CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134cc8c1a38f8d0',cH: 'NX3dvar0roFci2.ZTS5QcG1KDWBAYi1N4mO62YVlQUU-1739785048-1.2.1.1-J8wr79FY7LVrl0kDh79Rew1xmjy8OsYkkdzuOgwlYm3pjZdA3UuZ6vCGUDnOpo5s',cUPMDTk: "\/10000285\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=MNSCeQrgdOgqMDYNlTXjmO1wlsOcwUOWqTRqbP1nzdw-1739785048-1.0.1.1-iY2X9wMdlqBlzOJTuDMw8sLjMAeV3JohrA8qopBVtlg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785048',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10000285\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=MNSCeQrgdOgqMDYNlTXjmO1wlsOcwUOWqTRqbP1nzdw-1739785048-1.0.1.1-iY2X9wMdlqBlzOJTuDMw8sLjMAeV3JohrA8qopBVtlg",md: "KTM1NWfBcWIoqmbPIejQ10hkyOBEDTkInIuLCM8IhLQ-1739785048-1.2.1.1-ckhf7ovhA_9lTvZIINf50P6vPD6zV4yYJ8H7_4pHoEGJ2MMGn3e9y35iIoyHaUvqdPkxZIzosp0ufh4wO4IsKTTl6uZrka_lgU5uZRbrYbvW2g47txJmmaskmrNR4gCzeHtV4bJrQrt83xhoNJPa54evuImXNA3b_ZiEYL.n.u.HVnCJA8qKGT31VWPIpVezRJbcmtvFNoly16hcerxN2yvSK9LBk7sGVxb8zllj.P4GpqjApjIllDe2abVOUa3lWojwgmFRMQ7BUU55YpuqE_IrLF_qjKV.1tLD3IjFf4t_V0xPiI2SonfZYesaY7_W3wzn_F9mxIhB7FTHoUbXSjvLLruB3O4Zj13KEIQes.ZNtQE3gr_1NjK1KOJpQsDsaz9CR7KkRXCah3yov8ODc1foSwOGg_m6NsSXqDOCb6xkEUzXEDXyHXc_mftYZ.XTC16.HAJ94iwcxSjj0e3GD7PIgAemKL.B3ZDqqBBAKveSTVqA8oyffeg9K4vmqAJEVaS.zMLzTGK_4Nuy5H8_yRBPr2GS2enC3vuhZtK23k8iqXAMAQHSO1xcqYONVD42wFRTlUCS4k9H0wOMok0GqlWgo_3qlU6jJMPG3CO3vZyKEixKQoYUrHSNmYHSntuKllVkxqRpbkR.CzFUF_RRSnF4e7xemVs6S3Zmi8ArE7v2FFDjBeOz4T01na2iP9Ui7eRS66w9xU7zT5AqkLYMeCTzXqr4f0zVvEBE90F1Vj.ajcqfNglKOoKFGJEaTea1pPTbI3H.w7K0EmshRQdnp4lnAFrnYyILCYNHr4P6M4fUEJf8PbJPCEatGtV68AJfDhTJlte6Kzm7m4eFmxF11QQQ3Bf3E95B5sUQ3yOUoM1DEBegahZwYk7tjORSbTx2GVwuJJndEMtSKavYLaS.72oUkGismGlRxeJ9g6e4aUSPMVNDUaAUYSZ2cPUBI_voyKEwFxEOqmhOE0GSMstdIl8C4ylNBdrG1AZ69.uc9A0TTLe27ZItwVHcAIbxQnUiWeH_OydsvDlP2w4Wtmmx5wsXaU.zTm._CUmtuD6LcGeVH56jlh_OWotYZVri99KI_PwIiDMpfaezQ61.PB02GmtBmCOMAdsHjkLcxBemE73Yg5UroqlpxzHSIV6etcS_gPYTMhFFdV0kKeFW4BDP.Nu5zna6lAGh.lbrwsQLU4NHR03JuRdXBrTAr8GJVP7E6QCamSSexUEmPHHSQvV_y4DkNsOTEYiYHK2OZ3VnPwCrjzx5dShpCrq74FuIO7AnXAHFj_gKz.U9cjY54I6UZZKdzhiQl8ViOYz_Kyusg1BrX6OGGCQkMjZ_ufDlh3Jg2jVs_hEWoVnswF8wl2PDPokcZo0KPRF_cxqZe_RIhrpOXQRIWmaS5SnvGAcIl_.Dls6aIhvUuAT6Saqk762ufSfZoTQ3K0GymV4.BZNgwpjHC83yl6vhGXmyM98csdIgqisMYkNlsPuQ8Yo5X0TlqkB1MhCaBhvBSzAiANcjGSPHi6onMeW2R7t6Dw43mKIwvtNuyf5ukF.ZVVFy_XEk6odoLfOy.xVXihEQyIFfBLSXU8dB1jXITZFpRwtIaa8TUUibN85Yf1zvfPGnh_DvGhAuBUpq344WfD61TmA_1DB0Iwnsl58D5P871vpkigySyCLurf9.wltbbFedhr8GyDKZ4vlGP.EiiAzOz144_lcB98rcw08lX6JinpKnRIfZv0nDd6_hhAzV9avdPwKgFyncrNdw0O7y5QC5SkSUjYn5Y_DieDOhyIFNBUxDAGzZF1YrV7ukaXvDotvK1Fpysj1Hrid2csgxT_.cHWmWLGCHaCo_zLKM76gs4yut3moiwPRqw4_Dx0QJNywHOqMKhLv2RCZWmkBqPrWWjFBxTXE",mdrd: "QtWYGVuiPZHFkW7YojULb5v9AnQ_abk02xmmRQAIpiQ-1739785048-1.2.1.1-VZl6N3hWfwyEs5DJ3ax29VaYUDGiLT7Pwn6tVf0zc0UxWByIvVuPfykr_3Kl7CRjnSzrOtaqTutgKLfaGrykHabkpFFlFzURh4yW2IwFIGv9F72LYQnL7Es1hMURXZn6jZBMXMhbaW37JWIT021Tqkcsw51Hg_XHpsmPplQdTHO2wiGXlCswqXhEGWb_wAcUV36bohlVUoVC9kqSwA9UWHIcwXUu75p55oMhcjWPe56eLbGKNZv0SQ6v_fu5PQX4qRWnPlS82v3sdjHsR0zklWe4OV6eYAiTP_1oRj.8dfrkTm9v68tLGFo3ZMvGKy1PnCjAa8zfQ2In26cR68DPTOjb_Ymn.X4_IoiU9wZMrfwRhYdMnCikNq4q5v5ZmntmcW_niGdrVZ3h5unIC0ngMwaoYR5.P2OvfPgqoX9iLCHhcakpIutDCxpBfM.AMEG1lCTBfo96.1NeQwof_AhgJrmum8GJTlc7OzfJfhswGivz9gVW7C68QTcfqYfJxpQsZXAp0tSnVNW6Go39J6lS3RmnpFJjWBY1rYfWWduspHlfLSxwgQ5Smw2w6fq4xFKbFfM2FNkRrVvsHPS6Ao5yjO4y.2gwa3mWgq_JHpQOm3QIFJ_9_3QXvxfMEaGfi6w8kzTic8UL7Omh_tEKpTRBx0VOhev9WBphbdiWK2WizVZJVhO_Y1gZiUaeZSLpTgTR8ek5xSc7KFnwm_0UkG7MnuwKgZw0hvt4UoFc99Gbv7Ijtr7HuO0w0QI84Uy3gC3yd0SpXwSCzYR37XaMzbkuUXao05Upj0KXpVgBqorzn0e8DB2ZmFmocnPYcim1ILxYsnSWQ3Q_uamXshuXqKNEcYZDKs3XaZp.XmJU.HcVNCdzG8roaFujXZawbsCA7ufqccEn4Elx4SruYfpt39r2sJZV6Y_yiTMmCc0e1sSX4NPo5G3FynzgKUeyPpGyjowkwPzw7x.54xEdR6y7nRRFeWMqb0sRCvjaIySTsSJph5HOY6DAOhHCqAvsZYiHfNFMM4YC1x4iRifSm2v1h_3jcbGqe7i8BaNqA15X4BfcuRaOVzc4ndCykFlRfiZrVOfhs8fhHSpAN.ZOfkfV4WLuebhR7Dkfc7rjVQYww4oLGavHwUgLdqLdWNSEFlLGXYz3ov8fU43i74JybIYu.0Lwqw5XUKyLevN8veCAYw9o6XmCQN_vKBnyxYKrV1hkJZMn.akvkaAQzcA39kEwCVhk7AYn4Yq55sNw0_4ZicMXyGEwF899N1vdOI_Jz7LZC0R5AKrvTyb8FvlDCjTbpKHrmXQe.lnPCZizkrZYzAxefjFZfcY_5LHMpqyCOixdMFD2LOb2dYitEYpSmIqFwBu3UHRIAMvo5clcNE7p6QXeDanoggFQ._9Y8vKssnORAIFHDqdxHV0sF8MPNY945FD.imf2U6dgcauMKKe69hoHXeyMYR2f8DXt38PcG4Z45nI5PNyPsUW9mRLO3k_zsF6PH8Ohxg2jtZE1cfxq_N7uOG4tLya5NrVDNDP7LhIdufmT1mmTltnWYj257Ue6peDipYk0kDW3Bkfv9grtv.PICaFVDmOA6n9kQhLUFdnTkTm8qNIpJamAHLeYpVcmZOP5QvuuS4awoqeWV.nDi9Mmby6RPfwojUb2A9ZTPsx3yuSqA9efrQr.1TvbnCl.NjvBePENtxpERKsEHSoHPFSLkJ3.Miel8Waies1e2zGRWIAWH1pDQKW.VWGtfjR.2h1wVbmx3w_Zk67sHBRE2W5n_8yiBG5n6MFom_XtjArURALJQxDO_UJWQC.9nXbDSX6uGjpohv2YJnBCKRkUL4QBFoWByY_ginp1lmhEVBAe9kMCg0DzylvC4Zf6T_M_b5OcdD6VeJcuNNWpeULiC55KYFPfgqKyZgIlFgq2gfSL9lIHAXrNUf0zT2gj9CMWgUS.8.qj._dQvhTl1TLPaQILW3r4BS94aIqJdl2q.de1ngKk"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134cc8c1a38f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10000285\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=MNSCeQrgdOgqMDYNlTXjmO1wlsOcwUOWqTRqbP1nzdw-1739785048-1.0.1.1-iY2X9wMdlqBlzOJTuDMw8sLjMAeV3JohrA8qopBVtlg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>