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post-header-title">ESTADOS UNIDOS Y EL MUNDO: EL RETO NACIONALISTA DE TRUMP</h1> <h4>DONALD NUECHTERLEIN</h4> </header> <div class="entry clr"> <div class="ssbp-set--one ssbp--state-hidden ssbp-wrap ssbp--fixed-left ssbp--theme-2" data-ssbp-counts="true" data-ssbp-responsive="true"><button class="ssbp-toggle-switch ssbp-toggle-close"><span></span></button><div class="ssbp-container" data-ssbp-share-text="" data-ssbp-url="https://literalmagazine.com/estados-unidos-y-el-mundo-el-reto-nacionalista-de-trump/" data-ssbp-title="ESTADOS UNIDOS Y EL MUNDO: EL RETO NACIONALISTA DE TRUMP" data-ssbp-short-url="" data-ssbp-post-id="13546"></div></div><p class="p1" style="text-align: right;"><em>Traducción de Rose Mary Salum</em></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Despu</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">s de un primer fin de semana turbulento como presidente, esta semana Donald Trump se asent</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">en su oficina de la Casa Blanca para implementar su agenda de pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">tica exterior. De momento, ha hecho<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>hincapi</span><span class="s2">é </span><span class="s1">en las relaciones comerciales con el mundo; Despu</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">s de lo cual se espera que enfrente los asuntos pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">ticos y de seguridad que involucran a Rusia, China, Ir</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">n y la OTAN. En este fragmento de su discurso de inauguraci</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n en Washington el 20 de enero se encuentra un primer ataque:</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">“Durante muchas d</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">cadas hemos enriquecido la industria extranjera a expensas de la industria estadounidense”, declar</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">. “Hemos hecho ricos a otros pa</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">ses, mientras la riqueza, la fuerza y la confianza de nuestro pa</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">s se han disipado en el horizonte. Una por una las f</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">bricas se ha ido cerrando y dejaron abandonadas nuestras costas sin siquiera haber pensado en los millones y millones de trabajadores estadounidenses que quedaron olvidados”.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Trump prometi</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">que “a partir de este d</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">a, va a ser s</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">lo Am</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">rica primero: cada decisi</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n sobre el comercio, los impuestos, la inmigraci</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n, los asuntos exteriores se har</span><span class="s2">á </span><span class="s1">para beneficiar a los trabajadores estadounidenses y las familias estadounidenses. Debemos proteger nuestras fronteras de los estragos que otros pa</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">ses nos han causado al fabricar nuestros productos, robar nuestras empresas y destruir nuestros trabajos”.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Un experto lo llam</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">el “manifiesto” de Trump en pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">tica exterior. Los esc</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">pticos se preguntaban si todav</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">a estaba en campa</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">a o si realmente quer</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">a convertir estas palabras en pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">tica. Eso fue respondido el lunes pasado cuando Trump anunci</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">que cancelaba el Acuerdo Transpac</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">fico de Cooperaci</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n Econ</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">mica que Barack Obama hab</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">a pasado a</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">os negociando con otras once naciones comerciales del Pac</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">fico, incluyendo Jap</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n, Corea del Sur y Australia.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Trump anunci</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">que pronto discutir</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">a el Tratado de Libre Comercio de Am</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">rica del Norte con el presidente de M</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">xico, Enrique Pena Nieto, y el primer ministro canadiense, Justin Trudeau. Ellos iban a visitar Washington en las pr</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">ximas semanas. No se comprometi</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">, como lo hizo durante la campa</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">a, a desechar el Tratado de Libre Comercio, pero su intenci</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n es clara: las empresas estadounidenses que trasladan puestos de trabajo a M</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">xico, sus productos ser</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">n gravados cuando vuelvan como productos importados a Estados Unidos.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">El presidente se reuni</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">la semana pasada con el primer ministro brit</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">nico, Theresa May, para discutir las relaciones comerciales despu</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">s de la retirada de Gran Breta</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">a de la Uni</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n Europea. Conferir</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">n sobre el futuro de la OTAN, que Gran Breta</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">a apoya firmemente. May tambi</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">n espera restablecer la relaci</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n especial que Londres disfrut</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">previamente con Washington.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">En su discurso sobre la pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">tica de seguridad nacional, el presidente dio algunos detalles espec</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">ficos: “Buscamos amistad y buena voluntad con las naciones del mundo, pero lo hacemos con el entendimiento de que todas las naciones tienen el derecho de priorizar sus propios intereses. No pretendemos imponer nuestro modo de vida a nadie, sino dejar que brille como ejemplo</span><span class="s2">”.</span><span class="s1"> Se comprometi</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">a “reforzar viejas alianzas y formar nuevas, y unir al mundo civilizado contra el terrorismo isl</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">mico radical, que erradicaremos completamente de la faz de la tierra”.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s2">¿</span><span class="s1">Qu</span><span class="s2">é </span><span class="s1">debemos hacer con el manifiesto nacionalista del se</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">or Trump? Aqu</span><span class="s2">í </span><span class="s1">hay tres conclusiones:</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">En primer lugar, debemos entender que es un desaf</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">o fundamental para la pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">tica comercial estadounidense que busca cada presidente desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, esto no es similar a las pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">ticas comerciales aislacionistas de los a</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">os veinte; en cambio, es un llamado a dar la m</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">s alta prioridad a los intereses de los Estados Unidos no globales que ponen los intereses del orden mundial por delante de los econ</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">micos en detrimento de las industrias y los trabajadores estadounidenses.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">En suma, Donald Trump est</span><span class="s2">á </span><span class="s1">convencido de que a menos que Estados Unidos ponga su propia econom</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">a en orden, perder</span><span class="s2">á </span><span class="s1">su posici</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n como primera potencia mundial.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Una segunda conclusi</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n es que sus pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">ticas radicales y nacionalistas ser</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">n revisadas y debatidas por el Congreso. Esto es verdad particularmente cuando sus pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">ticas comerciales requieren la ratificaci</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n del Congreso. As</span><span class="s2">í </span><span class="s1">se mostr</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">cuando el Congreso no aprob</span><span class="s2">ó </span><span class="s1">el Acuerdo Transpac</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">fico de Cooperaci</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n Econ</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">mica de Obama. Las negociaciones de Trump con M</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">xico y Canad</span><span class="s2">á </span><span class="s1">sobre la revisi</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">n del TLC ser</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">n examinadas por varios comit</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">s del Congreso, y los republicanos, as</span><span class="s2">í </span><span class="s1">como los dem</span><span class="s2">ó</span><span class="s1">cratas, insistir</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">n en tener sus propias propuestas.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Finalmente, el presidente tiene el tiempo limitado para que sus principales pol</span><span class="s2">í</span><span class="s1">ticas sean aprobadas por el Congreso, porque las elecciones fuera de a</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">o de 2018 evaluar</span><span class="s2">á</span><span class="s1">n sus logros. Como resultado, tendr</span><span class="s2">á </span><span class="s1">que demostrar un progreso significativo en su promesa de “devolver los empleos estadounidenses”. Tambi</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">n debe demostrar que Am</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">rica ha aumentado su influencia en el extranjero despu</span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">s de lo que </span><span class="s2">é</span><span class="s1">l ve como su declive durante los </span><span class="s2">ú</span><span class="s1">ltimos a</span><span class="s2">ñ</span><span class="s1">os. Si la marca nacionalista de Trump durar</span><span class="s2">á </span><span class="s1">es una incógnita.</span></p> <p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">*U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Cristian L. Ricardo/Released</p> <p> </p> <p><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"><a href="https://literalmagazine.com/assets/donald-nuechterlein-144x150.jpg"><img loading="lazy" class="alignleft wp-image-10734" src="https://literalmagazine.com/assets/donald-nuechterlein-144x150.jpg" sizes="(max-width: 119px) 100vw, 119px" srcset="https://literalmagazine.com/assets/donald-nuechterlein-144x150.jpg 144w, https://literalmagazine.com/assets/donald-nuechterlein-144x150-30x31.jpg 30w" alt="donald-nuechterlein--144x150" width="119" height="124" /></a> </span>Donald Nuechterlein</b> es especialista en temas de la Guerra Fría e imparte cátedra a este respecto en la Universidad de Richmond. Autor de numerosos libros sobre política norteamericana y exterior, sus títulos más recientes son <i>A Cold War Odyssey </i>(1997), <i>America Recommitted: A Superpower Assesses its Role in a Turbulent World </i>(2000), <i>Defiant Superpower: The New American Hegemony </i>(2005)<i>.</i></p> <p>©Literal Publishing. Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de esta publicación. 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