CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "pubs.aip.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9137032ada98ce43',cH: 'd1z_.G4WnwjVV.x8_NlH1Gz2MGf9NDxdqI6j5AzpvNU-1739808257-1.2.1.1-UnxRX68.4GuLELJUgYe8Iqq0mT73rUsRwfw47Bmtt8c_ElYATmIo7ZMupY3z6Hee',cUPMDTk: "\/physicstoday\/article\/53\/3\/70\/411209\/Quantum-Theory-Needs-No-Interpretation?__cf_chl_tk=QS6DgZNx.JlY62tsprtVwWAMzv8cCOm94wcBAc2zZhc-1739808257-1.0.1.1-9oc_Fo2_rf7md6mOD2CRdXU7MZS4lRa7aUqTVrDV2lQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739808257',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/physicstoday\/article\/53\/3\/70\/411209\/Quantum-Theory-Needs-No-Interpretation?__cf_chl_f_tk=QS6DgZNx.JlY62tsprtVwWAMzv8cCOm94wcBAc2zZhc-1739808257-1.0.1.1-9oc_Fo2_rf7md6mOD2CRdXU7MZS4lRa7aUqTVrDV2lQ",md: "Ex5Ig9Nt5sIRoL4CVq50XfBptU0M9Tcb81W_ia.Rsbo-1739808257-1.2.1.1-QeUoVBAQosKLA.eHAJbIO05PFsAwGNbS0jcgqMhStM6ZweLD_pRI.3AY6LlEnsKqdre7yezIAy_v5yqujHPavYF82JcSJYjMGARrA4SzdDMxE5riGDV1FD7PbjqA.N3KXs3hij3bj359nIdfsMABZD.RoKecjSKmJwXHZRXze5K2OG.5UeTaS95lLNBLXu.w8IxOfIQxXU7W1EqlaF.3MpY75IaA146WxOSxybh0oky49k_tv2zGRAdcxxAt92f98GXL3wEgv8swXlnOC9hQwEhECG0x_DBq6UZPn7TMZOPl4kV36benfEULy6w8iEheJyS2BCKQ.5osop4COR1hvrm2pos7rdqtdyPwJfY.ZNrEoyiLEkAoNJuUAd.UBzMgUQSDNaX.nGA3MAQiZ1cT3WdfGUzpNund4sSsNQCV4k4MT8DAwjTlp05Dy5nFzdY8zXaKw3io_16UMS0281A3e3zuopw71keKY5GErbO7isUHrKi76Ue35FL8FbNQFNeDRW350CVSlvTR8tPmYQnpnO4RH5S6GhTq6j8_gN3_UEzDN9z.NOCVPKZKP1xwf_k9m2xSSoMYjk08lFaVQfH5MdVYwyGRZtZE0CdOBgXd..gk1J1Y_w.2wBuS5Pd6J1xPKiNDPuasIrg5w7C4S_7t8ExslRr19AyAG0yT_ftBYjPez4IUZwKY8ZReF5QAAH_5d_a.SxztPwvLLE64NpdCVFLlziclz3N86GkyK3eiwXSqRDUzb2ja4NeyLzrN9YA8.bjCfec1PqjOSXT6bQxSDBRmccntUhf3n.qO6T6iQK6hT7FM568sM2dJkY7g7Sm1Ad.5h5mq3kxlDwDrx2xpDG2tFqL6iVp15MqGXByGzahGNWYezaCmcQfCY78JBh3JzxfrVTbT3hX0uQAtgyiPzYJII8K0DrVAIpSFIrqhvWVmtQWusqUnyeJTelQr.30_1daZaZOBEUqQSAN0eovoE9EcgiqhWFFvVQH6.g9OtbFEsIsiSXw8djoAWwYCc83E5oD3FxRQJtLhK0IIYIMkp5nQPNz.6dkWWhAgwqugxYgcPrRxbRMuwKDUgZO.IUAbniyV1ZNDBg4GS5WeNDFpT7ZnGlb5RHfoB49WrmZm1oG0rhmZRKMMDIF8djtsnmG5ohQndAIpxvKywSpJNmiRe_dICgVg6XxjbMbq7HYP1U_mVYJ5dAiAxd1ou12BnhPar8D0pxO1YN3jU7ecwS8pUI7cM.wirSh9t_LpQy5wIyi_S1dHM4.aC0XINIaJTU2m.EZEOTpn_cPhdor9Htv.Je7TOkkxQF6BMeEL.n.7ean_1yAFouj4witdkisKbP0BWW4u6_j2w1CHdbx9L1NdxK_9HHTRT8Trl635mjA_FDEEENYw_o0ZO5hB8tRG5rEeYBJBYhrr7Y421MSNTzrRJhKxWNQVn0NCFEx1mHm17HbzH.OaSK6B8vVVTTsJ8hHDi0PAwKusLcgGcrDGfI6wLZCDbkBJ_pE2ZPBif9scWEhLUGvKo7ZW1i4OgVlJydTWIHE1BCXQ_xav3SOA1slQ8qrhmWUFZjGKPbyPTe8VhZhj3xrYHv9DNEn_ozuefMqrqIVxYpNLcOE9b0CgmgRjjN0mZ6Ts1ZDRO9vSrloF9T6AEiD4audNhfEP_NUw5l6AdHanYtpp.8y.6WjLo85ecWgsovgKg7If_LtNHDlGqB07pOpgkAYgo2J.G3YMA1VDojDMcGHinlX3dT9TKN8PQTnwIi_YZ6pHaA_OWBKn3sB1aKpILrtZQ2jbKDS.4Im5taKW6aMh.Qkb279TrjW2rs.8ykBz0v64RQeEOzqBYmSwyOqFZVe8xI11FXOTgRkJ8aMJzwmrvJ3hlzRZxrjsztNmG99WL8vN7GwojMAwKNAv5D0BTOmtCHTq8_7j1jCjNP59pERNKAI3PmTVwMcY5nFTyqtEj2p1su3XZQzHFZPKVJZ9q7ZX3Lx46jbk6TOgFF58pj105QFyDxbN4ievvGUWxwOHGo2ljC8EisdqIRj11qDRUmwWWxHpnM3CuBilY7F9JxoaUx_6zP3Pg_7ecJ4p7WHZYFnh.ItTjILsSz5D8NIfBchbraDbOpCeAzKRg6xB6ILkC1YNHZ2_tWdUaxfz4IcTkg5PmB27.jFpKCItP0j43DjVij.0_DCNSqwFqvQ5t5hSGQs.8qci9iaCA3WHF.o7kt_LnSYBxCvnsSS_qrA038ykVLN2oN4t9NIJZeEos1xaWO6YxdOXvsJFAHLHMHx2gMRdgVKfMtLyShWmXLEx3s2ZFKPXa1F8OEmdOz6QxF2UqYU0f9HpaCZO2I2EAjCKaj4GZgt3KKW7M7D.keSriN3iaYZ67PI62cY6U3BN5L3F_UrtQevxghFl8ZHjOc6Xse6HWxhE8RERFm5CKLD5Chy5Q9MSjkSdUDBJIRTqVMhVRLIDojGSMUv8w5Nse7YXvgDxuxrf9SYXbY8th81Lu8CUBVzLqkE6SVmgepjRqTI9YG83U3dESegRSpFgb0CX2GQs7m1AtGdK5RSdVtENGf3mvRmoXf6g6FFMmZ0dz3nU.lqFozy90q2BGGPTp1Se8L826g9N9yOdJI0eBj0ZG93MwnarUe4CP42e7QoTqGFKxTReWWEUXI.p0ENfdQND0uPpgWDKZklqwVG5LoN6JNCUfKINSNx2kr5DP3g5rLWruarzm3W022DAjw",mdrd: "Fo0SQJ9Wsi_SCZkHl6CVa0rMb3OO1k9S3YFLlBIaPdo-1739808257-1.2.1.1-Fv5Z7K1le4JfM7_Dv1zHRfDBbxacL0s_2zWt_d_qDqs3wCq7o9MkiP6mYGVih9FOSiSi35KIiQIe1OcKB9L1wtgMRjBEX9CM6S8e.zyRmw_vsGNUNRZzLCHclBWDOyX6oSGYjASOvSV43JairsDZpBExoWSjz99PfkYBxJAW9jU4wl.xFOq2xzskWZzDWvPJaUihyCW5YwHf92Uqvz1zU.Ku0.bhoqoYAEWL3MhJa55eg0tQss_ZJKTBAa4ffVmFN9HdOJBlWOrTE3lVJb8pGM_w.iJ0DMsSVZ9DkHeg618v22p1t.VXuGLkQPFx0ASPGTngwPtLN3mXT384OXn_gXANhJ4uPBnkF5yWPlwufbZMJhHg0N_HuWfSlNxtIL62nDl0FZsi7mPjfTwSXoPE0iFahOmsbc8i5z1QmqFrLOk0_aJjJK0jXx1duTJltdr_BJUlvKWO52dmap675ugx1mEDY8hV6ISQDbMQXTzpN4R.ZY6tT12YniqQUJR8lGSP3TVz8iByTmJvTXd8uR6unqnS4G21anQBCBVTNzDyz5gtpWPi5.6ESUAmd3DCA8e39ZfaJ0pLpcSxbOw.cex417bG98EXVWoAy2PGTVneGNMVOwI88KEcSN86wRbG3UJFd1BmpiPyqawbnb_1ujNg81FVTz8K_ydjOXv0UFIRnVncieZO1cpV6hle8L__GdsaRubVxEiUtaeXJbuZx_ursx.XUEN567m15axBKBIM9F_ludGsH5ZSe3cKhDSgjcYwoMBoGyUoBUXB0ncGFyckeBFcJHQfKsACEGtgGmAPb8pYpd0NQ5_JsLM_hTglTBKT9.pqbrkXmiVAhAiZ1lWAQS1UfIUxErwERyRVB.KAHGkV6Mm2lZ3YRwJ9wNwO8J6XFWDgdKxjHHJFyAi60Geh4IdfKeX54HMvnNI0uQwAcBj4mVZgOCK5Mt85fEMU2jXMI2jCwmutupjOjFqKsdjZSBSf4841e5RblqMZvzVgmfX_1n5wKMpYze3Y2KW2u0TQl46ZmQw3ZoYfdB0yceu0LPkWOJIqrDaYuzcwNZSUVscIkZNCMBwY6Ivej7_yEiVrsz3dEHSV07LEWwQm67VTPK06GNvkhDDrGeDLd6xyWLc.ZBQTe6NyJamxGyI2a8ziiLuX1vsPDRg3MevytIyhgYFmg2rjUNZ8i8Zwb42AIOiMJ1s2grEF5Tp0wIQ9gaVZ0_InsE6msLPoUVnu.EBwJEh0OwNKF_5AgggzCNeVzwhPviN46i4gETmK0UoPFBEaOdurwQxOcr5KvlFuIwi2NNOypcneSVRnwl.0JZyEZH.bLyHgwRDwmmu.bAyPracPsdp60IzlMZXlh0_jOEQVa3FO3OblhkkzvQi2rlzYD_5CXycHK8zlD2pjFJS4u.DYmioJi5DgLYtjy9Shh4OCrpPU8qdnLtdV9zzI8wEXnSDZBJObSyFx2cJ4ZPX46JO02dnm_sx._7tBPkr.NcAIuDtOv8.UwraHnQn5pxN29lxuYQg2o8rR9hcv873DvUVzmAe9i.mDPbFQ8XOeKztK13BELfmpA40TyDv7TDJW81z44rM2r9pH7CoBKVwz9F77ZkR2Rl6kS554DsPuzwpGA2SF8u0jUu21qqLNyzlLUOB7B9tx3npxHVVIe9iZHIn8xg2H_7aGNjr1zSJEOSLbAugyrWq9ppnkJ3wLPTMIH.ghLITr_TaB0Tr48zdtohubHwJT7JKa6OE4mgPq39pffAO92tFnKijA_uTPMwQ89bHrzuzg99QZAQTM022e2qlLJ5W9GaiuWBBhMuZxrH731FUiTY8rMwvjx2hoqE0aIcFp5TzOGvcoslpGHEcQNJSWHkaxfzUkqdVNz19OlvrhO.BTrgVwtELN62e21hYjMo1bf8F2altYI0VejNEk4MK_PR3G2mdky2DFxvN3IeIYpuaQ.QLn4VQQguPy2tNoGxUqwVRFbTftiWVcb5Ayq_Yo"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9137032ada98ce43';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/physicstoday\/article\/53\/3\/70\/411209\/Quantum-Theory-Needs-No-Interpretation?__cf_chl_rt_tk=QS6DgZNx.JlY62tsprtVwWAMzv8cCOm94wcBAc2zZhc-1739808257-1.0.1.1-9oc_Fo2_rf7md6mOD2CRdXU7MZS4lRa7aUqTVrDV2lQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>