CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Russisk – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"52b1c848-8d63-4da7-8d7d-d4e65eecb8dc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Russisk","wgTitle":"Russisk","wgCurRevisionId":24665880,"wgRevisionId":24665880,"wgArticleId":20466,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Artikler som trenger referanser","Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata","Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata","1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha","Russisk","Slaviske språk","Språk i Belarus","Språk i Israel","Språk i Kina","Språk i Kirgisistan","Språk i Mongolia","Språk i Russland","Språk i USA"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Russisk","wgRelevantArticleId":20466, "wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7737","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.link-missing-label","ext.gadget.new-section", "ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/1200px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/800px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/640px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Russisk – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Russisk rootpage-Russisk skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Russisk" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Russisk" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Russisk" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Russisk" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klassifikasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klassifikasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klassifikasjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klassifikasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografisk_forflytning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografisk_forflytning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografisk forflytning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografisk_forflytning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Geografisk forflytning</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografisk_forflytning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Offisiell_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offisiell_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Offisiell status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offisiell_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialekter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialekter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dialekter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialekter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avledede_språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avledede_språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Avledede språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avledede_språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skriftspråk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skriftspråk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Skriftspråk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Skriftspråk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Skriftspråk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Skriftspråk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ortografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ortografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ortografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonetikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonetikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fonetikk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonetikk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Fonetikk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonetikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammatikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokabular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokabular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vokabular</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vokabular-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Vokabular</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vokabular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Banning_og_fornærmelser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banning_og_fornærmelser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Banning og fornærmelser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banning_og_fornærmelser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordtak_og_andre_uttrykk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordtak_og_andre_uttrykk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ordtak og andre uttrykk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordtak_og_andre_uttrykk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie_og_eksempler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie_og_eksempler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Historie og eksempler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie_og_eksempler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relaterte_artikler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relaterte_artikler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Relaterte artikler</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relaterte_artikler-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Relaterte artikler</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relaterte_artikler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Språkbeskrivelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språkbeskrivelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Språkbeskrivelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Språkbeskrivelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relaterte_språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relaterte_språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Relaterte språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relaterte_språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Russisk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 252 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-252" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">252 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk_(sprog)" title="Russisk (sprog) – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Russisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Russiskt mál – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Russiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssneska" title="Rússneska – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rússneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Урысыбзэ – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Урысыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russies" title="Russies – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил – søraltaisk" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="søraltaisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="መስኮብኛ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መስኮብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C3%A2kiel%C3%A2" title="Ruošâkielâ – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruošâkielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Russisc sprǣc – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Russisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аурыс бызшәа – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аурыс бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الروسية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الروسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܪܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերէն – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռուսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo" title="Russo – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Russo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰুছ ভাষা – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰুছ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma rusu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrusia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Rrusiañe'ẽ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rrusiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="ГӀурус мацӀ – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀурус мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi_aru" title="Rusi aru – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rusi aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="روس دیلی – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="রুশ ভাষা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-se-a-g%C3%AD" title="Lō͘-se-a-gí – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-se-a-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%AB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Урыҫ теле – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урыҫ теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Руская мова – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Расейская мова – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расейская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruso" title="Ruso – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toktok_Rusia" title="Toktok Rusia – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Toktok Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски език – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sproch" title="Russische Sproch – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Russische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusianeg" title="Rusianeg – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rusianeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Орос хэлэн – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Орос хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Вырăс чĕлхи – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вырăс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirhashiya" title="Chirhashiya – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirhashiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwseg" title="Rwseg – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="روسية – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روسية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1agiella" title="Ruoššagiella – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruoššagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Sprache" title="Russische Sprache – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%A9" title="ރޫސީ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރޫސީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_bizaad" title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Rusojska rěc – lavsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rusojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lavsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene_keel" title="Vene keel – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vene keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ρωσική γλώσσα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3ss" title="Róss – emiliano-romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Róss" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiliano-romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кель – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Рузонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma ruso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_lingvo" title="Rusa lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان روسی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان روسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russi_bhasa" title="Russi bhasa – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Russi bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russysk" title="Russysk – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Russysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riisinkoore" title="Riisinkoore – fulfulde" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Riisinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulfulde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_russe" title="Lenghe russe – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe russe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%BAisis" title="An Rúisis – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rúisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooshish" title="Rooshish – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooshish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – gagausisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagausisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruisis" title="Ruisis – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ruisis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rusa" title="Lingua rusa – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua rusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Эрсий мотт – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эрсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="رۊسي زوؤن – gileki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="رۊسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gileki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2-l%C3%B2-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-ng%C3%AE" title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngò-lò-sṳ̂-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Орс келн – kalmukkisk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Орс келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="러시아어 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashanci" title="Rashanci – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rashanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_L%C5%ABkini" title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Lūkini" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռուսերեն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Rušćina – høysorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rušćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høysorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa_linguo" title="Rusa linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rusa linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Ruso" title="Pagsasao a Ruso – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Ruso" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russe" title="Lingua russe – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua russe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruusitun_uqautchiq" title="Uruusitun uqautchiq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uruusitun uqautchiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уырыссаг æвзаг – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уырыссаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiRashiya" title="IsiRashiya – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiRashiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רוסית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ruslan" title="Basa Ruslan – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Ruslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusii_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruusii kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Орус тил – karatsjajbalkarsk" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Орус тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatsjajbalkarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ენა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روٗسی زَبان – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Rusczi jãzëk – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rusczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Орыс тілі – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орыс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russek" title="Russek – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Russek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusiya" title="Kirusiya – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kirusiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusi" title="Kirusi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kirusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirusia" title="Kirusia – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kirusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiava" title="Rossiava – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rossiava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_ris" title="Lang ris – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang ris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ris" title="Ris – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ris" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_r%C3%BBs%C3%AE" title="Zimanê rûsî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê rûsî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Орус тили – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орус тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Руш йӹлмӹ – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руш йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_rus" title="Lingaz rus – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz rus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – jødespansk" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="jødespansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Оьрус маз – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Оьрус маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາລັດເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%ABvu_vol%C5%ABda" title="Krīvu volūda – latgallisk" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Krīvu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgallisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Russica" title="Lingua Russica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Russica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievu_valoda" title="Krievu valoda – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russesch" title="Russesch – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Russesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Урус чӀал – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урус чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ruscia" title="Lengua ruscia – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusce_(lingua)" title="Rusce (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rusce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%27an_kieli" title="Ven'an kieli – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ven'an kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukybau" title="rukybau – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosz_nyelv" title="Orosz nyelv – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orosz nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски јазик – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_rosiana" title="Fiteny rosiana – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny rosiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റഷ്യൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Russa" title="Lingwa Russa – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Russa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABhia" title="Reo Rūhia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रशियन भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რუსული ნინა – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="روسى – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Rusia" title="Bahaso Rusia – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Rusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%B2%CC%A4-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄ – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рузонь кяль – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рузонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Орос хэл – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Орос хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှားဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रुसी भाषा – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसी भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रूसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="ロシア語 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_russa" title="Lengua russa – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua russa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Оьрсийн мотт – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Оьрсийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCsk_spriak" title="Rüsk spriak – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rüsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rushan" title="Rushan – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Rushan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusum" title="Rusum – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rusum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus" title="Rus – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Руш йылме – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_R%C3%BAso" title="Salitan Rúso – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Rúso" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiya_a_Sowal" title="Rosiya a Sowal – amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rosiya a Sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="روسی – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiano" title="Rusiano – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Rusiano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="روسي ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshan_languij" title="Roshan languij – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Roshan languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Роч кыв – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Роч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសារុស្ស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russe" title="Russe – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Russe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_russa" title="Lenga russa – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga russa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Rasia" title="Tok Rasia – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Rasia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Spraak" title="Russische Spraak – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Russische Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_rosyjski" title="Język rosyjski – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język rosyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_russa" title="Língua russa – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua russa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_tili" title="Rus tili – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Rus tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C5%ABtia" title="Reo Rūtia – tahitisk" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Rūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba rusă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusikani_chhib" title="Rusikani chhib – valakisk romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Rusikani chhib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="valakisk romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusu_simi" title="Rusu simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rusu simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Російскый язык – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Російскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Русский язык – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Русский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нуучча тыла – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нуучча тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Rusia" title="Faʻa Rusia – samoansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूसीभाषा – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रूसीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_russa" title="Limba russa – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba russa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roushie_leid" title="Roushie leid – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roushie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serussian" title="Serussian – nord-sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Serussian" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nord-sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_ruse" title="Gjuha ruse – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha ruse" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua russa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="روسي ٻولي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Ruščina – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – kirkeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Роусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Ruskŏ gŏdka – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ruskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ruush" title="Af-Ruush – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ruush" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمانی ڕووسی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ڕووسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusitongo" title="Rusitongo – sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Rusitongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски језик – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_jezik" title="Ruski jezik – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rusia" title="Basa Rusia – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_kieli" title="Venäjän kieli – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ruso" title="Wikang Ruso – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ruso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உருசிய மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tarusit" title="Tutlayt Tarusit – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_tarusit" title="Tutlayt tarusit – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt tarusit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_russe" title="Lènga russe – tarantinsk" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga russe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="tarantinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Рус теле – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рус теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="రష్యన్ భాష – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రష్యన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-rusu" title="Lia-rusu – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-rusu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษารัสเซีย – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษารัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони русӣ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони русӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1hk%C8%AFhehetanetse" title="Náhkȯhehetanetse – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Náhkȯhehetanetse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_dili" title="Rus dili – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Rus dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshiya_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Roshiya (a̱lyem) – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Roshiya (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Орус дыл – tuvinsk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Орус дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%9E%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Ӟуч кыл – udmurtisk" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ӟуч кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Російська мова – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Російська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روسی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="رۇس تىلى – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_rusa" title="Łéngua rusa – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua rusa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4n_kel%27" title="Venän kel' – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venän kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Nga" title="Tiếng Nga – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Rusänapük – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rusänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinne_kiil" title="Vinne kiil – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vinne kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBsse_(lingaedje)" title="Rûsse (lingaedje) – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rûsse (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E" title="俄語 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="俄語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Russisch" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinuso" title="Rinuso – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rinuso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A9" title="רוסיש – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוסיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_R%E1%BB%8D%CC%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Èdè Rọ́síà – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Rọ́síà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%96%87" title="俄文 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski" title="Ruski – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ruski" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosu_kalba" title="Rosu kalba – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rosu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Rus" title="Basa Rus – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Rus" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Rusia" title="Saro Rusia – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Rusia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Rusia" title="Boros Rusia – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Rusia" title="Jaku Rusia – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Rusia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Rusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusi_zyvon" title="Urusi zyvon – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Urusi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ – standard marrokansk tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standard marrokansk tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7737#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russisk" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Russisk" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russisk"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Russisk"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Russisk" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Russisk" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&oldid=24665880" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Russisk&id=24665880&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRussisk"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRussisk"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Russisk&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1005" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7737" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i><b>Russisk</b> kan også referere til landet <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>, folkeslaget <a href="/wiki/Russere" title="Russere">russere</a> eller en <a href="/wiki/Russisk_(sjakk%C3%A5pning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russisk (sjakkåpning)">sjakkåpning</a></i></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks bred"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Russisk</th></tr><tr class="hode"><th colspan="4">русский язык‎ </th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Russian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russian.svg/250px-Russian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russian.svg/375px-Russian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russian.svg/500px-Russian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/250px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/375px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg/500px-Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Brukt i</th><td colspan="2">Russland<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ecd1609e29682806f58dd4388df0f4db251f2a7e-v2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ecd1609e29682806f58dd4388df0f4db251f2a7e-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Antall brukere</th><td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">154 000 000</span> <span style="font-size:85%">(2019)</span><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-fa2f7ffa50d0de320fe2959898558e899d652d79-v2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-fa2f7ffa50d0de320fe2959898558e899d652d79-v2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamilie" title="Språkfamilie">Lingvistisk<br />klassifikasjon</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk">Indoeuropeisk</a><br /><span style="margin-left:.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviske språk">Slavisk</a></span><br /><span style="margin-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stslaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Østslaviske språk">Østslavisk</a></span><br /><span style="margin-left:1.5em;"><b>Russisk</b></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem">Skriftsystem</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Det_russiske_alfabetet" title="Det russiske alfabetet">det russiske alfabetet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Det_kyrilliske_alfabetet" title="Det kyrilliske alfabetet">det kyrilliske alfabetet</a> </td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Offisiell status</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Offisielt i</th><td colspan="2"><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland"><img alt="Russlands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a></span><br /><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus’ flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></span><br /><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan"><img alt="Kasakhstans flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a></span><br /><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan"><img alt="Kirgisistans flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a></span><br /><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia"><img alt="Abkhasias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia">Abkhasia</a> <br /> <span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Ossetia" title="Sør-Ossetia"><img alt="Sør-Ossetias flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Ossetia" title="Sør-Ossetia">Sør-Ossetia</a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Normert av</th><td colspan="2">Russisk språkinstitutt</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Språkkoder</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/ru">ru</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/rus">rus</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/rus">rus</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Glottolog</th><td colspan="2" class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/russ1263">russ1263</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center wikipedia-lenke"><hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="lenke=::"><img alt="lenke=::" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/15px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/23px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ru:">Wikipedia på russisk</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kategori:russisk" title="wikt:Kategori:russisk"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kategori:Russisk" class="extiw" title="wikt:Kategori:Russisk">Russisk på Wiktionary</a><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Russisk</b> (<span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Ru-russkiy_jizyk.ogg" class="internal" title="Ru-russkiy jizyk.ogg"><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">русский язык</span></a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small><sup><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Multimedia" title="Hjelp:Multimedia">hjelp</a>•<a href="/wiki/Fil:Ru-russkiy_jizyk.ogg" title="Fil:Ru-russkiy jizyk.ogg">info</a></sup></small></span>; <a href="/wiki/Det_internasjonale_fonetiske_alfabetet" title="Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet">IPA</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19918143">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Code2000","MV Boli","MS Mincho","Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk]</span>) er det mest brukte og utbredte av de <a href="/wiki/Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviske språk">slaviske språkene</a>. Som slavisk språk tilhører russisk den <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk">indoeuropeiske språkfamilien</a>, og er derfor beslektet med språk som <a href="/wiki/Norsk" title="Norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persisk" title="Persisk">persisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a>. </p><p>Mens det har bevart mye av sin gamle syntetisk-infleksjonelle struktur og et slavisk ordforråd, bruker moderne russisk mange internasjonale lånord innen politikk, vitenskap og teknologi. Siden det var et viktig språk i andre halvdel av 1900-tallet som følge av <a href="/wiki/Josef_Stalin" title="Josef Stalin">Stalins</a> okkupasjon av mange europeiske land, ble russisk et av de offisielle språkene i <a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">FN</a>. Etter 1990 og frigjøringen av landene som tidligere var okkupert av Sovjetunionen, har russisk mistet det meste av sin betydning utenfor <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klassifikasjon">Klassifikasjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Klassifikasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klassifikasjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russisk er et <a href="/wiki/Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviske språk">slavisk</a> språk i den <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropeisk">indoeuropeiske</a> familien. </p><p>Talespråklig er det nærmest beslektet med <a href="/wiki/Belarusisk" title="Belarusisk">belarusisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ukrainsk" title="Ukrainsk">ukrainsk</a>, som er de to andre nasjonalspråkene i den <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stslaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Østslaviske språk">østslaviske språkgruppen</a>. </p><p>Grunnvokabularet, prinsippene for orddannelse, og i noen grad bøyninger og litterær stil i russisk er blitt påvirket av <a href="/wiki/Kirkeslavisk" title="Kirkeslavisk">kirkeslavisk</a>, som er en tilpasset variant av det <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8rslaviske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sørslaviske språk (ikke skrevet ennå)">sørslaviske</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Gammelkirkeslavisk" title="Gammelkirkeslavisk">gammelkirkeslavisk</a> som ble brukt av <a href="/wiki/Den_russisk-ortodokse_kirke" title="Den russisk-ortodokse kirke">den russisk-ortodokse kirke</a>. Mange ord i moderne russisk litteratur er nærmere i formen til <a href="/wiki/Bulgarsk" title="Bulgarsk">bulgarsk</a> enn til ukrainsk eller belarusisk. De østslaviske formene er stort sett blitt bevart i de ulike dialektene. I noen tilfeller brukes både østslaviske og kirkeslaviske former, bare med litt ulik betydning.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Det er blitt argumentert for at hele det litterære språket grunnleggende bygger på <a href="/wiki/Kirkeslavisk" title="Kirkeslavisk">kirkeslavisk</a>. Andre har tatt dette argumentet et skritt videre og gjort gjeldende et omstridt forslag om at <a href="/wiki/Bulgarsk" title="Bulgarsk">bulgarsk</a> bør anses som det språk som ligger nærmest russisk. Forholdet mellom russisk og kirkeslavisk er blitt hovedpunktet i den vitenskapelige debatten innen russisk <a href="/wiki/Filologi" title="Filologi">filologi</a>, som gjennom det 20. århundre (helt siden før <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">sovjetperioden</a>) har hatt tendenser til å dra et skarpt skille mellom de to. </p><p>Uten tvil har alle de tre språkene i den østslaviske gruppen påvirket hverandre. Synet på denne påvirkningen har forandret seg i tråd med den politiske utviklingen, og russiske, ukrainske og belarusiske kommentatorer tenderer til å fremheve sine synspunkter. </p><p>Selv om russisk er det overlegent største slaviske språket, skiller det seg fra de øvrige ved sentrale historiske påvirkninger fra <a href="/wiki/Uralske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Uralske språk">uralske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Altaiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Altaiske språk">altaiske språk</a>. Dette gir seg for eksempel uttrykk i hvordan man sier «å ha» på russisk. En setning som «jeg har en bok» uttrykkes som «у меня есть книга» <i>u menja jest kniga</i> (på direkte oversatt til norsk: hos meg er bok). Denne uttrykksformen svarer helt til den som brukes på tyrkisk, <i><span lang="tr" dir="ltr" style="">benim kitabim var</span> «min bok er». </i>En tilsvarende uttrykksmåte brukes i finsk. Det finnes ingen tilsvarende i andre slaviske språk. Det slaviske verbet иметь <i>imet</i>, «å ha», er i russisk relativt lite utbredt og benyttes overveiende i stilistisk mer formelt språk. Et annet eksempel på uttrykksmåter der russisk ligner tyrkisk, men adskiller seg fra andre slaviske språk, er den såkalte nullkopula – at man normalt dropper verbformen «er». På russisk vil man for eksempel si «Он маленький» <i>on malenkij </i>(direkte oversatt til norsk: han liten) tilsvarende tyrkisk «<span lang="tr" dir="ltr" style="">o küçük</span>», han liten – uten verbet «er», mens en på polsk vil si «<span lang="pl" dir="ltr" style="">on jest mały</span>», han er liten. </p><p>Utenom slavisk er vokabularet og russisk litteratur blitt sterkt påvirket av <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografisk_forflytning">Geografisk forflytning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Geografisk forflytning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Geografisk forflytning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russisk tales i hovedsak i <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>, og i varierende omfang i de tidligere <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">sovjetstatene</a>. På den ene siden har russisk status som offisielt språk ved siden av det lokale språket i <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistan</a>. I landene <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> finnes det betydelige russiske minoriteter som bevarer russisk som et betydelig minoritetsspråk. I alle de tre landene er den russiske befolkningen ujevnt regionalt fordelt, slik at de i noen byer og regioner er i flertall. I Turkmenistan søker det sittende regimet aktivt å redusere utbredelsen av russisk, og i Georgia har <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a> erstattet russisk som fremmedspråket for den oppvoksende generasjon. Ikke desto mindre er russisk det klart mest utbredte fremmedspråket i de tidligere sovjetrepublikkene, og en vil sjelden eller aldri oppleve noen negative holdninger om man bruker russisk som en praktisk måte å kommunisere på. </p><p>Frem til <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> var russisk det eneste offisielle språket i det russiske riket. Gjennom sovjettiden varierte holdningene mot de forskjellige etniske gruppenes språk mye. Selv om hver av republikkene hadde sine egne offisielle språk, var enhetsrollen og den overlegne status forbeholdt russisk, noe som har en sammensatt bakgrunn. På den ene siden undertrykket Sovjetregimet blant annet i <a href="/wiki/Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin">Stalin</a>-perioden minoritetsspråkene i Sovjetunionen. På den annen side var de språklige minoritetsgruppene i varierende grad i stand til å snakke og skrive sitt eget språk. Dette er for eksempel erfaringen fra sovjetregimet i <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a>-tiden, da offisiell politikk gikk inn for å oppmuntre ukrainere og belarusere til å snakke sitt eget språk. For det tredje besto det en stor geografisk mobilitet på tvers av språkregionene i Sovjetunionens befolkning, som et resultat av dels frivillig og dels pålagt flytting i forbindelse med arbeid, utdanning og militærtjeneste. </p><p>Etter oppløsningen i <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> har flere av de nylig uavhengige statene oppfordret til å bruke sine egne språk, noe som i sterk grad har reversert den privilegerte statusen russisk hadde. Selv om russisk stadig har beholdt mye av den samme rollen, vil nok dette avta etterhvert. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> har bruk av russisk i undervisningen vært temaet i en stor debatt, i et land med en 40 % stor russisktalende minoritet. Mange av disse bor i <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>. </p><p>Gjennom hele det 20. århundre ble russisk i stor utstrekning brukt på skoler i hele Sovjetunionen og andre <a href="/wiki/Kommunisme" title="Kommunisme">kommunistland</a> under påvirkning av Sovjetunionen. </p><p>Russisk tales også i <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> av 750 000 etnisk <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8de" class="mw-redirect" title="Jøde">jødiske</a> immigranter fra den tidligere Sovjetunionen (folketelling i 1999). Israelsk presse publiserer jevnlig russisk materiale i aviser og på internett. </p><p>Store russisktalende grupper (totalt over hundre tusen) finnes også i Nord-Amerika, og i mindre grad i Vest-Europa. Det har kommet flere bølger med russiske utvandrere til Nord-Amerika siden begynnelsen av det 20. århundre, hver med sin variant av språket. Etterkommere av russiske emigranter har ofte hatt en tendens til å miste sitt russiske morsmål i tredje generasjon. </p><p>Nyere beregninger av det totale antallet russisktalende: </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tbody><tr> <th>Kilde</th> <th>Morsmål</th> <th>Rangering (M)</th> <th>Totalt</th> <th>Rangering (T) </th></tr> <tr> <td>G. Weber, "Top Languages",<br /><i>Language Monthly</i>, 3: 12-18, 1997, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nb.no/baser/samper/smpfbibl.php?issn=1369-9733&ccl=&tittel-^=&sampertittel=&sted=&utgivere=&start=&slutt=&bibkode=&_bool=and&lang=norsk">ISSN 1369-9733</a></td> <td>160 000 000</td> <td align="center">nr. 7</td> <td>285 000 000</td> <td align="center">nr. 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>SIL Ethnologue</td> <td>167 000 000</td> <td align="center">nr. 7</td> <td>277 000 000</td> <td align="center">nr. 5 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offisiell_status">Offisiell status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Offisiell status" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Offisiell status"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russisk er det eneste offisielle språket på føderalt nivå i <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>, og er offisielt i <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (med <a href="/wiki/Belarusisk" title="Belarusisk">belarusisk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a> (med <a href="/wiki/Kasakhisk" title="Kasakhisk">kasakhisk</a>) og <a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a> (med <a href="/wiki/Kirgisisk" title="Kirgisisk">kirgisisk</a>). Det er ett av seks offisielle språk i <a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">FN</a> og en rekke andre internasjonale organisasjoner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialekter">Dialekter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Dialekter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Dialekter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Til tross for en standardisering etter 1900 finnes det i dag mange dialekter i Russland. Noen språkforskere deler dialektene i to hovedregioner, nordlig og sørlig, med Moskva liggende i overgangen mellom disse to. Andre deler inn i tre grupper, nordlig, sentral og sørlig, med Moskva i sentralregionen. Dialektforskere i Russland deler imidlertid dialektene i mange flere varianter. </p><p>Dialektene viser ofte klare ikke-standardiserte egenskaper i uttale og intonasjon, vokabular og grammatikk. Mange av dem bygger på gamle ord og uttrykk som ikke lenger er tilstede i standard russisk. </p><p>De nordlige dialektene beholder den trykksvake /o/, altså at alle o-er uttales helt klart, i motsetning til i de fleste dialekter hvor /o/ pleier å bli til /ɐ/ eller /ə/ (fenomenet kalles <span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">оканье</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">okanje</span></i>, det motsatte er <span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">аканье</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">akanje</span></i>); i sør palataliseres /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ustemt_alveolar_plosiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ustemt alveolar plosiv (ikke skrevet ennå)">t</a></span>/ på slutten av mange ord og /g/ går mot /h/. </p><p>Dialektforskjellene i russisk er meget små sammenlignet med norsk. En utlending som forstår standard-russisk (såkalt <i>ikone</i>) vil uten videre forstå en hvilken som helst russisk dialekt. En skal videre være godt skolert med hensyn til hva en skal lytte etter, dersom man skal kunne gjenkjenne en russisk dialekt og plassere den geografisk. </p><p>Blant de første som studerte russiske dialekter, var <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Mikhail Lomonosov</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a>). <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dahl" title="Vladimir Dahl">Vladimir Dahl</a> ferdigstilte den første ordboken som også inneholdt en dialektdel. Detaljert kartlegging av russiske dialekter begynte tidlig på <a href="/wiki/1900-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1900-tallet">1900-tallet</a>. <i>Dialektatlas for russisk</i> (<span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">Диалектологический атлас русского языка</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">Dialektologitsjeskij atlas rosskogo jazyka</span></i>), ble publisert tre ganger fra <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>–<a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">89</a>, etter fire tiår med forberedelser. </p><p>Standard russisk er basert på Moskva-dialekten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avledede_språk"><span id="Avledede_spr.C3.A5k"></span>Avledede språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Avledede språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Avledede språk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a> er et handelsspråk som kombinerer russisk og <a href="/wiki/Norsk" title="Norsk">norsk</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenya (ikke skrevet ennå)">Fenya</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenka (ikke skrevet ennå)">fenka</a> er et forbryterspråk av gammel opprinnelse, med russisk grammatikk, men med et særegent vokabular.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transjanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transjanka (ikke skrevet ennå)">Transjanka</a> kombinerer belarusisk og russisk, brukt av store deler av landsbybefolkningen i <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skriftspråk"><span id="Skriftspr.C3.A5k"></span>Skriftspråk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Skriftspråk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Skriftspråk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabet">Alfabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Alfabet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Det_russiske_alfabetet" title="Det russiske alfabetet">Det russiske alfabetet</a> er den mest utbredte versjonen av det <a href="/wiki/Kyrillisk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrillisk alfabet">kyrilliske alfabetet</a>, og består av 33 bokstaver. </p><p>Følgende tabell (gjengitt med store bokstaver) viser <a href="/wiki/Det_internasjonale_fonetiske_alfabetet" title="Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet">IPA</a>-transkripsjonen for uttale. </p> <table align="left" cellpadding="4" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" title="А">А</a><br />/a/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" title="Б">Б</a><br />/b/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" title="В">В</a><br />/v/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" title="Г">Г</a><br />/g/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" title="Д">Д</a><br />/d/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" title="Е">Е</a><br />/je/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%81" title="Ё">Ё</a><br />/jo/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" title="Ж">Ж</a><br />/ʐ/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" title="З">З</a><br />/z/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" title="И">И</a><br />/i/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" title="Й">Й</a><br />/j/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" title="К">К</a><br />/k/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" title="Л">Л</a><br />/l/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" title="М">М</a><br />/m/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" title="Н">Н</a><br />/n/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" title="О">О</a><br />/o/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" title="П">П</a><br />/p/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" title="Р">Р</a><br />/r/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" title="С">С</a><br />/s/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" title="Т">Т</a><br />/t/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" title="У">У</a><br />/u/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" title="Ф">Ф</a><br />/f/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" title="Х">Х</a><br />/x/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" title="Ц">Ц</a><br />/ts/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" title="Ч">Ч</a><br />/tɕ/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" title="Ш">Ш</a><br />/ʂ/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" title="Щ">Щ</a><br />/ɕɕ/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ">Ъ</a><br />/-/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" title="Ы">Ы</a><br />/ɨ/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" title="Ь">Ь</a><br />/-/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" title="Э">Э</a><br />/E/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" title="Ю">Ю</a><br />/ju/</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" title="Я">Я</a><br />/ja/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both"></div> <p>Gamle bokstaver er blitt opphevet en eller annen gang, slik som <ѣ> /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ěː</span>/ eller /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">e</span>/; <і> og <ѵ> som begge gikk over til <и> /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">i</span>/; <ѳ> som ble slått sammen med <ф> /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">f</span>/; <ѫ> som ble slått sammen med <у> /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">u</span>/; <ѭ> som ble slått sammen med <ю> /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ju</span>/ og <ѧ>/<ѩ> som endra form til <я> /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ja</span>/. Tegnene <ъ> og <ь> ble opprinnelig uttalt som veldig korte /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ŭ</span>/, /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ĭ</span>/. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ortografi">Ortografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ortografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ortografi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em;"><i>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Russisk_ortografi_f%C3%B8r_1918" title="Russisk ortografi før 1918">Russisk ortografi før 1918</a></i></div> <p>Russisk rettskrivning er relativt morfologisk oppbygget (det vil si at hovedprinsippet er at hvert enkelt <a href="/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem">morfem</a> skal skrives på samme sett uansett posisjonen i ordet). Som i de fleste levende språk har russisk også en del inkonsekvente og kontroversielle punkter. </p><p>Dagens stavemåte følger stort sett den store reformen i <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, med den endelige fastsettelsen i <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>. En oppdatering gjort i <a href="/wiki/1990-%C3%A5rene" title="1990-årene">1990-årene</a> er blitt negativt mottatt, og er ikke formelt blitt godkjent. </p><p>Tegnsettingen, opprinnelig basert på <a href="/wiki/Bysantinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bysantinsk">bysantinsk</a>, ble gjennom <a href="/wiki/1600-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tallet">1600-</a> og <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a> omformulert og basert på modeller for <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonetikk">Fonetikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fonetikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fonetikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det russiske <a href="/wiki/Fonetikk" title="Fonetikk">fonetiske</a> systemet stammer fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samslavisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samslavisk (ikke skrevet ennå)">samslavisk</a>, men har gjennomgått en omfattende modernisering fram mot <a href="/wiki/1400-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1400-tallet">1400-tallet</a> da det fikk sin nåværende form. </p><p>Språket har fem <a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">vokaler</a> som blir skrevet med forskjellige bokstaver avhengig av om den forutgående <a href="/wiki/Konsonant" title="Konsonant">konsonanten</a> er <a href="/wiki/Palatalisering" title="Palatalisering">palatalisert</a> eller ikke. Konsonantene kommer i hard og myk variant også avhengig av palataliseringen. </p><p>Standard russisk, basert på Moskva-dialekten, har en trykksterk <a href="/wiki/Aksent" class="mw-disambig" title="Aksent">aksent</a> og en moderat variasjon i tonehøyde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanter">Konsonanter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Konsonanter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="2" cellpadding="5" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; line-height: 1.2em; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; :inherit; font-size: 110%; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 80%;"> <td>  </td> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabialer" title="Bilabialer">Bilabial</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labiodentaler" title="Labiodentaler">Labio<br />dental</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dentaler" title="Dentaler">Dental</a> &<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolarer" title="Alveolarer">alveolar</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_konsonant" title="Postalveolar konsonant">Post-<br />alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palataler" title="Palataler">Palatal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velarer" title="Velarer">Velar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Plosiver" title="Plosiver">Plosiver</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">p<br />pʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">b<br />bʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">t<br />tʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">d<br />dʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">k</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ɡ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Affrikater" title="Affrikater">Affrikater</a> </th> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ʦ<br /> </span> </td> <td>  </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> <br />ʨ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Frikativer" title="Frikativer">Frikativer</a> </th> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">f<br />fʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">v<br />vʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">s<br />sʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">z<br />zʲ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ʂ<br />ɕ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ʐ<br />ʑ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">x</span> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nasaler" title="Nasaler">Nasaler</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">m<br />mʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">n<br />nʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Flapp" title="Flapp">Flapper</a> </th> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">r<br />rʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Approksimant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approksimant">Approksimanter</a> </th> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ɫ<br />lʲ</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">j</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Russisk utmerker seg gjennom sin distinksjon etter palatalisering for de fleste konsonantene. Mens /k/, /g/, /x/ har palataliserte <a href="/wiki/Allofon" title="Allofon">allofoner</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[kʲ, gʲ, xʲ]</span> kan bare <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/kʲ/</span> ses som et mulig <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonem</a>, men dette er marginalt og det anses vanligvis ikke som distinktivt. Palatalisering betyr at midten av tungen heves under og etter konsonantens artikulering. I tilfellet <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/tʲ/ og /dʲ/</span> heves tungen tilstrekkelig til å forårsake en svak frikasjon (affrikater). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">/t, d, ʦ, s, z, n og r/)</span> er <a href="/wiki/Dentaler" title="Dentaler">dentale</a>. </p><p>Det bør bemerkes at de palataliserte postalveolare frikativene ɕ og ʑ alltid uttales som lange konsonantlyder. Mange har derfor villet betrakte hver og en av dem som en fonetisk realisasjon av to andra, «sammensmeltede» <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonemer</a>, dette til tross for at lyden ɕ ofte representeres av <i>en</i> bokstav – щ. Med en slik analyse blir antallet konsonantfonemer i russisk 32. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatikk">Grammatikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Grammatikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grammatikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russisk har opprettholdt en indoeuropeisk syntetisk bøyningsstruktur, selv om det har foregått en betydelig tilpasning. </p><p>Russisk grammatikk omfatter </p> <ul><li>En svært syntetisk <b>morfologi</b></li> <li>En <b>syntaks</b> i det litterære språket, bestående av en bevisst sammensmeltning av tre elementer: <ul><li>Et polert folkespråk/dagligtale</li> <li>En <a href="/wiki/Kirkeslavisk" title="Kirkeslavisk">kirkeslavisk</a> arv</li> <li>En vesteuropeisk skrivemåte</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Talespråket er sterkt påvirket av det litterære, men visse karakteristiske muntlige former har overlevd. </p><p>Russiske <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">substantiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjektiv" title="Adjektiv">adjektiv</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">pronomen</a> bøyes i 6 <a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">kasus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nominativ" title="Nominativ">nominativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkusativ" title="Akkusativ">akkusativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">dativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumentalis" title="Instrumentalis">instrumentalis</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lokativ" title="Lokativ">lokativ</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (også omtalt som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preposisjonalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preposisjonalis (ikke skrevet ennå)">preposisjonalis</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Det russiske verbsystemet inkluderer valg av <a href="/wiki/Aspekt_(grammatikk)" title="Aspekt (grammatikk)">aspekt</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perfektiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perfektiv (ikke skrevet ennå)">perfektiv</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperfektiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperfektiv (ikke skrevet ennå)">imperfektiv</a>. </p><p><b>Tabell for de fleste standardendinger på russiske substantiv</b> </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td>Entall</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Flertall</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Maskulinum</th> <th>Neutrum</th> <th>Feminimum</th> <th>Fem "и-bøyning"</th> <th></th> <th>Maskulinum</th> <th>Neutrum</th> <th>Feminimum</th> <th>Fem "и-bøyning" </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nom.</td> <td>-/-ь (-й)</td> <td>-о/-е</td> <td>-а/-я</td> <td>-ь</td> <td>Nom.</td> <td>-ы/-и (-а/-я)</td> <td>-а/-я</td> <td>-ы/-и</td> <td>-и </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gen.</td> <td>-а/-я (-у/-ю)</td> <td>-а/-я (-у/-ю)</td> <td>-ы/-и</td> <td>-и</td> <td>Gen.</td> <td>-ов/-ей (-ев)</td> <td>-/-ей (-й)</td> <td>-/-ь (-й)</td> <td>-ей </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dat.</td> <td>-у/-ю</td> <td>-у/-ю</td> <td>-е</td> <td>-и</td> <td>Dat.</td> <td>-ам/-ям</td> <td>-ам/-ям</td> <td>-ам/-ям</td> <td>-ям </td></tr> <tr> <td>Akk.</td> <td>Nom./Gen.</td> <td>-о/-е</td> <td>-у/-ю</td> <td>-ь</td> <td>Akk.</td> <td>Nom./Gen.</td> <td>-а/-я</td> <td>Nom./Gen.</td> <td>-и </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ins.</td> <td>-ом/-ем</td> <td>-ом/-ем</td> <td>-ой/-ей</td> <td>-ью</td> <td>Ins.</td> <td>-ами/-ями</td> <td>-ами/-ями</td> <td>-ами/-ями</td> <td>-ями </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lok.</td> <td>-е (-у)</td> <td>-е (-и)</td> <td>-е (-и)</td> <td>-и</td> <td>Lok.</td> <td>-ах/-ях</td> <td>-ах/-ях</td> <td>-ах/-ях</td> <td>-ях </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vokabular">Vokabular</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vokabular" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vokabular"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_P.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_P.jpg/250px-Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_P.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="417" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_P.jpg/375px-Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_P.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_P.jpg/500px-Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_P.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1688" /></a><figcaption>Side fra en abc trykket i Moskva 1694, som viser bokstaven <b>П</b>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den totale mengden ord i russisk er vanskelig å beregne pga. muligheten for og tendensen til å avlede og skape et mangfold av sammensetningsord, forminskelsesord osv. </p><p>Her følger en oversikt over mengden oppslagsord i noen av de viktigste offisielle ordbøkene de siste århundrene, samt <a href="/wiki/Pusjkin" title="Pusjkin">Pusjkins</a> totale ordforråd. </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="4" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Arbeid</th> <th>År</th> <th>Ord</th> <th>Notater </th></tr> <tr> <td>Akademisk ordbok , I oppl.</td> <td>1789–1794</td> <td>43 257</td> <td>Russisk og kirkeslavisk med noen gamle russiske ord </td></tr> <tr> <td>Akademisk ordbok, II oppl.</td> <td>1806–1822</td> <td>51 388</td> <td>Russisk og kirkeslavisk med noen gamle russiske ord </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pusjkin opus</td> <td>1810–1837</td> <td>21 197</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>Akademisk ordbok, III oppl.</td> <td>1847</td> <td>114 749</td> <td>Russisk og kirkeslavisk med noen gamle russiske ord </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dahls ordbok</td> <td>1880–1882</td> <td>195 844</td> <td>44 000 oppslagsord leksikalsk gruppert; et forsøk på å katalogisere folkelige ord og uttrykk, inkluderte antakelig noe ukrainsk og belarusisk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ushakovs ordbok</td> <td>1934–1940</td> <td>85 289</td> <td>Dagens språk med noen foreldede språkuttrykk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Akademisk ordbok</td> <td>1950–1965</td> <td>120 480</td> <td>Fullstendig ordbok over det "moderne språket" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ozhegovs ordbok</td> <td>1991</td> <td>61 458</td> <td>Mer eller mindre dagens språk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lopatins ordbok</td> <td>2000</td> <td>ca. 160 000</td> <td>Ortografisk, dagens språk </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Filologer har beregnet at dagens språk kan bestå av så mange som 350 000 til 500 000 ord. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banning_og_fornærmelser"><span id="Banning_og_forn.C3.A6rmelser"></span>Banning og fornærmelser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Banning og fornærmelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Banning og fornærmelser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tydeligvis har det å banne effektivt alltid vært godtatt som en kunstform, i hvert fall enkelte steder, og enda mer av de liberal-tenkende litterære. For eksempel, så langt tilbake som på 1800-tallets sjøfarne år av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanjukovitsj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanjukovitsj (ikke skrevet ennå)">Stanjukovitsjs</a>, «artistisk fornærmelse» (<span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">артистическая ругань</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">artistitsjeskaja rugan</span></i>) kommer stadig ut av seilernes munner, selv om det aldri er skrevet. Ferdigheten å sette sammen ord på denne måten har blitt kalt «trippel-dekkers banning» (<span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">трёхэтажный мат</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">trokhetazjnyj mat</span></i>). </p><p>Det er interessant at de moderne obskøniteter ser ut til å ha fått mening på 1700-tallet, som erstatning for glemte ord. For eksempel, ordet <span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">блядь</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">bljad</span></i> («hore»), er nå sett på som veldig støtende. Ordet betydde tidligere «feil, synd», som et konsept på et høyere plan, forekommer i litterære verk, og kan muligens høres i liturgi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordtak_og_andre_uttrykk">Ordtak og andre uttrykk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ordtak og andre uttrykk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ordtak og andre uttrykk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russisk har mange hundre ordtak (<span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">пословица</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">poslovitsa</span></i>) og ordspråk (<span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">поговорка</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">pogovorka</span></i>). Disse var allerede systematisert på 1600-tallet, samlet og studert på 1800 og 1900-tallet, spesielt med folke-historier som en fruktbar kilde. </p><p>Her er noen av dem: </p> <ul><li><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">в тридевятом царстве</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">v tridevjatom tsarstve</span></i> «i det tjue-syvende riket», en typisk begynnelse på et <a href="/wiki/Eventyr" title="Eventyr">eventyr</a>, ofte brukt ironisk som en referanse til et sted langt borte. (<span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">три</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">tri</span></i> «tre», <span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">девять</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">devjat</span></i> «ni», 3x9=27)</li> <li><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">со времён царя Гороха</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">so vremjon tsarja gorokha</span></i> «siden Tsar Grønn-erts tid» = «fra tidenes morgen»</li> <li><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">ни к селу, ни к городу</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">ni k selu, ni k gorodu</span></i> «hverken for by eller land» = «unyttig eller uvesentlig»</li> <li><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">до Бога высоко, до Царя далеко</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">do Boga vysoko, do Tsarja daleko</span></i> «Gud er høyt opp og Tsaren lang borte»</li> <li><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">голь на выдумку хитра</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">gol na vydumku khitra</span></i> «gode ideer kommer til fattige» = «nød er oppfinnsomhetens mor»</li> <li><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">хоть кол на голове теши</span> <i><span lang="ru-Latn-NO" dir="ltr" style="">khot kol na colove tesji</span></i> «selv om man skar en bit av hodet…» (sagt om noen som er svært sta).</li> <li><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">сделал дело, гуляй смело</span> <i><span lang="ru" dir="ltr" style="">sdelal delo, guljaj smelo</span></i> «oppgave utført, gå av sted modig»</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Russisk </th> <th>Norsk <a href="/wiki/Transkripsjon_(spr%C3%A5kvitenskap)" title="Transkripsjon (språkvitenskap)">transkripsjon</a> </th> <th>Norsk betydning </th></tr> <tr> <td>Кошка </td> <td>Kosjka </td> <td>Jentekatt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Кот </td> <td>Kot </td> <td>Guttekatt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Женщина </td> <td>Zjensjtsjina </td> <td>Kvinne </td></tr> <tr> <td>Девушка </td> <td>Devusjka </td> <td>Jente </td></tr> <tr> <td>Девочка </td> <td>Devotsjka </td> <td>Pike </td></tr> <tr> <td>Мужчина </td> <td>Muzjtsjina </td> <td>Mann </td></tr> <tr> <td>Мальчик </td> <td>Maltsjik </td> <td>Gutt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Дом </td> <td>Dom </td> <td>Hus </td></tr> <tr> <td>Письмо </td> <td>Pismo </td> <td>Brev </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie_og_eksempler">Historie og eksempler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie og eksempler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie og eksempler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etter historiske opptegnelser å dømme, var den østlige grenen av <a href="/wiki/Slavere" title="Slavere">slaverne</a> den fremherskende etniske gruppen over store deler av det nåværende europeiske <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> og <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> rundt 1000 e.Kr., og de snakket en nært beslektet dialektgruppe. Den politiske samlingen av denne regionen resulterte i <a href="/wiki/Kievriket" title="Kievriket">Kievriket</a>, som dagens <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukrainas</a> opphav kan spores tilbake til, ble raskt fulgt av innføring av <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">kristendom</a> i 988–989, og etableringen av <a href="/wiki/Gammelkirkeslavisk" title="Gammelkirkeslavisk">gammelkirkeslavisk</a> som det liturgiske og litterære språket. Lånord fra bysantinsk gresk trådte inn i talemålet på denne tiden, og samtidig beveget skriftspråket seg mot østslavisk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Følgende opplistinger tjener som referanser for både denne artikkelen og de relaterte artikler vedrørende det russiske språk: </p><p><b>På norsk:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terje_Mathiassen" title="Terje Mathiassen">Mathiassen, Terje</a>, <i>Russisk grammatikk</i>, Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1996.</li></ul> <p><b>På engelsk:</b> </p> <ul><li>B. Comrie, G. Stone, M. Polinsky, <i>The Russian Language in the Twentieth Century</i>, 2nd. ed. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1996</li> <li>W.K. Matthews, <i>Russian Historical Grammar</i>, London, University of London, Athlone Press, 1960</li> <li>T.R. Carleton, <i>Introduction to the Phonological History of the Slavic Languages</i>, Columbus, Ohio : Slavica Publishers, 1991</li> <li>A. Stender-Petersen, <i>Anthology of old Russian literature</i>, New York, Columbia University Press, 1954</li></ul> <p><b>På russisk:</b> </p> <ul><li>Иванов В.В. Историческая грамматика русского языка. "Просвещение", М., 1990.</li> <li>Цыганенко Г. П. Этимологический словарь русского языка. Киев, 1970.</li> <li>Т. Н. Михельсон, Рассказы русских летописей XV–XVII веков. М., 1978</li> <li>Н.М. Шанский, В.В. Иванов, Т.В. Шанская. Краткий этимологический словарь русского языка. М. 1961.</li> <li>А. Шицгал, Русский гражданский шрифт, "Исскуство", Москва, 1958, 2-e изд. 1983.</li> <li>Л. П. Жуковская, отв. ред. Древнерусский литературный язык и его отношение к старославянскому. М., «Наука», 1987.</li></ul> <p>Mange flere referanser er henvist til i bøkene ovenfor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relaterte_artikler">Relaterte artikler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Relaterte artikler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Relaterte artikler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Språkbeskrivelse"><span id="Spr.C3.A5kbeskrivelse"></span>Språkbeskrivelse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Språkbeskrivelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Språkbeskrivelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Det_kyrilliske_alfabetet" title="Det kyrilliske alfabetet">Det kyrilliske alfabetet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_grammatikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk grammatikk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Russisk grammatikk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_rettskrivning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk rettskrivning (ikke skrevet ennå)">Russisk rettskrivning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_fonetikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk fonetikk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Russisk fonetikk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk_spr%C3%A5khistorie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russisk språkhistorie (ikke skrevet ennå)">Russisk språkhistorie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relaterte_språk"><span id="Relaterte_spr.C3.A5k"></span>Relaterte språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Relaterte språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Relaterte språk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stslaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Østslaviske språk">Østslaviske språk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkeslavisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkeslavisk språk">Kirkeslavisk språk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storrussisk_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storrussisk språk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Storrussisk språk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldkirkeslavisk_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldkirkeslavisk språk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Oldkirkeslavisk språk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldrussisk_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldrussisk språk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Oldrussisk språk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-ecd1609e29682806f58dd4388df0f4db251f2a7e-v2-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-ecd1609e29682806f58dd4388df0f4db251f2a7e-v2_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scriptsource.org/lang/rus">«ScriptSource - Russian»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 19. desember 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ARussisk&rft.btitle=ScriptSource+-+Russian&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscriptsource.org%2Flang%2Frus&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-fa2f7ffa50d0de320fe2959898558e899d652d79-v2-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-fa2f7ffa50d0de320fe2959898558e899d652d79-v2_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> (på en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/"><i>Ethnologue</i></a> (25, 19 utgave), Dallas: <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a>, <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1946-9675">1946-9675</a></span>, <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/43349556">43349556</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14790" class="extiw" title="d:Q14790">Q14790</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/">https://www.ethnologue.com/</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologue&rft.edition=25%2C+19&rft.place=Dallas&rft.pub=%5B%5BSIL+International%7CSIL+International%5D%5D&rft.issn=1946-9675&rft_id=info:oclcnum/43349556&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Russisk"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Grønn, Atle (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fremmedspraksenteret.no/neted/upload/attachment/site/group55/RUSSISK_lav.pdf">«Fremmedspråksenteret: Russisk i verden»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. s. 23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 23. juni 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ARussisk&rft.aufirst=Atle&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B8nn&rft.btitle=Fremmedspr%C3%A5ksenteret%3A+Russisk+i+verden&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fremmedspraksenteret.no%2Fneted%2Fupload%2Fattachment%2Fsite%2Fgroup55%2FRUSSISK_lav.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814050406/http://www.russisk.no/ressurser/ordlister/lingvistisk-terminologi.html">«Lingvistisk terminologi - russisk til norsk»</a>. <i>russisk.no</i>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russisk.no/ressurser/ordlister/lingvistisk-terminologi.html">originalen</a> 14. august 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 23. juni 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ARussisk&rft.atitle=Lingvistisk+terminologi+-+russisk+til+norsk&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=russisk.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.russisk.no%2Fressurser%2Fordlister%2Flingvistisk-terminologi.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russisk&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="russisk">(ru)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ruslang.ru/">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7737?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Russian language">Russian language</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7737?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="norsk bokmål">(nb)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dfb.nb.no/spr%C3%A5k/russisk">Russisk hos Det flerspråklige bibliotek</a></li> <li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="russisk">(ru)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gramota.ru">Gramota, referansegrammatikk støttet av russiske myndigheter</a></li> <li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://no.wikibooks.org/wiki/en:Russian" class="extiw" title="b:en:Russian">Lærebok i russisk</a> fra Wikibøker</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561737">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Moderne_slaviske_språk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Mal:Slaviske språk"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Slaviske språk (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Slaviske språk"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Moderne_slaviske_språk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Moderne <a href="/wiki/Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Slaviske språk">slaviske språk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestslaviske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestslaviske språk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Vestslavisk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kasjubisk" title="Kasjubisk">Kasjubisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polsk" title="Polsk">Polsk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Schlesisk" title="Schlesisk">Schlesisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Slovakisk" title="Slovakisk">Slovakisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sorbisk" title="Sorbisk">Sorbisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tsjekkisk" title="Tsjekkisk">Tsjekkisk</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stslaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Østslaviske språk">Østslavisk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Belarusisk" title="Belarusisk">Belarusisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rusinsk" title="Rusinsk">Rusinsk</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainsk" title="Ukrainsk">Ukrainsk</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8rslaviske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sørslaviske språk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sørslavisk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bosnisk" title="Bosnisk">Bosnisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarsk" title="Bulgarsk">Bulgarsk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kroatisk" title="Kroatisk">Kroatisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Makedonsk" title="Makedonsk">Makedonsk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Montenegrinsk" title="Montenegrinsk">Montenegrinsk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Serbisk" title="Serbisk">Serbisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Serbokroatisk" title="Serbokroatisk">Serbokroatisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Slovensk" title="Slovensk">Slovensk</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="FNs_offisielle_språk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:FNs_offisielle_spr%C3%A5k" title="Mal:FNs offisielle språk"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:FNs_offisielle_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:FNs offisielle språk (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:FNs_offisielle_spr%C3%A5k" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:FNs offisielle språk"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="FNs_offisielle_språk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/FN" class="mw-redirect" title="FN">FNs</a> offisielle språk</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">Arabisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">Engelsk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">Fransk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kinesisk" title="Kinesisk">Kinesisk</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spansk" title="Spansk">Spansk</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/FN" title="FN"><img alt="FNs flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Språk_i_Estland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Estland" title="Mal:Språk i Estland"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Estland" title="Maldiskusjon:Språk i Estland"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Estland" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Språk i Estland"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Språk_i_Estland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spr%C3%A5k_i_Estland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Språk i Estland (ikke skrevet ennå)">Språk</a> i <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offisielt språk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Estisk" title="Estisk">Estisk</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland"><img alt="Estlands flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minoritetsspråk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estisk_tegnspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estisk tegnspråk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Estisk tegnspråk</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Russisk_tegnspr%C3%A5k" title="Russisk tegnspråk">Russisk tegnspråk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8restisk" title="Sørestisk">Sørestisk</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tidligere minoritetsspråk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Estlandssvensk" title="Estlandssvensk">Svensk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Baltiske_tyskere" title="Baltiske tyskere">Tysk</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/russisk">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/russisk">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Russian-language">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/russische-sprache">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4051038-4">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85115971">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932810g">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932810g">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569746">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph125351">NKC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX527767">BNE</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/things/778de79e-340f-422a-a906-c9994190a3e3">BBC Things</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russisk&oldid=24665880">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russisk&oldid=24665880</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Russisk" title="Kategori:Russisk">Russisk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Slaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Slaviske språk">Slaviske språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Belarus" title="Kategori:Språk i Belarus">Språk i Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Israel" title="Kategori:Språk i Israel">Språk i Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Kina" title="Kategori:Språk i Kina">Språk i Kina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Kirgisistan" title="Kategori:Språk i Kirgisistan">Språk i Kirgisistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Mongolia" title="Kategori:Språk i Mongolia">Språk i Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Russland" title="Kategori:Språk i Russland">Språk i Russland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_USA" title="Kategori:Språk i USA">Språk i USA</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_som_trenger_referanser" title="Kategori:Artikler som trenger referanser">Artikler som trenger referanser</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_offisielle_lenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med offisielle lenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_autoritetsdatalenker_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata">Artikler med autoritetsdatalenker fra Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:1000_artikler_enhver_Wikipedia_b%C3%B8r_ha" title="Kategori:1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha">1000 artikler enhver Wikipedia bør ha</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Denne siden ble sist redigert 8. sep. 2024 kl. 00:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Innholdet er tilgjengelig under <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no">Creative Commons-lisensen Navngivelse-DelPåSammeVilkår</a>, men ytterligere betingelser kan gjelde. Se <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">bruksvilkårene</a> for detaljer.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russisk&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-86dk6","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.902","walltime":"1.208","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9646,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":76119,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14565,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":50313,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":17,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1080.841 1 -total"," 57.25% 618.736 1 Mal:Infoboks_språk"," 44.50% 480.991 19 Mal:Wikidata-norsk"," 37.29% 403.068 20 Mal:Infoboks_rad"," 16.99% 183.627 1 Mal:Autoritetsdata"," 14.61% 157.921 4 Mal:Navboks"," 14.25% 153.970 4 Mal:Navbox"," 9.90% 107.022 1 Mal:Infoboks_start"," 9.13% 98.679 1 Mal:Slaviske_språk"," 4.97% 53.743 8 Mal:Flagg"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.597","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10497093,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-85b4d97d6c-dsvtx","timestamp":"20241113061139","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Russisk","url":"https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russisk","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7737","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7737","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsytere til Wikimedia-prosjektene"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-10-27T17:07:59Z","dateModified":"2024-09-07T23:55:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7f\/Ru%C5%A1tina_ve_sv%C4%9Bt%C4%9B.svg","headline":"\u00f8stslavisk spr\u00e5k"}</script> </body> </html>