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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malgasse" title="Malgasse – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Malgasse" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="أطيش – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أطيش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="اطيش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اطيش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakido_(Sulidae)" title="Dakido (Sulidae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Dakido (Sulidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCms%C3%BCkqu%C5%9Fular" title="Sümsükquşular – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sümsükquşular" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Олушавыя – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Олушавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morskoul" title="Morskoul – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Morskoul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascarells" title="Mascarells – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mascarells" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terejovit%C3%AD" title="Terejovití – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Terejovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suler" title="Suler – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Suler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6lpel" title="Tölpel – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tölpel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suledoj" title="Suledoj – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suledoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="بوبیان (پرنده) – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوبیان (پرنده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suulat" title="Suulat – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suulat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genten" title="Genten – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Genten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gintf%C3%BBgels" title="Gintfûgels – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gintfûgels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascatos" title="Mascatos – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mascatos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סולתיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולתיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blune" title="Blune – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Blune" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szulaf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Szulafélék – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szulafélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAlu%C3%A6tt" title="Súluætt – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súluætt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%84%E3%82%AA%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E7%A7%91" title="カツオドリ科 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カツオドリ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რეგვენასებრნი – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეგვენასებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%A4%EB%9E%AD%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%A1%EC%9D%B4%EA%B3%BC" title="가다랭이잡이과 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가다랭이잡이과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad%C5%ABk%C4%97liniai" title="Padūkėliniai – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Padūkėliniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genten" title="Genten – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Genten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genten_(vogels)" title="Genten (vogels) – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Genten (vogels)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulefamilien" title="Sulefamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sulefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulefamilien" title="Sulefamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sulefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taahilnoodii" title="Taahilnoodii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Taahilnoodii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%82uptaki" title="Głuptaki – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Głuptaki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%A7" title="سلیڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلیڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sul%C3%ADdeos" title="Sulídeos – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sulídeos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Олушевые – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Олушевые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulovit%C3%A9" title="Sulovité – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sulovité" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strmoglavci" title="Strmoglavci – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strmoglavci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Блуне – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Блуне" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulor" title="Sulor – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sulor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5" title="วงศ์นกบูบี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์นกบูบี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCms%C3%BCk_ku%C5%9Fugiller" title="Sümsük kuşugiller – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sümsük kuşugiller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Сулові – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сулові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Chim_%C4%91i%C3%AAn" title="Họ Chim điên – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Chim điên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" title="Sulidae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sulidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%A3%E9%B8%9F" title="鲣鸟 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲣鸟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%A3%E9%B8%9F" title="鲣鸟 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲣鸟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B0%B9%E9%9B%80%E7%A7%91" title="鰹雀科 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鰹雀科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208492#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sulidae" title="Videre paginam [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Res</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Sulidae" rel="discussion" title="Disputatio de hac pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Disputatio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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haec pagina)">Suliformes</a> <br />Familia : <b>Sulidae</b> <br /></div><div style="font-size:100%">   <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="background-color:transparent; padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold">Palaeontologia </div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:transparent; text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none; font-size:80%"> <a href="/wiki/Palaeocaenum" title="Palaeocaenum">Palaeocaeno</a> exeunte – recens<br />47–0 <a href="/wiki/Milies_milium_annorum_ante_praesentem" class="mw-redirect" title="Milies milium annorum ante praesentem">m.a.</a>:  <div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:200px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div id="PreЄ_marker" style="z-index:1000; left:5px; overflow:visible; width:0; position:absolute; height:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Praecambrium" title="Praecambrium"><div style="font-size: 55%">pЄ</div></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.05; filter:alpha(opacity=5); width:1px; left:0px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.1; filter:alpha(opacity=10); width:1px; left:1px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.15; filter:alpha(opacity=15); width:1px; left:2px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.2; filter:alpha(opacity=20); width:1px; left:3px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.25; filter:alpha(opacity=25); width:1px; left:4px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.3; filter:alpha(opacity=30); width:1px; left:5px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.35; filter:alpha(opacity=30); width:1px; left:6px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.4; filter:alpha(opacity=40); width:1px; left:7px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.45; filter:alpha(opacity=45); width:1px; left:8px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.5; filter:alpha(opacity=50); width:1px; left:9px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.55; filter:alpha(opacity=55); width:1px; left:10px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.6; filter:alpha(opacity=60); width:1px; left:11px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.65; filter:alpha(opacity=65); width:1px; left:12px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.7; filter:alpha(opacity=70); width:1px; left:13px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.75; filter:alpha(opacity=75); width:1px; left:14px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.8; filter:alpha(opacity=80); width:1px; left:15px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.85; filter:alpha(opacity=85); width:1px; left:16px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.9; filter:alpha(opacity=90); width:1px; left:17px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); opacity:0.95; filter:alpha(opacity=95); width:1px; left:18px"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,220,135); left:19px; width:14.230769230769px;"></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(147,171,110); left:33.230769230769px; width:16.523076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrium" title="Cambrium">Є</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,149,126); left:49.753846153846px; width:13.723076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovicium" title="Ordovicium">O</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:63.476923076923px; width:8.5230769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurium" title="Silurium">S</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(211,160,80); left:72px; width:17.476923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonium" title="Devonium">D</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,175,176); left:89.476923076923px; width:18.523076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferum" title="Carboniferum">C</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,60); left:108px; width:14.769230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Permium" title="Permium">P</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(146,76,148); left:122.76923076923px; width:15.815384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassicum" title="Triassicum">T</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,176,222); left:138.58461538462px; width:16.646153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Iurassicum" title="Iurassicum">I</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:155.23076923077px; width:24.615384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceum" title="Cretaceum">K</a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:179.84615384615px; width:13.067692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Palaeogenicum" title="Palaeogenicum"><small><small>pg</small></small></a></div> <div id="bar" style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:192.91384615385px; width:7.0861538461538px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogenicum" title="Neogenicum"><small>n</small></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:199px"></div></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:200px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div id="Range-border" style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:185.53846153846px; width:14.461538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42; filter:alpha(opacity=42);"></div> <div id="Range-border" style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:185.53846153846px; width:14.461538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.{{{3}}}; filter:alpha(opacity={{{3}}});"></div> <div id="Range-Marker" style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:186.53846153846px; width:12.461538461538px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="background-color:transparent; padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold">Subdivisiones: <a href="/wiki/Genus_(taxinomia)" title="Genus (taxinomia)">Genera</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:transparent; text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; font-size:80%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morus_(bird)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morus (bird) (non est haec pagina)">Morus</a></i><br /> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papasula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papasula (non est haec pagina)">Papasula</a></i><br /> </p> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_(genus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula (genus) (non est haec pagina)">Sula</a></i></div></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="background-color:transparent; padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold">Synonyma</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:transparent; text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; font-size:80%">Enkurosulidae <small>Kashin, 1977</small><br /> Pseudosulidae <small>Harrison, 1975</small><sup id="cite_ref-pseudosula_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pseudosula-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mlik_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></div></div></div> </div></div> <p><b>Sulidae</b> sunt <a href="/wiki/Familia_(taxinomia)" title="Familia (taxinomia)">familia</a> <a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">avium</a> <a href="/wiki/Ordo_(taxinomia)" title="Ordo (taxinomia)">ordinis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suliformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suliformes (non est haec pagina)">Suliformium</a>, quae <a href="/wiki/Genus_(taxinomia)" title="Genus (taxinomia)">genera</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morus_(avis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morus (avis) (non est haec pagina)">Morum</a></i> et <i><a href="/wiki/Sula" class="mw-redirect" title="Sula">Sulam</a></i> insigniter comprehendit. Omnes sunt <a href="/wiki/Avis_maritima" title="Avis maritima">aves maritimae</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnitudo" title="Magnitudo">magnitudine</a> a media ad magnam, quae sese in <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">mare</a> <a href="/wiki/Pisces" class="mw-disambig" title="Pisces">pisces</a> aliasque <a href="/wiki/Praeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeda">praedas</a> petentes immergere solent. Decem huius familiae <a href="/wiki/Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Species">species</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conspecificitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conspecificitas (non est haec pagina)">congenericas</a> in fontibus veterioribus saepe habentur, omnibus speciebus in genus <i>Sulam</i> digestis. <i>Sula</i> autem, ac <i>Morus,</i> proprietatibus <a href="/wiki/Morphologia" class="mw-disambig" title="Morphologia">morphologicis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethologia" title="Ethologia">ethologicis</a>, et <a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> facile distingui possunt. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papasula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papasula (non est haec pagina)">Papasula</a></i> suum genus habet, quia his proprietatibus unica videtur, stirps distincta et antiqua, fortasse <i>Moro</i> propinquior.<sup id="cite_ref-ken_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ken-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descriptio">Descriptio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Descriptio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Descriptio"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Blue-footed_booby_(Sula_nebouxii)_on_Santa_Cruz,_Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Blue-footed_booby_%28Sula_nebouxii%29_on_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands.JPG/180px-Blue-footed_booby_%28Sula_nebouxii%29_on_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Blue-footed_booby_%28Sula_nebouxii%29_on_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands.JPG/270px-Blue-footed_booby_%28Sula_nebouxii%29_on_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Blue-footed_booby_%28Sula_nebouxii%29_on_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands.JPG/360px-Blue-footed_booby_%28Sula_nebouxii%29_on_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3006" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_nebouxii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula nebouxii (non est haec pagina)">Sula nebouxii</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Rostrum_(avis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostrum (avis)">rostro</a> coloribusque distinctis.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Northern_Gannet_2006_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Northern_Gannet_2006_2.jpg/180px-Northern_Gannet_2006_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Northern_Gannet_2006_2.jpg/270px-Northern_Gannet_2006_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Northern_Gannet_2006_2.jpg/360px-Northern_Gannet_2006_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morus_bassanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morus bassanus (non est haec pagina)">Morus bassanus</a></i> se parat ad considendum</figcaption></figure> <p>Sulidae sunt a 60 ad 85 <a href="/wiki/Centimetrum" title="Centimetrum">centimetra</a> longae, et <a href="/wiki/Latitudo_alarum" title="Latitudo alarum">latitudo alarum</a> est a 140 ad 175 centimetra. <a href="/wiki/Ala" title="Ala">Alae</a> sunt longae, angustae, acutae, et <a href="/wiki/Cauda" title="Cauda">cauda</a> longissima, graduata, et aliquantulum rhombiformis, cuius pinnae exteriores pinnis mediis breviores sunt. <a href="/wiki/Musculus" title="Musculus">Musculi</a> <a href="/wiki/Volatus" title="Volatus">volatus</a> sunt parvi ad parvam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sectio_transversa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sectio transversa (non est haec pagina)">sectionem transversam</a> desiliendi sinendam. Ergo, sulidae sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerodynamismus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerodynamismus (non est haec pagina)">aerodynamicae</a>, formam habentia quae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractio_(physica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractio (physica) (non est haec pagina)">tractionem</a> <a href="/wiki/Aer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aer">aeriam</a> minuit, ut earum <a href="/wiki/Corpus" title="Corpus">corpora</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torpedo (non est haec pagina)">torpedinum</a> similes et aliquantulum plana sint.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Crus" title="Crus">Crura</a> corpulenta, <a href="/wiki/Pes" title="Pes">pedes</a> ad nandum accommodati sunt, <a href="/wiki/Caro" title="Caro">carne</a> omnes <a href="/wiki/Digitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Digitus">digitos</a> quattuor conectente. In nullis speciebus, talis <a href="/wiki/Cutis" title="Cutis">cutis</a> clarissime <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">colorata</a> est, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exhibitio_amoris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exhibitio amoris (non est haec pagina)">exhibitionibus amoris</a> adhibita. <a href="/wiki/Rostrum_(avis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostrum (avis)">Rostrum</a> plerumque conspicuose coloratum est, obscurum in fundamento, et acutum, marginibus <a href="/wiki/Serra" class="mw-redirect" title="Serra">serriformibus</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibilum_superiur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandibilum superiur (non est haec pagina)">Mandibilum superiur</a> apice deorsum parum incurvatur et sursum moveri potest ad magnam <a href="/wiki/Praeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeda">praedam</a> accipiendam. Ad <a href="/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua">aquam</a> repellendam, <a href="/wiki/Naris" class="mw-redirect" title="Naris">nares</a> in rostrum aperiunt, potius quam recte foris. <a href="/wiki/Oculus" title="Oculus">Oculi</a> prorsus spectant, et spatium <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visus_binocularis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visus binocularis (non est haec pagina)">visus binocularis</a> latius quam in aliis avibus praebent.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson2003_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pinna" title="Pinna">Pinnae</a> sunt aut omnino <a href="/wiki/Albus" title="Albus">albae</a> (vel <a href="/wiki/Brunneus" title="Brunneus">brunneae</a> vel <a href="/wiki/Canus" title="Canus">canae</a> pallidae), apicibus alarum et plerumque cauda obscuris, aut atrobrunneae vel <a href="/wiki/Niger" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Niger">nigrae</a> supra et albae infra; capitibus <i>Mororum</i> <a href="/wiki/Flavus" title="Flavus">flavo</a> sunt. <a href="/wiki/Facies" title="Facies">Faciei</a> plerumque sunt aliquot maculae <a href="/wiki/Niger" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Niger">nigrae</a>, usitate in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorum (non est haec pagina)">loris</a>. Sulidis,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anhingidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anhingidae (non est haec pagina)">Anhingidarum</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phalacrocoracidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phalacrocoracidae (non est haec pagina)">Phalacrocoracidarum</a> cognatorum dissimilibus, est <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preen_gland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preen gland (non est haec pagina)">preen gland</a></i><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Sulidae" title="Disputatio:Sulidae">?</a></sup> bene evolutum, cuius <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretio (non est haec pagina)">secretiones</a> <a href="/wiki/Cera" title="Cera">cereas</a> in pinnas oblinunt contra aquam et pestes. Pinnas caudales inaequaliter, sed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinna_volatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinna volatus (non est haec pagina)">pinnas volatus</a><sup style="padding-left: 1px; font-size: .75em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/moult" class="extiw" title="en:moult"><span title=""moult" (English)">(en)</span></a></sup> alarum gradibus amittunt ut ex prima amissione, eis semper sunt pinnae vetustiores, pinnae novae, pinnae partim evolutae. Commutatio pinnarum propter tensionem nota est.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson2003_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distributio_et_oecologia">Distributio et oecologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Distributio et oecologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Distributio et oecologia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Nesting_bluefoot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nesting_bluefoot.jpg/180px-Nesting_bluefoot.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nesting_bluefoot.jpg/270px-Nesting_bluefoot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nesting_bluefoot.jpg/360px-Nesting_bluefoot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_nebouxii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula nebouxii (non est haec pagina)">Sula nebouxii</a></i> ova incubat.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Brown_Booby_(Sula_leucogaster)_chick_on_Christmas_Island_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Brown_Booby_%28Sula_leucogaster%29_chick_on_Christmas_Island_2.jpg/180px-Brown_Booby_%28Sula_leucogaster%29_chick_on_Christmas_Island_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Brown_Booby_%28Sula_leucogaster%29_chick_on_Christmas_Island_2.jpg/270px-Brown_Booby_%28Sula_leucogaster%29_chick_on_Christmas_Island_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Brown_Booby_%28Sula_leucogaster%29_chick_on_Christmas_Island_2.jpg/360px-Brown_Booby_%28Sula_leucogaster%29_chick_on_Christmas_Island_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_leucogaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula leucogaster (non est haec pagina)">Sula leucogaster</a></i> iam pluma texta.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Masillastega_rectirostris_holotype_sp140b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Masillastega_rectirostris_holotype_sp140b.jpg/180px-Masillastega_rectirostris_holotype_sp140b.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Masillastega_rectirostris_holotype_sp140b.jpg/270px-Masillastega_rectirostris_holotype_sp140b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Masillastega_rectirostris_holotype_sp140b.jpg/360px-Masillastega_rectirostris_holotype_sp140b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="237" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Calvaria" title="Calvaria">Calvaria</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masillastega_rectirostris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masillastega rectirostris (non est haec pagina)">Masillastegae rectirostris</a>.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Sulidae plerumque in <a href="/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua">aquis</a> <a href="/wiki/Zona_tropica" title="Zona tropica">tropicis</a> <a href="/wiki/Subtropica" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropica">subtropicisque</a> inveniuntur, sed nonnullae, praecipue <i>Mori,</i> in <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regionibus</a> <a href="/wiki/Zona_temperata" title="Zona temperata">temperatis</a> etiam inveniuntur. Hae aves vere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelagicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelagicus (non est haec pagina)">pelagicae</a> sicut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Procellariiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procellariiformes (non est haec pagina)">Procellariiformes</a> non sunt, et plerumque prope <a href="/wiki/Ora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ora">oras</a> manent, sed abundantes sulidarum <a href="/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia">coloniae</a> que in multis <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Pacificus" title="Oceanus Pacificus">Oceani Pacifici</a> <a href="/wiki/Insula" title="Insula">insulis</a> fiunt subiciunt eas aliquando ex earum regionibus domesticis per <a href="/wiki/Tempestas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempestas">tempestates</a> conici, ac longe lateque errare posse, locos tutos petentes.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson2003_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Omnes <a href="/wiki/Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Species">species</a> omnino in mari <a href="/wiki/Victus" title="Victus">vescuntur</a>, plerumque <a href="/wiki/Pisces" class="mw-disambig" title="Pisces">piscibus</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnitudo" title="Magnitudo">magnitudinis</a> mediae et <a href="/wiki/Invertebrata" title="Invertebrata">invertebratis</a> maritimis magnitudinis similis (exempli gratia <a href="/wiki/Cephalopoda" title="Cephalopoda">cephalopodis</a>). Multae species una commumiter pascuntur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematica_et_evolutio">Systematica et evolutio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Systematica et evolutio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Systematica et evolutio"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sulidae aliis avibus <a href="/wiki/Animal_aquaticum" title="Animal aquaticum">aquaticis</a> cognatae sunt, quae omnes <a href="/wiki/Naris" class="mw-redirect" title="Naris">naribus</a> externis et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brood_patch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brood patch (non est haec pagina)">brood patch</a><sup style="padding-left: 1px; font-size: .75em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/brood_patch" class="extiw" title="en:brood patch"><span title=""brood patch" (English)">(en)</span></a></sup> carent, sed omnes quattuor digitos cuti coniunctos et <a href="/wiki/Saccus_gularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saccus gularis">saccum gularem</a> habent. Aves Sulidis artissime cognatae sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phalacrocoracidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phalacrocoracidae (non est haec pagina)">Phalacrocoracidae</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anhingidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anhingidae (non est haec pagina)">Anhingidae</a>, quarum hae sunt aliquantulum intermediae inter Sulidas et illas, sed, sicut multae phalacrocoracidae, aves <a href="/wiki/Aqua_dulcis" title="Aqua dulcis">aquae dulcis</a> sunt, in <a href="/wiki/Cladus" title="Cladus">clado</a> qui aliter <a href="/wiki/Avis_maritima" title="Avis maritima">aves maritimas</a> comprehendit, cum Sulidis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplesiomorphismus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symplesiomorphismus (non est haec pagina)">symplesiomorphicas</a>, sed aliis modis cum Phalacrocoracidis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Synapomorphismus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synapomorphismus (non est haec pagina)">synapomorphicas</a>. Ergo, Sulidae veterrima et distinctissima stirps ex his stirpibus tribus videntur, quae una in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulae (non est haec pagina)">Sulas</a> digeruntur, <a href="/wiki/Subordo" class="mw-redirect" title="Subordo">subordinem</a> in quam Sulidae quasi familia usitate digeruntur. <a href="/wiki/Superfamilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfamilia">Superfamilia</a> <b>Suloidea</b> aliquando agnoscitur, in qua nonnullae primitivae formae <a href="/wiki/Praehistoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Praehistoria">praehistoricae</a> (exempli gratia <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empheresula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empheresula (non est haec pagina)">Empheresula</a>,</i> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eostega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eostega (non est haec pagina)">Eostega</a>,</i> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masillastega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masillastega (non est haec pagina)">Masillastega</a></i>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stirpes_basales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stirpes basales (non est haec pagina)">stirpes basales</a><sup style="padding-left: 1px; font-size: .75em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/basal_(evolution)" class="extiw" title="en:basal (evolution)"><span title=""basal (evolution)" (English)">(en)</span></a></sup> tractantur, a Sulidis exstantibus distinctae. Familia autem proposita, <b>Pseudosulidae</b> (vel <b>Enkurosulidae</b>), paene certe est invalida.<sup id="cite_ref-mlik_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlik-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ols_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ols-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chr_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-may_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-may-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: white; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;">Phylogenia Sulidarum </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #dedede; padding: 3px"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula:Cladex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formula:Cladex (non est haec pagina)">Formula:Cladex</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;">Cladogramma familiam Sulidarum exhibet.<sup id="cite_ref-patterson2100_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patterson2100-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" style="background-color: #D3D3A4" colspan="3">Species </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Binomen" title="Binomen">Binomina</a> </th> <th class="unsortable">Imago </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Distributio_geographica" title="Distributio geographica">Distributio geographica</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morus_bassanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morus bassanus (non est haec pagina)">Morus bassanus</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Morus_bassanus_adu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Morus_bassanus_adu.jpg/120px-Morus_bassanus_adu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Morus_bassanus_adu.jpg/180px-Morus_bassanus_adu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Morus_bassanus_adu.jpg/240px-Morus_bassanus_adu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2803" data-file-height="1869" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europa_Occidentalis" title="Europa Occidentalis">Europa Occidentalis</a> et <a href="/wiki/America_Septentrionalis" title="America Septentrionalis">America Septentrionalis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morus_capensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morus capensis (non est haec pagina)">Morus capensis</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Lamberts_Bay_P1010338.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lamberts_Bay_P1010338.JPG/120px-Lamberts_Bay_P1010338.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lamberts_Bay_P1010338.JPG/180px-Lamberts_Bay_P1010338.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lamberts_Bay_P1010338.JPG/240px-Lamberts_Bay_P1010338.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span> </td> <td>Occidentalis ad australem et occidentalem <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africae</a> <a href="/wiki/Ora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ora">oram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morus_serrator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morus serrator (non est haec pagina)">Morus serrator</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Morus_serrator_-_Derwent_River_Estuary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Morus_serrator_-_Derwent_River_Estuary.jpg/120px-Morus_serrator_-_Derwent_River_Estuary.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Morus_serrator_-_Derwent_River_Estuary.jpg/180px-Morus_serrator_-_Derwent_River_Estuary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Morus_serrator_-_Derwent_River_Estuary.jpg/240px-Morus_serrator_-_Derwent_River_Estuary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nova_Zelandia" title="Nova Zelandia">Nova Zelandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papasula_abbotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papasula abbotti (non est haec pagina)">Papasula abbotti</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Abbott%27s_Booby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abbott%27s_Booby.jpg/120px-Abbott%27s_Booby.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abbott%27s_Booby.jpg/180px-Abbott%27s_Booby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abbott%27s_Booby.jpg/240px-Abbott%27s_Booby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="948" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insula_Christi_Natalis_(Australia)" title="Insula Christi Natalis (Australia)">Insula Christi Natalis (Australia)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_nebouxii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula nebouxii (non est haec pagina)">Sula nebouxii</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Blue-footed-booby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Blue-footed-booby.jpg/120px-Blue-footed-booby.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Blue-footed-booby.jpg/180px-Blue-footed-booby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Blue-footed-booby.jpg/240px-Blue-footed-booby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1341" /></a></span> </td> <td>Oceanus Pacificus orientalis, a <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Insulae_Galapagenses" title="Insulae Galapagenses">insulas Galapagenses</a> ad australem ad <a href="/wiki/Peruvia" title="Peruvia">Peruviam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_dactylatra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula dactylatra (non est haec pagina)">Sula dactylatra</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Masked_booby_with_chick.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Masked_booby_with_chick.JPG/120px-Masked_booby_with_chick.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Masked_booby_with_chick.JPG/180px-Masked_booby_with_chick.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Masked_booby_with_chick.JPG/240px-Masked_booby_with_chick.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="2530" /></a></span> </td> <td>Oceani tropici inter parallelum 30 septentrionalem et paralellum 30 australem. In <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Indicus" title="Oceanus Indicus">Oceano Indico</a> ab oris <a href="/wiki/Paeninsula_Arabica" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeninsula Arabica">Paeninsulae Arabicae</a> et <a href="/wiki/Africa_Orientalis" title="Africa Orientalis">Afriecae Orientalis</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatram</a> et <a href="/wiki/Australia_Occidentalis" title="Australia Occidentalis">Australiam Occidentalem</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_granti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula granti (non est haec pagina)">Sula granti</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Nazca-Booby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nazca-Booby.jpg/120px-Nazca-Booby.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nazca-Booby.jpg/180px-Nazca-Booby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Nazca-Booby.jpg/240px-Nazca-Booby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span> </td> <td>Oceanus Pacificus orientalis, ab <a href="/wiki/Insula" title="Insula">insulis</a> <a href="/wiki/California_Inferior" title="California Inferior">Californiae Inferioris</a> ad insulas Galapagenses et Isla de la Plata in <a href="/wiki/Aequatoria" title="Aequatoria">Aequatoria</a> et Malpelo in <a href="/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia">Columbia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_leucogaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula leucogaster (non est haec pagina)">Sula leucogaster</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Brown_booby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Brown_booby.jpg/120px-Brown_booby.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Brown_booby.jpg/180px-Brown_booby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Brown_booby.jpg/240px-Brown_booby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="410" /></a></span> </td> <td>Pantropicae oceanorum Atlantici Pacificique regiones </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_sula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula sula (non est haec pagina)">Sula sula</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Sula_sula_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sula_sula_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg/120px-Sula_sula_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sula_sula_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg/180px-Sula_sula_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sula_sula_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg/240px-Sula_sula_by_Gregg_Yan_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span> </td> <td>Madidae oceanorum <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regiones</a> <a href="/wiki/Zona_tropica" title="Zona tropica">tropicae</a>, praeter regiones tropicas <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Atlanticus" title="Oceanus Atlanticus">Atlantici</a> orientalis et <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Pacificus" title="Oceanus Pacificus">Pacifici</a> australis et orientalis, in <a href="/wiki/Insula" title="Insula">insulis</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovum" title="Ovum">ova</a> parientes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sula_variegata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sula variegata (non est haec pagina)">Sula variegata</a></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Fou.varie1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fou.varie1.jpg/120px-Fou.varie1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fou.varie1.jpg/180px-Fou.varie1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Fou.varie1.jpg/240px-Fou.varie1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="433" /></a></span> </td> <td>Ora <a href="/wiki/America_Australis" title="America Australis">Americae Australis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Peruvia" title="Peruvia">Peruvia</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Tsilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsilia">Tsiliam</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sulidae (vel Suloida) praehistoricae solum ex <a href="/wiki/Fossile" title="Fossile">fossilibus</a> notae sunt: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masillastega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masillastega (non est haec pagina)">Masillastega</a></i> (Eocaenum exiens ad Messel in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>): fortasse in <i>Eostega</i>; <i>Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</i> 47: 507.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eostega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eostega (non est haec pagina)">Eostega</a></i> (Eocaenunm exiens ad Cluj-Manastur in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>): <i>Masillastegam</i> fortasse comprehendit; <i>Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</i> 47: 507. <i>Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien</i> A104: 237,109:19.</li> <li>Sulidae gen. et sp. indet. (Thalberg Oligocaenum exiens in Germania): <i>Empheresula</i>?<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien</i> A104: 237.</li> <li>Sulidae gen. et sp. indet. (Oligocaenum exiens in <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Meridiana" title="Carolina Meridiana">Carolina Meridiana</a>): <i>Microsula</i>?<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empheresula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empheresula (non est haec pagina)">Empheresula</a></i> (Oligocaenum exiens ad Gannat in <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> et Miocaenum medium ad Steinheimer Becken in Germania): <i>"Sulam" arvernensem</i> et <i>"Parasulam"</i>comprehendens<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien</i> A104:237,109:19.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microsula (non est haec pagina)">Microsula</a></i> (Oligocaenum exiens in Carolina Meridiana; Grund Miocaenum medium in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>): fortasse recte in <i>Moro</i> vel <i>Sula</i>; <i>"Sulam" avitam,</i> <i>"S." pygmaeam,</i> <i>Enkurosulam,</i> <i>"Pseudosula"</i> comprehendit<sup id="cite_ref-pseudosula_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pseudosula-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien</i> A104: 237.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarmatosula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarmatosula (non est haec pagina)">Sarmatosula</a></i> (Miocaenum medium ad Credinţa in Romania); <i>Annalen Des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien</i> A104: 237.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miosula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miosula (non est haec pagina)">Miosula</a></i> (Miocaenum exiens in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeosula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeosula (non est haec pagina)">Palaeosula</a></i> (Pliocaenum iniens? in California)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhamphastosula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhamphastosula (non est haec pagina)">Rhamphastosula</a></i> (Pisco Pliocaenum iniens in <a href="/wiki/Peruvia" title="Peruvia">Peruvia</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bimbisula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bimbisula (non est haec pagina)">Bimbisula</a></i> (Pliocaenum medium in Carolina Meridiana)<sup id="cite_ref-BE13_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BE13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sulidae gen. et sp. indet. (Pliocaenum exiens ad Valle di Fine in <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>): <i>Morus</i>?<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pseudosula-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pseudosula_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pseudosula_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">C. J. O. Harrison's <i>Pseudosula</i> anni 1975 est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homonymum_iunius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homonymum iunius (non est haec pagina)">homonymum iunius</a> nominis <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudosula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudosula (non est haec pagina)">Pseudosulae</a>,</i> ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannes_von_Boetticher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannes von Boetticher (non est haec pagina)">Ioanne von Boetticher</a> anno 1955 constitutum: Mlíkovský (2002: 67).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlik-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mlik_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mlik_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): <i>Cenozoic Birds of the World</i> (Part 1: Europe). Ninox Press, Prague. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula:Listed_Invalid_ISBN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formula:Listed Invalid ISBN (non est haec pagina)">Formula:Listed Invalid ISBN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nm.cz/download/JML-18-2002-CBE.pdf">PDF.</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula:Webarchive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formula:Webarchive (non est haec pagina)">Formula:Webarchive</a> 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ken-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ken_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy, Spencer, et Gray 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Friesen et al. 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nelson2003-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nelson2003_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nelson2003_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nelson2003_5-2">5.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nelson2003_5-3">5.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ols-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ols_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Olson 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chr-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-chr_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christidis et Boles 2008: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SFP9P1i-PoEC&pg=PA100">100</a> apud <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-may-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-may_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayr 2009: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_TB72RBLLMC&pg=PA64">64</a> apud <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patterson2100-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-patterson2100_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="la" dir="ltr">Lapsus in citando: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>patterson2100</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fragmentum ossis <a href="/wiki/Humerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Humerus">humeri</a>, <i>Microsulae</i> maius: Göhlich 2003, Mayr 2009: 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nonnulla fossilia quae "do not differ substantially from modern [sulid] genera"; aliis singulis carentibus: Olson 1985: 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Parasula</i>" (C. J. O. Harrison 1975) est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homonymum_iunius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homonymum iunius (non est haec pagina)">homonymum iunius</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parasula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parasula (non est haec pagina)">Parasulae</a>,</i> quod Gregory Mathews anno 1913 constituit: Mlíkovský 2002: 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BE13-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BE13_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Benson, Richard D.; Erickson, Bruce R. (2013). "A new genus and species of booby (Sulidae: Aves) from the Pliocene of South Carolina, with a new corollary to the nature of sister taxa". <i>Science Museum Monographs in Paleontology</i> (Sancti Pauli Minnesotae: Science Museum of Minnesota) <b>7</b><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fragmentum humeri humero <i>Mori</i> aliquantulum simile: Lambrecht 1933: 286.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christidis, Les, et Walter E. Boles. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>. <i>Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds.</i> Collingwood Victoriae Australiae: CSIRO Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780643065116" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6</a>.</li> <li>Friesen, V. L., D. J. Anderson, T .E. Steeves, H. Jones, et E. A. Schreiber. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>. "Molecular Support for Species Status of the Nazca Booby (<i>Sula granti</i>)." <i>Auk</i> 119 (3): 820–26. <a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a>, cum abstracto Hispanico. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0820:MSFSSO]2.0.CO;2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172635/http://users.wfu.edu/djanders/labweb/reprints/Friesen%20et%20al%20Nazca%20Booby.pdf">Textus</a>.</li> <li>Kennedy, Martyn, Hamish G. Spencer, et Russell D. Gray. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. "Hop, step and gape: do the social displays of the Pelecaniformes reflect phylogeny?" <i>Animal Behaviour</i> 51 (2): 273–91. doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0028 (HTML abstract). "Erratum." <i>Animal Behaviour</i> 51 (5): 1197. doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0124.</li> <li>Lambrecht, Kálmán. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>. "Familia Sulidae." <i>Handbuch der Palaeornithologie</i> 284–87. Berolini: Gebrüder Bornträger.</li> <li>Mayr, Gerald. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> "7.1.3 Sulidae (Gannets and Boobies)." <i>Paleogene Fossil Birds</i> 64-65. Heidelbergae et Novi Eboraci: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3540896279" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-540-89627-9</a>.</li> <li>Mlíkovský, Jirí. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>. "Taxonomic identity of <i>Eostega lebedinskyi</i> LAMBRECHT, 1929 (Aves) from the middle Eocene of Romania." <i>Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien A</i> 109: 19–27. [Anglice, cum abstracto Theodisco.] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/ANNA_109A_0019-0027.pdf">PDF.</a></li> <li>Nelson, J. Bryan. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>. "Gannets and Boobies." In <i>The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds,</i> ed. Chris Perrins, 82–87. Oxoniae: Firefly Books.</li> <li>Nelson, J. Bryan. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. <i>Pelicans, cormorants and their relatives: Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Fregatidae, Phaethontidae.</i> Illust. coloratae Andrew MacKay; adumbrationes John Busby. Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0198577273" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0198577273</a>.</li> <li>Olson, Storrs L. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>. "Section X.G.5.a. Sulidae: The Fossil Record of Birds." <i>Avian Biology</i> 8: 203–204. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718103948/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/6553/1/VZ_167_Fossil_Record_of_Birds.pdf">Editio interretialis (PDF).</a></li> <li>Patterson, S. A., J. A. Morris-Pocock, et V. L. Friesen. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> "A multilocus phylogeny of the Sulidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes)." <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i> 58 (2): 181–91. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.021.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sulidae" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sulidae">Sulidas</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/16px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/32px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left">Vide <b>"<a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sulidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Sulidae">Sulidas</a>"</b> apud <b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:">Vicispecies</a></b>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b>Situs scientifici:</b>  • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=174696#null">ITIS</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=30446">NCBI</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbif.org/species/9351">Biodiversity</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eol.org/pages/7984/overview">Encyclopedia of Life</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=136994">WoRMS: Marine Species</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=39676">Fossilworks</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldey.is">Camera viva ex insula Eldey.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=16">Pelliculae.</a> Internet Bird Collection.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oiseaux-birds.com/page-family-sulidae.html">De familia Sulidarum.</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&oldid=3729492">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sulidae&oldid=3729492</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Familiae_animalium" title="Categoria:Familiae animalium">Familiae animalium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Palaeocaeno_nata" title="Categoria:Palaeocaeno nata">Palaeocaeno nata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Sulidae" title="Categoria:Sulidae">Sulidae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Taxa_Reichenbach" title="Categoria:Taxa Reichenbach">Taxa Reichenbach</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Taxa_1849" title="Categoria:Taxa 1849">Taxa 1849</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="Categoria:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Latinitas_dubia_(dubsig)" title="Categoria:Latinitas dubia (dubsig)">Latinitas dubia (dubsig)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_novas_paginas_petentes" title="Categoria:Paginae novas paginas petentes">Paginae novas paginas petentes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Biologia" title="Categoria:Myrias Biologia">Myrias Biologia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 28 Octobris 2022 hora 02:07 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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