CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c61ef1eca99fa9',cH: '1cU4KRtrERqWc6vJzH8GtztXGJ_cHM2v2ks9AckL0Rc-1741308859-1.2.1.1-CCG4yo39DsosNJsgUNmV8rO9dbM64kxlQ0K.vFpH5fUAS5u.3heiKbbecQ4E83VC',cUPMDTk: "\/10001162\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=4jlbHUn1T.I2f7nQgAl7xENcSiqf0sXavEFdO1QhFgE-1741308859-1.0.1.1-XkJpOXFZ17qZ9V.lH.5CRBDkUPvEaP2x6Sfs7u_mIrs",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741308859',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10001162\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=4jlbHUn1T.I2f7nQgAl7xENcSiqf0sXavEFdO1QhFgE-1741308859-1.0.1.1-XkJpOXFZ17qZ9V.lH.5CRBDkUPvEaP2x6Sfs7u_mIrs",md: "CKn2lBej8FeyGWs_E5JwMq7gC6A58kiJQNUvZGuabR4-1741308859-1.2.1.1-HVBioIEoW4h7cAm8wktImNsff0OjEc3bi6ChqPIKXf7bQLJWXcStcaLBQux11jbBVz4s.niQfvU4kiwqL4gRJUmDWJbe7Wf17KGHiNkCidbi_AQ4Oe3V8eLIBxgV5V7AjRtJlY_CEdoZgIjGv_i7DFe4JtoR7.MgfYWOfm9DuvvZtYJjh16Vii0OP_d4hhJEp_ktN7Y.cjqYNabQ9wzuvfYVQ_mo7OZ4cbz034hx6.cJ45iywW2u85CG07JnXQGIOwh2xgx5M7oymkegKxL_ZcdimpRWerc8Wq_h9UFqKNV9ny6tG2MkhbsJkD43RNkipyobVpvKEu3nPAAbxx.llLeZwzsG07JdK5b4FTNe4LzmygIMCgZJRaQeBCFVa.i_WbfFVNDrb6Xx.N6QC2fOOUNYBNkt_K0pACJTRTLiZGnqZc19EewM8EZXFVEWE2x6TJVzmo8JlZDPsZG2CFaZTOwI1Ah.d1NKjIEL9MNJOEWyKDhdzEOcq8dQIpqA_orCaSuKAEk8h6cFUd5QmsCvSKl2BnEjcFSaZVM.tk5gj9xXPGGAxRfsxSghqjEMMrci0bpXqd79wTrK7z3FI4HaDvH9o5uVPu9esW62wv4ehQq2pzZrJ.qLpHZLj1T_tABLC45sEP2r2j0ewCiChi940HQBhx3hn_2SLD.hf1nImADK5vueg73J820vK74de.Z1VUMxD_AxCPCf7_NsQp3YxhlY_BUte9uoGDsbVVChPITbRfar9B_jgKKjd2Lp5GTku3kIZLD8qdhC9UeubbKqbfoqr7Qs5qBYts2tNn5upFv1vwOvwn3VEXzCuYKjFClNc20EDkftnIXsSyHUdiT2cMWAh74WXU4F3mLDHruHsWTGbfsIyKtIkkBVCsxTvmrgN8CbK2WhuVV.PUokIRP2dK5tdAjFY1ClkBnmTDSzew7EDSuFl6lYYzigRVgYHdBTRaK_0FdsvLsron.dsFrr2UOZ_R4P6DA1GxZby7E2NQ5LhngZkhdpzw4bVUr4KdWWRCal0FpHExH5orBEGpMTy8D1vECzxnQEL6eq6ATwVtoNmzreTb2CmoQ43iZcJB_DhJNeBj59ltCnE6.oxVVVySmmMdwsYFj23fA_9bkrsivW0QXdg_MVB8OcBjN.WaHKxNA5icrlI74_JiQKGHGxPvmdHrA2.EwJF2I6TLZp9zN54el3ms4QIO6kqWsDrvCnx431KZ_ZJew7IR_Vzk7dVg",mdrd: "o8P9mdDY5TjmiOSj33JN.mHwo3r3LBHsaEHbr2vQt6s-1741308859-1.2.1.1-Y30NBP_0LUclnBbMMcF_MvuGnvNltp.VSr9ti99mrO2YgeZL5PJJV7G.eAwRBSUPZAxgLo9bfFRVUGzsTpYR84v4OvUwarW3AzdkHUY_TcwhZZ5a3Nvc1zw.LSiHpCwp_GegBkJc1cbIsmgcqc9vkk.1XDKCv.X3v.xxOQ.CghUlgJakO9zkUkKAdYty0uw_cYjuRWyJT58l3UyWXDMqmcmWsUL02U280NdC9w7mgbyX9eYxrluJ0PnKSGkMps7j9BhYb8RZEU4FhrBA2ExV7Uw5EkGzJlBA21xtr3ht4.Y2.vXVYRtZcem6rfQkDhGs2mzemQM_AZA.oE56KGmSXYKGJwcltA7oL.nxn2WiP9K9_EEGHtKKH5H5jS6UfMLuqCA9xoHpPP900UJJZrXVgYrm.sGOafXoMND3QVjsw7I_Tzy79SE2uw_7gLAFWs2ohVO70E7Maf00RLgQo8ibVXk1JBrpahS3nSymmzuXNrQRryM4zlMp5O7T5Xrd.masuOIVZBWmA3XIu0wLmblber6S6ozMHIcZFOLBfet.xBWZEG0.eOFqgH7Lj42bg1moyaUp67OOxbX5Yl8sVf0cpvBhFTsRpUtWzO9MpEQRhfQ6IYnRWVL_kNM80ISMu5T9q3VCEhYqRb5ibHyfXFaafJc5bfm4gtuUIe_xcM_Z0kO7RecwEjq8.yKRE0LSnHNhGfjCMgNNYGaX3It0Yg.KJym8u1Hsy__ut42L51RgAiKBHlPJ7TAVq2iHz3amUQlBs.kVM0izStsAB42z64bgy7IG9.UokQSmZo1_W4dFjgDlDir76N70GQ2BpFtlC_sy7R83hQy83GFywHlOvn4fEORC1Y6FRHAnu8U2PRtZyMXcBMHvZKkpodpq_Dq4QD3wn7v_kix0HL6A8nPsaBSsDIrSWagBZdJ1.KauYa8IBeD1b9SDat1MadmPxjSIyz3ojewqNR2tsriOfmAP.YtMW6eAcbT7CpFZXEy2QZcH0e1sFEbQUEY4S0Lw5tip1jHScVtaFS.oVJjt_C.ZjjiKcLj2RBNZadUQtEaHSIuC4Z.F1SOKYeOLd3RNKfpWyidsiw1gt_y.l_Etw0Rbo97DqVzOP4D1u3uiv7UQehnxonP2xy9YGHkWM_NTAmfvtn2e3D2REWITTmXvUXP9hTqSG244O2o_6O4BCue1LRxN8TxLNnCP2k4ua.r0ZHyZyBvsnu4UYVCc3omRKavAbgcRpAc.v4wLWOml4FpssRoRSQLn6_DnwLhx98R8fmf1tqw2PHtIRj0EiphTaBC76xRjBoAkptY9DPTjwU7mo.OCi9N0MggfhPE7cPy6pxTak54De4.ke55SlVQ8ROPHv.zYxx.2_ZlmA4f0VkBcpgamJWg1WJfY5yV6BQdpxmaqGHvOBg37E.nw_1hnaI1CuZXczmoz6Nb.AQ52nFB44hyBGO35FQBhRqOoX0MblNlqdmn44IdS3N_d_FqLJ6_Fw_JlzxPNFJaBI6fEXOuG7Y9jMWebftPPn5tVWG.1K9ZQtB0096g.f0yRkc7VMIBzym..Ew.WvVkFfSYrHZQFZR2rVmMRjzz.V.XeKfy9I6zrEGZG8TqPtVr2PEtYJWG.VBABKzHTj1p94cgdU.Z61JXh9a4ax5ErbQ1DQCyecv6hBtbKO.4mYe3zfR12GSaYhB7ANgOl9oxHbFXOWfdqtzAco_VAvMyv8UmC2wLLnAPKXV8IWgWy0eX4F9anun95HplLzhSVRf35zniMuz9zz3KGSkJaUJYavQeti8XjzsAG03N3qbWwtgnMhZuH5VXySfA_.UJpq_7XBud9IpaqfQVNJcU6pFJ4I4u_N7S_fePettBEc.qqiVULOrhJkLbN_nwICD8vS_MdTNjjlzRq13GvuspmCSjv4Q.tnbkUI8AxSiEeHAROxTWFvnnTIJb71FPZVkrAfDRYJQxywom7CVDAp1891mSWROhO4VH5hx3B_0Su07MnL8I.focTlhtCDuUMqA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c61ef1eca99fa9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10001162\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=4jlbHUn1T.I2f7nQgAl7xENcSiqf0sXavEFdO1QhFgE-1741308859-1.0.1.1-XkJpOXFZ17qZ9V.lH.5CRBDkUPvEaP2x6Sfs7u_mIrs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>