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维尔纽斯 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理与气候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理与气候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>地理与气候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地理与气候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建筑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建筑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>建筑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建筑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>经济</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>交通</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-交通-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关交通子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-共享汽车和电动车" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#共享汽车和电动车"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>共享汽车和电动车</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-共享汽车和电动车-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公交系统" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公交系统"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>公交系统</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公交系统-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-友好城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#友好城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>友好城市</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-友好城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-備註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#備註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>備註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-備註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">维尔纽斯</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。196种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-196" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">196种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Вильниус – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Вильниус" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AA%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%B5" title="ቪልኒውስ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቪልኒውስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فيلنيوس – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيلنيوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ڤيلنيوس – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڤيلنيوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فيلنيوس – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلنيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wil%C3%B1us" title="Wilñus – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Wilñus" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viln%C3%BCs" title="Vilnüs – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilnüs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97lnios" title="Vėlnios – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėlnios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вільнюс – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вільнюс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Вільня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вільня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilnius" title="Wilnius – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wilnius" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вилнюс – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вилнюс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ভিলনিয়াস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিলনিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྦེ་ནི་སུ་ནི། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྦེ་ནི་སུ་ནི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADlnius" title="Vílnius – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vílnius" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ڤیلنیوس – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیلنیوس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viln%C3%BCs" title="Vilnüs – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vilnüs" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilno" title="Wilno – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Wilno" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D2%84%D1%8C" title="Вилн҄ь – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Вилн҄ь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Βίλνιους – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίλνιους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilno" title="Vilno – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vilno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ویلنیوس – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلنیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnias" title="Vilnias – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vilnias" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viln%C3%BCs" title="Vilnüs – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Vilnüs" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌽𐌿𐍃 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌽𐌿𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%94" title="וילנה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="विल्नुस – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विल्नुस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnis" title="Vilnis – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vilnis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Վիլնյուս – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլնյուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 国际文字(E)" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字(E)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viln%C3%ADus" title="Vilníus – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vilníus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%95%E1%93%AA%E1%93%82%E1%90%85%E1%94%85" title="ᕕᓪᓂᐅᔅ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕕᓪᓂᐅᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B9" title="ヴィリニュス – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィリニュス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ვილნიუსი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილნიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="빌뉴스 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌뉴스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilna" title="Wilna – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Wilna" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C4%BCne" title="Viļne – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Viļne" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C4%BC%C5%86a" title="Viļņa – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viļņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81" title="Вилнус – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилнус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="വിൽനുസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിൽനുസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="व्हिल्नियस – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हिल्नियस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Вильнюс ош – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Вильнюс ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ویلنیوس – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلنیوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3_Doolk%CA%BCool%C3%AD" title="Tó Doolkʼoolí – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó Doolkʼoolí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADlnius" title="Vílnius – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vílnius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%E2%80%99nussu" title="Vil’nussu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vil’nussu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8" title="ਵਿਲਨਸ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲਨਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilno" title="Wilno – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wilno" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ولنیس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولنیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Вільно – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вільно" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%83" title="विल्ञुः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विल्ञुः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AClnius" title="Vìlnius – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Vìlnius" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%B3" title="ولنيئس – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ولنيئس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilniusi" title="Vilniusi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vilniusi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%9A%D1%83%D1%81" title="Вилњус – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилњус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="வில்னியஸ் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்னியஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вилнюс – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вилнюс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="วิลนีอัส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลนีอัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnus" title="Vilnus – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Vilnus" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вильнюс – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вильнюс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Вільнюс – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільнюс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ویلنیوس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویلنیوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnyus" title="Vilnyus – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vilnyus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%27n%C3%BCs" title="Vil'nüs – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vil'nüs" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilniyus" title="Wilniyus – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wilniyus" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维尔纽斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ვილნიუსი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვილნიუსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="ווילנע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווילנע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filnius" title="Filnius – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Filnius" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vilnius" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF" title="維爾紐斯 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維爾紐斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVilnyusi" title="IVilnyusi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IVilnyusi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q216#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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.ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年8月5日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>,<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%22">"维尔纽斯"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%22">图像</a></span>),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>)。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox 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.mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">维尔纽斯</span><br /><span class="nickname" lang="lt">Vilnius</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛行政区划">首都</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnus_Montage_(2016).png" class="mw-file-description" title="由右上方起順時針:格迪米納斯塔、維爾紐斯商業區(立陶宛语:Šnipiškės)、總統府、城堡街、黎明門、維爾紐斯主教座堂"><img alt="由右上方起順時針:格迪米納斯塔、維爾紐斯商業區(立陶宛语:Šnipiškės)、總統府、城堡街、黎明門、維爾紐斯主教座堂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vilnus_Montage_%282016%29.png/250px-Vilnus_Montage_%282016%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vilnus_Montage_%282016%29.png/375px-Vilnus_Montage_%282016%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Vilnus_Montage_%282016%29.png/500px-Vilnus_Montage_%282016%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div>由右上方起順時針:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94" title="格迪米納斯塔">格迪米納斯塔</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維爾紐斯商業區" data-lang-code="lt" data-lang-name="立陶宛语" data-foreign-title="Šnipiškės"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維爾紐斯商業區(页面不存在)">維爾紐斯商業區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">立陶宛语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0nipi%C5%A1k%C4%97s" class="extiw" title="lt:Šnipiškės"><span lang="lt" dir="auto">Šnipiškės</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C_(%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B)" title="總統府 (立陶宛)">總統府</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1%E8%A1%97" title="城堡街">城堡街</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E%E9%96%80" title="黎明門">黎明門</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="維爾紐斯主教座堂">維爾紐斯主教座堂</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84040992">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vilnius.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="维尔纽斯旗幟"><img alt="维尔纽斯旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vilnius.svg/100px-Flag_of_Vilnius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vilnius.svg/150px-Flag_of_Vilnius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vilnius.svg/200px-Flag_of_Vilnius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><br /><small>旗幟</small></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="维尔纽斯徽章"><img alt="维尔纽斯徽章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Grand_Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius.svg/100px-Grand_Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Grand_Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius.svg/150px-Grand_Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Grand_Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius.svg/200px-Grand_Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="797" /></a></span><br /><small>徽章</small></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66786032">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lithuania_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="维尔纽斯在立陶宛的位置"><img alt="维尔纽斯在立陶宛的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lithuania_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Lithuania_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lithuania_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Lithuania_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lithuania_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Lithuania_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1268" /></a></span><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:67.093%;left:71.765%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维尔纽斯"><img alt="维尔纽斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;right:4px"><div>维尔纽斯</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><small>維爾紐斯在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>的位置</small></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标:<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&params=54.6872_N_25.28_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">54°41′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">25°16′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">54.6872°N 25.28°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.6872; 25.28</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">國家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">县</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="维尔纽斯县">维尔纽斯县</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">政府<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%BF" title="市长">市长</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Remigijus Šimašius</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">面积<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛行政区划">首都</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">401 平方公里(155 平方英里)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">海拔<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">20 公尺(70 英尺)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">人口<span style="font-weight:normal">(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-regis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛行政区划">首都</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">580,020人</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,446人/平方公里(3,746人/平方英里)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="都會區">都會區</a><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">810,290</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲东部时间">欧洲东部时间</a>(<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏时制</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲东部夏令时间">欧洲东部夏令时间</a>(<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vilnius.lt/">vilnius<wbr />.lt</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; font-size:smaller"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><div class="skin-invert" style="border:4px solid #FFE153; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;color: #000;"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">联合国教科文组织世界遗产</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">官方名称</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E8%88%8A%E5%9F%8E" title="維爾紐斯舊城">维尔纽斯历史中心</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">類型</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">文化遗产</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">標準</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><abbr title="指被确定为该等级保护地的时间。">评定时间</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1997年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">參考編碼</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">欧洲</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>维尔纽斯</b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a>:<span lang="lt">Vilnius</span>,<small></small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:立陶宛语国际音标">[ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/03\/Lt-Vilnius.oga\/Lt-Vilnius.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Lt-Vilnius.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Lt-Vilnius.oga/Lt-Vilnius.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Lt-Vilnius.oga" title="File:Lt-Vilnius.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>)</span>;<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>:<span lang="pl">Wilno</span>;<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a>:<span lang="yi" dir="rtl">ווילנע</span>‎;<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯語">白俄羅斯語</a>:<span lang="be">Вільня</span>;俄语:<span lang="ru">Вильнюс</span>),現代<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>國土內的首都和最大城市,繼承自前<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%9B%9F%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="苏联加盟共和国">加盟共和国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國">立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國</a>时代確立的首都建制。该市人口为580,020人(整个<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="维尔纽斯县">维尔纽斯县</a>的人口为810,290人)<sup id="cite_ref-regis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E8%88%8A%E5%9F%8E" title="維爾紐斯舊城">舊城</a>在1994年被列入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="世界文化遺產">世界文化遺產</a>。維爾紐斯也是2009年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%BD" title="欧洲文化之都">欧洲文化之都</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_1576.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vilnius_1576.jpg/220px-Vilnius_1576.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vilnius_1576.jpg/330px-Vilnius_1576.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vilnius_1576.jpg/440px-Vilnius_1576.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="1973" /></a><figcaption>1576年的维尔纽斯</figcaption></figure> <p>在歷史上,維爾紐斯曾因為各種政治及軍事的原因而曾屬於不同的國家。 </p><p>維爾紐斯是一座歷史古都。历史学家Romas Batūra認為传说中1253年<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%81%93%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="明道加斯">明道加斯</a>加冕成为立陶宛国王的京城Voruta,就是维尔纽斯。根据<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%B2%83%E4%BB%80" title="切斯瓦夫·米沃什">切斯瓦夫·米沃什</a>的描述,“有一位立陶宛统治者,在一次打猎后在篝火边睡着,做了一个预言性的梦。解梦以后,就在他刚才睡觉的地方建造了一座城市。”<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>该市第一次在文献中被提及是在1323年,大公<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" title="格迪米纳斯">格迪米纳斯</a>在上年底寫信給<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望二十二世">若望二十二世</a>要求庇护立陶宛免于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E9%A1%BF%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="条顿骑士团">条顿骑士团</a>的劫掠<sup id="cite_ref-letters_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letters-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,在達成和解後,1325年1月25日其再向<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%96%A9%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢薩同盟">漢薩同盟</a>的主要城市發信,鼓勵贵族、骑士、貿易商、工匠到地主和耕农的各階層(德國人和猶太人)来立陶宛定居<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-letters_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letters-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,於是在維爾紐斯就逐漸發展出一個龐大的猶太人社區<sup id="cite_ref-:三国_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:三国-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p><p>1362年或1363年立陶宛大公<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔吉尔达斯">阿爾吉爾達斯</a>在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藍水之戰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Blue Waters"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8D%E6%B0%B4%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藍水之戰(页面不存在)">藍水之戰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blue_Waters" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Blue Waters"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Blue Waters</span></a></span>)</span></span>中大敗<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國">金帳汗國</a>後<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,擴展領土至<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="波多里亚">波多里亞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%8E%9F%E9%87%8E" title="烏克蘭原野">烏克蘭原野</a><sup id="cite_ref-baran_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baran-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同時原<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="基輔羅斯">基輔羅斯</a>的文明——<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉夫语">斯拉夫教會語言</a>和法律傳統都傳入了維爾紐斯,使得該地取代基輔,在與波蘭聯合並強化<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>影響前、一直是作為斯拉夫東正教文明的中心<sup id="cite_ref-:斯奈德_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:斯奈德-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1387年立陶宛大公<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="約蓋拉">约盖拉</a>給予该市<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="马格德堡权利">马格德堡权利</a>。在1503年到1522年期间,该市周围建起了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="城墙">城墙</a>,有9个<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="城门">城门</a>和3座塔。白羅斯文人<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗蘭西斯克·斯克里納" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Francysk Skaryna"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗蘭西斯克·斯克里納(页面不存在)">弗蘭西斯克·斯克里納</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francysk_Skaryna" class="extiw" title="en:Francysk Skaryna"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Francysk Skaryna</span></a></span>)</span></span> 於約莫1522年左右,在該地設立了東歐史上第一個印刷所<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="齐格蒙特二世">齐格蒙特二世</a>管治時期的城邦達到了發展頂峰,他在1544年将宫廷搬到这里。在此后几个世纪中,维尔纽斯持续地增长。增长部分也是由于国王<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="斯特凡·巴托里">斯特凡·巴托里</a>在1579年创立了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="维尔纽斯大学">维尔纽斯耶稣会大学</a>,这所大学很快就发展成该地区最重要的科学与文化中心之一和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="波兰立陶宛联邦">波兰立陶宛联邦</a>最著名的科学中心。该市的政治、经济和社会活动都很活跃。在该市快速发展期间,向立陶宛大公国庞大版图内乃至国外的移民开放。每个团体都对这座城市的生活做出了独特的贡献,使得手工业、贸易和科学繁荣起来。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%B3%A2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89_(1654%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1667%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="俄波战争 (1654年-1667年)">俄波战争(1654年-1667年)</a>期间,维尔纽斯被俄国军队占领了数年,该市遭到了掠夺和纵火,市民遭到屠杀。该市失去了多年来成长的动力,但人口仍然逐渐回弹,19世纪初,该市人口达到20,000人,是北欧最大的城市之一。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_of_Dawn_Exterior,_Vilnius,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gate_of_Dawn_Exterior%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/170px-Gate_of_Dawn_Exterior%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gate_of_Dawn_Exterior%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/255px-Gate_of_Dawn_Exterior%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Gate_of_Dawn_Exterior%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/340px-Gate_of_Dawn_Exterior%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2977" data-file-height="3652" /></a><figcaption>唯一保存下来的城门<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E%E9%96%80" title="黎明門">黎明门</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1795年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="第三次瓜分波蘭">第三次瓜分波兰</a>以后,维尔纽斯被俄国吞并,成为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E7%9C%81" title="维尔纳省">维尔纳省</a>的首府。俄国占领期间拆毁了城墙,到1805年,已经只剩下黎明门一座城门。1812年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破仑">拿破仑</a>在远征莫斯科途中,占领了该市。1831年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="十一月起义">十一月起义</a>以后,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="维尔纽斯大学">维尔纽斯大学</a>被关闭,俄国人的镇压阻止了该市的发展。1863年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="一月起義">一月起义</a>期间,市内发生了激烈的战斗, 被人称“刽子手”的米哈伊·姆拉约夫残酷地镇压下去。起义之后所有公民自由被取消,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语">波兰语</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="立陶宛语">立陶宛语</a>被禁止使用。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>期间,从1915年到1918年,维尔纽斯和立陶宛其他地区均被<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>占领。1918年2月16日,在维尔纽斯宣布了《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛独立法案">立陶宛独立法案</a>》。德国军队撤退以后,立陶宛武装被向前推进的俄国占领军所击退。维尔纽斯多次易手:波兰自卫队控制了一段时间,以阻止该市被俄国布尔什维克军队占领;然后波兰军队恢复了控制,苏联军队又再次占领。紅軍於1920年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(1920%E5%B9%B4)" title="华沙战役 (1920年)">华沙战役</a>被击败后,撤离维尔纽斯。1920年10月7日,波兰签署了苏瓦乌基协议,承认维尔纽斯地区属于<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不过,同年10月9日,盧齊昂·傑里哥斯基将军率领波兰军队撕毁和约,突袭占领维尔纽斯。该市及周围地区成立了中立陶宛共和国(Vidurio Lietuvos Respublika)。1922年2月20日,整个地区成为波兰的一部分,维尔纽斯成为维尔诺省的省会。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rzeczpospolita_Central_Lithuania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Rzeczpospolita_Central_Lithuania.png/220px-Rzeczpospolita_Central_Lithuania.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Rzeczpospolita_Central_Lithuania.png/330px-Rzeczpospolita_Central_Lithuania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Rzeczpospolita_Central_Lithuania.png/440px-Rzeczpospolita_Central_Lithuania.png 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>1923年的维尔纽斯</figcaption></figure> <p>在这期间,维尔纽斯经历了一个快速发展的时期,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="维尔纽斯大学">维尔纽斯大学</a>重新开放,改名为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="斯特凡·巴托里">斯特凡·巴托里</a>大学,城市的基础设施也得到显著改进。到1931年,该市拥有195,000名居民,名列波兰的第五大城市,还拥有生产名牌收音机的Elektrit工厂。不过,一些立陶宛人对当时的经济增长提出质疑,认为当时维尔纽斯的生活水准显著低于当代立陶宛的其他地区。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_St_Anns_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vilnius_St_Anns_church.jpg/220px-Vilnius_St_Anns_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vilnius_St_Anns_church.jpg/330px-Vilnius_St_Anns_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vilnius_St_Anns_church.jpg/440px-Vilnius_St_Anns_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>圣安妮教堂和<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%99%E7%AC%83%E4%BC%9A" title="熙笃会">熙笃会</a>修道院</figcaption></figure> <p>1939年8月23日秘密的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="苏德互不侵犯条约">苏德互不侵犯条约</a>》签订以后,在9月19日,<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="蘇聯入侵波蘭">蘇聯入侵波蘭</a>并吞并了维尔纽斯。10月10日,立陶宛政府接受了苏联的最后通牒,容许苏联在立陶宛境內设立军事基地,交换条件是使维尔纽斯回到立陶宛。10月28日,苏联红军从维尔纽斯撤到郊外,将这座城市交给立陶宛军队。10月29日,在市中心举行了一个隆重的仪式加以庆祝。不久以后,立陶宛开始了从考纳斯迁都到维尔纽斯的进程。不过,在迁都完成之前,1940年6月,整个立陶宛被<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>占领,成立了一个共产党政府——<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国">立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国</a>,首府设在维尔纽斯。有4万名居民遭到<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内务人民委员会">内务人民委员会</a>的逮捕,被流放到苏联远东地区的集中营。苏联摧毁了城市的工业,斯大林将整个Elektrit无线电厂和一部分工人迁移到白俄罗斯的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="明斯克">明斯克</a>,并改名为维亚切斯拉夫·莫洛托夫无线电厂。 </p><p>1941年6月,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>军队占领了维尔纽斯。德国人在犹太人众多的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E8%88%8A%E5%9F%8E" title="維爾紐斯舊城">维尔纽斯旧城</a>中心地区建立了两个犹太人隔离区。较小的一个隔离区在10月就被“清算”。较大的一个隔离区一直持续到1943年。佔領持續的時期製造了歐洲佔領地內的第一次<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%B4%8D%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="波納里大屠殺">猶太大屠殺</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,包括週期性處決的活動,導致維爾紐斯延續多世紀的猶太文明被徹底摧毀,當地猶太文學圈倖存的詩人之一<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞伯拉罕·蘇茲克維爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abraham Sutzkever"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E8%98%87%E8%8C%B2%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞伯拉罕·蘇茲克維爾(页面不存在)">亞伯拉罕·蘇茲克維爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Sutzkever" class="extiw" title="en:Abraham Sutzkever"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abraham Sutzkever</span></a></span>)</span></span>唯有離開廢墟遷移到<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-:Yung_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Yung-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:斯奈德_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:斯奈德-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1943年9月1日,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E6%B8%B8%E5%87%BB%E9%98%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="联合游击队组织">联合游击队组织</a>(纳粹占领的欧洲第一支犹太游击队)组织了一次隔都起义,起义失败后,隔都被完全毁灭。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_Three_Crosses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vilnius_Three_Crosses.jpg/220px-Vilnius_Three_Crosses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vilnius_Three_Crosses.jpg/330px-Vilnius_Three_Crosses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Vilnius_Three_Crosses.jpg/440px-Vilnius_Three_Crosses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>三十字架</figcaption></figure> <p>1944年7月,苏联军队重新夺回维尔纽斯。内务人民委员会逮捕了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%B6%E9%84%89%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭家鄉軍">波蘭家鄉軍</a>的領導者。维尔纽斯被并入苏联,不久以后成为<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国">立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国</a>的首府。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>结束后,大批的波兰人立即被从苏联占领的立陶宛驱逐到波兰,同时将立陶宛人移入维尔纽斯,從而不僅再大幅改變了當地住民的構成,還是將作為城市生活方式的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="波蘭文化">波蘭文化</a>給徹底根除了<sup id="cite_ref-:斯奈德_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:斯奈德-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。曾反抗蘇聯的立陶宛知識界有不少人被驅逐出境<sup id="cite_ref-:Eberhardt_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Eberhardt-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,在1953年返回後發現維爾紐斯的文化氛圍逐漸地轉向立陶宛,知識界後便妥協以加入共產黨為條件換取<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="立陶宛文化">立陶宛文化</a>的自由空間<sup id="cite_ref-:斯奈德_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:斯奈德-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:之後不僅立陶宛文學語言轉變為正確、標準的「學者語言」,<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維爾紐斯大學">維爾紐斯大學</a>隨即也發展成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="波罗的语族">波羅的語</a>研究的港灣<sup id="cite_ref-:Zigmas_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Zigmas-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1989年8月23日,爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛3个波罗的海国家有2,000,000人组成贯穿三国,南端直抵维尔纽斯的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="波羅的海之路">人链</a>,要求三国从苏联独立<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1990年3月11日,立陶宛苏维埃社会主义共和国最高苏维埃宣布立陶宛从苏联独立,恢复独立的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛共和国">立陶宛共和国</a>,1991年1月9日,苏联做出了反应,派遣一支部队。1月13日,在苏联军队进攻广播电视大楼和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%A1%94" title="維爾紐斯電視塔">维尔纽斯电视塔</a>时,有14人身亡,超过700人受伤。苏联最终在1991年承认了立陶宛独立。 </p><p>此后,维尔纽斯试图清除苏联时代的历史痕迹,并迅速转变为一个现代化的欧洲城市。许多古老的建筑得到修复,包括历史上屡次遭到俄国当局拆毁的纪念性建筑<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6" title="三十字架">三十字架</a>,并在内里斯河以北发展了“新城市中心”商务区,预计将成为该市主要的行政和商务区。这一区域包括现代化的住宅区和零售区,以及市政建筑和最突出的建筑——一座129米高的欧洲塔。近年来已经建成许多现代化的商务和零售中心,还有许多其他项目正在等待实施。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uzupis_Border.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Uzupis_Border.JPG/220px-Uzupis_Border.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Uzupis_Border.JPG/330px-Uzupis_Border.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Uzupis_Border.JPG/440px-Uzupis_Border.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>通往<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="對岸共和國">对岸共和国</a>的桥梁</figcaption></figure> <p>1997年4月1日,一群艺术家在被<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B2%B3" title="维尔尼亚河">维尔尼亚河</a>围绕的地区成立<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="對岸共和國">对岸共和国</a>,并拥有自己的国旗、货币、总统、宪法和一支12人的「军队」。不过该「共和国」比较像是一个艺术家群体,当地设有不少艺术画廊,艺术家工作坊和咖啡馆,当地的文艺活动亦有透过维尔纽斯市政府宣传推广。 </p><p>2009年,维尔纽斯成为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%BD" title="欧洲文化之都">欧洲文化之都</a>。立陶宛大力促成这一事件,维尔纽斯历史中心及其主要标志建筑已经得到修复。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理与气候"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E4.B8.8E.E6.B0.94.E5.80.99"></span>地理与气候</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:地理与气候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lituania_Vilnius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Lituania_Vilnius.jpg/170px-Lituania_Vilnius.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Lituania_Vilnius.jpg/255px-Lituania_Vilnius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Lituania_Vilnius.jpg/340px-Lituania_Vilnius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>维尔纽斯的冬天</figcaption></figure> <p>维尔纽斯位于立陶宛的东南部(<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&params=54_41_N_25_17_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">54°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">25°17′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">54.683°N 25.283°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.683; 25.283</span></span></span></a></span></span>)。距离<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>边界仅有40公里。维尔纽斯的地理位置位于立陶宛的一角,造成这种情况应归因于几个世纪以来立陶宛这个国家边界形状的改变;过去,维尔纽斯曾经处于<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛大公国">立陶宛大公国</a>的地理中心。 </p><p>维尔纽斯位于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B2%B3" title="维尔尼亚河">维尔尼亚河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3" title="内里斯河">内里斯河</a>的汇合处。据认为维尔纽斯的名称就得名于穿过城市的维尔尼亚河。维尔纽斯距离波罗的海和立陶宛主要海港<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E4%BD%A9%E8%BE%BE" title="克莱佩达">克莱佩达</a>312公里。维尔纽斯和立陶宛其他主要城市之间以公路相连,距离<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="考纳斯">考纳斯</a>102公里,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E8%89%BE" title="希奥利艾">希奥利艾</a>214公里, <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%A7%E9%9F%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%96%AF" title="帕內韋日斯">帕內韋日斯</a>135公里。 </p><p>维尔纽斯附近是声称是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲地理中心(页面不存在)">欧洲地理中心</a>的几个地点之一。 </p><p>维尔纽斯市的面积为402平方公里。其中20.2%的地区被建筑物所覆盖,绿地占面积的43.9%,水面占2.1%。 </p><p>维尔纽斯的气候类型介于大陆性气候与海洋性气候之间,年平均气温为6.1 °C;一月平均气温为−4.9 °C,七月平均气温位17.0 °C。年平均降水量月为661毫米。 </p><p>维尔纽斯的夏季溫暖,整個白天的气温都可以來到20幾攝氏度,偶爾還會破30度,这时该市的夜生活相当活跃,在白天,户外酒吧和咖啡馆非常普遍。夏季的歷史最高溫是1959年7月的35.4度。 </p><p>冬季非常寒冷,气温很少在0摄氏度以上,在一月和二月,气温低于零下20摄氏度并不罕见。在每年寒冷的冬季,维尔纽斯的河流和附近的湖泊都会封冻,一项流行的消遣活动就是冰上钓鱼,钓鱼者在冰上凿出一个洞,然后用带饵的钩钓鱼。冬季的歷史最低溫是1940年1月的零下37.2度。 </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">維爾紐斯(平均數據1991–2020年,日照數據1961–1990年) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">月份 </th> <th scope="col">1月 </th> <th scope="col">2月 </th> <th scope="col">3月 </th> <th scope="col">4月 </th> <th scope="col">5月 </th> <th scope="col">6月 </th> <th scope="col">7月 </th> <th scope="col">8月 </th> <th scope="col">9月 </th> <th scope="col">10月 </th> <th scope="col">11月 </th> <th scope="col">12月 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">全年 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最高温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均高温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">日均气温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均低温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.9<br />(21.4) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最低温 °C(°F) </th> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−37.2<br />(−35.0) </td> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.8<br />(−32.4) </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.6<br />(−21.3) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.4<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.4<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.8<br />(−9.0) </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.5<br />(−22.9) </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−37.2<br />(−35.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F" title="降水量">降水量</a> mm(英寸) </th> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(1.53) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(1.35) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(1.46) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.2<br />(1.82) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.1<br />(2.05) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.7<br />(2.86) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.3<br />(3.12) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.8<br />(2.98) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.2<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.2<br />(1.94) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">653.8<br />(25.74) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降水天数 </th> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.7 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.4 </td> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.5 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.2 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">174.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">月均<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%85%A7%E6%99%82%E6%95%B8" title="日照時數">日照時數</a> </th> <td style="background: #434343; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #8C8C8C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #B4B468; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">231 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217 </td> <td style="background: #C2C219; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93 </td> <td style="background: #3E3E3E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #2D2D2D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD36; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,591 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="紫外线指数">紫外线指数</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="世界氣象組織">WMO</a>(平均高、低溫)<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>(日照、極端溫度、平均氣溫)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、Météo Climat<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="floatright" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; border:1px solid black; background:#fafafa"> <caption><b><span style="font-size:120%">歷史上維爾紐斯的族裔構成</span></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:70px;">年份 </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:110px;">立陶宛人 </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:115px;">波蘭人 </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:100px;">俄羅斯人 </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:90px;">猶太人 </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:90px;">其他 </th> <th scope="col" style="width:70">總計 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Empire_Census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Empire Census(页面不存在)">1897</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3,131 </td> <td>2% </td> <td>47,795 </td> <td>30.1% </td> <td>30,967 </td> <td>20% </td> <td>61,847 </td> <td>40% </td> <td>10,792 </td> <td>7% </td> <td><b>154,532</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1931 </td> <td>1,579 </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td>128,600 </td> <td>65.5% </td> <td>7,400 </td> <td>3.8% </td> <td>54,600 </td> <td>27.8% </td> <td>4,166 </td> <td>2.1% </td> <td><b>196,345</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1959<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder_92-93_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder_92-93-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>79,400 </td> <td>34% </td> <td>47,200 </td> <td>20% </td> <td>69,400 </td> <td>29% </td> <td>16,400 </td> <td>7% </td> <td>23,700 </td> <td>10% </td> <td><b>236,100</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2001<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>318,510 </td> <td>57.5% </td> <td>104,446 </td> <td>18.9% </td> <td>77,698 </td> <td>14.1% </td> <td>2,770 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>50,480 </td> <td>9.1% </td> <td><b>553,904</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2011<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>337,000 </td> <td>63.2% </td> <td>88,380 </td> <td>16.5% </td> <td>64,275 </td> <td>12% </td> <td colspan="2">N/A </td> <td>45,976 </td> <td>8.6% </td> <td><b>535,631</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_Uzupio_Respublica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vilnius_Uzupio_Respublica.jpg/220px-Vilnius_Uzupio_Respublica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vilnius_Uzupio_Respublica.jpg/330px-Vilnius_Uzupio_Respublica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vilnius_Uzupio_Respublica.jpg/440px-Vilnius_Uzupio_Respublica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="對岸共和國">對岸天使</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1897年:根據俄羅斯帝國人口調查,居民共154,500人。最大的語族是使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a>的族群(61,847人)和使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>的人(47,795人)。其他語族還有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語">俄語</a>(30,967人),<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯語">白俄羅斯語</a>(6,514人),<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭語">烏克蘭語</a>(517人),<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a>(3,131人),<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a>(2,170人),<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="韃靼語">韃靼語</a>(722人)和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉脫維亞語">拉脫維亞語</a>(184人)。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>1916年:根據1916年12月14日佔領維爾紐斯的德軍調查,居民共138,794人:其中波蘭人佔53.67%(74,466人)、猶太人41.45%(57,516人)、立陶宛人2.09%(2,909人)、俄羅斯人1.59%(2,219人)、德國人0.63%(880人)、白俄羅斯人0.44(644人)及其他0.13%(193人)。</li></ul> <ul><li>1923年:居民共167,545人,其中包含100,830名波蘭人以及55,437名猶太人。</li></ul> <ul><li>1931年:居民共196,345人。根據1931年12月9日調查,波蘭人佔維爾紐斯人口的65.9%(128,600人),猶太人28%(54,600人),俄羅斯人3.8%(7,400人),白俄羅斯人0.9%(1,700人),立陶宛人0.8%(1,579人),德國人0.3%(600人),烏克蘭人0.1%(200人),以及其他0.2%(大約400人)。同一年維爾紐斯縣居民共1,272,851人,其中511,741人日常溝通使用波蘭語。</li></ul> <ul><li>1959年:根據蘇聯調查,維爾紐斯居民共236,100人,其中34%(79,400人)認為自己是立陶宛人,29%(69,400人)認為自己是俄羅斯人,20%(47,200人)認為自己是波蘭人,7%(16,400人)認為自己是猶太人,以及6%(14,700人)認為自己是白俄羅斯人。<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder_92-93_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder_92-93-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1989年:根據蘇聯調查,維爾紐斯居民共576,700人,其中50.5% (291,500人) 為立陶宛人,20%為俄羅斯人,19%為波蘭人,5%為白俄羅斯人。<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder_92-93_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder_92-93-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001年:根據維爾紐斯地區統計局調查,維爾紐斯居民共542,287人,其中57.8%為立陶宛人,18.7%為波蘭人,14%為俄羅斯人,4.0%為白俄羅斯人,1.3%為烏克蘭人,0.5%為猶太人;其餘屬其他國籍,或不願回答調查的居民。</li> <li>2011年:根據2011年立陶宛統計,維爾紐斯居民來自128種族裔,是立陶宛種族最多元的城市,其中主要種族是立陶宛人(63.6%),其次則是波蘭、俄羅斯、白俄羅斯人。<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="建筑"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AD.91"></span>建筑</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:建筑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Vilnius_Modern_Skyline_At_Dusk%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12000" data-file-height="6258" /></a><figcaption>維爾紐斯的現代遠景,破曉時分在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94" title="格迪米納斯塔">格迪米納斯塔</a>向西北方拍攝</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_Ostrobramska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vilnius_Ostrobramska.jpg/220px-Vilnius_Ostrobramska.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vilnius_Ostrobramska.jpg/330px-Vilnius_Ostrobramska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vilnius_Ostrobramska.jpg/440px-Vilnius_Ostrobramska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Aušros Vartai 街,街道尽头的中世纪城门黎明门内的小教堂供奉仁慈圣母</figcaption></figure> <p>维尔纽斯是一座世界性的都市,拥有变化多样的建筑,维尔纽斯有40多座<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>。 </p><p>维尔纽斯拥有典型的中世纪城镇的格局,环绕市政厅发展起来。主干道Pilies街将宫殿与市政厅连接起来。从这里向外放射出许多狭窄、弯曲的街道,两边布满教堂、店铺、手工作坊、贵族的府第和隐蔽的庭院。 </p><p>维尔纽斯旧城的规模较大,面积达到3.6 km²,是欧洲最大的旧城之一。最有价值的历史文化遗迹都集中于此。旧城内将近1500座建筑物,分别建于几个世纪,形成许多不同的建筑风格交相辉映的壮丽辉煌的艺术效果。尽管维尔纽斯以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="巴洛克">巴洛克</a>城市著称,这里也有许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="哥特式建筑">哥特式</a>(如圣安娜教堂)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文艺复兴式(页面不存在)">文艺复兴式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="新古典主义">新古典主义</a>(如主教座堂)和其他风格。该市最重要的地标是位于小丘上的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%BA%95%E6%95%8F%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格底敏城堡(页面不存在)">格底敏城堡</a>和山下的座堂广场,形成一组错落有致的壮观建筑群,控制着进入维尔纽斯古城的门户。由于维尔纽斯旧城具有独特的魅力,在1994年被联合国教科文组织列为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产</a>。1995年,世界上第一座<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E5%B8%95" title="弗兰克·扎帕">弗兰克·扎帕</a>的青铜雕塑就安置在维尔纽斯市中心附近。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>经济</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:经济"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>维尔纽斯是立陶宛的主要经济中心,波罗的海国家最大的金融中心之一。虽然该市人口仅拥有立陶宛的15%的人口,该市的GDP却占立陶宛的35%<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2005年,根据<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="购买力平价">购买力平价</a>估算的人均GDP大约为33,100美元,超过<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>平均水平。2004年,维尔纽斯贡献给国家460亿立陶宛里(第二大城市<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="考纳斯">考纳斯</a>仅为150亿立陶宛里),占立陶宛国库收入的37%。同时,维尔纽斯从国家得到的拨款仅有3.6亿立陶宛里,占其上缴款项的7.7%。其间巨大的落差导致市政当局与中央政府的冲突。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_Cathedral_Exterior_2,_Vilnius,_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Vilnius_Cathedral_Exterior_2%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Vilnius_Cathedral_Exterior_2%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Vilnius_Cathedral_Exterior_2%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Vilnius_Cathedral_Exterior_2%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Vilnius_Cathedral_Exterior_2%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Vilnius_Cathedral_Exterior_2%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4745" /></a><figcaption>天主教维尔纽斯主教座堂</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_HMG_Orthodox_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vilnius_HMG_Orthodox_church.jpg/220px-Vilnius_HMG_Orthodox_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vilnius_HMG_Orthodox_church.jpg/330px-Vilnius_HMG_Orthodox_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vilnius_HMG_Orthodox_church.jpg/440px-Vilnius_HMG_Orthodox_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2153" data-file-height="1723" /></a><figcaption>东正教维尔纽斯主教座堂</figcaption></figure> <p>由于维尔纽斯是一个多元文化的城市,该市也是一个多种宗教并存的城市。 </p><p>维尔纽斯是立陶宛的天主教中心,总主教座堂和主要的教会机构都设在该市。这里有一大批活跃的开放教堂,还有附属的修道院和教会学校。教堂建筑的式样包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="哥特式建筑">哥特式</a>、 <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興式建築">文艺复兴式</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="巴洛克建筑">巴洛克式</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="新古典主义建筑">新古典主义</a>风格,每一种风格的实例都能在维尔纽斯旧城中找到。维尔纽斯的教会建筑被认为是波兰巴洛克运动的主要中心之一。此外,自从1596年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布列斯特教会合并会议(页面不存在)">布列斯特教会合并会议</a>以后,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BB%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东仪天主教">东仪天主教</a>就在维尔纽斯存在,著名的巴西勒门就是一座东方礼仪修道院的一部分<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自从13世纪,维尔纽斯也拥有一个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a>团体。著名的俄罗斯东正教会的圣灵修道院,坐落在旧城靠近黎明门的地方<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是1705年<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="普希金">普希金</a>的曾祖父汉尼拔受洗的地方。 </p><p>许多旧礼仪派信徒,在1667年脱离<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="俄罗斯东正教会">俄罗斯东正教会</a>,为逃避镇压而迁居立陶宛。今天一个旧礼仪派的大会<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>就设在维尔纽斯。 </p><p>在维尔纽斯还有许多新教和其他基督徒团体<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,主要是<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="路德会">路德会</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="浸信会">浸信会</a>。 </p><p>维尔纽斯曾经有一个广为人知的绰号:“立陶宛的耶路撒冷”(Yerushalayim De Lita),拥有数目庞大的犹太人口,而且是全世界学习<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%94%E7%BB%8F" title="摩西五经">摩西五经</a>的中心。维尔纽斯的一部分也因此被称为Jeruzalė。19世纪末,维尔纽斯犹太会堂的数目达到105座。<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89" title="卡巴拉">卡巴拉</a>的主要学者集中在维尔纽斯,就是著名的伊利亚·本·所罗门·扎尔曼拉比,又称为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E9%98%81%E4%B8%8B" title="维尔纳阁下">维尔纳阁下</a>。其校友在以色列和全世界的正统派犹太人中拥有重大的影响。维尔纽斯的犹太生活在第二次世界大战犹太大屠杀期间被摧毁。在昔日<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E9%9A%94%E9%83%BD" title="维尔纽斯隔都">维尔纽斯隔都</a>的中心 - 今Mėsinių街,现在建有一座纪念<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹">纳粹</a>大屠杀牺牲者的纪念碑。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BE" title="犹太教卡拉派">犹太教卡拉派</a>,又名<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" title="卡拉伊姆人">卡拉伊姆人</a>,是从克里米亚半岛移居到立陶宛的一支犹太人,在13世纪组建了一支军事精锐部队。虽然其人数非常少,立陶宛独立以后,迦来特派在维尔纽斯经历了一次复兴<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,已经恢复了他们的犹太会堂<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>在14世纪从<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="克里米亚">克里米亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1" title="喀山">喀山</a>,通过<a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="鞑靼人">鞑靼人</a>传入立陶宛。一些立陶宛的鞑靼人仍然维持他们的民族身份和宗教。目前立陶宛大约有3,000名鞑靼穆斯林。立陶宛鞑靼人的Lukiškės清真寺曾是19世纪维尔纽斯郊区的突出景观,但已经在苏联时期被毁。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="交通"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>交通</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:交通"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilnius_Airport_main_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vilnius_Airport_main_entrance.jpg/220px-Vilnius_Airport_main_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vilnius_Airport_main_entrance.jpg/330px-Vilnius_Airport_main_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Vilnius_Airport_main_entrance.jpg/440px-Vilnius_Airport_main_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>维尔纽斯机场的主入口</figcaption></figure> <p>尽管在过去<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3" title="内里斯河">内里斯河</a>可以通航,但其通航能力不是太好,现在没有定期航线<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该河流源自白俄罗斯,连接维尔纽斯和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E9%9F%8B" title="克爾納韋">克尔纳韦</a>,在<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="考纳斯">考纳斯</a>注入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%BC%E6%B2%B3_(%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7)" title="尼曼河 (东欧)">尼曼河</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="维尔纽斯机场">维尔纽斯机场</a>运营着大部分立陶宛通往欧洲城市的国际航线。航点包括25个国家的50多个城市。机场离市中心仅有5公里,坐火车能直达<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="維爾紐斯車站">维尔纽斯火车站</a>。 </p><p>维尔纽斯火车站是一个重要枢纽,旅客列车能直达<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="明斯克">明斯克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="加里寧格勒">加里寧格勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1" title="圣彼得堡">圣彼得堡</a>。该火车站也是泛欧铁路走廊9号线的一个中转站。 </p><p>维尔纽斯是<a href="/wiki/A1%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF_(%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B)" title="A1公路 (立陶宛)">A1公路</a>的起点,该公路穿越立陶宛,连接着三个主要城市(维尔纽斯、考纳斯和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E4%BD%A9%E8%BE%BE" title="克莱佩达">克莱佩达</a>),也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2E85%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="欧洲E85公路">欧洲E85公路</a>的一部分。连接<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%85%A7%E9%9F%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%96%AF" title="帕內韋日斯">帕内韦日斯</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="A2公路 (立陶宛)" data-lang-code="lt" data-lang-name="立陶宛语" data-foreign-title="Magistralinis kelias A2 (Lietuva)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A2%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF_(%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A2公路 (立陶宛)(页面不存在)">A2公路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">立陶宛语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magistralinis_kelias_A2_(Lietuva)" class="extiw" title="lt:Magistralinis kelias A2 (Lietuva)"><span lang="lt" dir="auto">Magistralinis kelias A2 (Lietuva)</span></a></span>)</span></span>为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲E272公路" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European route E272"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2E272%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲E272公路(页面不存在)">欧洲E272公路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_route_E272" class="extiw" title="en:European route E272"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European route E272</span></a></span>)</span></span>的一部分。其它始发于维尔纽斯的公路有A3、A4、A14、A15、A16。A19公路则穿过维尔纽斯的南部。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="共享汽车和电动车"><span id=".E5.85.B1.E4.BA.AB.E6.B1.BD.E8.BD.A6.E5.92.8C.E7.94.B5.E5.8A.A8.E8.BD.A6"></span>共享汽车和电动车</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:共享汽车和电动车"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SPARK_car_and_charging_station_in_Vilnius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SPARK_car_and_charging_station_in_Vilnius.jpg/220px-SPARK_car_and_charging_station_in_Vilnius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SPARK_car_and_charging_station_in_Vilnius.jpg/330px-SPARK_car_and_charging_station_in_Vilnius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SPARK_car_and_charging_station_in_Vilnius.jpg/440px-SPARK_car_and_charging_station_in_Vilnius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>共享汽车公司SPARK的汽车及充电桩</figcaption></figure> <p>设于维尔纽斯的国际公司<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CityBee" data-lang-code="lt" data-lang-name="立陶宛语" data-foreign-title="CityBee"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CityBee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CityBee(页面不存在)">CityBee</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">立陶宛语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/CityBee" class="extiw" title="lt:CityBee"><span lang="lt" dir="auto">CityBee</span></a></span>)</span></span>是维尔纽斯最大的共享汽车服务提供商,该公司提供短期或长期的汽车、自行车和电动滑板的租赁。租赁是通过一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="流動應用程式">手机App</a>来激活<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该公司的最大竞争对手为另一个设于维尔纽斯的公司SPARK,其运营原理相同但仅提供<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="电动汽车">电动汽车</a>,并在维尔纽斯全市范围内设有专属<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%85%E7%94%B5%E6%A1%A9" title="充电桩">充电桩</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>维尔纽斯是立陶宛电动汽车比重最大的城市<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。市内有数十个充电站<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。维尔纽斯市政府和立陶宛政府鼓励使用电动汽车,并提供多项优惠政策(例如六个充电站提供免费充电;在公用车位免费泊车<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;允许在A车道上行驶,以便在高峰期间得益<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;电动和混动汽车的车牌为E字头<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公交系统"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E4.BA.A4.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F"></span>公交系统</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:公交系统"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solaris_Trollino_15AC_in_Vilnius_15.08.2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Solaris_Trollino_15AC_in_Vilnius_15.08.2006.jpg/220px-Solaris_Trollino_15AC_in_Vilnius_15.08.2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Solaris_Trollino_15AC_in_Vilnius_15.08.2006.jpg/330px-Solaris_Trollino_15AC_in_Vilnius_15.08.2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Solaris_Trollino_15AC_in_Vilnius_15.08.2006.jpg/440px-Solaris_Trollino_15AC_in_Vilnius_15.08.2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2871" data-file-height="1911" /></a><figcaption>维尔纽斯的无轨电车</figcaption></figure> <p>维尔纽斯有一套公共汽车和无轨电车系统,共有60条公共汽车线路、18条无轨电车线路、6条快速线路和6条夜间线路<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其无轨电车网络是欧洲最为广泛的无轨电车网络之一。在工作日里有超过250辆公共汽车和260辆无轨电车在运行,载客量达50万人次<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。第一条定期公交线路始于1926年,第一辆无轨电车则在1956年开始运行<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2007年底开始实行新的电子月票系统。乘客可以在商店及报亭购买有适当面值的电子卡。电子月卡可以购买一次,并可以通过诸如网上等各种方法来充值。早先的纸质月票可以一直用到2008年8月。<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>自2012年8月15日起又推出了一套新的车票系统。电子卡被维尔纽斯市民卡(<span lang="lt">Vilniečio Kortelė</span>)取代。在报亭里可以购买新卡或更换旧卡,并充值一定数量的面值或者某种特定类型的车票。单程车票被有效期为30或60分钟的车票取代。 </p><p>公交系统中的车辆主要为低底盘的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%B1%AA%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" title="富豪巴士">沃尔沃</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%B3%BD%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%8D%E8%B3%93%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="梅賽德斯-賓士">梅赛德斯-奔驰</a>巴士,以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%8B%89%E7%91%9E%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%A2%E8%BD%A6" title="索拉瑞斯客车">索拉瑞斯客车</a>的无轨电车。之外还有一些由捷克制造的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%9F%AF%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="斯柯达公司">斯柯达车辆</a>还在运行中,多数内部已重新装修过。这些改进是在2003年开始的,当时购买了首批崭新的梅赛德斯-奔驰巴士。2004年则与沃尔沃巴士公司签订了在之后三年内购买90辆崭新的7700型号的巴士。<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2000年代时曾提议过新建有轨电车和地铁系统,但在初步计划后并未进一步实行<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2018年立陶宛议会在总统的同意下批准了新建地铁的计划<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2014年起推出了可以在智能手机上安装的公交车票移动应用。<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2017年维尔纽斯开始了历史上规模最大的公交系统更新计划:购买250辆新的低底盘的巴士。该计划将在2018年中期达到公交巴士中60%的车辆为崭新的车辆,并让乘客使用免费的Wi-Fi等新技术以及能在旅途中为自己的电子设备充电<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2017年9月5日交付了50辆<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E9%88%B4" title="五十鈴">五十鈴</a>巴士,铰链式的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="斯堪尼亚汽车">斯堪尼亚</a>巴士也承诺即将交付<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。维尔纽斯市也为41辆新的无轨电车进行了竞标,竞标获胜者<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%8B%89%E7%91%9E%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%A2%E8%BD%A6" title="索拉瑞斯客车">索拉瑞斯客车</a>保证在2018年秋季时交付全数的无轨电车,而这些无轨电车里也带有免费的Wi-Fi及充电设备<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。11月13日维尔纽斯市与索拉瑞斯签订了合同来购买另外150辆第四代的索拉瑞斯Urbino系列的巴士(100辆标准型和50辆铰链式),这些巴士内同样有免费Wi-Fi和USB充电口<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2019年9月20日向公众展示了5辆<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AF%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="纯电动汽车">纯电动</a>巴士,这些巴士将运行于穿越狭窄街道的89路公交路线<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自2017年起,限时30分钟的车票价格为0.65欧元,限时60分钟的车票价格为0.90欧元,而在车上购买的单程票价格为1.00欧元。除此之外还有其它短期和长期的车票类型。学生及老年人购票有优惠。<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>该市还有一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E8%BD%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="轻轨">轻轨</a>系统,将住宅区、市中心、汽车站、火车站和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="维尔纽斯国际机场">维尔纽斯国际机场</a>连接起来。这个系统开工于2008年,第一条线路在2009年开通,随后修建第二条线路。<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="友好城市"><span id=".E5.8F.8B.E5.A5.BD.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>友好城市</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:友好城市"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%A0nipi%C5%A1k%C4%97s_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%C5%A0nipi%C5%A1k%C4%97s_3.jpg/220px-%C5%A0nipi%C5%A1k%C4%97s_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%C5%A0nipi%C5%A1k%C4%97s_3.jpg/330px-%C5%A0nipi%C5%A1k%C4%97s_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%C5%A0nipi%C5%A1k%C4%97s_3.jpg/440px-%C5%A0nipi%C5%A1k%C4%97s_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>新城市中心</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uzupis_Constitution.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Uzupis_Constitution.JPG/170px-Uzupis_Constitution.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Uzupis_Constitution.JPG/255px-Uzupis_Constitution.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Uzupis_Constitution.JPG/340px-Uzupis_Constitution.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>刻有對岸共和國憲法條文的牌子</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width:12em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1" title="奥尔堡">奧爾堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%94%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="布達佩斯">布達佩斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="克拉科夫">克拉科夫</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99" title="华沙">华沙</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E4%BD%86%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="格但斯克">格但斯克</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="杜伊斯堡">杜伊斯堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="爱尔福特">爱尔福特</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%81%A9%E8%8B%8F" title="约恩苏">约恩苏</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">烏克蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">烏克蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%93%E5%85%A7%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="頓內次克">頓內次克</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%8F%90%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="布拉提斯拉瓦">布拉提斯拉瓦</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/22px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/33px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/44px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%8C%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="基希涅夫">基希涅夫</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="多倫多">多倫多</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a><a 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decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="斯德哥爾摩">斯德哥爾摩</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="尼古西亞">尼古西亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="明斯克">明斯克</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%AF%94%E5%AE%89%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="盧比安納">盧比安納</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯陸">奧斯陸</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%9E" title="威斯康辛州">威斯康辛州</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E8%BF%AA%E9%80%8A_(%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%B7%E6%98%9F%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="麦迪逊 (威斯康星州市)">麥迪遜</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="帕維亞">帕維亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%91%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒摩">巴勒摩</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%9B%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF" title="比雷埃夫斯">比雷埃夫斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="薩爾茨堡">薩爾茨堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82" title="臺北市">臺北</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5" title="芝加哥">芝加哥</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="聖彼得堡">聖彼得堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="伊尔库次克">伊爾庫次克</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D" title="阿斯塔納">阿斯塔納</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="布魯塞爾">布魯塞爾</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="愛丁堡">愛丁堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州市">廣州市</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡">伊斯坦堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="提比里斯">提比里斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A3" title="地拉那">地拉那</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="史特拉斯堡">史特拉斯堡</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%82%E5%BE%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维尔纽斯市徽(页面不存在)">维尔纽斯市徽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E8%88%8A%E5%9F%8E" title="維爾紐斯舊城">維爾紐斯舊城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="維爾紐斯城堡">維爾紐斯城堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="維爾紐斯主教座堂">维尔纽斯主教座堂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维尔纽斯座堂广场(页面不存在)">维尔纽斯座堂广场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%B2%B8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="對岸共和國">對岸共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF" title="贝尔蒙塔斯">贝尔蒙塔斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="天主教維爾紐斯總教區">天主教维尔纽斯总教区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="维尔纽斯大学">维尔纽斯大学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E9%9A%94%E9%83%BD" title="维尔纽斯隔都">维尔纽斯隔都</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维尔纽斯起义(页面不存在)">维尔纽斯起义</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="備註"><span id=".E5.82.99.E8.A8.BB"></span>備註</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:備註"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">另外有歷史學家曾假說,認為猶太人是於10世紀後期<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="基輔羅斯">基輔羅斯</a>國家信奉<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>時,再遷移到立陶宛。參見Masha Greenbaum,The Jews of Lithuania:A History of a Remarkable Community1316一1945,Jerusalem:Gefen Books,1995,2-3。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">直到二戰<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="希特拉">希特拉</a>實施<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%BB%88%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="最终解决方案">最终解决方案</a>前,猶太人稱呼此地為「北方的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">立陶宛265,000名犹太人中有大约95%都被屠杀,许多人被杀的地点就在旧城中心以西10公里处的Paneriai。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">此變化是象徵著猶太傳統逐漸轉移到以色列。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">目前由<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a>实际控制</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-regis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-regis_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regis_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401011721/https://www.registrucentras.lt/p/853">Statistinės suvestinės | VĮ Registrų centras</a>. www.registrucentras.lt. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-26</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.registrucentras.lt/p/853">原始内容</a>存档于2021-04-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Statistin%C4%97s+suvestin%C4%97s+%7C+V%C4%AE+Registr%C5%B3+centras&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.registrucentras.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.registrucentras.lt%2Fp%2F853&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/541">Vilnius Historic Centre</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051027114553/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/541">存档</a>于2005-10-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Vilnius+Historic+Centre&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F541&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Czesław Miłosz:<i>The Captive Mind</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-letters-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-letters_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letters_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427172302/http://www.lituanus.org/1969/69_4_02.htm">Letters of Gediminas</a>. Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences. Winter 1969 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2011]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lituanus.org/1969/69_4_02.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2019-04-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Gediminas&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lithuanian+Quarterly+Journal+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lituanus.org%2F1969%2F69_4_02.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase1946">Chase 1946</a>,第24頁<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFChase1946 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:三国-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:三国_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">凯文, 奥康纳. 波罗的海三国史. 北京: 中国大百科全书. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5000-8241-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5000-8241-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5000-8241-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=%E5%A5%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%BA%B3&rft.aulast=%E5%87%AF%E6%96%87&rft.btitle=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5000-8241-5&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rowell, C. S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuaniaascendi0000rowe">Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295–1345</a>. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge University Press. 1994: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuaniaascendi0000rowe/page/97">97</a>, 100. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-45011-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-45011-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-45011-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rft.aulast=Rowell&rft.btitle=Lithuania+Ascending%3A+A+Pagan+Empire+Within+East-Central+Europe%2C+1295%E2%80%931345&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-45011-9&rft.pages=97%2C+100&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.series=Cambridge+Studies+in+Medieval+Life+and+Thought%3A+Fourth+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flithuaniaascendi0000rowe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baran-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baran_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomas_Baranauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomas Baranauskas(页面不存在)">Baranauskas, Tomas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veidas.lt/melynuju-vandenu-musis-atminties-sugrizimas-po-650-metu">Mėlynųjų Vandenų mūšis: atminties sugrįžimas po 650 metų</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidas(页面不存在)">Veidas</a>. 2012-06-23, (25): 30–32 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-25</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1392-5156"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1392-5156</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180624/http://www.veidas.lt/melynuju-vandenu-musis-atminties-sugrizimas-po-650-metu">存档</a>于2021-04-17) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=M%C4%97lyn%C5%B3j%C5%B3+Vanden%C5%B3+m%C5%AB%C5%A1is%3A+atminties+sugr%C4%AF%C5%BEimas+po+650+met%C5%B3&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rft.aulast=Baranauskas&rft.date=2012-06-23&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1392-5156&rft.issue=25&rft.jtitle=Veidas&rft.pages=30-32&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veidas.lt%2Fmelynuju-vandenu-musis-atminties-sugrizimas-po-650-metu&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:斯奈德-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:斯奈德_11-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:斯奈德_11-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:斯奈德_11-2"><sup><b>9.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:斯奈德_11-3"><sup><b>9.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">斯奈德, 蒂莫西(美). 民族的重建:波蘭、烏克蘭、立陶宛、白俄羅斯,1569—1999. 南京: 南京大學出版社. 2020. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787305221644" title="Special:网络书源/9787305221644"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787305221644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=%E8%92%82%E8%8E%AB%E8%A5%BF%28%E7%BE%8E%29&rft.aulast=%E6%96%AF%E5%A5%88%E5%BE%B7&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%EF%BC%9A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E3%80%81%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E3%80%81%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E3%80%81%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%8C1569%E2%80%941999&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787305221644&rft.place=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belarus.by/fr/belarus/people/skaryna/">Belarus.by - Francisk Skaryna</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20071117022258/http://www.belarus.by/fr/belarus/people/skaryna/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vdu.lt/staff/HMF/Aleksandravicius_an.htm">Egidijus Aleksandravičius</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516060737/http://www.vdu.lt/staff/HMF/Aleksandravicius_an.htm">存檔</a>,存档日期2012-05-16., Antanas Kulakauskas; <i>Carų valdžioje: Lietuva XIX amžiuje</i> ("19世纪沙皇统治下的立陶宛"); Baltos lankos, Vilnius 1996. Polish translation: <i>Pod władzą carów: Litwa w XIX wieku</i>, Universitas, Kraków 2003, page 90, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/8370525431" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 83-7052-543-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401011734/https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaizdas:Border-Lithuania-Poland-1919-1939.svg">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-07-20</span>]</span>. (<a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaizdas:Border-Lithuania-Poland-1919-1939.svg">原始内容</a>存档于2021-04-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVaizdas%3ABorder-Lithuania-Poland-1919-1939.svg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Yung-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Yung_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abraham Novershtern,“Yung Vilne,”in Yisrael Gutman,Ezra Mendelsohn, Jehuda Reinharz, and Chone Shmeruk, eds., The Jews of Poland Between the Two World Wars, Hanover, Mass.:Brandeis University Press, 1989,386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Eberhardt-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Eberhardt_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eberhardt,Przemiany narodowościowe na Litwie, 176-179; Nicolas Werth, “Apogée et crise du goulag,” in Stéphane Courtois, ed., Le livre noir du communisme, Paris: Robert Lafont, 1997, 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Zigmas-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Zigmas_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zigmas Zinkevičius, The History of the Lithuanian Language, Vilnius:Mokslo ir enciklope diju leidykla, 1996, 322—324; Misiunas and Taagepera, The Baltic States, 159-165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltikett.ee/ajalugu/index-i.html">1989年波罗的海人链</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818045249/http://www.baltikett.ee/ajalugu/index-i.html">存檔</a>,存档日期2007-08-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webjournal.unior.it/Dati/17/41/Articolo%20Lituania.pdf">O. Niglio, <i>Restauri in Lituania。Vilnius Capitale della Cultura Europea 2009</i>,</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131209232257/http://www.webjournal.unior.it/Dati/17/41/Articolo%20Lituania.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) in "Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony", 1, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191223070503/https://worldweather.wmo.int/105/c00204.htm">World Weather Information Service – Vilnius</a>. World Meteorological Organization. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2013]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/105/c00204.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2019-12-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Vilnius&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F105%2Fc00204.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/LU/26730.TXT">Vilnius Climate Normals 1961–1990</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Vilnius+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FRA-VI%2FLU%2F26730.TXT&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620014134/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1991-2020-1-p130.php">Météo Climat 1991–2020 averages for Lithuania</a>. Météo Climat. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1991-2020-1-p130.php#">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o+Climat+1991%E2%80%932020+averages+for+Lithuania&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o+Climat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org%2Flistenormale-1991-2020-1-p130.php%23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">d.o.o, Yu Media Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620014131/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/lithuania/vilnius-climate">Vilnius, Lithuania - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast</a>. Weather Atlas. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-04-06</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/lithuania/vilnius-climate">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Vilnius%2C+Lithuania+-+Detailed+climate+information+and+monthly+weather+forecast&rft.aufirst=Yu+Media+Group&rft.aulast=d.o.o&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weather+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Flithuania%2Fvilnius-climate&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=91">Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. – Вильна [First general census of the Russian Empire in 1897 – Vilna]</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-01-31</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200851/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=91">存档</a>于2016-03-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到俄语网页">(俄语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+1897+%D0%B3.+%E2%80%93+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus_lan_97_uezd.php%3Freg%3D91&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snyder_92-93-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder_92-93_27-0"><sup><b>23.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder_92-93_27-1"><sup><b>23.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder_92-93_27-2"><sup><b>23.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Timothy Snyder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reconstructionna00snyd">The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999</a>. Yale University Press. 2003: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reconstructionna00snyd/page/92">92</a>–93. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-300-10586-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-300-10586-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-300-10586-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.au=Timothy+Snyder&rft.btitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Nations%3A+Poland%2C+Ukraine%2C+Lithuania%2C+Belarus%2C+1569%E2%80%931999&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10586-5&rft.pages=92-93&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freconstructionna00snyd&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417122827/http://www.stat.gov.lt/vilniussampling/vskaiciais/05_gyventojai.pdf">Gyventojai [Population]</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Statistics Department of Lithuania. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.lt/vilniussampling/vskaiciais/05_gyventojai.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于17 April 2012).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Gyventojai+%5BPopulation%5D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Statistics+Department+of+Lithuania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gov.lt%2Fvilniussampling%2Fvskaiciais%2F05_gyventojai.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704084730/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/services-portlet/pub-edition-file?id=15930">Lietuvos gyventojai 2011 metais (2011 m. gyventojų surašymo rezultatai / Lithuanian 2011 Population Census in Brief) [Population of Lithuania in 2011 (Population Census 2011 results)]</a>. Statistics Department of Lithuania. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-03-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-9955-797-17-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-9955-797-17-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-9955-797-17-3</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osp.stat.gov.lt/services-portlet/pub-edition-file?id=15930">原始内容</a>存档于2021-07-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Lietuvos+gyventojai+2011+metais+%282011+m.+gyventoj%C5%B3+sura%C5%A1ymo+rezultatai+%2F+Lithuanian+2011+Population+Census+in+Brief%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.isbn=978-9955-797-17-3&rft.pub=Statistics+Department+of+Lithuania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2Fservices-portlet%2Fpub-edition-file%3Fid%3D15930&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074450/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php">The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897. Breakdown of population by mother tongue and districts* in 50 Governorates of the European Russia</a>. Demoscope Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1726-2887"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1726-2887</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php">原始内容</a>存档于6 October 2014).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=The+First+General+Census+of+the+Russian+Empire+of+1897.+Breakdown+of+population+by+mother+tongue+and+districts%2A+in+50+Governorates+of+the+European+Russia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.issn=1726-2887&rft.pub=Demoscope+Weekly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Gyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf/1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f">Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimtąją kalbą ir tikybą: Lietuvos Respublikos 2011 metų visuotinio gyventojų ir būstų surašymo rezultatai.</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Lietuvos statistikos departamentas. 15 March 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2016]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014092523/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Gyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf/1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017-10-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Gyventojai+pagal+tautyb%C4%99%2C+gimt%C4%85j%C4%85+kalb%C4%85+ir+tikyb%C4%85%3A+Lietuvos+Respublikos+2011+met%C5%B3+visuotinio+gyventoj%C5%B3+ir+b%C5%ABst%C5%B3+sura%C5%A1ymo+rezultatai.&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lietuvos+statistikos+departamentas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosp.stat.gov.lt%2Fdocuments%2F10180%2F217110%2FGyv_kalba_tikyba.pdf%2F1d9dac9a-3d45-4798-93f5-941fed00503f&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080703204949/http://www.vilnius.lt/new/en/investicijos.php">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-12-29</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vilnius.lt/new/en/investicijos.php">原始内容</a>存档于2008-07-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vilnius.lt%2Fnew%2Fen%2Finvesticijos.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.piperry.net/travel/eastbloc/soviet/lithuania/vilnius_basiliangates.jpg">Basilian Gate</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709201025/http://www.piperry.net/travel/eastbloc/soviet/lithuania/vilnius_basiliangates.jpg">存檔</a>,存档日期2007-07-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123072041/http://www.travelvilnius.com/index.php?id=Houses_of_Worship&lang=EN">维尔纽斯东正教堂</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-07-20</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelvilnius.com/index.php?id=Houses_of_Worship&lang=EN">原始内容</a>存档于2020-11-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelvilnius.com%2Findex.php%3Fid%3DHouses_of_Worship%26lang%3DEN&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210053448/http://ldmuziejus.mch.mii.lt/naujausiosparodos/Old_Believers.en.htm">旧礼仪派大会</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-07-20</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ldmuziejus.mch.mii.lt/naujausiosparodos/Old_Believers.en.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2012-02-10).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A7%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E6%B4%BE%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fldmuziejus.mch.mii.lt%2Fnaujausiosparodos%2FOld_Believers.en.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070713185550/http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_186.html">维尔纽斯的新教和其他基督徒团体</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-07-20</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_186.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-07-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Fadhloc%2FWh_186.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmuseum.lt/index.asp?DL=E&TopicID=67">维尔纽斯犹太教大会堂</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060330015734/http://www.jmuseum.lt/index.asp?DL=E&TopicID=67">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) The Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronet.nl/users/sota/karaim22.htm">维尔纽斯复兴</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403142131/http://www.euronet.nl/users/sota/karaim22.htm">存檔</a>,存档日期2009-04-03.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123072041/http://www.travelvilnius.com/index.php?id=Houses_of_Worship&lang=EN">维尔纽斯犹太会堂</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-07-20</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelvilnius.com/index.php?id=Houses_of_Worship&lang=EN">原始内容</a>存档于2020-11-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelvilnius.com%2Findex.php%3Fid%3DHouses_of_Worship%26lang%3DEN&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vanagas, Jurgis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620022139/https://sace.ktu.lt/index.php/DAS/article/download/13593/7337">Navigation on the Neris River and its importance for Vilnius</a>. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering: 62–69. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-19</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/verslas/transportas/vilnius-perka-90-nauju-volvo-autobusu.d?id=4472012">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Vilnius+perka+90+nauj%C5%B3+%22Volvo%22+autobus%C5%B3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fverslas%2Ftransportas%2Fvilnius-perka-90-nauju-volvo-autobusu.d%3Fid%3D4472012&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dumalakas, Arūnas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001074008/http://www.lrytas.lt/verslas/rinkos-pulsas/vilnius-palaidojo-tramvajaus-ir-metro-idejas.htm">Vilnius palaidojo tramvajaus ir metro idėjas</a>. lrytas.lt. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrytas.lt/verslas/rinkos-pulsas/vilnius-palaidojo-tramvajaus-ir-metro-idejas.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2015-10-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Vilnius+palaidojo+tramvajaus+ir+metro+id%C4%97jas&rft.aufirst=Ar%C5%ABnas&rft.aulast=Dumalakas&rft.date=2014-06-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrytas.lt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrytas.lt%2Fverslas%2Frinkos-pulsas%2Fvilnius-palaidojo-tramvajaus-ir-metro-idejas.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620014520/http://www.vilniausmetro.lt/Metro_sajudzio_ziniai%E2%80%93trys_geros_naujienos"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Metro sąjūdžio" žiniai – trys geros naujienos | Vilniaus Metro</a>. vilniausmetro.lt. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-29</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vilniausmetro.lt/Metro_sajudzio_ziniai%E2%80%93trys_geros_naujienos">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=%22Metro+s%C4%85j%C5%ABd%C5%BEio%22+%C5%BEiniai+%E2%80%93+trys+geros+naujienos+%7C+Vilniaus+Metro&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vilniausmetro.lt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vilniausmetro.lt%2FMetro_sajudzio_ziniai%25E2%2580%2593trys_geros_naujienos&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Černiauskas, Šarūnas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620022320/https://www.delfi.lt/mokslas/technologijos/vilniecio-kortele-keliasi-i-ismaniuosius-telefonus-kaip-tai-atrodys.d?id=63864778">Vilniečio kortelė keliasi į išmaniuosius telefonus. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/mokslas/technologijos/vilniecio-kortele-keliasi-i-ismaniuosius-telefonus-kaip-tai-atrodys.d?id=63864778">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Vilnie%C4%8Dio+kortel%C4%97+keliasi+%C4%AF+i%C5%A1maniuosius+telefonus.+Kaip+tai+atrodys%3F&rft.aufirst=%C5%A0ar%C5%ABnas&rft.aulast=%C4%8Cerniauskas&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fmokslas%2Ftechnologijos%2Fvilniecio-kortele-keliasi-i-ismaniuosius-telefonus-kaip-tai-atrodys.d%3Fid%3D63864778&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Grigaliūnaitė, Violeta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620022320/https://www.15min.lt/verslas/naujiena/transportas/vilniaus-savivaldybe-pakviete-ispakuoti-nauja-pergale-pristate-250-nauju-autobusu-667-849004">Vilniaus savivaldybė pakvietė "išpakuoti naują pergalę": pristatė 250 naujų autobusų</a>. 15min.lt. 2017-09-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/verslas/naujiena/transportas/vilniaus-savivaldybe-pakviete-ispakuoti-nauja-pergale-pristate-250-nauju-autobusu-667-849004">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Vilniaus+savivaldyb%C4%97+pakviet%C4%97+%22i%C5%A1pakuoti+nauj%C4%85+pergal%C4%99%22%3A+pristat%C4%97+250+nauj%C5%B3+autobus%C5%B3&rft.aufirst=Violeta&rft.aulast=Grigali%C5%ABnait%C4%97&rft.date=2017-09-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=15min.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fverslas%2Fnaujiena%2Ftransportas%2Fvilniaus-savivaldybe-pakviete-ispakuoti-nauja-pergale-pristate-250-nauju-autobusu-667-849004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620014550/https://www.delfi.lt/verslas/transportas/i-sostines-gatves-isrieda-50-nauju-autobusu.d?id=75669679">Į sostinės gatves išrieda 50 naujų autobusų</a>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/verslas/transportas/i-sostines-gatves-isrieda-50-nauju-autobusu.d?id=75669679">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=%C4%AE+sostin%C4%97s+gatves+i%C5%A1rieda+50+nauj%C5%B3+autobus%C5%B3&rft.date=2017-09-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fverslas%2Ftransportas%2Fi-sostines-gatves-isrieda-50-nauju-autobusu.d%3Fid%3D75669679&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jačauskas, Ignas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620014543/https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/vilniaus-savivaldybe-perka-per-40-nauju-solaris-troleibusu-56-854400">Vilniaus savivaldybė perka per 40 naujų "Solaris" troleibusų</a>. 15min.lt. 2017-09-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-09-17</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/vilniaus-savivaldybe-perka-per-40-nauju-solaris-troleibusu-56-854400">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Vilniaus+savivaldyb%C4%97+perka+per+40+nauj%C5%B3+%22Solaris%22+troleibus%C5%B3&rft.aufirst=Ignas&rft.aulast=Ja%C4%8Dauskas&rft.date=2017-09-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=15min.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fnaujiena%2Faktualu%2Flietuva%2Fvilniaus-savivaldybe-perka-per-40-nauju-solaris-troleibusu-56-854400&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820005652/https://auto.lrytas.lt/naujienos/2017/11/13/news/vilnius-perka-150-autobusu-toks-uzsakymas-lenkams-unikalus-3502487/">Vilnius perka 150 autobusų: toks užsakymas lenkams – unikalus</a>. lrytas.lt. 2017-11-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2017]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auto.lrytas.lt/naujienos/2017/11/13/news/vilnius-perka-150-autobusu-toks-uzsakymas-lenkams-unikalus-3502487/">原始内容</a>存档于2018-08-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Vilnius+perka+150+autobus%C5%B3%3A+toks+u%C5%BEsakymas+lenkams+%E2%80%93+unikalus&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrytas.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fauto.lrytas.lt%2Fnaujienos%2F2017%2F11%2F13%2Fnews%2Fvilnius-perka-150-autobusu-toks-uzsakymas-lenkams-unikalus-3502487%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220620031826/https://www.delfi.lt/auto/patarimai/ekologiska-viesojo-transporto-revoliucija-vilniuje-pristatyti-pirmieji-lietuvoje-elektriniai-autobusai.d?id=82307691">Ekologiška viešojo transporto revoliucija – Vilniuje pristatyti pirmieji Lietuvoje elektriniai autobusai</a>. DELFI. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-20</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/auto/patarimai/ekologiska-viesojo-transporto-revoliucija-vilniuje-pristatyti-pirmieji-lietuvoje-elektriniai-autobusai.d?id=82307691">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到立陶宛语网页">(立陶宛语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Ekologi%C5%A1ka+vie%C5%A1ojo+transporto+revoliucija+%E2%80%93+Vilniuje+pristatyti+pirmieji+Lietuvoje+elektriniai+autobusai&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DELFI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fauto%2Fpatarimai%2Fekologiska-viesojo-transporto-revoliucija-vilniuje-pristatyti-pirmieji-lietuvoje-elektriniai-autobusai.d%3Fid%3D82307691&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628225539/http://www.vilniustransport.lt/en/pages/prices">ME "Susisiekimo paslaugos" / Public transport : Ticket Prices</a>. vilniustransport.lt. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-10</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vilniustransport.lt/en/">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vilniustransport.lt%2Fen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vilnius" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vilnius"><span style="font-weight:bold;">维尔纽斯</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vilnius.lt/">维尔纽斯市官方网站</a></span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="立陶宛語">(立陶宛文)</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="俄語">(俄文)</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="波蘭語">(波兰文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=54682763&x=25266838&z=12&l=0&m=a">WikiSatellite WikiMapia</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070623042356/http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=54682763&x=25266838&z=12&l=0&m=a">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tripfoto.com/vilnius/vilnius-pictures.html">TripVilnius - 196张图片</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201211231624/http://www.tripfoto.com/vilnius/vilnius-pictures.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vilnius-photo.net">维尔纽斯照片</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210401012008/http://www.vilnius-photo.net/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特">布加勒斯特</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利"><img alt="匈牙利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF" title="布达佩斯">布达佩斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦"><img alt="丹麦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9" title="哥本哈根">哥本哈根</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰"><img alt="爱尔兰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰"><img alt="芬兰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA" title="赫尔辛基">赫尔辛基</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙"><img alt="葡萄牙" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚"><img alt="斯洛文尼亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E9%9B%85%E9%82%A3" title="卢布尔雅那">盧比安納</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡"><img alt="卢森堡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙"><img alt="西班牙" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯"><img alt="賽普勒斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="尼科西亚">尼科西亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克"><img alt="捷克" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞"><img alt="拉脫維亞" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0" title="里加">里加</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="義大利"><img alt="義大利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚"><img alt="克罗地亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B8%83" title="萨格勒布">札格瑞布</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚"><img alt="保加利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="索菲亞">索菲亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典"><img alt="瑞典" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚"><img alt="爱沙尼亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他"><img alt="马耳他" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E5%A1%94" title="瓦莱塔">瓦莱塔</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利"><img alt="奥地利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛"><img alt="立陶宛" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">维尔纽斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰"><img alt="波兰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99" title="华沙">华沙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲首都" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Template:欧洲首都"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Template talk:欧洲首都"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:欧洲首都"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲首都" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>粗斜體</b></i>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="有限承认国家">未被國際普遍承認國家</a>的首都和屬地的首府。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="布鲁塞尔">布鲁塞尔</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a></b>、<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%8E" title="安道尔城">安道尔城</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9" title="哥本哈根">哥本哈根</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B8%AF" title="托爾斯港">托尔斯港</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a>)</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA" title="赫尔辛基">赫尔辛基</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%85%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%8B" title="雷克雅維克">雷克雅未克</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆">奥斯陆</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF" title="布达佩斯">布达佩斯</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%83%BD%E8%8C%B2" title="瓦都茲">瓦杜茲</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99" title="华沙">华沙</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%91" title="布拉迪斯拉发">布</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC" title="伯尔尼">伯恩</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="明斯克">明斯克</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0" title="里加">里加</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a>)</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">维尔纽斯</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%8C%E8%AE%B7%E4%B9%8C" title="基希讷乌">基希讷乌</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94" title="蒂拉斯波尔">蒂拉斯波尔</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸">德涅斯特河沿岸</a>)</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="莫斯科">莫斯科</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A3" title="地拉那">地拉那</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾巴尼亞">阿爾巴尼亞</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E4%BD%9B" title="塞拉耶佛">塞拉耶佛</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波士尼亞和黑塞哥維那</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="索菲亞">索菲亞</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B8%83" title="萨格勒布">札格雷布</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典">雅典</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">義大利</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%80%E8%92%82%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="普里什蒂納">普里什蒂納</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a>)</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C" title="斯科普里">斯科普里</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E5%A1%94" title="瓦莱塔">瓦莱塔</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">马耳他</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%9F" title="波德戈里察">波德戈里察</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">黑山</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布加勒斯特">布加勒斯特</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE%E5%B8%82" title="聖馬力諾市">圣马力诺</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="聖馬力諾">聖馬力諾</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="贝尔格莱德">貝爾格勒</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E9%9B%85%E9%82%A3" title="卢布尔雅那">卢布尔雅那</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a>)</i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="尼科西亚">尼科西亞</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="北尼科西亚">北尼科西亚</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北賽普勒斯</a>)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%9A%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%B5%E8%90%A5" title="埃皮斯科皮兵营">埃皮斯科皮兵营</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">英屬基地區</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲首都列表(页面不存在)">歐洲首都列表</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲文化之都" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%BD" title="Template:歐洲文化之都"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%BD" title="Template talk:歐洲文化之都"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:歐洲文化之都"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲文化之都" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%BD" title="欧洲文化之都">欧洲文化之都</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1985年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8" title="雅典">雅典</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1986年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%A6%E8%90%A8" title="佛罗伦萨">佛罗伦萨</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1987年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1988年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="西柏林">西</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1989年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1990年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%93%A5" title="格拉斯哥">格拉斯哥</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1991年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="都柏林">都柏林</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1992年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="马德里">马德里</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1993年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%AB%E6%99%AE" title="安特卫普">安特卫普</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1994年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1995年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1996年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9" title="哥本哈根">哥本哈根</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1997年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%90%A8%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="塞萨洛尼基">塞萨洛尼基</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1998年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9" title="斯德哥尔摩">斯德哥尔摩</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">1999年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E7%8E%9B" title="魏玛">魏玛</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2000年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%85%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%8B" title="雷克雅維克">雷克雅未克</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E7%88%BE%E6%A0%B9" title="卑爾根">卑爾根</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%9B%E5%9F%BA" title="赫尔辛基">赫尔辛基</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="布鲁塞尔首都大区">布鲁塞尔</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="克拉科夫">克拉科夫</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E%E5%93%A5-%E5%BE%B7%E5%AD%94%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89" title="聖地亞哥-德孔波斯特拉">聖地亞哥-德孔波斯特拉</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E8%BE%B2" title="亞維農">亞維農</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="博洛尼亚">博洛尼亚</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2001年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%9C%96" title="波爾圖">波爾圖</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2002年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E6%97%A5" title="布魯日">布魯日</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC%E5%8D%A1" title="萨拉曼卡">萨拉曼卡</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2003年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8" title="格拉茨">格拉茨</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2004年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A" title="热那亚">热那亚</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94" title="里尔">里尔</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2005年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%85%8B_(%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0)" title="科克 (爱尔兰)">科克</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2006年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7" title="帕特雷">帕特雷</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2007年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B8%82" title="盧森堡市">盧森堡市</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E6%AF%94%E7%83%8F" title="錫比烏">錫比烏</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2008年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%A6" title="利物浦">利物浦</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E4%B8%87%E6%A0%BC" title="斯塔万格">斯塔万格</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2009年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%A8" title="林茨">林茨</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">维尔纽斯</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2010年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%A3%AE" title="埃森">埃森</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="伊斯坦堡">伊斯坦堡</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%A5%87" title="佩奇">佩奇</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2011年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%88%BE%E5%BA%AB" title="圖爾庫">圖爾庫</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2012年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94" title="马里博尔">马里博尔</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="基馬拉斯">吉馬朗伊什</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2013年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%8C%E7%AD%96" title="科希策">科希策</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B" title="马赛">马赛</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2014年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%BB%98%E5%A5%A7" title="于默奧">于默奧</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0" title="里加">里加</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2015年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF" title="蒙斯">蒙斯</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE" title="比尔森">比尔森</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2016年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A1%9E%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89" title="圣塞瓦斯蒂安">圣塞瓦斯蒂安</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB" title="弗罗茨瓦夫">弗罗茨瓦夫</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2017年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="奥胡斯">奥胡斯</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF" title="帕福斯">帕福斯</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2018年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E5%A1%94" title="瓦莱塔">瓦莱塔</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E4%BC%90%E7%99%BB" title="吕伐登">吕伐登</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2019年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%AB" title="普罗夫迪夫">普罗夫迪夫</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%B3%B0%E6%8B%89" title="马泰拉">马泰拉</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2020年至21年4月<sup>*</sup></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6%E5%8D%A1" title="里耶卡">里耶卡</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E9%9F%A6" title="戈尔韦">戈尔韦</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2022年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="考納斯">考那斯</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E5%9F%83%E6%96%BD" title="阿尔泽特河畔埃施">阿尔泽特河畔埃施</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="诺维萨德">诺维萨德</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2023年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E5%A7%86" title="維斯普雷姆">維斯普雷姆</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="蒂米什瓦拉">蒂米什瓦拉</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%A4%AB%E8%A5%BF%E7%BA%B3" title="埃莱夫西纳">埃莱夫西纳</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2024年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%9B%BE" title="塔尔图">塔尔图</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%BD%E5%B0%94" title="巴特伊施尔">巴特伊施尔</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="博德">博德</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2025年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%9F" title="新戈里察">新戈里察</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%9A" title="戈里齐亚">戈里齐亚</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%86%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8" title="开姆尼茨">开姆尼茨</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2026年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%A2" title="奥卢">奥卢</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%80%AB%E6%AC%BD" title="特倫欽">特倫欽</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">2027年</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E5%B8%95%E4%BA%9A" title="利耶帕亚">利耶帕亚</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%AD%A6%E6%8B%89" title="埃武拉">埃武拉</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Capital_of_Culture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/European_Capital_of_Culture.svg/80px-European_Capital_of_Culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/European_Capital_of_Culture.svg/120px-European_Capital_of_Culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/European_Capital_of_Culture.svg/160px-European_Capital_of_Culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="67" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div>* 由於<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>大流行,<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟委员会">歐盟委員會</a>於2021年決議延期舉辦文化之都。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="犹太人和犹太教" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Template:犹太人和犹太教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:猶太人和猶太教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:犹太人和犹太教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="犹太人和犹太教" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">民系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="塞法迪犹太人">塞法迪犹太人</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E8%AB%BE" title="瑪拉諾">瑪拉諾</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%8D%E8%8C%B2%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿什肯納茲猶太人">阿什肯納茲猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="米兹拉希犹太人">米兹拉希犹太人</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="巴格达犹太人">巴格达</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="布哈拉猶太人">布哈拉</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="高加索犹太人">高加索犹太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏爾猶太人">柏柏爾猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="馬格里布猶太人">馬格拉布猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿爾及利亞的猶太人">阿爾及利亞的猶太人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="撒馬利亞人">撒馬利亞人</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地族群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E9%96%80%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="葉門猶太人">葉門</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AB%BE%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="聖馬力諾猶太人">聖馬利諾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="羅馬尼奧猶太人">東地中海</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">中国大陆</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="开封犹太人">開封</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="天津犹太移民">天津</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="香港猶太人">香港</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%B1%E5%83%91%E6%B0%91#猶太僑民" title="哈爾濱僑民">哈爾濱</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="在臺猶太人">臺灣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="牙買加猶太人">牙買加</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="克里姆查克人">克里米亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%B9%8B%E5%AD%90" title="以色列之子">印度</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%9D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="柯枝猶太人">印度喀拉拉邦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%A4%E9%81%94%E4%BA%9E" title="阿巴尤達亞">烏干達</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="贝塔以色列">衣索比亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="日本猶太人">日本</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="緬甸的猶太人">緬甸</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太自治州">俄羅斯</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menorah_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/80px-Menorah_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/120px-Menorah_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Menorah_blue.svg/160px-Menorah_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="猶太語言">语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-摩洛哥語">猶太-摩洛哥語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA-%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太-阿拉伯語">猶太-阿拉伯語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="犹太西班牙语">拉迪諾語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="猶太葡萄牙語">猶太-葡萄牙語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA-%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="犹太-罗曼语支">犹太-罗曼语支</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="希伯來語復興">希伯來語復興</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">宗教运动</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a>(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈达尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hardal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE" title="哈達爾">哈达尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardal" class="extiw" title="en:Hardal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hardal</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈雷迪猶太教">哈雷迪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%A5%BF%E8%BF%AA%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="哈西迪猶太教">哈西迪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现代正统派犹太教(页面不存在)">现代正统派</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慕沙运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Musar Movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%95%E6%B2%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慕沙运动(页面不存在)">慕沙运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musar_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:Musar Movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Musar Movement</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教保守正统派(页面不存在)">保守正统派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教重建派">重建派</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="猶太教復興派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish_Renewal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猶太教復興派(页面不存在)">復興運動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish Renewal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish_Renewal</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="拉比猶太教">拉比派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BE" title="犹太教卡拉派">卡拉派</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" title="卡拉伊姆人">卡拉伊姆人</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99" title="撒马利亚教">撒马利亚派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教宗派分立" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish schisms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教宗派分立(页面不存在)">宗派分立</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_schisms" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish schisms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish schisms</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教人文派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic Judaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教人文派(页面不存在)">人文派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic Judaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic Judaism</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85" title="Category:猶太無神論者">无神论</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太教哲學">哲学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太基本信仰(页面不存在)">基本信仰</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E6%B0%91_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="选民 (宗教)">选民观念</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="犹太教末世论">末世论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太伦理(页面不存在)">伦理</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1" title="哈拉卡">哈拉卡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">大屠杀理论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89" title="卡巴拉">卡巴拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%95%99%E8%A6%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="符合教規的食物 (猶太教)">洁食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%9E" title="彌賽亞">彌賽亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97" title="Category:犹太教中神的名字">神的名字</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%83%E5%BE%8B" title="挪亞七律">挪亞七律</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太慈善观" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tzedakah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%85%88%E5%96%84%E8%A7%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太慈善观(页面不存在)">慈善观</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzedakah" class="extiw" title="en:Tzedakah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tzedakah</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太着装条例" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tzniut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%9D%80%E8%A3%85%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太着装条例(页面不存在)">着装条例</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzniut" class="extiw" title="en:Tzniut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tzniut</span></a></span>)</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太文學">文學</a>·宗教文献</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E8%B5%AB" title="塔納赫">塔納赫</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%A5%E6%8B%89" title="妥拉">妥拉</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%94%E7%BB%8F" title="摩西五经">摩西五经</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%A6" title="先知书">先知书</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智慧书(页面不存在)">智慧书</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">塔木德</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%9B%B8%E6%8B%BF" title="米書拿">米書拿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89" title="革馬拉">革馬拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="米德拉什">米德拉什</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%80%E7%91%9F%E4%BB%96" title="陀瑟他">陀瑟他</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉比文学(页面不存在)">拉比文学</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%BF%E6%89%98%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密西拿托拉(页面不存在)">密西拿托拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="四部法典" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arba'ah Turim"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四部法典(页面不存在)">四部法典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" class="extiw" title="en:Arba'ah Turim"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arba'ah Turim</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="塔木德">犹太法典</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清晰教導集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mishnah Berurah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%99%B0%E6%95%99%E5%B0%8E%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清晰教導集(页面不存在)">清晰教導集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" class="extiw" title="en:Mishnah Berurah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mishnah Berurah</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%AF%87" title="光明篇">光明篇</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8A%A0%E8%BE%BE" title="哈加达">哈加达</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太诗歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Piyyut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太诗歌(页面不存在)">诗歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyyut" class="extiw" title="en:Piyyut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Piyyut</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太教祈祷书" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Siddur"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷书(页面不存在)">祈祷书</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddur" class="extiw" title="en:Siddur"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Siddur</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="希伯來文學">希伯來文學</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">圣经人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95" title="亞伯拉罕">亞伯拉罕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92" title="以撒">以撒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84_(%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93)" title="雅各 (舊約聖經)">雅各</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%8B%89" title="撒拉">撒拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%99%BE%E5%8A%A0" title="利百加">利百加</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%93" title="拉结">拉结</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="利亞">利亞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89" title="底波拉">底波拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%97%E8%A8%98" title="路得記">路得</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B" title="大衛王">大衛王</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80" title="所羅門">所羅門</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="以利亞">以利亞</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96" title="Category:犹太教宗教领袖">犹太教领袖</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81" title="希勒尔长老">老希列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%9E%E8%B2%B7" title="煞買">煞買</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88-%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF" title="犹大·哈-纳西">犹大·哈-纳西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%9E%9C%E6%98%82" title="萨阿迪亚·果昂">萨蒂亚·高安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杰顺·本·犹大" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gershom_ben_Judah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B0%E9%A1%BA%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杰顺·本·犹大(页面不存在)">杰顺·本·犹大</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gershom_ben_Judah" class="extiw" title="en:Gershom ben Judah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gershom_ben_Judah</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以撒·奥法西" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac_Alfasi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以撒·奥法西(页面不存在)">以撒·奥法西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Alfasi" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Alfasi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac_Alfasi</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="拉什">拉什</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4" title="犹大·哈列维">犹大·哈列维</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E8%8C%B2%E6%8B%89" title="阿伯拉罕·伊本·埃茲拉">亚伯拉罕·伊本·以斯拉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩菲斯茨列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_Tosafists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E8%8C%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩菲斯茨列表(页面不存在)">中世纪犹太教士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tosafists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Tosafists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_Tosafists</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="邁蒙尼德">邁蒙尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B3%80%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="納賀蒙尼德">纳曼尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿舍·本·杰希勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asher_ben_Jehiel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%88%8D%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿舍·本·杰希勒(页面不存在)">阿舍·本·杰希勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_ben_Jehiel" class="extiw" title="en:Asher ben Jehiel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asher_ben_Jehiel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="吉尔松尼德">盖森尼德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约瑟夫·埃尔伯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Joseph_Albo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约瑟夫·埃尔伯(页面不存在)">约瑟夫·埃尔伯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Albo" class="extiw" title="en:Joseph Albo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Joseph_Albo</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="阿巴伯內爾">以撒·亚伯拉班内尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以撒•卢里亚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac_Luria"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E6%92%92%E2%80%A2%E5%8D%A2%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以撒•卢里亚(页面不存在)">以撒•卢里亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Luria" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Luria"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac_Luria</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="巴尔·谢姆·托夫">巴尔·闪·托夫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E9%98%81%E4%B8%8B" title="维尔纳阁下">维尔纳·高安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE" title="摩西·门德尔松">摩西·门德尔松</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="利奥波德·聪茨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leopold_Zunz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%81%AA%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利奥波德·聪茨(页面不存在)">利奥波德·聪茨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Zunz" class="extiw" title="en:Leopold Zunz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leopold_Zunz</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="桑松·拉斐尔·赫希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Samson_Raphael_Hirsch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%9D%BE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑松·拉斐尔·赫希(页面不存在)">桑松·拉斐尔·赫希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson_Raphael_Hirsch" class="extiw" title="en:Samson Raphael Hirsch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Samson_Raphael_Hirsch</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚伯拉罕·盖革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abraham_Geiger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕·盖革(页面不存在)">亚伯拉罕·盖革</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Geiger" class="extiw" title="en:Abraham Geiger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abraham_Geiger</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="所罗门·谢克特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solomon_Schechter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所罗门·谢克特(页面不存在)">所罗门·谢克特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Schechter" class="extiw" title="en:Solomon Schechter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solomon_Schechter</span></a></span>)</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太世俗文化(页面不存在)">世俗文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世俗猶太人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hiloni"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗猶太人(页面不存在)">世俗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiloni" class="extiw" title="en:Hiloni"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hiloni</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%81%E6%98%AF%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9F" title="谁是犹太人?">谁是犹太人?</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祈祷最低人数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Minyan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祈祷最低人数(页面不存在)">祈祷最低人数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyan" class="extiw" title="en:Minyan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Minyan</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA%E7%A6%AE" title="猶太教成人禮">成人礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%A7%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教丧礼(页面不存在)">丧礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B2%E7%A6%AE" title="割禮">割禮</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%8D%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人词源(页面不存在)">犹太人词源</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人婚姻(页面不存在)">婚姻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A9%9A%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太人婚礼(页面不存在)">婚礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E5%87%80%E8%A7%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁净观念(页面不存在)">犹太洁净观念</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%B5%8E%E9%93%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长子赎银(页面不存在)">长子赎银</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="猶太人飲食">犹太人饮食</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太媒妁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shidduch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%AA%92%E5%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太媒妁(页面不存在)">犹太媒妁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shidduch" class="extiw" title="en:Shidduch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shidduch</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太女婴命名仪式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zeved habat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A5%B3%E5%A9%B4%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太女婴命名仪式(页面不存在)">犹太女婴命名仪式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeved_habat" class="extiw" title="en:Zeved habat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zeved habat</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="皈依猶太教">皈依犹太教</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%A4%B4%E8%A1%94" title="Category:犹太教头衔">神职</a>·圣迹</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%8E" title="犹太教四大圣城">四大圣城</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="采法特">采法特</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6" title="希伯伦">希伯仑</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="提比里亞">提比里亞</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太宗教法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beth din"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太宗教法庭(页面不存在)">法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_din" class="extiw" title="en:Beth din"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beth din</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="会堂管理人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gabbai"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="会堂管理人(页面不存在)">会堂管理人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbai" class="extiw" title="en:Gabbai"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gabbai</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E9%A2%86%E5%94%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教领唱(页面不存在)">领唱</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%80%AB%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%AB" title="亞倫子孫">祭司</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="說教師" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maggid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%AA%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="說教師(页面不存在)">說教師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggid" class="extiw" title="en:Maggid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maggid</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁食监督人(页面不存在)">犹太洁食监督人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B4%81%E5%87%80%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太洁净礼(页面不存在)">犹太洁净礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆漢" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%BC%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆漢(页面不存在)">穆漢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohel" class="extiw" title="en:Mohel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="列比" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rebbe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%97%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="列比(页面不存在)">列比</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebbe" class="extiw" title="en:Rebbe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rebbe</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太神学院">神学院</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="猶太會堂">猶太會堂</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">圣殿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%95" title="会幕">会幕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%99" title="西墙">西墙</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="line-height:1.1em;">宗教用具<br />祈祷仪式</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="我們有責任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aleinu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%9C%89%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我們有責任(页面不存在)">我們有責任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleinu" class="extiw" title="en:Aleinu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aleinu</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祷文(页面不存在)">犹太教祷文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E6%A3%9A%E8%8A%82%E5%9B%9B%E6%A0%B7%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="住棚节四样植物">四样植物</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加特尔(页面不存在)">加特尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="讚美詩篇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hallel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%9A%E7%BE%8E%E8%A9%A9%E7%AF%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="讚美詩篇(页面不存在)">讚美詩篇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallel" class="extiw" title="en:Hallel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hallel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安息日结束礼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Havdalah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安息日结束礼(页面不存在)">安息日结束礼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havdalah" class="extiw" title="en:Havdalah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Havdalah</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖頌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kaddish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E9%A0%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖頌(页面不存在)">聖頌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaddish" class="extiw" title="en:Kaddish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kaddish</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基特尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kittel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基特尔(页面不存在)">基特尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kittel" class="extiw" title="en:Kittel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kittel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%8E%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赎罪日祈祷(页面不存在)">赎罪日祈祷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玛托福" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ma Tovu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E7%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛托福(页面不存在)">玛托福</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Tovu" class="extiw" title="en:Ma Tovu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ma Tovu</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%87%88%E8%87%BA" title="猶太教燈臺">猶太教燈臺</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E8%8A%82%E7%81%AF%E5%8F%B0" title="光明节灯台">再献圣殿节灯台</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%A1%86%E7%BB%8F%E6%96%87%E7%9B%92" title="门框经文盒">门柱圣卷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷礼(页面不存在)">祈祷礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%8F%E5%8D%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托拉经卷(页面不存在)">经卷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教祈祷文(页面不存在)">祈祷文</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BA%E7%91%AA" title="示瑪">听!以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="肖法号角" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="shofar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%96%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%B7%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肖法号角(页面不存在)">羊角号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shofar" class="extiw" title="en:shofar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">shofar</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%8A%AB%E5%B7%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太披巾(页面不存在)">披巾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太经文匣(页面不存在)">经文匣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%B8%E5%AD%90" title="繸子">流苏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E7%B6%93%E6%A8%99" title="指經標">读经之手</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%95_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="基帕 (猶太教)">基巴</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="line-height:1.1em;"><br />与其他宗教的关系</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%AF%B9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教对宗教多元化的观点(页面不存在)">犹太教对宗教多元化的观点</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕宗教">亚伯拉罕宗教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="犹太教与基督教">基督教</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教与犹太教(页面不存在)">天主教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教犹太和解(页面不存在)">基督教犹太和解</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太基督教徒(页面不存在)">犹太基督教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E9%97%A8%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩尔门教与犹太教(页面不存在)">摩尔门教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="弥赛亚犹太教">弥赛亚犹太教</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯兰教与犹太教(页面不存在)">伊斯兰教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="犹太佛教徒">犹太佛教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%95%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新異教主義">新异教主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A3%94%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲裔希伯来以色列人(页面不存在)">非洲裔希伯来以色列人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡巴拉中心(页面不存在)">卡巴拉中心</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="替代犹太教(页面不存在)">其他</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="犹太人历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#古代" title="以色列历史">古代</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="耶路撒冷聖殿">耶路撒冷聖殿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E5%9B%9A%E8%99%8F" title="巴比伦囚虏">巴比伦囚徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教中的耶路撒冷(页面不存在)">意义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷大事记(页面不存在)">大事记</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈斯蒙尼王朝">哈斯蒙尼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="大希律王">希律王</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" title="猶太公會">猶太公會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%BA" title="法利赛人">法利赛人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="撒都该人">撒都该人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%B3%BD%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="艾賽尼派">艾賽尼派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%AE%E9%8A%B3%E9%BB%A8" title="奮銳黨">奮銳黨</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E2%80%93%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第一次猶太–羅馬戰爭">第一次犹太罗马战争</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="巴爾科赫巴起義">科赫巴大起义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E6%95%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太人大流散">流散</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">维尔纽斯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪犹太人(页面不存在)">中世纪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人">可萨人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆斯林世界的犹太人历史(页面不存在)">穆斯林统治</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赛巴蒂教徒(页面不存在)">赛巴蒂教徒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="哈斯卡拉运动">哈斯卡拉運動</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="犹太解放运动">解放</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="納粹大屠殺">大屠杀</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="阿利亞運動">阿利亚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太复国主义历史(页面不存在)">犹太复国主义历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="以色列历史">以色列历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="阿以冲突">阿以冲突</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="以巴冲突">以巴冲突</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0" title="以色列地">以色列地</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="悔改運動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baal teshuva movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%94%E6%94%B9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悔改運動(页面不存在)">巴尔特舒华运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Baal teshuva movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baal teshuva movement</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="各国犹太教">各国犹太教</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="以色列政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="錫安主義">錫安主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一般锡安主义者(页面不存在)">一般</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="勞工錫安主義">勞工</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="宗教錫安主義">宗教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E6%B4%BE%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="修正派犹太复国主义">修正</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="迦南主義">迦南主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太政治运动(页面不存在)">政治运动</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC" title="犹太左翼">左派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B3%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太右翼(页面不存在)">右派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太无政府主义(页面不存在)">犹太无政府主义</a>) ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿古达运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Agudath Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%A4%E8%BE%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿古达运动(页面不存在)">阿古达运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:World Agudath Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Agudath Israel</span></a></span>)</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太女权主义(页面不存在)">女权主义</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反犹太主义">反犹太主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反犹主义历史(页面不存在)">历史</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对犹太人的迫害(页面不存在)">迫害</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新反犹主义(页面不存在)">新反犹主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="种族歧视反犹太主义(页面不存在)">种族性</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教反犹太主义(页面不存在)">宗教性</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反錫安主義">反锡安主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聚集區">隔都</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1223003/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vilnius"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153634702">VIAF</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm9cmb8XFbtx6YvP4cQMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX456719">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119367972">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119367972">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000049992">阿根廷</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5057560-0">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552694905171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82166208">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbddj1j5029qhl">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000020917&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vilnius (Litva)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131297&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000347668&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810550911305606">波兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/23670">梵蒂冈</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/cadab571-5d70-45d7-9e1d-843f6cb78bb5">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=34583">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027294595">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐849f99967d‐trwvr Cached time: 20241124074722 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.062 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