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<span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Version history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handwriting_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handwriting_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Handwriting recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handwriting_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NewtonScript" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NewtonScript"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>NewtonScript</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NewtonScript-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="mw-page-title-main">Newton OS</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Discontinued operating system by Apple Inc.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Newton OS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Newton_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Apple_Newton_logo.svg/70px-Apple_Newton_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Apple_Newton_logo.svg/105px-Apple_Newton_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Apple_Newton_logo.svg/140px-Apple_Newton_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="361" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_NewtonOS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/Apple_NewtonOS.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="422" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="374" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Screenshot of Newton OS 2.0</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Historical</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Closed_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed source software">Closed source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">August 3, 1993<span class="noprint">; 31 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993-08-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Final release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.1 / 21 March 1997<span class="noprint">; 27 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1997-03-21</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microkernel" title="Microkernel">Microkernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br />user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> <a href="/wiki/EULA" class="mw-redirect" title="EULA">EULA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="IPhone OS">iPhone OS</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Newton OS</b></i> is a discontinued <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Apple Newton</a> PDAs produced by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer, Inc.</a> between 1993 and 1997. It was written entirely in <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> and trimmed to be low power consuming and use the available memory efficiently. Many applications were pre-installed in the <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> of the Newton (making for quick start-up) to save on <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> storage for user applications. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newton OS features many interface elements that the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Macintosh system software</a> didn't have at the time, such as drawers and the "poof" animation. An animation similar to this is found in <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, and parts of the Newton's handwriting recognition system have been implemented as <a href="/wiki/Inkwell_(Macintosh)" title="Inkwell (Macintosh)">Inkwell</a> in Mac OS X. </p> <ul><li>Sound responsive — Clicking menus and icons makes a sound; this feature was later introduced in <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8</a>.</li> <li>Icons - Similar to the Macintosh Desktop metaphor, Newton OS uses icons to open applications.</li> <li>Tabbed documents — Similar to <a href="/wiki/Tab_(GUI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tab (GUI)">tabbed browsing</a> in today's browsers and Apple's <a href="/wiki/At_Ease" title="At Ease">At Ease</a> interface, documents titles appear in a small tab at the top right hand of the screen.</li> <li>Screen rotation — In Newton 2.0, the screen can be rotated to be used for drawing or word processing.</li> <li>File documents — Notes and Drawings can be categorized. E.g. Fun, Business, Personal, etc.</li> <li>Print documents — Documents on the Newton can be printed.</li> <li>Send documents — Documents can be sent to another Newton via Infrared technology or sent using the Internet by E-Mail, or faxed.</li> <li>Menus — Similar to menus seen in Mac OS, but menu titles are instead presented at the bottom of the screen in small rectangles, making them similar to buttons with attached "pop-up" menus.</li></ul> <p>Many features of the Newton are best appreciated in the context of the history of <a href="/wiki/Pen_computing" title="Pen computing">Pen computing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton PDA</a>'s release in 1993, developers were not paying much attention to the new Newton OS API and were still more interested in developing for the Macintosh and Windows platforms. It was not until two years later that developers saw a potential market available to them in creating software for Newton OS. Several programs were made by third-party developers, including software to enhance the disappointing hand writing recognition technology of Newton OS 1.x. </p><p><b>The basic software that came with Newton OS:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Works</b> — A program for drawing and word processing, with typical capabilities such as: rulers, margins, page breaks, formatting, printing, spell checking and find & replace tools.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton#Notes" title="Apple Newton">Notes</a></b> — Used for checklists, as well as both drawing and writing in the same program either with a newton keyboard or a stylus pen.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton#Dates" title="Apple Newton">Dates</a></b> — Calendar program where you can schedule appointments and other special events.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton#Names" title="Apple Newton">Names</a></b> — Program for storing extensive contacts information in a flexible format.</li> <li><b>Formulas</b> — Program that offers metric conversions, currency conversions, loan and <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_calculator" title="Mortgage calculator">mortgage calculators</a>, etc.</li> <li><b>Calculator</b> — A basic calculator with square root, percentage, MR, M+ and M− functions additional to the basic functions found on a calculator.</li> <li><b>Clock</b> — A small floating window type application, known as a desktop accessory on the Macintosh. The Newton clock also includes features for an alarm, minute timer and the date.</li> <li><b>Book Reader</b> — Support for displaying electronic books is built in.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Version_history">Version history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Version history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date released </th> <th>OS version </th></tr> <tr> <td>August 3, 1993 </td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 30, 1993 </td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>? </td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1994 </td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 14, 1996 </td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 21, 1997 </td> <td>2.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handwriting_recognition">Handwriting recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Handwriting recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Newton uses the CalliGrapher word-based <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">handwriting recognition</a> engine developed by <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" class="extiw" title="ru:Параграф (компания)">ParaGraph International Inc</a>, led by former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> scientist <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Pachikov" title="Stepan Pachikov">Stepan Pachikov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest versions had weaknesses that resulted in bad publicity and reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with the release of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton PDAs</a> based upon version 2.0 of the OS, the handwriting recognition substantially improved, partially being a product of ParaGraph and an Apple-created recognizer pair: Apple's Rosetta and Mondello. Newton's handwriting recognition, particularly the print recognizer, has been considered by many reviewers, testers, and users to be the best in the industry, even 10 years after it was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was developed by <a href="/wiki/Apple%27s_Advanced_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple's Advanced Technology Group">Apple's Advanced Technology Group</a>, and was described in 2012 as "the world's first genuinely usable handwriting recognition system".<sup id="cite_ref-arstechnica_yaeger_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arstechnica_yaeger-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Newton can recognize hand-printed text, <a href="/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursive</a>, or a mix of the two, and can also accept free-hand "Sketches", "Shapes", and "ink text". Text can also be entered by tapping with the stylus on a small on-screen pop-up <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> keyboard. With "Shapes", Newton can recognize that the user was attempting to draw a circle, a line, a <a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">polygon</a>, etc., and it cleans them up into "perfect" <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector</a> representations (with modifiable control points and defined <a href="/wiki/Vertex_(geometry)" title="Vertex (geometry)">vertices</a>) of what the user is attempting to draw. "Shapes" and "Sketches" can be <a href="/wiki/Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">scaled</a> or deformed once drawn. "Ink text" captures the user's free-hand writing but allows it to be treated somewhat like <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">recognized text</a> when manipulating for later editing purposes ("ink text" supported <a href="/wiki/Word_wrap" class="mw-redirect" title="Word wrap">word wrap</a>, could be formatted to be bold, italic, etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At any time a user can also direct the Newton to recognize selected "ink text" and turn it into <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">recognized text</a> (deferred recognition). A Newton Note document (or the notes attached to each contact in Names and each calendar event) can contain any mix of interleaved text, ink text, Shapes, and Sketches.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NewtonScript">NewtonScript</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: NewtonScript"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NewtonScript" title="NewtonScript">NewtonScript</a></div> <p>Newton OS runs applications written in C++, along with an interpreted, user-friendly language called <i><a href="/wiki/NewtonScript" title="NewtonScript">NewtonScript</a></i>. These applications are stored in <a href="/wiki/Software_package_(installation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Software package (installation)">packages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Timeline of Newton models <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_Newton_models" title="Template:Timeline of Newton models"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_Newton_models" title="Template talk:Timeline of Newton models"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_Newton_models" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of Newton models"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_gib7e3v2vqrsoi1v4o4liqwbhnv1t3q"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" coords="669,136,716,157" title="PowerBook G3" alt="PowerBook G3" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" coords="592,136,656,157" title="PowerBook 2400c" alt="PowerBook 2400c" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" coords="326,136,390,157" title="PowerBook Duo" alt="PowerBook Duo" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" coords="111,136,230,157" title="Power Macintosh" alt="Power Macintosh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" coords="10,136,118,157" title="PowerBook Duo" alt="PowerBook Duo" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/eMate_300" coords="567,118,653,138" title="eMate 300" alt="eMate 300" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="669,99,727,120" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="567,81,625,102" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="415,63,468,83" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="200,44,252,65" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="111,26,163,47" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="111,7,163,28" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" coords="22,7,103,28" title="Apple Newton" alt="Apple Newton" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_gib7e3v2vqrsoi1v4o4liqwbhnv1t3q" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/gib7e3v2vqrsoi1v4o4liqwbhnv1t3q.png" /></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of Apple Inc. products</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Apple Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_computing" title="Pen computing">Pen computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorola_Marco" title="Motorola Marco">Motorola Marco</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406215949/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=50092">A selection of PDFs of Apple's Newton manuals</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newtonfaq.com/">Newton FAQ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/developer/newton_20.html">Pen Computing's First Look at Newton OS 2.0</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cf.psl.msu.edu/hallofame.htm">The Newton Hall of Fame: People behind the Newton</a></li> <li>Pen Computing's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/frames/newton_obituary.html">Why did Apple kill the Newton?</a></li> <li>Pen Computing's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/Newton/">Newton Notes</a> column archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.apple.com/research/neural/larryy/ANHR/AIMag/Yaegeretal.AIMag.pdf">A.I. Magazine article by Yaeger on Newton HWR design, algorithms, & quality</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> and associated <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwnc.newtontalk.net/2004/program/larryyaeger/slides-larryyaeger.pdf">slides</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717074702/http://www.beanblossom.in.us/larryy/ANHR.html">Info on Newton HWR from Apple's HWR Technical Lead</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/penhist.html">Notes on the (relatively unknown) History of Pen-based Computing</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://user.erols.com/rwservices/biblio.html">Annotated Bibliography in Pen Computing</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xnqKdWMa_8"><span class="plainlinks">Notes on the History of Pen-based Computing</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCalore2007" class="citation news cs1">Calore, Michael (23 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081222123409/http://blog.wired.com/monkeybites/2007/01/stepan_pachikov.html">"Stepan Pachikov Wants to Study Your Handwriting"</a>. WIRED. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/monkeybites/2007/01/stepan_pachikov.html">the original</a> on 22 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stepan+Pachikov+Wants+to+Study+Your+Handwriting&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft.aulast=Calore&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.wired.com%2Fmonkeybites%2F2007%2F01%2Fstepan_pachikov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewton+OS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuckie" class="citation web cs1">Luckie, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msu.edu/~luckie/hallofame.htm">"Newton Hall of Fame"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newton+Hall+of+Fame&rft.aulast=Luckie&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msu.edu%2F~luckie%2Fhallofame.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewton+OS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://technabob.com/blog/2007/07/20/classic-apple-moment-newton-handwriting-recognition/">"Classic Apple Moment: Newton Handwriting Recognition"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classic+Apple+Moment%3A+Newton+Handwriting+Recognition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechnabob.com%2Fblog%2F2007%2F07%2F20%2Fclassic-apple-moment-newton-handwriting-recognition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewton+OS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/5452193/the-story-behind-apples-newton">"The Story Behind Apple's Newton"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+Behind+Apple%27s+Newton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2F5452193%2Fthe-story-behind-apples-newton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewton+OS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028091348/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2023689_2025276_2025278,00.html">"Five Gadgets Ahead of Their Time Apple Newton"</a>. 25 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2023689_2025276_2025278,00.html">the original</a> on 28 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Five+Gadgets+Ahead+of+Their+Time+Apple+Newton&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C2023689_2025276_2025278%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewton+OS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130407231539/http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/tag/doonesbury/">"Will the iPhone's Siri have its 'Egg freckles' moment?"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/tag/doonesbury/">the original</a> on 7 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Will+the+iPhone%27s+Siri+have+its+%27Egg+freckles%27+moment%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech.fortune.cnn.com%2Ftag%2Fdoonesbury%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewton+OS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HWR accuracy: <ul><li>See comments in Wired's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/news/mac/0,2125,54580,00.html">Apple Newton Just Won't Drop</a> (four years later)</li> <li>See text under "Handwriting Recognition" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/developer/newton_20.html">Pen Computing's First Look at Newton OS 2.0</a></li> <li>See "Opportunity Squandered" in Pen Computing's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/frames/newton_obituary.html">Why did Apple kill the Newton?</a></li> <li>See comments under "Software" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.13/13.04/NewtonGetSerious/index.html">MacTech's MessagePad 2000 review</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/editor/editor_34.html">Comments by Pen Computing's editor</a></li> <li>See user testing results discussed in part 6 of this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.apple.com/research/neural/larryy/ANHR/AIMag/Yaegeretal.AIMag.pdf">A.I. Magazine article on Newton HWR</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smalldog.com/newsarchive/kibbles_display.php?id=29">MessagePad 2000 review at Small Dog Electronics</a></li> <li>See comments under "Note-taking" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~mac/mp2000.html">MessagePad 2000 review at "The History and Macintosh Society"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perlnet.umephy.maine.edu/bio/wittmann/pooter/newtuse/hwr.html">What's Right With The Newton: HWR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060908164609/http://perlnet.umephy.maine.edu/bio/wittmann/pooter/newtuse/hwr.html">Archived</a> September 8, 2006, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beanblossom.in.us/larryy/ANHR.html">Assessment by Apple developer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717074702/http://www.beanblossom.in.us/larryy/ANHR.html">Archived</a> July 17, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/TESL-EJ/ej07/mr1.html">Prof. Warden's MessagePad 130 review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231035454/http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/tesl-ej/ej07/mr1.html">Archived</a> December 31, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-arstechnica_yaeger-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arstechnica_yaeger_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmykil,_Jeff2005" class="citation news cs1">Smykil, Jeff (June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/apple/news/2005/06/504.ars">"In the Loop with Larry Yaeger: part I"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2012</span>. <q>Also at Apple, in the Advanced Technology Group, [Larry Yaeger] was Technical Lead in the development of the neural network-based handprint recognition system, the world's first genuinely usable handwriting recognition system, showcased in second generation Newton PDAs and Mac OS X's "Inkwell."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=In+the+Loop+with+Larry+Yaeger%3A+part+I&rft.date=2005-06&rft.au=Smykil%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fapple%2Fnews%2F2005%2F06%2F504.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewton+OS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/developer/newton_20.html">Pen Computing's First Look at Newton OS 2.0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Read about HWR, ink text, Sketches, & Shapes in Apple's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manuals.info.apple.com/Apple_Support_Area/Manuals/newton/0307258ANEWTONMP.PDF">MessagePad Handbook</a> available in Apple's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=50092">Newton Manuals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406215949/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=50092">Archived</a> April 6, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> collection</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_resources_&_information"><span id="Additional_resources_.26_information"></span>Additional resources & information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Additional resources & information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newtontalk.net/">NewtonTalk discussion email list</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kallisys.com/">Einstein: a Newton emulator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516225206/http://www.phatware.com/calligrapher/">CalliGrapher handwriting recognition software</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.erols.com/rwservices/biblio.html">Annotated bibliography of references to handwriting recognition and pen computing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xnqKdWMa_8"><span class="plainlinks">Notes on the History of Pen-based Computing</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reviews">Reviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_OS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.13/13.04/NewtonGetSerious/index.html">MacTech's review of MessagePad 2000</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~mac/mp2000.html">MessagePad 2000 review at "The History and Macintosh Society"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101208053412/http://perlnet.umephy.maine.edu/bio/wittmann/pooter/newton.htm">Prof. Wittmann's collection of Newton & MessagePad reviews</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalliving.cnet.co.uk/specials/0,39030785,49282099,00.htm">CNET compares a MessagePad to a Samsung Q1 UMPC</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operating_systems_by_Apple" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_operating_systems" title="Template:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Operating_systems_by_Apple" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Operating systems by <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_GS/OS" title="Apple GS/OS">GS/OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">Apple III</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">SOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa#Software" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacWorks_XL" title="MacWorks XL">MacWorks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_operating_systems" title="Mac operating systems">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System_1" title="System 1">System 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS#System_1,_2,_3,_and_4" title="Classic Mac OS">Systems 2, 3, and 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS#System_Software_5" title="Classic Mac OS">System 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_6" title="System 6">System 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">Mac OS 9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li></ul></li> <li>Core <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Desktop <ul><li>Mac OS X <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 (Cheetah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.1" title="Mac OS X 10.1">10.1 (Puma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Lion">10.7 Lion</a></li></ul></li> <li>OS X <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul></li> <li>macOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">11 Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Mac OS X Server 1.0</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shipped <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A/ROSE" title="A/ROSE">A/ROSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A/UX" title="A/UX">A/UX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIX_for_Apple_Network_Servers" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX for Apple Network Servers">AIX for Apple Network Servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Application_Environment" title="Macintosh Application Environment">MAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MkLinux" title="MkLinux">MkLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerOpen_Environment" title="PowerOpen Environment">PowerOpen Environment</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cancelled <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_project" title="Star Trek project">Star Trek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nukernel" title="Nukernel">Nukernel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(microkernel)" title="Vanguard (microkernel)">Vanguard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>iPhone OS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_1" title="IPhone OS 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_2" title="IPhone OS 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_OS_3" title="IPhone OS 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li>iOS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_4" title="IOS 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_5" title="IOS 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_6" title="IOS 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_8" title="IOS 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_9" title="IOS 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_10" title="IOS 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_11" title="IOS 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_12" title="IOS 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_13" title="IOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_14" title="IOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_15" title="IOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_17" title="IOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_18" title="IOS 18">18</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_13" title="IPadOS 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_14" title="IPadOS 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_15" title="IPadOS 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_16" title="IPadOS 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_17" title="IPadOS 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_18" title="IPadOS 18">18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV#Software" title="Apple TV">Apple TV Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newton OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_iTunes#Devices" title="History of iTunes">iPod software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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