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light-emitting diodes (LEDs)</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: light-emitting diodes (LEDs)"> <meta name="keywords" content="light-emitting diodes (LEDs)"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="light-emitting diodes (LEDs)"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 172</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: light-emitting diodes (LEDs)</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> Analysis of a Power Factor Correction Converter for Light Emitting Diode Driver Application </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwina%20G.%20Rodrigues">Edwina G. Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Bindhu"> S. J. Bindhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Rajesh"> A. V. Rajesh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a switched capacitor based driver circuit for high power light emitting diodes with a front end rectifier. LEDs are low-voltage light sources, requiring a constant DC voltage or current to operate optimally. LEDs, therefore, require a device that can convert incoming AC power to the proper DC voltage, and regulate the current flowing through the LED during operation. Proposed topology has a front end converter. It is an AC-DC rectifier that works on bridgeless boost topology which shapes the input current waveform. The front end converter is followed by a DC-DC converter which provides a constant DC voltage across the LEDs. A 12V AC input is given to the input of frontend converter which rectifies and boost the voltage to 24v DC and gives it to the DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter converts the 24V DC and regulates this constant DC voltage across the LEDs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridgeless%20rectifier" title="bridgeless rectifier">bridgeless rectifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20factor%20correction%28PFC%29" title=" power factor correction(PFC)"> power factor correction(PFC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SC%20converter" title=" SC converter"> SC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion%20%28THD%29" title=" total harmonic distortion (THD)"> total harmonic distortion (THD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53400/analysis-of-a-power-factor-correction-converter-for-light-emitting-diode-driver-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">873</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> High-Frequency Modulation of Light-Emitting Diodes for New Ultraviolet Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Chyi%20Wu">Meng-Chyi Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bonn%20Lin"> Bonn Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyun-Hao%20Liao"> Jyun-Hao Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chein-Ju%20Chen"> Chein-Ju Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Cheng%20Jhuang"> Yu-Cheng Jhuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mau-Phon%20Houng"> Mau-Phon Houng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang-Hsing%20Wang"> Fang-Hsing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Chu%20Liu"> Min-Chu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Fu%20Yang"> Cheng-Fu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Shong%20Hong"> Cheng-Shong Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the use of wireless communications has become critical nowadays, the available RF spectrum has become limited. Ultraviolet (UV) communication system can alleviate the spectrum constraint making UV communication system a potential alternative to future communication demands. Also, UV links can provide faster communication rate and can be used in combination with existing RF communication links, providing new communications diversity with higher user capacity. The UV region of electromagnetic spectrum has been of interest to detector, imaging and communication technologies because the stratospheric ozone layer effectively absorbs some solar UV radiation from reaching the earth surface. The wavebands where most of UV radiation is absorbed by the ozone are commonly known as the solar blind region. By operating in UV-C band (200-280 nm) the communication system can minimize the transmission power consumption since it will have less radiation noise. UV communication uses the UV ray as the medium. Electric signal is carried on this band after being modulated and then be transmitted within the atmosphere as channel. Though the background noise of UV-C communication is very low owing to the solar-blind feature, it leads to a large propagation loss. The 370 nm UV provides a much lower propagation loss than that the UV-C does and the recent device technology for UV source on this band is more mature. The fabricated 370 nm AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an aperture size of 45 m exhibit a modulation bandwidth of 165 MHz at 30 mA and a high power of 7 W/cm2 at 230 A/cm2. In order to solve the problem of low power in single UV LED, a UV LED array is presented in. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet%20%28UV%29%20communication" title="ultraviolet (UV) communication">ultraviolet (UV) communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light-emitting%20diodes%20%28LEDs%29" title=" light-emitting diodes (LEDs)"> light-emitting diodes (LEDs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulation%20bandwidth" title=" modulation bandwidth"> modulation bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED%20array" title=" LED array"> LED array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=370%20nm" title=" 370 nm"> 370 nm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46357/high-frequency-modulation-of-light-emitting-diodes-for-new-ultraviolet-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> N-Type GaN Thinning for Enhancing Light Extraction Efficiency in GaN-Based Thin-Film Flip-Chip Ultraviolet (UV) Light Emitting Diodes (LED)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Kawan">Anil Kawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soon%20Jae%20Yu"> Soon Jae Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Min%20Park"> Jong Min Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GaN-based 365 nm wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LED) have various applications: curing, molding, purification, deodorization, and disinfection etc. However, their usage is limited by very low output power, because of the light absorption in the GaN layers. In this study, we demonstrate a method utilizing removal of 365 nm absorption layer buffer GaN and thinning the n-type GaN so as to improve the light extraction efficiency of the GaN-based 365 nm UV LED. The UV flip chip LEDs of chip size 1.3 mm x 1.3 mm were fabricated using GaN epilayers on a sapphire substrate. Via-hole n-type contacts and highly reflective Ag metal were used for efficient light extraction. LED wafer was aligned and bonded to AlN carrier wafer. To improve the extraction efficiency of the flip chip LED, sapphire substrate and absorption layer buffer GaN were removed by using laser lift-off and dry etching, respectively. To further increase the extraction efficiency of the LED, exposed n-type GaN thickness was reduced by using inductively coupled plasma etching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%20efficiency" title="extraction efficiency">extraction efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitting%20diodes" title=" light emitting diodes"> light emitting diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-GaN%20thinning" title=" n-GaN thinning"> n-GaN thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet" title=" ultraviolet"> ultraviolet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61185/n-type-gan-thinning-for-enhancing-light-extraction-efficiency-in-gan-based-thin-film-flip-chip-ultraviolet-uv-light-emitting-diodes-led" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Water Vapor Oxidization of NiO for a Hole Transport Layer in All Inorganic QD-LED</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaeun%20Park">Jaeun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daekyoung%20Kim"> Daekyoung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20Kyoon%20Chung"> Ho Kyoon Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heeyeop%20Chae"> Heeyeop Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantum dots light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) have been considered as the next generation display and lighting devices due to their excellent color purity, photo-stability solution process possibility and good device stability. Currently typical quantum dot light emitting diodes contain organic layers such as PEDOT:PSS and PVK for charge transport layers. To make quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD-LED) more stable, it is required to replace those acidic and relatively unstable organic charge transport layers with inorganic materials. Therefore all inorganic and solution processed quantum dot light emitting diodes can potentially be a solution to stable and cost-effective display devices. We studied solution processed NiO films to replace organic charge transport layers that are required for stable all-inorganic based light emitting diodes. The transition metal oxides can be made by various vacuum and solution processes, but the solution processes are considered more cost-effective than vacuum processes. In this work we investigated solution processed NiOx for a hole transport layer (HTL). NiOx, has valence band energy levels of 5.3eV and they are easy to make sol-gel solutions. Water vapor oxidation process was developed and applied to solution processed all-inorganic QD-LED. Turn-on voltage, luminance and current efficiency of QD in this work were 5V, 1800Cd/m2 and 0.5Cd/A, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QD-LED" title="QD-LED">QD-LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide%20solution" title=" metal oxide solution"> metal oxide solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiO" title=" NiO"> NiO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-inorganic%20QD-LED%20device" title=" all-inorganic QD-LED device"> all-inorganic QD-LED device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17283/water-vapor-oxidization-of-nio-for-a-hole-transport-layer-in-all-inorganic-qd-led" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">750</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Synthesis of Highly Stable Near-Infrared FAPbI₃ Perovskite Doped with 5-AVA and Its Applications in NIR Light-Emitting Diodes for Bioimaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasrud%20Din">Nasrud Din</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawad%20Saeed"> Fawad Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Hussain"> Sajid Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rai%20Muhammad%20Dawood%20Sultan"> Rai Muhammad Dawood Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Premkumar%20Sellan"> Premkumar Sellan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qasim%20Khan"> Qasim Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Lei"> Wei Lei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continuously increasing external quantum efficiencies of Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have received significant interest in the scientific community. The need for monitoring and medical diagnostics has experienced a steady growth in recent years, primarily caused by older people and an increasing number of heart attacks, tumors, and cancer disorders among patients. The application of Perovskite near-infrared light-emitting diode (PeNIRLEDs) has exhibited considerable efficacy in bioimaging, particularly in the visualization and examination of blood arteries, blood clots, and tumors. PeNIRLEDs exhibit exciting potential in the field of blood vessel imaging because of their advantageous attributes, including improved depth penetration and less scattering in comparison to visible light. In this study, we synthesized FAPbI₃ Perovskite doped with different concentrations of 5-Aminovaleric acid (5-AVA) 1-6 mg. The incorporation of 5-AVA as a dopant during the FAPbI₃ Perovskite formation influences the FAPbI3 Perovskite’s structural and optical properties, improving its stability, photoluminescence efficiency, and charge transport characteristics. We found a resulting PL emission peak wavelength of 850 nm and bandwidth of 44 nm, along with a calculated quantum yield of 75%. The incorporation of 5-AVA-modified FAPbI₃ Perovskite into LEDs will show promising results, enhancing device efficiency, color purity, and stability. Making it suitable for various medical applications, including subcutaneous deep vein imaging, blood flow visualization, and tumor illumination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20light-emitting%20diodes" title="perovskite light-emitting diodes">perovskite light-emitting diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20vein%20imaging" title=" deep vein imaging"> deep vein imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20flow%20visualization" title=" blood flow visualization"> blood flow visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination" title=" tumor illumination"> tumor illumination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186722/synthesis-of-highly-stable-near-infrared-fapbi3-perovskite-doped-with-5-ava-and-its-applications-in-nir-light-emitting-diodes-for-bioimaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> PIN-Diode Based Slotted Reconfigurable Multiband Antenna Array for Vehicular Communication </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Upadhyay">Gaurav Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nand%20Kishore"> Nand Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Ranjan"> Prashant Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivesh%20Tripathi"> Shivesh Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Tripathi"> V. S. Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a patch antenna array design is proposed for vehicular communication. The antenna consists of 2-element patch array. The antenna array is operating at multiple frequency bands. The multiband operation is achieved by use of slots at proper locations at the patch. The array is made reconfigurable by use of two PIN-diodes. The antenna is simulated and measured in four states of diodes i.e. ON-ON, ON-OFF, OFF-ON, and OFF-OFF. In ON-ON state of diodes, the resonant frequencies are 4.62-4.96, 6.50-6.75, 6.90-7.01, 7.34-8.22, 8.89-9.09 GHz. In ON-OFF state of diodes, the measured resonant frequencies are 4.63-4.93, 6.50-6.70 and 7.81-7.91 GHz. In OFF-ON states of diodes the resonant frequencies are 1.24-1.46, 3.40-3.75, 5.07-5.25 and 6.90-7.20 GHz and in the OFF-OFF state of diodes 4.49-4.75 and 5.61-5.98 GHz. The maximum bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 16.29%. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.4 dB at 5.9 GHz, which makes it suitable for vehicular communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title="antenna">antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array" title=" array"> array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable" title=" reconfigurable"> reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular" title=" vehicular"> vehicular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85090/pin-diode-based-slotted-reconfigurable-multiband-antenna-array-for-vehicular-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Enhancement of Light Extraction of Luminescent Coating by Nanostructuring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aubry%20Martin">Aubry Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehed%20Amara"> Nehed Amara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20Nyalosaso"> Jeff Nyalosaso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Audrey%20Potdevin"> Audrey Potdevin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fran%C3%A7Ois%20ReVeret"> FrançOis ReVeret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Langlet"> Michel Langlet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Genevieve%20Chadeyron"> Genevieve Chadeyron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy-saving lighting devices based on LightEmitting Diodes (LEDs) combine a semiconductor chip emitting in the ultraviolet or blue wavelength region to one or more phosphor(s) deposited in the form of coatings. The most common ones combine a blue LED with the yellow phosphor Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (YAG:Ce) and a red phosphor. Even if these devices are characterized by satisfying photometric parameters (Color Rendering Index, Color Temperature) and good luminous efficiencies, further improvements can be carried out to enhance light extraction efficiency (increase in phosphor forward emission). One of the possible strategies is to pattern the phosphor coatings. Here, we have worked on different ways to nanostructure the coating surface. On the one hand, we used the colloidal lithography combined with the Langmuir-Blodgett technique to directly pattern the surface of YAG:Tb³⁺ sol-gel derived coatings, YAG:Tb³⁺ being used as phosphor model. On the other hand, we achieved composite architectures combining YAG:Ce coatings and ZnO nanowires. Structural, morphological and optical properties of both systems have been studied and compared to flat YAG coatings. In both cases, nanostructuring brought a significative enhancement of photoluminescence properties under UV or blue radiations. In particular, angle-resolved photoluminescence measurements have shown that nanostructuring modifies photons path within the coatings, with a better extraction of the guided modes. These two strategies have the advantage of being versatile and applicable to any phosphor synthesizable by sol-gel technique. They then appear as promising ways to enhancement luminescence efficiencies of both phosphor coatings and the optical devices into which they are incorporated, such as LED-based lighting or safety devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphor%20coatings" title="phosphor coatings">phosphor coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructuring" title=" nanostructuring"> nanostructuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20extraction" title=" light extraction"> light extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%20nanowires" title=" ZnO nanowires"> ZnO nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal%20lithography" title=" colloidal lithography"> colloidal lithography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED%20devices" title=" LED devices"> LED devices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139533/enhancement-of-light-extraction-of-luminescent-coating-by-nanostructuring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Enhancement of Biomass and Bioactive Compounds in Kale Subjected to UV-A LED Lights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Hui%20Lee">Jin-Hui Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Min%20Oh"> Myung-Min Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of temporary abiotic stresses before crop harvest is a potential strategy to enhance phytochemical content. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various UV-A LED lights on the growth and content of bioactive compounds in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). Fourteen-day-old kale seedlings were cultivated in a plant factory with artificial lighting (air temperature of 20℃, relative humidity of 60%, photosynthesis photon flux density (PPFD) of 125 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹) for 3 weeks. Kale plants were irradiated by four types of UV-A LEDs (peak wavelength; 365, 375, 385, and 395 nm) with 30 W/m² for 7 days. As a result, image chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) value of kale leaves was lower as the UV-A LEDs peak wavelength was shorter. Fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots of kale plants were significantly higher in the plants under UV-A than the control at 7 days of treatment. In particular, the growth was significantly increased with a longer peak wavelength of the UV-A LEDs. The results of leaf area and specific leaf weight showed a similar pattern with those of growth characteristics. Chlorophyll content was highest in kale leaves subjected to UV-A LEDs with the peak wavelength of 395 nm at 3 days of treatment compared with the control. Total phenolic contents of UV-A LEDs with the peak wavelength of 395 nm at 5 and 6 days of treatment were 44% and 47% higher than those of the control, respectively. Antioxidant capacity showed almost the same pattern as the results of total phenol content. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was approximately 11% and 8% higher in the UV-A LEDs with the peak wavelength of 395 nm compared to the control at 5 and 6 days of treatment, respectively. Our results imply that the UV-A LEDs with relative longer peak wavelength were effective to improve growth as well as the content of bioactive compounds of kale plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20compounds" title="bioactive compounds">bioactive compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kale" title=" Kale"> Kale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-A%20LEDs" title=" UV-A LEDs"> UV-A LEDs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93190/enhancement-of-biomass-and-bioactive-compounds-in-kale-subjected-to-uv-a-led-lights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Ibuprofen in Ultrapure Water, Municipal and Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewaters Using a TiO2/UV-LED System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Jallouli">Nabil Jallouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luisa%20M.%20Pastrana-Mart%C3%ADnez"> Luisa M. Pastrana-Martínez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20R.%20Ribeiro"> Ana R. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuno%20F.%20F.%20Moreira"> Nuno F. F. Moreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joaquim%20L.%20Faria"> Joaquim L. Faria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olfa%20Hentati"> Olfa Hentati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adri%C3%A1n%20M.%20T.%20Silva"> Adrián M. T. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ksibi"> Mohamed Ksibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degradation and mineralization of ibuprofen (IBU) were investigated using Ultraviolet (UV) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in TiO2 photocatalysis. Samples of ultrapure water (UP) and a secondary treated effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), both spiked with IBU, as well as a highly concentrated IBU (230 mgL-1) pharmaceutical industry wastewater (PIWW), were tested in the TiO2/UV-LED system. Three operating parameters, namely, pH, catalyst load and number of LEDs were optimized. The process efficiency was evaluated in terms of IBU removal using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Additionally, the mineralization was investigated by determining the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. The chemical structures of transformation products were proposed based on the data obtained using liquid chromatography with a high resolution mass spectrometer ion trap/time-of-flight (LC-MS-IT-TOF). A possible pathway of IBU degradation was accordingly proposed. Bioassays were performed using the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri to evaluate the potential acute toxicity of original and treated wastewaters. TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalysis was efficient to remove IBU from UP and from PIWW, and less efficient in treating the wastewater from the municipal WWTP. The acute toxicity decreased by ca. 40% after treatment, regardless of the studied matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title="acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibuprofen" title=" Ibuprofen"> Ibuprofen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-LEDs" title=" UV-LEDs"> UV-LEDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewaters" title=" wastewaters"> wastewaters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76746/heterogeneous-photocatalytic-degradation-of-ibuprofen-in-ultrapure-water-municipal-and-pharmaceutical-industry-wastewaters-using-a-tio2uv-led-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> Design of a Low Cost Programmable LED Lighting System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abeysekera">S. Abeysekera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bazghaleh"> M. Bazghaleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20L.%20Ooi"> M. P. L. Ooi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20C.%20Kuang"> Y. C. Kuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Kalavally"> V. Kalavally</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smart LED-based lighting systems have significant advantages over traditional lighting systems due to their capability of producing tunable light spectrums on demand. The main challenge in the design of smart lighting systems is to produce sufficient luminous flux and uniformly accurate output spectrum for sufficiently broad area. This paper outlines the programmable LED lighting system design principles of design to achieve the two aims. In this paper, a seven-channel design using low-cost discrete LEDs is presented. Optimization algorithms are used to calculate the number of required LEDs, LEDs arrangements and optimum LED separation distance. The results show the illumination uniformity for each channel. The results also show that the maximum color error is below 0.0808 on the CIE1976 chromaticity scale. In conclusion, this paper considered the simulation and design of a seven-channel programmable lighting system using low-cost discrete LEDs to produce sufficient luminous flux and uniformly accurate output spectrum for sufficiently broad area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20spectrum%20control" title="light spectrum control">light spectrum control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEDs" title=" LEDs"> LEDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20lighting" title=" smart lighting"> smart lighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programmable%20LED%20lighting%20system" title=" programmable LED lighting system"> programmable LED lighting system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78099/design-of-a-low-cost-programmable-led-lighting-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> White Light Emission through Downconversion of Terbium and Europium Doped CEF3 Nanophosphors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohit%20Kalra">Mohit Kalra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varun%20S."> Varun S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayuri%20Gandhi"> Mayuri Gandhi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CeF3 nanophosphors has been extensively investigated in the recent years for lighting and numerous bio-applications. Down conversion emissions in CeF3:Eu3+/Tb3+ phosphors were studied with the aim of obtaining a white light emitting composition, by a simple co-precipitation method. The material was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Photoluminescence (PL). Uniformly distributed nanoparticles were obtained with an average particle size 8-10 nm. Different doping concentrations were performed and fluorescence study was carried out to optimize the dopants concentration for maximum luminescence intensity. The steady state and time resolved luminescence studies confirmed efficient energy transfer from the host to activator ions. Different concentrations of Tb 3+, Eu 3+ were doped to achieve a white light emitting phosphor for UV-based Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The nanoparticles showed characteristic emission of respective dopants (Eu 3+, Tb3+) when excited at the 4f→5d transition of Ce3+. The chromaticity coordinates for these samples were calculated and the CeF3 doped with Eu 3+ and Tb3+ gave an emission very close to white light. These materials may find its applications in optoelectronics and various bio applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20light%20down-conversion" title="white light down-conversion">white light down-conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanophosphors" title=" nanophosphors"> nanophosphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEDs" title=" LEDs"> LEDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20earth" title=" rare earth"> rare earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerium%20fluoride" title=" cerium fluoride"> cerium fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lanthanides" title=" lanthanides"> lanthanides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31682/white-light-emission-through-downconversion-of-terbium-and-europium-doped-cef3-nanophosphors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Simulation and Characterization of Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Organic Photovoltaics Using Physics Based Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20Shahul%20Hameed">T. A. Shahul Hameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Predeep"> P. Predeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anju%20Iqbal"> Anju Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Baiju"> M. R. Baiju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research and development in organic photovoltaic cells and Organic Light Emitting Diodes have gained wider acceptance due to the advent of many advanced techniques to enhance the efficiency and operational hours. Here we report our work on design, simulation and characterizationracterize the bulk heterojunction organic photo cell and polymer light emitting diodes in different layer configurations using ATLAS, a licensed device simulation tool. Bulk heterojuction and multilayer devices were simulated for comparing their performance parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOMO" title="HOMO">HOMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LUMO" title=" LUMO"> LUMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLED" title=" PLED"> PLED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPV" title=" OPV"> OPV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18873/simulation-and-characterization-of-organic-light-emitting-diodes-and-organic-photovoltaics-using-physics-based-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">585</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Visible Light Communication and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Sharif">Hamid Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazish%20Saleem%20Abbas"> Nazish Saleem Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Haris%20Jamil"> Muhammad Haris Jamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visible light communication is an emerging technology for almost a decade now; there is a growing need for VLC systems to overcome the challenges faced by radio frequency RF communication systems. With the advancement in the development of solid-state sources, in the future would replace incandescent and fluorescent light sources. These solid-state devices are not only to be used for illumination but can also be employed for communication and navigational purposes. The replacement of conventional illumination sources with highly efficient light-emitting diodes (LED's) (generally white light) will reduce energy consumption as well as environmental pollution. White LEDs dissipate very less power as compared to conventional light sources. The use of LED's is not only beneficial in terms of power consumption, but it also has an intrinsic capability for indoor wireless communication as compared to indoor RF communication. It is considerably low in cost to operate than the RF systems such as Wi-Fi routers, allows convenient means of reusing the bandwidth, and there is a huge potential for high data rate transmissions with enhanced data security. This paper provides an overview of some of the current challenges with VLC and proposes a possible solution to deal with these challenges; it also examines some joint protocols to optimize the joint illumination and communication functionality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visible%20light%20communication" title="visible light communication">visible light communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20of%20sight" title=" line of sight"> line of sight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20mean%20square%20delay%20spread" title=" root mean square delay spread"> root mean square delay spread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitting%20diodes" title=" light emitting diodes"> light emitting diodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167737/visible-light-communication-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Investigation of a Natural Convection Heat Sink for LEDs Based on Micro Heat Pipe Array-Rectangular Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Wang">Wei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaohua%20Zhao"> Yaohua Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanhua%20Diao"> Yanhua Diao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exponential growth of the lighting industry has rendered traditional thermal technologies inadequate for addressing the thermal management challenges inherent to high-power light-emitting diode (LED) technology. To enhance the thermal management of LEDs, this study proposes a heat sink configuration that integrates a miniature heat pipe array based on phase change technology with rectangular channels. The thermal performance of the heat sink was evaluated through experimental testing, and the results demonstrated that when the input power was 100W, 150W, and 200W, the temperatures of the LED substrate were 47.64℃, 56.78℃, and 69.06℃, respectively. Additionally, the maximum temperature difference of the MHPA in the vertical direction was observed to be 0.32℃, 0.30℃, and 0.30℃, respectively. The results demonstrate that the heat sink not only effectively dissipates the heat generated by the LEDs, but also exhibits excellent temperature uniformity. In consideration of the experimental measurement outcomes, a corresponding numerical model was developed as part of this study. Following the model validation, the effect of the structural parameters of the heat sink on its heat dissipation efficacy was examined through the use of response surface methodology (RSM) analysis. The rectangular channel width, channel height, channel length, number of channel cross-sections, and channel cross-section spacing were selected as the input parameters, while the LED substrate temperature and the total mass of the heat sink were regarded as the response variables. Subsequently, the response was subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), which yielded a regression model that predicted the response based on the input variables. This offers some direction for the design of the radiator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light-emitting%20diodes" title="light-emitting diodes">light-emitting diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pipe" title=" heat pipe"> heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188938/investigation-of-a-natural-convection-heat-sink-for-leds-based-on-micro-heat-pipe-array-rectangular-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Thermal Management of Ground Heat Exchangers Applied in High Power LED</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Ching%20Chiang">Yuan-Ching Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Yeh%20Hsu"> Chien-Yeh Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Chih-Hao"> Chen Chih-Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sih-Li%20Chen"> Sih-Li Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The p-n junction temperature of LEDs directly influences their operating life and luminous efficiency. An excessively high p-n junction temperature minimizes the output flux of LEDs, decreasing their brightness and influencing the photon wavelength; consequently, the operating life of LEDs decreases and their luminous output changes. The maximum limit of the p-n junction temperature of LEDs is approximately 120 °C. The purpose of this research was to devise an approach for dissipating heat generated in a confined space when LEDs operate at low temperatures to reduce light decay. The cooling mode of existing commercial LED lights can be divided into natural- and forced convection cooling. In natural convection cooling, the volume of LED encapsulants must be increased by adding more fins to increase the cooling area. However, this causes difficulties in achieving efficient LED lighting at high power. Compared with forced convection cooling, heat transfer through water convection is associated with a higher heat transfer coefficient per unit area; therefore, we dissipated heat by using a closed loop water cooling system. Nevertheless, cooling water exposed to air can be easily influenced by environmental factors. Thus, we incorporated a ground heat exchanger into the water cooling system to minimize the influence of air on cooling water and then observed the relationship between the amounts of heat dissipated through the ground and LED efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helical%20ground%20heat%20exchanger" title="helical ground heat exchanger">helical ground heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20power%20LED" title=" high power LED"> high power LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20source%20cooling%20system" title=" ground source cooling system"> ground source cooling system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20dissipation" title=" heat dissipation"> heat dissipation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34341/thermal-management-of-ground-heat-exchangers-applied-in-high-power-led" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> A Feasibility Study of Replacing High Pressure Mercury Vapor and Sodium Vapor Lamp Street Lighting Bulbs with LEDs in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusola%20Olorunfemi%20Bamisile">Olusola Olorunfemi Bamisile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Dagbasi"> Mustafa Dagbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serkan%20Abbasoglu"> Serkan Abbasoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Feasibility of an Energy Audit program is the main aim of this paper. LEDs are used to replace Sodium Vapor lamps and High Pressured Mercury Vapor lamps that are currently used for the street lighting system in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 44% of the fossil fuels imported into Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus are used for electricity generation which makes the reduction in the consumption of electricity very important. This project will save as much as 40,206,210 kWh on site annually and 121,837,000 kWh can be saved from source. The economic environmental and fossil fuels saving of this project is also evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation%20management" title="energy conservation management">energy conservation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEDs" title=" LEDs"> LEDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20vapor" title=" sodium vapor"> sodium vapor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20pressure%20mercury%20vapor" title=" high pressure mercury vapor"> high pressure mercury vapor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20costing" title=" life cycle costing"> life cycle costing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35706/a-feasibility-study-of-replacing-high-pressure-mercury-vapor-and-sodium-vapor-lamp-street-lighting-bulbs-with-leds-in-turkish-republic-of-northern-cyprus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> The Structural and Electrical Properties of Cadmium Implanted Silicon Diodes at Room Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20O.%20Bodunrin">J. O. Bodunrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Moloi"> S. J. Moloi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study reports on the x-ray crystallography (XRD) structure of cadmium-implanted p-type silicon, the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of unimplanted and cadmium-implanted silicon-based diodes. Cadmium was implanted at the energy of 160 KeV to the fluence of 10¹⁵ ion/cm². The results obtained indicate that the diodes were well fabricated, and the introduction of cadmium results in a change in behavior of the diodes from normal exponential to ohmic I-V behavior. The C-V measurements, on the other hand, show that the measured capacitance increased after cadmium doping due to the injected charge carriers. The doping density of the p-Si material and the device's Schottky barrier height was extracted, and the doping density of the undoped p-Si material increased after cadmium doping while the Schottky barrier height reduced. In general, the results obtained here are similar to those obtained on the diodes fabricated on radiation-hard material, indicating that cadmium is a promising metal dopant to improve the radiation hardness of silicon. Thus, this study would assist in adding possible options to improve the radiation hardness of silicon to be used in high energy physics experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title="cadmium">cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitance-voltage" title=" capacitance-voltage"> capacitance-voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current-voltage" title=" current-voltage"> current-voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20energy%20physics%20experiment" title=" high energy physics experiment"> high energy physics experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20crystallography" title=" x-ray crystallography"> x-ray crystallography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130038/the-structural-and-electrical-properties-of-cadmium-implanted-silicon-diodes-at-room-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Development of Perovskite Quantum Dots Light Emitting Diode by Dual-Source Evaporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antoine%20Dumont">Antoine Dumont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiji%20Hong"> Weiji Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng-Hong%20Lu"> Zheng-Hong Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are steadily becoming the new standard for luminescent display devices because of their energy efficiency and relatively low cost, and the purity of the light they emit. Our research focuses on the optical properties of the lead halide perovskite CsPbBr₃ and its family that is showing steadily improving performances in LEDs and solar cells. The objective of this work is to investigate CsPbBr₃ as an emitting layer made by physical vapor deposition instead of the usual solution-processed perovskites, for use in LEDs. The deposition in vacuum eliminates any risk of contaminants as well as the necessity for the use of chemical ligands in the synthesis of quantum dots. Initial results show the versatility of the dual-source evaporation method, which allowed us to create different phases in bulk form by altering the mole ratio or deposition rate of CsBr and PbBr₂. The distinct phases Cs₄PbBr₆, CsPbBr₃ and CsPb₂Br₅ – confirmed through XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and X-ray diffraction analysis – have different optical properties and morphologies that can be used for specific applications in optoelectronics. We are particularly focused on the blue shift expected from quantum dots (QDs) and the stability of the perovskite in this form. We already obtained proof of the formation of QDs through our dual source evaporation method with electron microscope imaging and photoluminescence testing, which we understand is a first in the community. We also incorporated the QDs in an LED structure to test the electroluminescence and the effect on performance and have already observed a significant wavelength shift. The goal is to reach 480nm after shifting from the original 528nm bulk emission. The hole transport layer (HTL) material onto which the CsPbBr₃ is evaporated is a critical part of this study as the surface energy interaction dictates the behaviour of the QD growth. A thorough study to determine the optimal HTL is in progress. A strong blue shift for a typically green emitting material like CsPbBr₃ would eliminate the necessity of using blue emitting Cl-based perovskite compounds and could prove to be more stable in a QD structure. The final aim is to make a perovskite QD LED with strong blue luminescence, fabricated through a dual-source evaporation technique that could be scalable to industry level, making this device a viable and cost-effective alternative to current commercial LEDs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20physics" title="material physics">material physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite" title=" perovskite"> perovskite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitting%20diode" title=" light emitting diode"> light emitting diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20vacuum%20deposition" title=" high vacuum deposition"> high vacuum deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film%20processing" title=" thin film processing "> thin film processing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107127/development-of-perovskite-quantum-dots-light-emitting-diode-by-dual-source-evaporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Spectroscopic Studies of Dy³⁺ Ions in Alkaline-Earth Boro Tellurite Glasses for Optoelectronic Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Swapna">K. Swapna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Series of Alkali-Earth Boro Tellurite (AEBT) glasses doped with different concentrations of Dy³⁺ ions have been prepared by using melt quenching technique and characterized through spectroscopic techniques such as optical absorption, excitation, emission and photoluminescence decay to understand their utility in optoelectronic devices such as lasers and white light emitting diodes (w-LEDs). Raman spectrum recorded for an undoped glass is used to measure the phonon energy of the host glass and various functional groups present in the host glass (AEBT). The intensities of the electronic transitions and the ligand environment around the Dy³⁺ ions were studied by applying Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory to the recorded absorption spectra of the glasses. The evaluated J-O parameters are subsequently used to measure various radiative parameters such as transition probability (AR), radiative branching ratio (βR) and radiative lifetimes (τR) for the prominent fluorescent levels of Dy³⁺ ions in the as-prepared glasses. The luminescence spectra recorded at 387 nm excitation show three emission transitions (⁴F9/2→⁶H15/2 (blue), ⁴F9/2→⁶H13/2 (yellow) and ⁴F9/2 → ⁶H11/2 (red)) of which the yellow transition observed at 575 nm is found to be highly intense. The experimental branching ratio (βexp) and stimulated emission crosssection (σse) were measured from luminescence spectra. The experimental lifetimes (τexp) measured from the decay spectral profiles are combined with radiative lifetimes to measure quantum efficiencies of the as-prepared glasses. The yellow to blue intensity ratios and chromaticity color coordinates are found to vary with Dy³⁺ ion concentrations. The aforementioned results reveal that these glasses are aptly suitable for w-LEDs and laser devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glasses" title="glasses">glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J-O%20parameters" title=" J-O parameters"> J-O parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence" title=" photoluminescence"> photoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-H%20model" title=" I-H model"> I-H model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88085/spectroscopic-studies-of-dy3-ions-in-alkaline-earth-boro-tellurite-glasses-for-optoelectronic-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Double Gaussian Distribution of Nonhomogeneous Barrier Height in Metal/n-type GaN Schottky Contacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mamor">M. Mamor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GaN-based compounds have attracted much interest in the fabrication of high-power, high speed and high-frequency electronic devices. Other examples of GaN-based applications are blue and ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). All these devices require high-quality ohmic and Schottky contacts. Gaining an understanding of the electrical characteristics of metal/GaN contacts is of fundamental and technological importance for developing GaN-based devices. In this work, the barrier characteristics of Pt and Pd Schottky contacts on n-type GaN were studied using temperature-dependent forward current-voltage (I-V) measurements over a wide temperature range 80–400 K. Our results show that the barrier height and ideality factor, extracted from the forward I-V characteristics based on thermionic emission (TE) model, exhibit an abnormal dependence with temperature; i.e., by increasing temperature, the barrier height increases whereas the ideality factor decreases. This abnormal behavior has been explained based on the TE model by considering the presence of double Gaussian distribution (GD) of nonhomogeneous barrier height at the metal/GaN interface. However, in the high-temperature range (160-400 K), the extracted value for the effective Richardson constant A* based on the barrier inhomogeneity (BHi) model is found in fair agreement with the theoretically predicted value of about 26.9 A.cm-2 K-2 for n-type GaN. This result indicates that in this temperature range, the conduction current transport is dominated by the thermionic emission mode. On the other hand, in the lower temperature range (80-160 K), the corresponding effective Richardson constant value according to the BHi model is lower than the theoretical value, suggesting the presence of other current transport, such as tunneling-assisted mode at lower temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20diodes" title="Schottky diodes">Schottky diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhomogeneous%20barrier%20height" title=" inhomogeneous barrier height"> inhomogeneous barrier height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN%20semiconductors" title=" GaN semiconductors"> GaN semiconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20barrier%20heights" title=" Schottky barrier heights"> Schottky barrier heights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179086/double-gaussian-distribution-of-nonhomogeneous-barrier-height-in-metaln-type-gan-schottky-contacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Characterization of current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage–frequency (C–V–f) features of Au/GaN Schottky diodes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Rabehi">Abdelaziz Rabehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Au/GaN Schottky diodes were measured at room temperature. In addition, capacitance–voltage–frequency (C–V–f) characteristics are investigated by considering the interface states (Nss) at frequency range 100 kHz to 1 MHz. From the I–V characteristics of the Schottky diode, ideality factor (n) and barrier height (Φb) values of 1.22 and 0.56 eV, respectively, were obtained from a forward bias I–V plot. In addition, the interface states distribution profile as a function of (Ess − Ev) was extracted from the forward bias I–V measurements by taking into account the bias dependence of the effective barrier height (Φe) for the Schottky diode. The C–V curves gave a barrier height value higher than those obtained from I–V measurements. This discrepancy is due to the different nature of the I–V and C–V measurement techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20diodes" title="Schottky diodes">Schottky diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20dependence" title=" frequency dependence"> frequency dependence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier%20height" title=" barrier height"> barrier height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20states" title=" interface states "> interface states </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5577/characterization-of-current-voltage-i-v-and-capacitance-voltage-frequency-c-v-f-features-of-augan-schottky-diodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Nighttime Power Generation Using Thermoelectric Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Alajlan">Abdulrahman Alajlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While the sun serves as a robust energy source, the frigid conditions of outer space present promising prospects for nocturnal power generation due to its continuous accessibility during nighttime hours. This investigation illustrates a proficient methodology facilitating uninterrupted energy capture throughout the day. This method involves the utilization of water-based heat storage systems and radiative thermal emitters implemented across thermometric devices. Remarkably, this approach permits an enhancement of nighttime power generation that exceeds the level of 1 Wm-2, which is unattainable by alternative methodologies. Outdoor experiments conducted at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) have demonstrated unparalleled performance, surpassing prior experimental benchmarks by nearly an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the developed device exhibits the capacity to concurrently supply power to multiple light-emitting diodes, thereby showcasing practical applications for nighttime power generation. This research unveils opportunities for the creation of scalable and efficient 24-hour power generation systems based on thermoelectric devices. Central findings from this study encompass the realization of continuous 24-hour power generation from clean and sustainable energy sources. Theoretical analyses indicate the potential for nighttime power generation reaching up to 1 Wm-2, while experimental results have reached nighttime power generation at a density of 0.5 Wm-2. Additionally, the efficiency of multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been evaluated when powered by the nighttime output of the integrated thermoelectric generator (TEG). Therefore, this methodology exhibits promise for practical applications, particularly in lighting, marking a pivotal advancement in the utilization of renewable energy for both on-grid and off-grid scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nighttime%20power%20generation" title="nighttime power generation">nighttime power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectric%20devices" title=" thermoelectric devices"> thermoelectric devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiative%20cooling" title=" radiative cooling"> radiative cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20management" title=" thermal management"> thermal management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179075/nighttime-power-generation-using-thermoelectric-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Reconfigurable Multiband Meandered Line Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Rama%20Krishna">D. Rama Krishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Pandu%20Rangaiah"> Y. Pandu Rangaiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design of multiband reconfigurable antenna using PIN diodes for four iterations and all the four iterations have been validated by measuring return loss and pattern measurements of developed prototype antenna. The simulated and experimental data have demonstrated the concepts of a multiband reconfigurable antenna by switching OFF and ON of PIN diodes for multiple band frequencies. The technique has taken the advantage of a different number of radiating lengths with the use of PIN diode switches, each configuration resonating at multiband frequencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20reconfigurable" title="frequency reconfigurable">frequency reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meandered%20line%20multiband%20antenna" title=" meandered line multiband antenna"> meandered line multiband antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIN%20diode" title=" PIN diode"> PIN diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiband%20frequencies" title=" multiband frequencies"> multiband frequencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10408/reconfigurable-multiband-meandered-line-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Flexible and Color Tunable Inorganic Light Emitting Diode Array for High Resolution Optogenetic Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keundong%20Lee">Keundong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongha%20Yoo"> Dongha Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngbin%20Tchoe"> Youngbin Tchoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyu-Chul%20Yi"> Gyu-Chul Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light emitting diode (LED) array is an ideal optical stimulation tool for optogenetics, which controls inhibition and excitation of specific neurons with light-sensitive ion channels or pumps. Although a ﬁber-optic cable with an external light source, either a laser or LED mechanically connected to the end of the ﬁber-optic cable has widely been used for illumination on neural tissue, a new approach to use micro LEDs (µLEDs) has recently been demonstrated. The LEDs can be placed directly either on the cortical surface or within the deep brain using a penetrating depth probe. Accordingly, this method would not need a permanent opening in the skull if the LEDs are integrated with miniature electrical power source and wireless communication. In addition, multiple color generation from single µLED cell would enable to excite and/or inhibit neurons in localized regions. Here, we demonstrate flexible and color tunable µLEDs for the optogenetic device applications. The flexible and color tunable LEDs was fabricated using multifaceted gallium nitride (GaN) nanorod arrays with GaN nanorods grown on InxGa1−xN/GaN single quantum well structures (SQW) anisotropically formed on the nanorod tips and sidewalls. For various electroluminescence (EL) colors, current injection paths were controlled through a continuous p-GaN layer depending on the applied bias voltage. The electric current was injected through different thickness and composition, thus changing the color of light from red to blue that the LED emits. We believe that the flexible and color tunable µLEDs enable us to control activities of the neuron by emitting various colors from the single µLED cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitting%20diode" title="light emitting diode">light emitting diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optogenetics" title=" optogenetics"> optogenetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20optoelectronics" title=" flexible optoelectronics"> flexible optoelectronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72857/flexible-and-color-tunable-inorganic-light-emitting-diode-array-for-high-resolution-optogenetic-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> New Design of a Broadband Microwave Zero Bias Power Limiter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Echchakhaoui">K. Echchakhaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Abdelmounim"> E. Abdelmounim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bennis"> H. Bennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ababssi"> N. Ababssi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a new design of a broadband microwave power limiter is presented and validated into simulation by using ADS software (Advanced Design System) from Agilent technologies. The final circuit is built on microstrip lines by using identical Zero Bias Schottky diodes. The power limiter is designed by Associating 3 stages Schottky diodes. The obtained simulation results permit to validate this circuit with a threshold input power level of 0 dBm until a maximum input power of 30 dBm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Limiter" title="Limiter">Limiter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip" title=" microstrip"> microstrip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-biais" title=" zero-biais"> zero-biais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADS" title=" ADS"> ADS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17068/new-design-of-a-broadband-microwave-zero-bias-power-limiter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Ferromagnetic Ni-Cu Alloys for Thermal Rectification Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josue%20Javier%20Martinez%20Flores">Josue Javier Martinez Flores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20Alvarez%20Quintana"> Jaime Alvarez Quintana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A thermal rectifier consists of a device which can load a different heat flow which depends on the direction of that flow. That device is a thermal diode. It is well known that heat transfer in solids basically depends on the electrical, magnetic and crystalline nature of materials via electrons, magnons and phonons as thermal energy carriers respectively. In the present research, we have synthesized polycrystalline Ni-Cu alloys and identified the Curie temperatures; and we have observed that by way of secondary phase transitions, it is possible manipulate the heat conduction in solid state thermal diodes via transition temperature. In this sense, we have succeeded in developing solid state thermal diodes with a control gate through the Curie temperature via the activation and deactivation of magnons in Ni-Cu ferromagnetic alloys at room temperature. Results show thermal diodes with thermal rectification factors up to 1.5. Besides, the performance of the electrical rectifiers can be controlled by way of alloy Cu content; hence, lower Cu content alloys present enhanced thermal rectifications factors than higher ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20rectification" title="thermal rectification">thermal rectification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Curie%20temperature" title=" Curie temperature"> Curie temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferromagnetic%20alloys" title=" ferromagnetic alloys"> ferromagnetic alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnons" title=" magnons"> magnons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71896/synthesis-and-characterization-of-ferromagnetic-ni-cu-alloys-for-thermal-rectification-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Temperature Dependence of the Optoelectronic Properties of InAs(Sb)-Based LED Heterostructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonina%20Semakova">Antonina Semakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Mynbaev"> Karim Mynbaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolai%20Bazhenov"> Nikolai Bazhenov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Chernyaev"> Anton Chernyaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20Kizhaev"> Sergei Kizhaev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolai%20Stoyanov"> Nikolai Stoyanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, heterostructures are used for fabrication of almost all types of optoelectronic devices. Our research focuses on the optoelectronic properties of InAs(Sb) solid solutions that are widely used in fabrication of light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in middle wavelength infrared range (MWIR). This spectral range (2-6 μm) is relevant for laser diode spectroscopy of gases and molecules, for systems for the detection of explosive substances, medical applications, and for environmental monitoring. The fabrication of MWIR LEDs that operate efficiently at room temperature is mainly hindered by the predominance of non-radiative Auger recombination of charge carriers over the process of radiative recombination, which makes practical application of LEDs difficult. However, non-radiative recombination can be partly suppressed in quantum-well structures. In this regard, studies of such structures are quite topical. In this work, electroluminescence (EL) of LED heterostructures based on InAs(Sb) epitaxial films with the molar fraction of InSb ranging from 0 to 0.09 and multi quantum-well (MQW) structures was studied in the temperature range 4.2-300 K. The growth of the heterostructures was performed by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on InAs substrates. On top of the active layer, a wide-bandgap InAsSb(Ga,P) barrier was formed. At low temperatures (4.2-100 K) stimulated emission was observed. As the temperature increased, the emission became spontaneous. The transition from stimulated emission to spontaneous one occurred at different temperatures for structures with different InSb contents in the active region. The temperature-dependent carrier lifetime, limited by radiative recombination and the most probable Auger processes (for the materials under consideration, CHHS and CHCC), were calculated within the framework of the Kane model. The effect of various recombination processes on the carrier lifetime was studied, and the dominant role of Auger processes was established. For MQW structures quantization energies for electrons, light and heavy holes were calculated. A characteristic feature of the experimental EL spectra of these structures was the presence of peaks with energy different from that of calculated optical transitions between the first quantization levels for electrons and heavy holes. The obtained results showed strong effect of the specific electronic structure of InAsSb on the energy and intensity of optical transitions in nanostructures based on this material. For the structure with MQWs in the active layer, a very weak temperature dependence of EL peak was observed at high temperatures (>150 K), which makes it attractive for fabricating temperature-resistant gas sensors operating in the middle-infrared range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electroluminescence" title="Electroluminescence">Electroluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAsSb" title=" InAsSb"> InAsSb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20emitting%20diode" title=" light emitting diode"> light emitting diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20wells" title=" quantum wells"> quantum wells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122314/temperature-dependence-of-the-optoelectronic-properties-of-inassb-based-led-heterostructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Grid Connected Photovoltaic Micro Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Bindhu">S. J. Bindhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwina%20G.%20Rodrigues"> Edwina G. Rodrigues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jijo%20Balakrishnan"> Jijo Balakrishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) micro inverter with good performance properties is proposed in this paper. The proposed inverter with a quadrupler, having more efficiency and less voltage stress across the diodes. The stress that come across the diodes that use in the inverter section is considerably low in the proposed converter, also the protection scheme that we provided can eliminate the chances of the error due to fault. The proposed converter is implemented using perturb and observe algorithm so that the fluctuation in the voltage can be reduce and can attain maximum power point. Finally, some simulation and experimental results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20converter" title="DC-DC converter">DC-DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT" title=" MPPT"> MPPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrupler" title=" quadrupler"> quadrupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20panel" title=" PV panel"> PV panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53399/grid-connected-photovoltaic-micro-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">842</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> A Study of Semantic Analysis of LED Illustrated Traffic Directional Arrow in Different Style</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chen%20Wu">Chia-Chen Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Fu%20Wu"> Chih-Fu Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pey-Weng%20Lien"> Pey-Weng Lien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai-Chieh%20Lin"> Kai-Chieh Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past, the most comprehensively adopted light source was incandescent light bulbs, but with the appearance of LED light sources, traditional light sources have been gradually replaced by LEDs because of its numerous superior characteristics. However, many of the standards do not apply to LEDs as the two light sources are characterized differently. This also intensifies the significance of studies on LEDs. As a Kansei design study investigating the visual glare produced by traffic arrows implemented with LEDs, this study conducted a semantic analysis on the styles of traffic arrows used in domestic and international occasions. The results will be able to reduce drivers’ misrecognition that results in the unsuccessful arrival at the destination, or in traffic accidents. This study started with a literature review and surveyed the status quo before conducting experiments that were divided in two parts. The first part involved a screening experiment of arrow samples, where cluster analysis was conducted to choose five representative samples of LED displays. The second part was a semantic experiment on the display of arrows using LEDs, where the five representative samples and the selected ten adjectives were incorporated. Analyzing the results with Quantification Theory Type I, it was found that among the composition of arrows, fletching was the most significant factor that influenced the adjectives. In contrast, a “no fletching” design was more abstract and vague. It lacked the ability to convey the intended message and might bear psychological negative connotation including “dangerous,” “forbidden,” and “unreliable.” The arrow design consisting of “> shaped fletching” was found to be more concrete and definite, showing positive connotation including “safe,” “cautious,” and “reliable.” When a stimulus was placed at a farther distance, the glare could be significantly reduced; moreover, the visual evaluation scores would be higher. On the contrary, if the fletching and the shaft had a similar proportion, looking at the stimuli caused higher evaluation at a closer distance. The above results will be able to be applied to the design of traffic arrows by conveying information definitely and rapidly. In addition, drivers’ safety could be enhanced by understanding the cause of glare and improving visual recognizability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED" title="LED">LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrow" title=" arrow"> arrow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kansei%20research" title=" Kansei research"> Kansei research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preferred%20imagery" title=" preferred imagery"> preferred imagery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11723/a-study-of-semantic-analysis-of-led-illustrated-traffic-directional-arrow-in-different-style" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Effects of Magnetic Field on 4H-SiC P-N Junctions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khimmatali%20Nomozovich%20Juraev">Khimmatali Nomozovich Juraev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silicon carbide is one of the promising materials with potential applications in electronic devices using high power, high frequency and high electric field. Currently, silicon carbide is used to manufacture high power and frequency diodes, transistors, radiation detectors, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and other functional devices. In this work, the effects of magnetic field on p-n junctions based on 4H-SiC were experimentally studied. As a research material, monocrystalline silicon carbide wafers (Cree Research, Inc., USA) with relatively few growth defects grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) method were used: Nd dislocations 104 cm², Nm micropipes ~ 10–10² cm-², thickness ~ 300-600 μm, surface ~ 0.25 cm², resistivity ~ 3.6–20 Ωcm, the concentration of background impurities Nd − Na ~ (0.5–1.0)×1017cm-³. The initial parameters of the samples were determined on a Hall Effect Measurement System HMS-7000 (Ecopia) measuring device. Diffusing Ni nickel atoms were covered to the silicon surface of silicon carbide in a Universal Vacuum Post device at a vacuum of 10-⁵ -10-⁶ Torr by thermal sputtering and kept at a temperature of 600-650°C for 30 minutes. Then Ni atoms were diffused into the silicon carbide 4H-SiC sample at a temperature of 1150-1300°C by low temperature diffusion method in an air atmosphere, and the effects of the magnetic field on the I-V characteristics of the samples were studied. I-V characteristics of silicon carbide 4H-SiC<Ni> p-n junction sample were measured in the magnetic field and in the absence of a magnetic field. The measurements were carried out under conditions where the magnitude of the magnetic field induction vector was 0.5 T. In the state, the direction of the current flowing through the diode is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. From the obtained results, it can be seen that the magnetic field significantly affects the I-V characteristics of the p-n junction in the magnetic field when it is measured in the forward direction. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the change of the magnetic resistance of the sample of silicon carbide 4H-SiC<Ni> p-n junction was determined. It was found that changing the magnetic field poles increases the direct forward current of the p-n junction or decreases it when the field direction changes. These unique electrical properties of the 4H-SiC<Ni> p-n junction sample of silicon carbide, that is, the change of the sample's electrical properties in a magnetic field, makes it possible to fabricate magnetic field sensing devices based on silicon carbide to use at harsh environments in future. So far, the productions of silicon carbide magnetic detectors are not available in the industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4H-SiC" title="4H-SiC">4H-SiC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20Ni" title=" diffusion Ni"> diffusion Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects%20of%20magnetic%20field" title=" effects of magnetic field"> effects of magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-V%20characteristics" title=" I-V characteristics"> I-V characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161026/effects-of-magnetic-field-on-4h-sic-p-n-junctions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads 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