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<span>Synopsis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synopsis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_and_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_and_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Date and text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_and_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Analysis and criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Performance history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Performance_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Performance history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Performance_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_revivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_revivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Modern revivals</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0)" title="Перикъл (пиеса) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Перикъл (пиеса)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikles_(Shakespeare)" title="Perikles (Shakespeare) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Perikles (Shakespeare)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikles,_F%C3%BCrst_von_Tyrus" title="Perikles, Fürst von Tyrus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perikles, Fürst von Tyrus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%82,_%CE%BF_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Περικλής, ο πρίγκιπας της Τύρου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περικλής, ο πρίγκιπας της Τύρου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles,_pr%C3%ADncipe_de_Tiro" title="Pericles, príncipe de Tiro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pericles, príncipe de Tiro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پریکلس، شاهزاده تایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پریکلس، شاهزاده تایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ricl%C3%A8s,_prince_de_Tyr" title="Périclès, prince de Tyr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Périclès, prince de Tyr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikles,_Prins_fan_Tyrus" title="Perikles, Prins fan Tyrus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Perikles, Prins fan Tyrus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericle,_principe_di_Tiro" title="Pericle, principe di Tiro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pericle, principe di Tiro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A1_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%94)" title="פריקלס (מחזה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פריקלס (מחזה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikles,_Tyrus_hercege" title="Perikles, Tyrus hercege – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perikles, Tyrus hercege" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles_(toneelstuk)" title="Pericles (toneelstuk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pericles (toneelstuk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ペリクリーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペリクリーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perykles,_ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99_Tyru" title="Perykles, książę Tyru – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perykles, książę Tyru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ricles,_Pr%C3%ADncipe_de_Tiro" title="Péricles, Príncipe de Tiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Péricles, Príncipe de Tiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericle,_Prin%C8%9B_al_Tironului" title="Pericle, Prinț al Tironului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pericle, Prinț al Tironului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0)" title="Перикл (пьеса) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перикл (пьеса)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikles_(Shakespeare)" title="Perikles (Shakespeare) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perikles (Shakespeare)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Перикле (драма) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перикле (драма)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikles_(n%C3%A4ytelm%C3%A4)" title="Perikles (näytelmä) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perikles (näytelmä)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles_(pj%C3%A4s)" title="Pericles (pjäs) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pericles (pjäs)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikles_(oyun)" title="Perikles (oyun) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Perikles (oyun)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Play written in part by William Shakespeare</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pericles_1609.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pericles_1609.jpg/220px-Pericles_1609.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pericles_1609.jpg/330px-Pericles_1609.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pericles_1609.jpg/440px-Pericles_1609.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>The 1609 <a href="/wiki/Quarto" title="Quarto">quarto</a> edition title page</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Jacobean_era" title="Jacobean era">Jacobean</a> play written at least in part by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> and included in modern editions of his collected works despite questions over its authorship, as it was not included in the <a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a>. It was published in 1609 as a <a href="/wiki/Quarto" title="Quarto">quarto</a>, was not included in Shakespeare's collections of works until the third folio, and the main inspiration for the play was Gower's <i><a href="/wiki/Confessio_Amantis" title="Confessio Amantis">Confessio Amantis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various arguments support the theory that Shakespeare was the sole author of the play, notably in DelVecchio and Hammond's <a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Shakespeare" title="The Cambridge Shakespeare">Cambridge edition</a> of the play, but modern editors generally agree that Shakespeare was responsible for almost exactly half the play — 827 lines — the main portion after scene 9 that follows the story of Pericles and Marina.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern textual studies suggest that the first two acts, 835 lines detailing the many voyages of Pericles, were written by a collaborator, who may well have been the <a href="/wiki/Licensed_victualler#Licensed_victualler" class="mw-redirect" title="Licensed victualler">victualler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procuring_(prostitution)" title="Procuring (prostitution)">panderer</a>, dramatist and <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">pamphleteer</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Wilkins" title="George Wilkins">George Wilkins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vickers_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilkins published <i>The Painful Adventures of Pericles Prince of Tyre</i> which is the prose version of the story, and drew from Lawrence Twines' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pattern_of_Painful_Adventures" title="The Pattern of Painful Adventures">The Pattern of Painful Adventures</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pericles</i> was one of the seventeen plays that were in print during Shakespeare's life, and was reprinted 5 times between 1609 and 1635.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Antiochus – king of Antioch</li> <li>Pericles – Prince of Tyre</li> <li>Helicanus and Escanes – two lords of Tyre</li> <li>Simonides – king of Pentapolis</li> <li>Cleon – governor of Tarsus</li> <li>Lysimachus – governor of Mytilene</li> <li>Cerimon – a lord of Ephesus</li> <li>Thaliard – a lord of Antioch</li> <li>Philemon – servant to Cerimon</li> <li>Leonine – servant to Dionyza</li> <li>Marshal</li> <li>A Pandar (male owner of a brothel)</li> <li>Boult – The Pandar's servant</li> <li>The Daughter of Antiochus</li> <li>Dionyza – wife to Cleon</li> <li>Thaisa – daughter to Simonides, Pericles' wife</li> <li>Marina – daughter to Pericles and Thaisa</li> <li>Lychorida – nurse to Marina</li> <li>A Bawd (female owner of a brothel)</li> <li>Diana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gower" title="John Gower">Gower</a> as Chorus</li> <li>Lords, Knights, Gentlemen, Sailors, Pirates, Fisherman, and Messengers</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Gower introduces each act with a prologue. The play opens in the court of Antiochus, king of <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, who has offered the hand of his beautiful daughter to any man who answers his riddle; but those who fail shall die. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina_singing_before_Pericles_(Stothard,_1825).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Marina_singing_before_Pericles_%28Stothard%2C_1825%29.jpg/220px-Marina_singing_before_Pericles_%28Stothard%2C_1825%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Marina_singing_before_Pericles_%28Stothard%2C_1825%29.jpg/330px-Marina_singing_before_Pericles_%28Stothard%2C_1825%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Marina_singing_before_Pericles_%28Stothard%2C_1825%29.jpg/440px-Marina_singing_before_Pericles_%28Stothard%2C_1825%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i>Marina singing before Pericles</i>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stothard" title="Thomas Stothard">Thomas Stothard</a>, 1825</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>I am no Viper, yet I feed<br /> On mother's flesh which did me breed:<br /> I sought a husband, in which labour,<br /> I found that kindness in a father;<br /> He's father, son, and husband mild,<br /> I mother, wife; and yet his child:<br /> How they may be, and yet in two,<br /> As you will live resolve it you. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Pericles, the young Prince (ruler) of <a href="/wiki/Tyre_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyre (Lebanon)">Tyre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>), hears the riddle, and instantly understands its meaning: Antiochus is engaged in an <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incestuous</a> relationship with his daughter. If he answers incorrectly, he will be killed, but if he reveals the truth, he will be killed anyway. Pericles hints that he knows the answer, and asks for more time to think. Antiochus grants him forty days, and then sends an assassin after him. However, Pericles has fled the city in disgust. </p><p>Pericles returns to <a href="/wiki/Tyre_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyre (Lebanon)">Tyre</a>, where his trusted friend and counsellor Helicanus advises him to leave the city, for Antiochus surely will hunt him down. Pericles leaves Helicanus as <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> and sails to <a href="/wiki/Tarsus_in_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarsus in Cilicia">Tarsus</a>, a city beset by <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a>. The generous Pericles gives the governor of the city, Cleon, and his wife Dionyza, grain from his ship to save their people. The famine ends, and after being thanked profusely by Cleon and Dionyza, Pericles continues on. </p><p>A storm wrecks Pericles' ship and washes him up on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Pentapolis</a>. He is rescued by a group of poor <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishermen</a> who inform him that Simonides, King of Pentapolis, is holding a tournament the next day and that the winner will receive the hand of his daughter Thaisa in marriage. Fortunately, one of the fishermen drags Pericles' suit of armour on shore that very moment, and the prince decides to enter the tournament. Although his equipment is rusty, Pericles wins the tournament and the hand of Thaisa (who is deeply attracted to him) in marriage. Simonides initially expresses doubt about the union, but soon comes to like Pericles and allows them to wed. </p><p>A letter sent by the noblemen reaches Pericles in Pentapolis, who decides to return to Tyre with the pregnant Thaisa. Again, a storm arises while at sea, and Thaisa appears to die giving birth to her child, Marina. The sailors insist that Thaisa's body be set overboard in order to calm the storm. Pericles grudgingly agrees, and decides to stop at Tarsus because he fears that Marina may not survive the storm. </p><p>Luckily, Thaisa's casket washes ashore at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> near the residence of Lord Cerimon, a physician who revives her. Thinking that Pericles died in the storm, Thaisa becomes a priestess in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">temple</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a>. </p><p>Pericles departs to rule Tyre, leaving Marina in the care of Cleon and Dionyza. </p><p>Marina grows up more beautiful than Philoten the daughter of Cleon and Dionyza, so Dionyza plans Marina's murder. The plan is thwarted when pirates kidnap Marina and then sell her to a brothel in <a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">Mytilene</a>. There, Marina manages to keep her virginity by convincing the men that they should seek virtue. Worried that she is ruining their market, the brothel rents her out as a tutor to respectable young ladies. She becomes famous for music and other decorous entertainments. </p><p>Meanwhile, Pericles returns to Tarsus for his daughter. The governor and his wife claim she has died; in grief, he takes to the sea. </p><p>Pericles' wanderings bring him to Mytilene where the governor Lysimachus, seeking to cheer him up, brings in Marina. They compare their sad stories and joyfully realise they are father and daughter. Next, the goddess Diana appears in a dream to Pericles, and tells him to come to the temple where he finds Thaisa. The wicked Cleon and Dionyza are killed when their people revolt against their crime. Lysimachus will marry Marina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The play draws upon two sources for the plot. The first is <i><a href="/wiki/Confessio_Amantis" title="Confessio Amantis">Confessio Amantis</a></i> (1393) of <a href="/wiki/John_Gower" title="John Gower">John Gower</a>, an English poet and contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>. This provides the story of <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyre" title="Apollonius of Tyre">Apollonius of Tyre</a>. The second source is the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Twine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Twine">Lawrence Twine</a> prose version of Gower's tale, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pattern_of_Painful_Adventures" title="The Pattern of Painful Adventures">The Pattern of Painful Adventures</a></i>, dating from c. 1576, reprinted in 1607. </p><p>A third related work is <i>The Painful Adventures of Pericles</i> by George Wilkins, published in 1608. But this seems to be a "novelization" of the play, stitched together with bits from Twine; Wilkins mentions the play in the Argument to his version of the story<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – so that Wilkins' novel derives from the play, not the play from the novel. Wilkins, who with Shakespeare was a witness in the <a href="/wiki/Bellott_v._Mountjoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellott v. Mountjoy">Bellott v. Mountjoy</a> lawsuit of 1612,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been an obvious candidate for the author of the non-Shakespearean matter in the play's first two acts; Wilkins wrote plays very similar in style, and no better candidate has been found. </p><p>The choruses spoken by Gower were influenced by Barnabe Barnes's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diuils_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="The Diuils Charter">The Diuils Charter</a></i> (1607) and by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Travels_of_the_Three_English_Brothers" title="The Travels of the Three English Brothers">The Trauailes of the Three English Brothers</a></i> (1607), by <a href="/wiki/John_Day_(dramatist)" title="John Day (dramatist)">John Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Rowley" title="William Rowley">William Rowley</a>, and Wilkins.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Date_and_text">Date and text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Date and text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most scholars support 1607 or early 1608 as most likely, which accords well with what is known about the play's likely co-author, George Wilkins, whose extant literary career seems to span only three years, 1606 to 1608.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only published text of <i>Pericles</i>, the 1609 quarto (all subsequent quartos were reprints of the original), is manifestly corrupt; it is often clumsily written and incomprehensible and has been interpreted as a pirated text reconstructed from memory by someone who witnessed the play (much like theories surrounding the 1603 "<a href="/wiki/Bad_quarto" title="Bad quarto">bad quarto</a>" of <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play was printed in <a href="/wiki/Book_size" title="Book size">quarto</a> twice in 1609 by the stationer Henry Gosson. Subsequent quarto printings appeared in 1611, 1619, 1630, and 1635; it was one of Shakespeare's most popular plays in his own historical era. The play was not included in the <a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a> in 1623; it was one of seven plays added to the original Folio thirty-six in the second impression of the <a href="/wiki/Folios_and_Quartos_(Shakespeare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folios and Quartos (Shakespeare)">Third Folio</a> in 1664. [See: <a href="/wiki/Folios_and_Quartos_(Shakespeare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folios and Quartos (Shakespeare)">Folios and Quartos (Shakespeare)</a>.] <a href="/wiki/William_Jaggard" title="William Jaggard">William Jaggard</a> included <i>Pericles</i> in his 1619 <a href="/wiki/False_Folio" title="False Folio">False Folio</a>. </p><p>The editors of the <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Shakespeare" title="The Oxford Shakespeare">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arden_Shakespeare" title="Arden Shakespeare">Arden</a> editions of <i>Pericles</i> accept Wilkins as Shakespeare's collaborator, citing <a href="/wiki/Stylometry" title="Stylometry">stylistic</a> links between the play and Wilkins's style that are found nowhere else in Shakespeare.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cambridge editors reject this contention, arguing that the play is entirely by Shakespeare and that all the oddities can be defended as a deliberately old-fashioned style; however, they do not discuss the stylistic links with Wilkins's work or any of the scholarly papers demonstrating contrary opinions.<sup id="cite_ref-Del_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Del-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the play was co-written or revised by Wilkins, this would support a later date, as it is believed Wilkins' career as a writer spanned only the years 1606-8.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1986 <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> edition of the <i>Complete Works</i> and the subsequent individual edition include a "reconstructed text" of <i>Pericles</i>, which adapts passages from Wilkins' novel on the assumption that they are based on the play and record the dialogue more accurately than the quarto. </p><p>The play has been recognised as a probable collaboration since 1709, if not earlier. In that year <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Rowe_(writer)" title="Nicholas Rowe (writer)">Nicholas Rowe</a> wrote, "there is good Reason to believe that the greatest part of that Play was not written by him; tho' it is own'd, some part of it certainly was, particularly the last Act."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rowe here seems to be summarising what he believes to be a consensus view in his day, although some critics thought it was either an early Shakespeare work or not written by him at all.<sup id="cite_ref-Vickers_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilkins has been proposed as the co-author since 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, H. Dugdale Sykes published a detailed comparison of numerous parallels between the first half of Pericles and four of Wilkins's works, but he thought that Wilkins's novelisation of the play preceded its composition.<sup id="cite_ref-Vickers_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many other scholars followed Sykes in his identification of Wilkins, most notably Jonathan Hope in 1994 and <a href="/wiki/MacDonald_P._Jackson" title="MacDonald P. Jackson">MacDonald P. Jackson</a> in 1993 and 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, Prof. Brian Vickers summarised the historical evidence and took the Cambridge editors to task for ignoring more than a century of scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-Vickers_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis_and_criticism">Analysis and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Analysis and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critical response to the play has traditionally been mixed. In 1629, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a> lamented the audiences' enthusiastic responses to the play: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>No doubt some mouldy tale,<br /> Like Pericles; and stale<br /> As the Shrieve's crusts, and nasty as his fish—<br /> Scraps out of every dish<br /> Throwne forth, and rak't into the common tub (Ben Jonson, <i>Ode (to Himself)</i>) </p> </div></blockquote> <p>In 1660, at the start of the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a> when the theatres had just re-opened, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Betterton" title="Thomas Betterton">Thomas Betterton</a> played the title role in a new production of <i>Pericles</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Cockpit_Theatre" title="Cockpit Theatre">Cockpit Theatre</a>, the first production of any of Shakespeare's works in the new era.<sup id="cite_ref-Gossett_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gossett-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Jonson and until the mid-twentieth century, critics found little to like or praise in the play. For example, nineteenth-century scholar <a href="/wiki/Edward_Dowden" title="Edward Dowden">Edward Dowden</a> wrestled with the text and found that the play "as a whole is singularly undramatic" and "entirely lacks unity of action."<sup id="cite_ref-Dowden_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowden-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The episodic nature of the play combined with the Act Four's lewdness troubled Dowden because these traits problematised his idea of Shakespeare. Dowden also banished <i><a href="/wiki/Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a></i> from the canon because it belonged to "the pre-Shakespearean school of bloody dramas".<sup id="cite_ref-Dowden_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowden-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> found more to admire, saying of the moment of Pericles' reunion with his daughter: "To my mind the finest of all the 'recognition scenes' is Act V, sc. i of that very great play <i>Pericles</i>. It is a perfect example of the 'ultra-dramatic', a dramatic action of beings who are more than human... or rather, seen in a light more than that of day."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The New Bibliographers of the early twentieth century <a href="/wiki/Alfred_W._Pollard" title="Alfred W. Pollard">Alfred W. Pollard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wilson_Greg" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Wilson Greg">Walter Wilson Greg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/R._B._McKerrow" class="mw-redirect" title="R. B. McKerrow">R. B. McKerrow</a> gave increased attention to the examination of quarto editions of Shakespearean plays published before the <a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a> (1623). <i>Pericles</i> was among the most notorious "bad quartos". In the second half of the twentieth century, critics began to warm to the play. After John Arthos' 1953 article "<i>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</i>: A Study in the Dramatic Use of Romantic Narrative,"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> scholars began to find merits and interesting facets within the play's dramaturgy, narrative and use of the marvelous. And, while the play's textual critics have sharply disagreed about editorial methodology in the last half-century, almost all of them, beginning with <a href="/w/index.php?title=F._D._Hoeniger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. D. Hoeniger (page does not exist)">F. D. Hoeniger</a> with his 1963 <i>Arden 2</i> edition, have been enthusiastic about <i>Pericles</i>. (Other, more recent, critics have been <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Orgel" title="Stephen Orgel">Stephen Orgel</a> (<i>Pelican Shakespeare</i>), Suzanne Gossett (<i>Arden 3</i>), Roger Warren (<i>Reconstructed Oxford</i>), and Doreen DelVecchio and Antony Hammond (<i>Cambridge</i>)).<sup id="cite_ref-Del_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Del-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> said that the play works well on the stage despite its problems,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even wrote, "Perhaps because he declined to compose the first two acts, Shakespeare compensated by making the remaining three acts into his most radical theatrical experiment since the mature <i>Hamlet</i> of 1600–1601."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_history">Performance history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Performance history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Republic">Venetian</a> ambassador to England <a href="/wiki/Zorzi_Giustinian" title="Zorzi Giustinian">Zorzi Giustinian</a> and the French diplomat <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lef%C3%A8vre_de_la_Boderie" title="Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie">Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie</a> saw a play titled <i>Pericles</i>. Giustinian was in London from 5 January 1606 to 23 November 1608.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As far as is known, there was no other play with the same title that was acted in this era; the usual assumption is that this must have been Shakespeare's play.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title page of the play's first printed edition states that the play was often acted at the <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a>, which was most likely true. </p><p>The earliest performance of <i>Pericles</i> known with certainty occurred in May 1619, at Court, "in the King's great chamber" at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Whitehall</a>. The play was also performed at the <a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a> on 10 June 1631.<sup id="cite_ref-Halliday_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halliday-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A play called <i>Pericles</i> was in the repertory of a <a href="/wiki/Recusant" class="mw-redirect" title="Recusant">recusant</a> group of itinerant players arrested for performing a religious play at <a href="/wiki/Gouthwaite_Reservoir" title="Gouthwaite Reservoir">Goulthwaite Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> in 1609; however, it is not clear if they performed <i>Pericles</i>, or if theirs was Shakespeare's play.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Rhodes_(17th_century)" title="John Rhodes (17th century)">John Rhodes</a> staged <i>Pericles</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Cockpit_Theatre" title="Cockpit Theatre">Cockpit Theatre</a> soon after the theatres re-opened in 1660; it was one of the earliest productions, and the first Shakespearean revival, of the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a> period. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Betterton" title="Thomas Betterton">Thomas Betterton</a> made his stage debut in the title role. Yet the play's pseudo-naive structure placed it at odds with the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassical</a> tastes of the Restoration era. It vanished from the stage for nearly two centuries, until <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Phelps" title="Samuel Phelps">Samuel Phelps</a> staged a production at <a href="/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Theatre" title="Sadler's Wells Theatre">Sadler's Wells Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell" title="Clerkenwell">Clerkenwell</a> in 1854. Phelps cut Gower entirely, satisfying his narrative role with new scenes, conversations between unnamed gentlemen like those in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i>, 5.2. In accordance with Victorian notions of decorum, the play's frank treatment of incest and prostitution was muted or removed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Walter_Nugent_Monck" title="Walter Nugent Monck">Walter Nugent Monck</a> revived the play in 1929 at his <a href="/wiki/Maddermarket_Theatre" title="Maddermarket Theatre">Maddermarket Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, cutting the first act. This production was revived at Stratford after the war, with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> in the title role. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_revivals">Modern revivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern revivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The play has risen somewhat in popularity since Monck, though it remains extraordinarily difficult to stage effectively, an aspect played with in <i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Belongs_to_Us" title="Paris Belongs to Us">Paris Belongs to Us</a></i> (filmed 1957–1960). </p> <ul><li>In 1958, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> directed the play at the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Memorial_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare Memorial Theatre">Shakespeare Memorial Theatre</a> in Stratford. The scene design, by <a href="/wiki/Loudon_Sainthill" title="Loudon Sainthill">Loudon Sainthill</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unified the play; the stage was dominated by a large ship in which Gower related the tale to a group of sailors. <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_McEwan" title="Geraldine McEwan">Geraldine McEwan</a> played Marina; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Johnson_(actor)" title="Richard Johnson (actor)">Richard Johnson</a> was Pericles; and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Dignam" title="Mark Dignam">Mark Dignam</a> was Simonides. <a href="/wiki/Angela_Baddeley" title="Angela Baddeley">Angela Baddeley</a> was the Bawd. The production was a success; it was later viewed as a model for "coherent" or thematically unified approaches, in contrast to the postmodern or disintegrative approaches of the seventies and eighties.</li></ul> <ul><li>The 1969 production by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Hands" title="Terry Hands">Terry Hands</a> at Stratford also received favourable reviews. The set was almost bare, with a hanging replica of <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Vitruvian_Man" title="Vitruvian Man">Vitruvian Man</a> above a bare stage. Hands also introduced extensive doubling, which has since become a staple of productions of this play. <a href="/wiki/Emrys_James" title="Emrys James">Emrys James</a> played Gower (as a Welsh bard) and Helicanus. <a href="/wiki/Susan_Fleetwood" title="Susan Fleetwood">Susan Fleetwood</a> doubled Thaisa and Marina (with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Sheers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Sheers (page does not exist)">Susan Sheers</a> playing Marina when the two characters appear together in the final scene).<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Richardson" title="Ian Richardson">Ian Richardson</a> played the title role. For the performances on the nights of the <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Apollo landing</a>, Hands added a special acknowledgment of the event to Gower's lines.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ron Daniels directed the play in 1979 at <a href="/wiki/The_Other_Place_(theatre)" title="The Other Place (theatre)">The Other Place</a>, an unlikely venue for such an expansive play. Daniels compensated for the lack of space by canny use of lighting and offstage music and sound effects. <a href="/wiki/Peter_McEnery" title="Peter McEnery">Peter McEnery</a> played Pericles; <a href="/wiki/Julie_Peasgood" title="Julie Peasgood">Julie Peasgood</a> was Marina. <a href="/wiki/Griffith_Jones_(actor)" title="Griffith Jones (actor)">Griffith Jones</a> was Gower.</li></ul> <ul><li>The play was among those adapted for the <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">BBC Television Shakespeare</a></i> series and was first transmitted on 8 December 1984. The play was opened out so as to deal with the various locations and time intervals and was given a thoughtful and moving interpretation. <a href="/wiki/Mike_Gwilym" title="Mike Gwilym">Mike Gwilym</a> played Pericles, <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Redman" title="Amanda Redman">Amanda Redman</a> was Marina and <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Stevenson" title="Juliet Stevenson">Juliet Stevenson</a> was Thaisa. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/David_Jones_(director)" title="David Jones (director)">David Jones</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>In 1989, David Thacker directed the play at the <a href="/wiki/Swan_Theatre_(Stratford)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swan Theatre (Stratford)">Swan</a>. The production was centred on a grid-covered trap suspended in air; the brothel scenes were played below, as in a basement; the shipboard scenes were played on and around the grid. <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Walker" title="Rudolph Walker">Rudolph Walker</a> was Gower, dressed as a bureaucrat; <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Terry" title="Nigel Terry">Nigel Terry</a> played Pericles, and Suzan Sylvester and Sally Edwards were Marina and Thaisa, respectively.</li></ul> <ul><li>Productions in the 1990s differed from earlier productions in that they generally stressed the dislocation and diversity inherent in the play's setting, rather than striving for thematic and tonal coherence. As early as 1983, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellars" title="Peter Sellars">Peter Sellars</a> directed a production in Boston that featured extras dressed as contemporary <a href="/wiki/American_homeless_people" class="mw-redirect" title="American homeless people">American homeless people</a>; devices such as these dominated English main stages in the nineties. Phyllida Lloyd directed the play at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a> in 1994. The production used extensive doubling. <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Hunter" title="Kathryn Hunter">Kathryn Hunter</a> played Antiochus, Cerimon, and the Bawd. The production made extensive use of the mechanised wheel in the theatre to emphasise movement in time and space; however, the wheel's noise made some scenes difficult to hear, and some critics disparaged what they saw as pointless gimmickry in the staging.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Noble" title="Adrian Noble">Adrian Noble</a>'s 2002 production at the <a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(venue)" title="Roundhouse (venue)">Roundhouse</a> (his last before leaving the RSC) stressed diversity in another way. Responding to critical interest in <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a>, Noble accentuated the multicultural aspects of the play's setting. <a href="/wiki/Ray_Fearon" title="Ray Fearon">Ray Fearon</a> took the title role to Lauren Ward's Thaisa; <a href="/wiki/Kananu_Kirimi" title="Kananu Kirimi">Kananu Kirimi</a> played Marina. <a href="/wiki/Brian_Protheroe" title="Brian Protheroe">Brian Protheroe</a> was Gower. In an echo of the music played during the interval of the 1619 Whitehall performance, Noble featured belly dancing and drumming during the intermission of his production.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Zimmerman" title="Mary Zimmerman">Mary Zimmerman</a> directed Pericles at Washington D.C.'s <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Theatre_Company" title="Shakespeare Theatre Company">Shakespeare Theatre Company</a> for their 2004–05 Season. The production transferred to Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Goodman_Theatre" title="Goodman Theatre">Goodman Theatre</a> in 2006.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Shakespeare_Company" title="Hudson Shakespeare Company">Hudson Shakespeare Company</a> of New Jersey mounted the play in two separate productions in their annual <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_festivals" title="Shakespeare in the Park festivals">Shakespeare in the Parks</a> series, directed by Jon Ciccarelli (2006) and Noelle Fair (2014) respectively. Both directors noted the 2002 Adrian Noble production as a direct influence on their productions utilizing diversely ethnic casts and set in Mediterranean locales. Ciccarelli's production took a more historical and literary slant on the story using <a href="/wiki/Gower" class="mw-redirect" title="Gower">Gower</a> as a direct story teller of the action in medieval costume vs. the Greek/Turkish garb of the main cast. Fair's production took a more dream like approach using a variety of international music and devised movement pieces to convey the Gower dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haj" title="Joseph Haj">Joseph Haj</a> directed several productions of <i>Pericles</i> from 2008 to 2016: at the PlayMakers Repertory Company in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, in 2008; at the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Oregon Shakespeare Festival">Oregon Shakespeare Festival</a> in 2015; and at the <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_Theater" title="Guthrie Theater">Guthrie Theater</a> in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 2016—his inaugural production as artistic director of that institution.<sup id="cite_ref-Haj_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The 2015 <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a> production directed by <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Dromgoole" title="Dominic Dromgoole">Dominic Dromgoole</a> used a minimal set within the tiny, candlelit <a href="/wiki/Sam_Wanamaker_Playhouse" title="Sam Wanamaker Playhouse">Sam Wanamaker Playhouse</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Reid" title="Sheila Reid">Sheila Reid</a> played Gower and <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Garnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Garnon (page does not exist)">James Garnon</a> played Pericles. The production was noted for its humor.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cesear's Forum, Cleveland's <a href="/wiki/Minimalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimalist">minimalist</a> theatre company at <a href="/wiki/Playhouse_Square" title="Playhouse Square">Playhouse Square</a>, deconstructed the play in an adaptation entitled <i>Perhaps, Pericles.</i> Four actors in search of Shakespeare was the nub of this 2013 production.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>There have been four important productions of "Pericles" mounted at <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Festival" title="Stratford Festival">The Stratford Festival</a> in Stratford, Canada. In 1973 there was a production directed by Jean Gascon that was repeated in 1974; there were later productions, respectively in 1986, 2003, and the latest in 2015. Both the 1973 and 1974 productions had the same cast, headed by Stratford stars, Nicholas Pennel and <a href="/wiki/Martha_Henry" title="Martha Henry">Martha Henry</a>; the 1986 production was directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ouzounian" title="Richard Ouzounian">Richard Ouzounian</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Geraint_Wyn_Davies" title="Geraint Wyn Davies">Geraint Wyn Davies</a> and Goldie Semple; the 2003 production was directed by Leon Rubin and starred Jonathan Goad; and in 2015 the director was Scott Wentworth and starred <a href="/wiki/Evan_Buliung" title="Evan Buliung">Evan Buliung</a>. The 2015 production was filmed by <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a> for the Shakespearean film series <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_Presents_the_Stratford_Festival" title="CBC Presents the Stratford Festival">CBC Presents the Stratford Festival</a></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Theatre_for_a_New_Audience" title="Theatre for a New Audience">Theatre for a New Audience</a> in New York City staged a production in early 2016 directed by <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Nunn" title="Trevor Nunn">Trevor Nunn</a> with <a href="/wiki/Christian_Camargo" title="Christian Camargo">Christian Camargo</a> as Pericles. Nunn utilized a generally bare stage but with more elaborate and ornate costuming from different eras and cultures. Nunn shifted some scenes around and brought in prose text from George Wilkins' Pericles story (thought to be the co-author of this play with Shakespeare) in order to improve the pace and clarity of the story. The production included folk songs and dances interwoven throughout the play as was often done in the original Shakespeare productions.</li></ul> <ul><li>The 2016 <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_Theater" title="Guthrie Theater">Guthrie Theater</a> production directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haj" title="Joseph Haj">Joseph Haj</a> was a collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Oregon Shakespeare Festival">Oregon Shakespeare Festival</a>. Unlike most scholars, Haj believes that the play was written entirely by Shakespeare, calling it "deep" and "mature". Rather than an elaborate set, the play uses visual projections on a large screen; this is particularly effective for the shipwreck scene and the "literal wall of water... coming right at you.".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Musicians effectively set the mood, create tension, and underscore the theme.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The BBC has broadcast two radio adaptations of the play: one in 2005 starring <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mannion" title="Tom Mannion">Tom Mannion</a> as Pericles and one in 2017 with <a href="/wiki/Willard_White" title="Willard White">Willard White</a> as Gower, <a href="/wiki/Paapa_Essiedu" title="Paapa Essiedu">Paapa Essiedu</a> as Pericles and <a href="/wiki/Adjoa_Andoh" title="Adjoa Andoh">Adjoa Andoh</a> as Dionyza/Lychorida.</li></ul> <ul><li>In August 2019, Dan Dawes directed a stripped back, multi-roling production of the play for the company Idle Discourse, which focused heavily on bold storytelling and physical comedy. The production initially ran at London's <a href="/wiki/Upstairs_at_the_Gatehouse" title="Upstairs at the Gatehouse">Upstairs at the Gatehouse</a> in Highgate before transferring to the Baroque Palace Theatre in the Palace of <a href="/wiki/Valtice" title="Valtice">Valtice</a>, Czech Republic, the following month. Tom Grace starred as Pericles, Adam Elms as Gower, and Lauren Cornelius as Marina.</li></ul> <ul><li>In 2020, members of Mary Baldwin University's MFA company model performed the show as part of Fireside Shakespeare Company's 2020-2021 season. Directed by Millie Koncelik, the show was a small-scale production in which five actors portrayed all the characters. Due to the restraints of the pandemic, the production was masked and socially distanced. As part of the show's concept, each of the five actors in turn performed one of Gower's choruses throughout the show.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a> have completed a July-September 2024 run of <i>Pericles</i> at <a href="/wiki/Stratford-Upon-Avon" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratford-Upon-Avon">Stratford-Upon-Avon</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, and this production has gone on tour to <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Shakespeare_Theater" title="Chicago Shakespeare Theater">Chicago Shakespeare Theater</a> from 20 October to 08 December, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. The production is directed by <a href="/wiki/Tamara_Harvey" title="Tamara Harvey">Tamara Harvey</a> with <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Enoch" title="Alfred Enoch">Alfred Enoch</a> as Pericles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. g., DelVecchio & Hammond,<sup id="cite_ref-Del_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Del-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gossett,<sup id="cite_ref-Gossett_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gossett-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren,<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mowat.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOrgel2019" class="citation book cs1">Orgel, Stephen (2019). <i>Pericles Prince of Tyre- Introduction</i>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101667323" title="Special:BookSources/9781101667323"><bdi>9781101667323</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pericles+Prince+of+Tyre-+Introduction&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781101667323&rft.aulast=Orgel&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Del-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Del_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Del_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Del_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeareDelVecchio,_DorothyHammond,_Antony1998" class="citation book cs1">Shakespeare, William; DelVecchio, Dorothy; Hammond, Antony (1998). <i>Pericles</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22907-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22907-3"><bdi>0-521-22907-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pericles&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-22907-3&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=DelVecchio%2C+Dorothy&rft.au=Hammond%2C+Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gossett-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gossett_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gossett_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeareGossett,_Suzanne2004" class="citation book cs1">Shakespeare, William; Gossett, Suzanne (2004). <i>Pericles</i>. London: Arden Shakespeare. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903436-84-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-903436-84-2"><bdi>1-903436-84-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pericles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Arden+Shakespeare&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-903436-84-2&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Gossett%2C+Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warren-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeareWilkins,_George2003" class="citation book cs1">Shakespeare, William; Wilkins, George (2003). Warren, Roger (ed.). <i>Pericles</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-281460-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-281460-5"><bdi>0-19-281460-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pericles&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-19-281460-5&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mowat-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mowat_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeareMowat,_Barbara_A.2005" class="citation book cs1">Shakespeare, William; Mowat, Barbara A.; et al. (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/periclespinceoft00shak"><i>Pericles</i></a></span>. New York: Washington Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-7329-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-7329-X"><bdi>0-7432-7329-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pericles&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Washington+Square+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7432-7329-X&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Mowat%2C+Barbara+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpericlespinceoft00shak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vickers-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vickers_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vickers, Brian. <i>Shakespeare, Co-Author</i>, Oxford UP, 2002, pp. 291–293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halliday-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halliday_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. E. Halliday, A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964, Baltimore, Penguin, 1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Nicholl, 'The gent upstairs', <i>Guardian</i> 20 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Library, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/treasures/shakespeare/pericles.html">"Pericles, creation of the play"</a>, <i>Shakespeare Quartos</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Orgel, Stephen. Introduction to <i>Pericles</i> in <i>The Complete Pelican Shakespeare</i> (2002) p. 606.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicholl_(author)" title="Charles Nicholl (author)">Nicholl, Charles</a>. <i>The Lodger</i> (2007) p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwards, Philip. "An Approach to the Problem of Pericles." <i>Shakespeare Studies</i> 5 (1952): 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger Prior, "The Life of George Wilkins," <i>Shakespeare Survey</i> 55 (1972).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe, Nicholas, <i>Some Account of the Life &c. of Mr. William Shakespeare</i>, 1709.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, MacDonald P. <i>Defining Shakespeare: Pericles as a Test Case</i>. (200) n13 p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hope, Jonathan. <i>The Authorship of Shakespeare's Plays: A Socio-Linguistic Study</i> (Cambridge, 1994); Jackson, MacDonald P. "The Authorship of <i>Pericles</i>: The Evidence of Infinitives", <i>Note & Queries</i> 238 (2993): pp. 197–200; Jackson 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowden-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dowden_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dowden_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Dowden. Shakespeare, His Mind and His Art. Dublin: 1875</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Shakespeare Quarterly</i> 4 257–270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Bloom "Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human" (Riverhead Books, 1998) p. 604.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriverRay2009" class="citation book cs1">Driver, Martha W.; Ray, Sid, eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z36yCwdHQzoC&pg=PA215"><i>Shakespeare and the Middle Ages: Essays on the Performance and Adaptation of the Plays with Medieval Sources or Settings</i></a>. McFarland. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786491650" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786491650"><bdi>978-0786491650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+and+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Essays+on+the+Performance+and+Adaptation+of+the+Plays+with+Medieval+Sources+or+Settings&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0786491650&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ36yCwdHQzoC%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/MacDonald_P._Jackson" title="MacDonald P. Jackson">MacDonald P. Jackson</a>, <i>Defining Shakespeare: Pericles as Test Case</i> (Oxford, 2003), p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siobhan Keenan, "The Simpson players of Jacobean Yorkshire and the professional stage", <i>Theatre Notebook</i>, 67:1 (2013), pp. 16–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110219103948/http://australiadancing.org/subjects/3981.html">Australia Dancing – Sainthill, Loudon (1919–1969)</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hudsonshakespeare.org/Articles/2006articles/periclestratford.html">"Shakespeare Troupe bringing "Pericles" to Stratford Library Shakespeare Company to perform on July 8"</a>. Stratford Bard. June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shakespeare+Troupe+bringing+%22Pericles%22+to+Stratford+Library+Shakespeare+Company+to+perform+on+July+8&rft.date=2006-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hudsonshakespeare.org%2FArticles%2F2006articles%2Fpericlestratford.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/cranford/index.ssf/2014/07/shakespeares_pericles_comes_to.html">"Shakespeare's 'Pericles' comes to Kenilworth Aug. 14"</a>. Cranford Chronicle. 29 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shakespeare%27s+%27Pericles%27+comes+to+Kenilworth+Aug.+14&rft.date=2014-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fcranford%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F07%2Fshakespeares_pericles_comes_to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haj-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haj_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Printed program for Guthrie Theater production of <i>Pericles,</i> 16 January – 21 February 2016, p. 10. Press release, “Playmakers’ Haj Takes UNC/Chapel Hill Creative Team to Oregon Shakespeare Festival,” <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://playmakersrep.org/press/playmakers-haj-takes-uncchapel-hill-creative-team-to-oregon-shakespeare-festival/">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2015" class="citation news cs1">Billington, Michael (26 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/nov/26/pericles-sam-wanamaker-playhouse-globe-theatre-london-review">"Pericles review – marine miracles on an adventure around the Med"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pericles+review+%E2%80%93+marine+miracles+on+an+adventure+around+the+Med&rft.date=2015-11-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2015%2Fnov%2F26%2Fpericles-sam-wanamaker-playhouse-globe-theatre-london-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHELLER2013" class="citation web cs1">HELLER, FRAN (1 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/archives/perhaps-pericles-deft-take-on-alleged-shakespeare-play/article_59c7c17c-b26e-11e2-aa98-001a4bcf887a.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Perhaps, Pericles' deft take on alleged Shakespeare play"</a>. <i>Cleveland Jewish News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cleveland+Jewish+News&rft.atitle=%27Perhaps%2C+Pericles%27+deft+take+on+alleged+Shakespeare+play&rft.date=2013-05-01&rft.aulast=HELLER&rft.aufirst=FRAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevelandjewishnews.com%2Farchives%2Fperhaps-pericles-deft-take-on-alleged-shakespeare-play%2Farticle_59c7c17c-b26e-11e2-aa98-001a4bcf887a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress2016" class="citation web cs1">Press, Dominic P. Papatola | Special to the Pioneer (25 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twincities.com/2016/01/25/theater-review-pericles-is-an-impressive-debut-for-new-guthrie-chief/">"Theater review: 'Pericles' is an impressive debut for new Guthrie chief"</a>. <i>Twin Cities</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twin+Cities&rft.atitle=Theater+review%3A+%27Pericles%27+is+an+impressive+debut+for+new+Guthrie+chief&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft.aulast=Press&rft.aufirst=Dominic+P.+Papatola+%7C+Special+to+the+Pioneer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2016%2F01%2F25%2Ftheater-review-pericles-is-an-impressive-debut-for-new-guthrie-chief%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAalgaard2016" class="citation web cs1">Aalgaard, Mary (25 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://playoffthepage.com/2016/01/review-of-pericles-at-the-guthrie-theater/">"Review of Pericles at The Guthrie Theater"</a>. <i>Play Off The Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Play+Off+The+Page&rft.atitle=Review+of+Pericles+at+The+Guthrie+Theater&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft.aulast=Aalgaard&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplayoffthepage.com%2F2016%2F01%2Freview-of-pericles-at-the-guthrie-theater%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org.uk/pericles/cast-and-creatives">"Cast and Creatives:Pericles"</a>. <i>rsc.org</i>. Royal Shakespeare Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rsc.org&rft.atitle=Cast+and+Creatives%3APericles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org.uk%2Fpericles%2Fcast-and-creatives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.chicagoshakes.com/productions/2425-pericles/">https://www.chicagoshakes.com/productions/2425-pericles/</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeare" class="citation book cs1">Shakespeare, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://william-shakespeare.classic-literature.co.uk/pericles-prince-of-tyre"><i>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(.HTML)</span>. United Kingdom: Classic Literature Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Classic+Literature+Library&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwilliam-shakespeare.classic-literature.co.uk%2Fpericles-prince-of-tyre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakespeare" class="citation book cs1">Shakespeare, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maximumedge.com/shakespeare/pericles.htm"><i>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</i></a>. Toronto: MaximumEdge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=MaximumEdge&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maximumedge.com%2Fshakespeare%2Fpericles.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APericles%2C+Prince+of+Tyre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Skeele, David. <i>Thwarting the Wayward Seas: A critical and Theatrical History of Shakespeare's</i> Pericles <i>in the 19th and 20th Centuries</i>. Newark: University of Delaware Press 1998.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Shakespeare"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_plays" title="Shakespeare's plays">Plays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Comedies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All%27s_Well_That_Ends_Well" title="All's Well That Ends Well">All's Well That Ends Well</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Comedy_of_Errors" title="The Comedy of Errors">The Comedy of Errors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbeline" title="Cymbeline">Cymbeline</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labour%27s_Lost" title="Love's Labour's Lost">Love's Labour's Lost</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pericles, Prince of Tyre</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew" title="The Taming of the Shrew">The Taming of the Shrew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona" title="The Two Gentlemen of Verona">The Two Gentlemen of Verona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Noble_Kinsmen" title="The Two Noble Kinsmen">The Two Noble Kinsmen</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_tragedy" title="Shakespearean tragedy">Tragedies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus">Coriolanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timon_of_Athens" title="Timon of Athens">Timon of Athens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_history" title="Shakespearean history">Histories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/King_John_(play)" title="King John (play)">King John</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_(play)" title="Edward III (play)">Edward III</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i></li> <li><i>Henry IV</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_1" title="Henry IV, Part 1">1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_2" title="Henry IV, Part 2">2</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_(play)" title="Henry VI (play)">Henry VI</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_1" title="Henry VI, Part 1">1</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_2" title="Henry VI, Part 2">2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_3" title="Henry VI, Part 3">3</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a></i> ✻</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_texts_of_Shakespeare%27s_works" title="Early texts of Shakespeare's works">Early editions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespeare_plays_in_quarto" title="List of Shakespeare plays in quarto">Quarto publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Folio" title="Second Folio">Second Folio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_problem_play" title="Shakespearean problem play">Problem plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_late_romances" title="Shakespeare's late romances">Late romances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriad" title="Henriad">Henriad</a></li> <li>Characters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_characters_(A%E2%80%93K)" title="List of Shakespearean characters (A–K)">A–K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_characters_(L%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of Shakespearean characters (L–Z)">L–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_character" title="Ghost character">Ghost character</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Shakespeare%27s_plays" title="Chronology of Shakespeare's plays">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_performance" title="Shakespeare in performance">Performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_settings" title="List of Shakespearean settings">Settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_scenes" title="List of Shakespearean scenes">Scenes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chandos_portrait" title="Chandos portrait"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/75px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/113px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/150px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets" title="Shakespeare's sonnets">Shakespeare's sonnets</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrarch%27s_and_Shakespeare%27s_sonnets" title="Petrarch's and Shakespeare's sonnets">comparison to Petrarch</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lover%27s_Complaint" title="A Lover's Complaint">A Lover's Complaint</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_and_the_Turtle" title="The Phoenix and the Turtle">The Phoenix and the Turtle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Lucrece" title="The Rape of Lucrece">The Rape of Lucrece</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_and_Adonis_(Shakespeare_poem)" title="Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem)">Venus and Adonis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_apocrypha" title="Shakespeare apocrypha">Apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arden_of_Faversham" title="Arden of Faversham">Arden of Faversham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Merlin" title="The Birth of Merlin">The Birth of Merlin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Cardenio" title="The History of Cardenio">Cardenio</a></i> ✻†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Falsehood" title="Double Falsehood">Double Falsehood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ironside_(play)" title="Edmund Ironside (play)">Edmund Ironside</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fair_Em" title="Fair Em">Fair Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locrine" title="Locrine">Locrine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Prodigal" title="The London Prodigal">The London Prodigal</a></i></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labour%27s_Won" title="Love's Labour's Won">Love's Labour's Won</a></i> †</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Devil_of_Edmonton" title="The Merry Devil of Edmonton">The Merry Devil of Edmonton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mucedorus" title="Mucedorus">Mucedorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Puritan" title="The Puritan">The Puritan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Maiden%27s_Tragedy" title="The Second Maiden's Tragedy">The Second Maiden's Tragedy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sejanus_His_Fall" title="Sejanus His Fall">Sejanus His Fall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Oldcastle" title="Sir John Oldcastle">Sir John Oldcastle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_(play)" title="Sir Thomas More (play)">Sir Thomas More</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Tragedy" title="The Spanish Tragedy">The Spanish Tragedy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lord_Cromwell" title="Thomas Lord Cromwell">Thomas Lord Cromwell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Woodstock_(play)" title="Thomas of Woodstock (play)">Thomas of Woodstock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ur-Hamlet" title="Ur-Hamlet">Ur-Hamlet</a></i> †</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vortigern_and_Rowena" title="Vortigern and Rowena">Vortigern and Rowena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Yorkshire_Tragedy" title="A Yorkshire Tragedy">A Yorkshire Tragedy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passionate_Pilgrim" title="The Passionate Pilgrim">The Passionate Pilgrim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Queen" title="To the Queen">To the Queen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Life of William Shakespeare">Life</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of works by William Shakespeare">works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace" title="Shakespeare's Birthplace">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of works by William Shakespeare">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Works_of_Shakespeare" title="Complete Works of Shakespeare">Complete Works</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of translations of works by William Shakespeare">Translations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_coat_of_arms" title="Shakespeare coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare%27s_collaborations" title="William Shakespeare's collaborations">Collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_editors" title="Shakespeare's editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance_theatre" title="English Renaissance theatre">English Renaissance theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_handwriting" title="Shakespeare's handwriting">Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Men" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a>/<a href="/wiki/King%27s_Men_(playing_company)" title="King's Men (playing company)">King's Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Theatre" title="The Theatre">The Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_Theatre" title="Curtain Theatre">Curtain Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_plays_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Music in the plays of William Shakespeare">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Place" title="New Place">New Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Shakespeare" title="Portraits of Shakespeare">Portraits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Religious views of William Shakespeare">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Sexuality of William Shakespeare">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_of_Shakespeare%27s_name" title="Spelling of Shakespeare's name">Spelling of his name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_writing_style" title="Shakespeare's writing style">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_will" title="Shakespeare's will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon">Grave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reputation_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Reputation of William Shakespeare">Legacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_attribution_studies" title="Shakespeare attribution studies">Attribution studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_authorship_question" title="Shakespeare authorship question">Authorship question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardolatry" title="Bardolatry">Bardolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_festival" title="Shakespeare festival">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_garden" title="Shakespeare garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Influence of William Shakespeare">Influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_William_Shakespeare" title="Memorials to William Shakespeare">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_William_Shakespeare_screen_adaptations" title="List of William Shakespeare screen adaptations">Screen adaptations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_and_Star_Trek" title="Shakespeare and Star Trek">Shakespeare and <i>Star Trek</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_titled_after_Shakespeare" title="List of works titled after Shakespeare">Works titled after Shakespeare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Institutions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Quarterly" title="Shakespeare Quarterly">Shakespeare Quarterly</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="Royal Shakespeare Theatre">Royal Shakespeare Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Birthplace_Trust" title="Shakespeare Birthplace Trust">Shakespeare Birthplace Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a> (replica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(wife_of_Shakespeare)" title="Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)">Anne Hathaway</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Hall" title="Susanna Hall">Susanna Hall</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnet_Shakespeare" title="Hamnet Shakespeare">Hamnet Shakespeare</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Quiney" title="Judith Quiney">Judith Quiney</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barnard" title="Elizabeth Barnard">Elizabeth Barnard</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shakespeare" title="John Shakespeare">John Shakespeare</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shakespeare" title="Mary Shakespeare">Mary Arden</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shakespeare" title="Gilbert Shakespeare">Gilbert Shakespeare</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Shakespeare" title="Joan Shakespeare">Joan Shakespeare</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Shakespeare" title="Edmund Shakespeare">Edmund Shakespeare</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shakespeare" title="Richard Shakespeare">Richard Shakespeare</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(physician)" title="John Hall (physician)">John Hall</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Quiney" title="Thomas Quiney">Thomas Quiney</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>✻ <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare%27s_collaborations" title="William Shakespeare's collaborations">Shakespeare and other authors</a></li> <li>† Lost</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:William_Shakespeare" title="Category:William Shakespeare">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Template:Pericles, Prince of Tyre"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Template talk:Pericles, Prince of Tyre"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pericles, Prince of Tyre"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pericles, Prince of Tyre</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Gower" title="John Gower">John Gower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pericles_1609.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pericles_1609.jpg/90px-Pericles_1609.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pericles_1609.jpg/135px-Pericles_1609.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Pericles_1609.jpg/180px-Pericles_1609.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sources">Sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Confessio_Amantis" title="Confessio Amantis">Confessio Amantis</a></i> (1390)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pattern_of_Painful_Adventures" title="The Pattern of Painful Adventures">The Pattern of Painful Adventures</a></i> (1576)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">Pericles, Prince of Tyre</a></i> (1984; TV)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wilkins" title="George Wilkins">George Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_late_romances" title="Shakespeare's late romances">Shakespeare's late romances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_apocrypha" title="Shakespeare apocrypha">Shakespeare apocrypha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Tyre" title="Apollonius of Tyre">Apollonius of Tyre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pattern_of_Painful_Adventures_(radio_play)" title="The Pattern of Painful Adventures (radio play)"><i>The Pattern of Painful Adventures</i></a> (2008; radio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_water" title="First water">First water</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Porpoise" title="The Porpoise">The Porpoise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laurence_Olivier_Award_for_Best_Revival" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E0E0E0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OlivierAward_PlayRevival" title="Template:OlivierAward PlayRevival"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OlivierAward_PlayRevival" title="Template talk:OlivierAward PlayRevival"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward_PlayRevival" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward PlayRevival"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laurence_Olivier_Award_for_Best_Revival" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Award_for_Best_Revival" title="Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival">Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E0E0E0;;width:1%">1991–1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pericles</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedda_Gabler" title="Hedda Gabler">Hedda Gabler</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Inspector_Calls" title="An Inspector Calls">An Inspector Calls</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Machinal" title="Machinal">Machinal</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #E0E0E0;;width:1%">2003–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Uncle Vanya</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra" title="Mourning Becomes Electra">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedda_Gabler" title="Hedda Gabler">Hedda Gabler</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crucible" title="The Crucible">The Crucible</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joan_(play)" title="Saint Joan (play)">Saint Joan</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_history#The_Wars_of_the_Roses_cycle" title="Shakespearean history">The Histories</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof" title="Cat on a Hot Tin Roof">Cat on a Hot Tin Roof</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_the_Dance_(play)" title="After the Dance (play)">After the Dance</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Christie" title="Anna Christie">Anna Christie</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Long_Day%27s_Journey_into_Night" title="Long Day's Journey into Night">Long Day's Journey into Night</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_(play)" title="Ghosts (play)">Ghosts</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_View_from_the_Bridge" title="A View from the Bridge">A View from the Bridge</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey%27s_Black_Bottom" title="Ma Rainey's Black Bottom">Ma Rainey's Black Bottom</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yerma" title="Yerma">Yerma</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_America" title="Angels in America">Angels in America</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summer_and_Smoke" title="Summer and Smoke">Summer and Smoke</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(play)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (play)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a></i> (2020)</li> <li>No Ceremony (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Constellations_(play)" title="Constellations (play)">Constellations</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Streetcar_Named_Desire" title="A Streetcar Named Desire">A Streetcar Named Desire</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Vanya</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584729#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584729#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312848723">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6744159699941003500004">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/196959004">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/186088369">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/926149198320374940009">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/178161819203327960004">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312555519">7</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3421159478211127990001">8</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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