-control="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_like-toggle_reactions-cta"> <a class="reactions-menu__link text-color-text social-action-bar__button relative h-6 cursor-pointer w-full" href="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F0%2Fhow-do-you-simulate-optimize-your-notch-filter-using&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_like-toggle_like-cta" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_like-toggle_reactions-cta" data-parent-urn="urn:li:ugcPost:7047271682230681601" data-tracking-will-navigate data-feed-control="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_like-toggle_reactions-cta">  <div class="like-button-default flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="social-action-bar__icon" data-svg-class-name="social-action-bar__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/e2cf8dn8tvjcu9gl3qcxhw31q"> </icon> <span class="social-action-bar__button-text">Like</span> </div> </a> </div> <template id="selected-reaction"> <div> <div class="selected-reaction--LIKE flex flex-row items-center"> <img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 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id="i18n_copy_cta_message_error" style="display: none"></code> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto social-share inline-block relative select-none x-social-share " data-share-message="Share" data-share-url="https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/how-do-you-simulate-optimize-your-notch-filter-using?utm_source=share&utm_medium=guest_desktop" data-feed-control="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_main_button" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="openShareMenu">  <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-[100%] top-auto" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li> <button data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_copy" class="social-share__item social-share-item" data-share-service="copy"> <icon class="social-share__item-icon" 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pl-1">Facebook</span> </button> </li> <li> <button data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_twitter" class="social-share__item social-share-item" data-share-service="twitter"> <icon class="social-share__item-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4bmfmbwr1b97362o29qmjo1zj"></icon> <span class="social-share__item-text pl-1">Twitter</span> </button> </li>  </ul> <button aria-expanded="false" class="social-share__button social-share__button-square social-share-button social-action-bar__button social-share-button--square " aria-label data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_main_button"> <icon class="social-share__button-icon " data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/852gyy4s01pfis5qf9k99s6d2" data-svg-class-name="social-share-button-icon social-action-bar__icon--svg "></icon> <span 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1 </span> </div> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"></code>  <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  </div> </div> </div>  <code id="contentUrn" style="display: none"></code> <div id="toasts" class="toasts fixed z-8 babybear:right-4 mamabear:right-4 papabear:min-h-[96px] invisible top:auto bottom-4 left-4 papabear:w-[400px] toasts--bottom" type="bottom"> <template id="toast-template"> <div class="toast container-raised flex toast--bottom transition ease-accelerate duration-xxslow " data-id="toast"> <div class="toast__message flex flex-1 babybear:items-center mamabear:items-center papabear:items-start py-2 px-1.5" data-id="toast__message" role="alert" tabindex="-1"> <div class="toast__message-content-container" data-id="toast__message-content-container"> <p class="toast__message-content font-sans text-sm opacity-90 inline babybear:self-center mamabear:self-center papabear:self-start" data-id="toast__message-content"></p> </div> </div> <button class="toast__dismiss-btn cursor-pointer babybear:self-center mamabear:self-center papabear:self-start pt-3 pb-2 papabear:py-2 pl-0.5 pr-0" data-id="toast__dismiss-btn" aria-label="Close"> <svg width="24" height="24" class="fill-color-icon"><path d="M13 4.32 9.31 8 13 11.69 11.69 13 8 9.31 4.31 13 3 11.69 6.69 8 3 4.31 4.31 3 8 6.69 11.68 3Z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </template> <template id="toast-icon-caution"> <icon class="text-color-icon-caution toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" 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How to Simulate and Optimize a Notch Filter Design