CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="sco" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Warld War II - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )scowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","Januar","Februar","Mairch","Apryle","Mey","Juin","Julie","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b11f4dfc-66da-4fc0-92d2-2ab1a8333346","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Warld_War_II","wgTitle":"Warld War II","wgCurRevisionId":900468,"wgRevisionId":900468,"wgArticleId":38099,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid","Aw pages needin cleanup","Pages uisin deprecatit eemage syntax","Wikipaedia airticles needin page nummer citations","Pages wi broken file links","CS1 maint: ref=harv","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet","CS1 maint: unrecognised leid","Pages wi citations uisin unsupportit parameters","CS1 errors: missin periodical","CS1 maint: location","Conflicts in 1939","Conflicts in 1940", "Conflicts in 1941","Conflicts in 1942","Conflicts in 1943","Conflicts in 1944","Conflicts in 1945","Global conflicts","History o Montenegro","History o the Soviet Union an Soviet Roushie","History o the Unitit States (1918–45)","Modren Europe","Modren history","Nuclear warfare","Wars involvin Albanie","Wars involvin Australie","Wars involvin Austrick","Wars involvin Belgium","Wars involvin Bolivie","Wars involvin Brazil","Wars involvin Breetish Indie","Wars involvin Bulgarie","Wars involvin Burma","Wars involvin Cambodie","Wars involvin Canadae","Wars involvin Chile","Wars involvin Colombie","Wars involvin Costa Rica","Wars involvin Croatie","Wars involvin Cuba","Wars involvin Czechoslovakie","Wars involvin Denmark","Wars involvin Ecuador","Wars involvin Egyp","Wars involvin El Salvador","Wars involvin Estonie","Wars involvin Ethiopie","Wars involvin Finland","Wars involvin Fraunce","Wars involvin Germany","Wars involvin Greece","Wars involvin Guatemala","Wars involvin Haiti", "Wars involvin Honduras","Wars involvin Hungary","Wars involvin Iceland","Wars involvin Indonesie","Wars involvin Italy","Wars involvin Iran","Wars involvin Iraq","Wars involvin Japan","Wars involvin Laos","Wars involvin Latvie","Wars involvin Lebanon","Wars involvin Liberie","Wars involvin Lithuanie","Wars involvin Luxembourg","Wars involvin Mexico","Wars involvin Mongolie","Wars involvin Montenegro","Wars involvin Nepal","Wars involvin Norawa","Wars involvin Nicaragua","Wars involvin Panama","Wars involvin Paraguay","Wars involvin Peru","Wars involvin Poland","Wars involvin Romanie","Wars involvin Saudi Arabie","Wars involvin Serbie","Wars involvin Slovakie","Wars involvin Slovenie","Wars involvin Sooth Africae","Wars involvin Sri Lanka","Wars involvin Sirie","Wars involvin Thailand","Wars involvin Turkey","Wars involvin the Dominican Republic","Wars involvin the Netherlands","Wars involvin the Philippines","Wars involvin the Republic o Cheenae", "Wars involvin the Republic o Macedonie","Wars involvin the Soviet Union","Wars involvin the Unitit Kinrick","Wars involvin the Unitit States","Wars involvin Uruguay","Wars involvin Venezuela","Wars involvin Vietnam","Warld War II"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sco","wgPageContentLanguage":"sco","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Warld_War_II","wgRelevantArticleId":38099,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sco","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sco"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q362","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sco&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sco&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sco&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1431"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="954"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="763"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Warld War II - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sco.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warld_War_II"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (sco)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sco.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warld_War_II"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sco"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Warld_War_II rootpage-Warld_War_II skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Dern</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Gang til the Main Page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Commonty_Yett" title="Anent the project, whit ye can dae, whaur tae find things">Commonty Yett</a></li><li id="n-discussions" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mercat_Cross">Mercat Cross</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Ae leet o recent chynges in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent chynges</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Laid ae random page [x]" accesskey="x">Wale page allevolie</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="The place tae find oot">Help</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Byordinar pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sco.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopaedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sco.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rake this wiki [f]" accesskey="f"> Rake </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sairch Wikipedia" aria-label="Sairch Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rake this wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rake</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tuils"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sco.wikipedia.org&uselang=sco" class="">Propines</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Warld+War+II" title="We encoorage ye tae creaute aen accoont n log in; houever, it's no strictllie nesisair" class="">Mak accoont</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Warld+War+II" title="It's a guid idea tae log i, but ye dinna hae tae. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tuils" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tuils </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sco.wikipedia.org&uselang=sco">Propines</a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contribute"> Contribute</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Warld+War+II" title="We encoorage ye tae creaute aen accoont n log in; houever, it's no strictllie nesisair"> Mak accoont</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Warld+War+II" title="It's a guid idea tae log i, but ye dinna hae tae. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion anent edits fae this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Collogue for this IP</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Dern</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Backgrund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backgrund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Backgrund </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Backgrund-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Backgrund subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Backgrund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Asie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-war_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-war_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Pre-war events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pre-war_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pre-war events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pre-war_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spaingie_Ceevil_War_(1936–39)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spaingie_Ceevil_War_(1936–39)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Spaingie Ceevil War (1936–39) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spaingie_Ceevil_War_(1936–39)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_invasion_o_Cheenae_(1937)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_invasion_o_Cheenae_(1937)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Japanese invasion o Cheenae (1937) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_invasion_o_Cheenae_(1937)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_occupations_an_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_occupations_an_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 European occupations an agreements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_occupations_an_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coorse_o_the_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coorse_o_the_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Coorse o the war </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coorse_o_the_war-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Coorse o the war subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Coorse_o_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-War_braks_oot_in_Europe_(1939–40)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_braks_oot_in_Europe_(1939–40)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 War braks oot in Europe (1939–40) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_braks_oot_in_Europe_(1939–40)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wastren_Europe_(1940–41)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wastren_Europe_(1940–41)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Wastren Europe (1940–41) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wastren_Europe_(1940–41)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mediterranean_(1940–41)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mediterranean_(1940–41)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Mediterranean (1940–41) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediterranean_(1940–41)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Axis_attack_on_the_USSR_(1941)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axis_attack_on_the_USSR_(1941)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Axis attack on the USSR (1941) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axis_attack_on_the_USSR_(1941)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_braks_out_in_the_Paceefic_(1941)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_braks_out_in_the_Paceefic_(1941)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 War braks out in the Paceefic (1941) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_braks_out_in_the_Paceefic_(1941)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Axis_advance_staws_(1942–43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axis_advance_staws_(1942–43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Axis advance staws (1942–43) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axis_advance_staws_(1942–43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paceefic_(1942–43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paceefic_(1942–43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Paceefic (1942–43) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paceefic_(1942–43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastren_Front_(1942–43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastren_Front_(1942–43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.2 Eastren Front (1942–43) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastren_Front_(1942–43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wastren_Europe/Atlantic_an_Mediterranean_(1942–43)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wastren_Europe/Atlantic_an_Mediterranean_(1942–43)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.3 Wastren Europe/Atlantic an Mediterranean (1942–43) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wastren_Europe/Atlantic_an_Mediterranean_(1942–43)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allies_gain_momentum_(1943–44)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allies_gain_momentum_(1943–44)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Allies gain momentum (1943–44) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allies_gain_momentum_(1943–44)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allies_close_in_(1944)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allies_close_in_(1944)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Allies close in (1944) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allies_close_in_(1944)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Axis_collapse,_Allied_veectory_(1944–45)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axis_collapse,_Allied_veectory_(1944–45)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Axis collapse, Allied veectory (1944–45) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axis_collapse,_Allied_veectory_(1944–45)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Eftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Casualties_an_war_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties_an_war_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Casualties an war crimes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties_an_war_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genocide_an_concentration_camps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genocide_an_concentration_camps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Genocide an concentration camps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genocide_an_concentration_camps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Warld War II</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 234 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-234" aria-hidden="true" > 234 leids </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweiter_Weltkrieg" title="Zweiter Weltkrieg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zweiter Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%88%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8C%A6%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="2ኛው ዓለማዊ ጦርነት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="2ኛው ዓለማዊ ጦርነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8C%C3%B0ru_Woruldg%C5%AB%C3%BE" title="Ōðru Woruldgūþ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ōðru Woruldgūþ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحرب العالمية الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب العالمية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="لحرب لعالمية الجاوجة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحرب لعالمية الجاوجة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الحرب العالميه التانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحرب العالميه التانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A" title="КӀиабилеб дунялалъулаб рагъ – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="КӀиабилеб дунялалъулаб рагъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_D%C3%BCnya_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si" title="İkinci Dünya müharibəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkinci Dünya müharibəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی دونیا ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Икенсе донъя һуғышы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Икенсе донъя һуғышы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuda_Jagat_II" title="Yuda Jagat II – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yuda Jagat II" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwoata_W%C3%B6dkriag" title="Zwoata Wödkriag – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zwoata Wödkriag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontra_svieta_vaina" title="Ontra svieta vaina – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ontra svieta vaina" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaduwang_Gerang_Pankinaban" title="Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ikaduwang Gerang Pankinaban" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Другая сусветная вайна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Другая сусветная вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Другая сусьветная вайна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Другая сусьветная вайна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора световна война – Bulgairien" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Втора световна война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgairien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="दुसरा बिस्व जुद्ध – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दुसरा बिस्व जुद्ध" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Wo_Tu" title="Wol Wo Tu – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Wol Wo Tu" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%85%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB" title="ဒုတိယကမ္ဘာႏစဲ့ꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဒုတိယကမ္ဘာႏစဲ့ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="འཛམ་གླིང་འཁྲུག་ཆེན་གཉིས་པ་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཛམ་གླིང་འཁྲུག་ཆེན་གཉིས་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eil_Brezel-bed" title="Eil Brezel-bed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eil Brezel-bed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Drugi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porang_Dunia_pa_2" title="Porang Dunia pa 2 – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Porang Dunia pa 2" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дэлхэйн хоёрдугаар дайн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segona Guerra Mundial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segona Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2%CC%A4-n%C3%AA-ch%C3%A9%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3_Si%C3%A9-g%C3%A1i_D%C3%A2i-ci%C3%A9ng" title="Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâ̤-nê-ché̤ṳ Sié-gái Dâi-ciéng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Шуренан шолгӀа тӀом – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шуренан шолгӀа тӀом" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaduhang_Gubat_Kalibotanon" title="Ikaduhang Gubat Kalibotanon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ikaduhang Gubat Kalibotanon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%85" title="جەنگی جیھانیی دووەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەنگی جیھانیی دووەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Guerra_Mundiale" title="Seconda Guerra Mundiale – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Seconda Guerra Mundiale" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekinci_Cian_cenki" title="Ekinci Cian cenki – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ekinci Cian cenki" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="Druhá světová válka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá světová válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%A7_%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%94%D0%BB%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%A7_%E2%80%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%E2%80%8B" title="Втораѧ всєлєнскаѧ воина – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Втораѧ всєлєнскаѧ воина" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%80%C3%A7%D0%B8" title="Иккĕмĕш Тĕнче вăрçи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иккĕмĕш Тĕнче вăрçи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Ail_Ryfel_Byd" title="Yr Ail Ryfel Byd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Ail Ryfel Byd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig – Dens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="2. verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweiter_Weltkrieg" title="Zweiter Weltkrieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweiter Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94%C5%8B_Pinynhom_de_R%C3%B6u" title="Tɔŋ Pinynhom de Röu – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Tɔŋ Pinynhom de Röu" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb%C3%AA_D%C4%B1nyay%C3%AA_D%C4%B1y%C4%B1ne" title="Herbê Dınyayê Dıyıne – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Herbê Dınyayê Dıyıne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_sw%C4%9Btowa_w%C3%B3jna" title="Druga swětowa wójna – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Druga swětowa wójna" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%AC%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A6_%DE%84%DE%AE%DE%91%DE%AA_%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A6" title="ދެވަނަ ބޮޑު ހަނގުރާމަ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދެވަނަ ބޮޑު ހަނގުރާމަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%84_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sec%C3%A5nda_gu%C3%A8ra_mundi%C3%A8l" title="Secånda guèra mundièl – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Secånda guèra mundièl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II – Inglis" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="World War II" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inglis" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_Mondmilito" title="Dua Mondmilito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dua Mondmilito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – Spainish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spainish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teine_maailmas%C3%B5da" title="Teine maailmasõda – Eastlands" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teine maailmasõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Eastlands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Guerra_Mundial" title="II Guerra Mundial – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="II Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="جنگ جهانی دوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ جهانی دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toinen_maailmansota" title="Toinen maailmansota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toinen maailmansota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B5%C3%B5n%C3%B5_ilmas%C3%B5da" title="Tõõnõ ilmasõda – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tõõnõ ilmasõda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seinni_heimsbardagi" title="Seinni heimsbardagi – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Seinni heimsbardagi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seconde Guerre mondiale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Gu%C3%A8rra_mondi%C3%A2la" title="Seconda Guèrra mondiâla – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Seconda Guèrra mondiâla" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naist_W%C3%A4%C3%A4ltkrich" title="Naist Wäältkrich – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Naist Wäältkrich" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_vuere_mondi%C3%A2l" title="Seconde vuere mondiâl – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Seconde vuere mondiâl" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twadde_Wr%C3%A2ldkriich" title="Twadde Wrâldkriich – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Twadde Wrâldkriich" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Dara_Cogadh_Domhanda" title="An Dara Cogadh Domhanda – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Dara Cogadh Domhanda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="第二次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9gonn_Lag%C3%A8r_mondyal" title="Ségonn Lagèr mondyal – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ségonn Lagèr mondyal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_D%C3%A0rna_Cogadh" title="An Dàrna Cogadh – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Dàrna Cogadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Segunda guerra mundial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Segunda guerra mundial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91orair%C3%B5_Guasu_Mok%C3%B5iha" title="Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñorairõ Guasu Mokõiha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5_%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A7" title="બીજું વિશ્વ યુદ્ધ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બીજું વિશ્વ યુદ્ધ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Nah_Chaggey_Dowanagh" title="Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C6%99in_Duniya_na_II" title="Yaƙin Duniya na II – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaƙin Duniya na II" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-ngi-chh%E1%B9%B3_S%E1%B9%B3-kie_Thai-chan" title="Thi-ngi-chhṳ Sṳ-kie Thai-chan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-ngi-chhṳ Sṳ-kie Thai-chan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="מלחמת העולם השנייה – Ebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת העולם השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="World War II" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drugi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druha_sw%C4%9Btowa_w%C3%B3jna" title="Druha swětowa wójna – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Druha swětowa wójna" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezy%C3%A8m_G%C3%A8_mondyal" title="Dezyèm Gè mondyal – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dezyèm Gè mondyal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1sodik_vil%C3%A1gh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Második világháború – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Második világháború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Երկրորդ համաշխարհային պատերազմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրորդ համաշխարհային պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Երկրորդ Համաշխարհային Պատերազմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երկրորդ Համաշխարհային Պատերազմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secunde_Guerra_Mundial" title="Secunde Guerra Mundial – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Secunde Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunya_Kedua" title="Perang Dunya Kedua – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Perang Dunya Kedua" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Dunia II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duesim_Guerre_Mundal" title="Duesim Guerre Mundal – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Duesim Guerre Mundal" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="World War II" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maikadua_a_Sangalubongan_a_Gubat" title="Maikadua a Sangalubongan a Gubat – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Maikadua a Sangalubongan a Gubat" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duesma_mondomilito" title="Duesma mondomilito – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Duesma mondomilito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seinni_heimsstyrj%C3%B6ldin" title="Seinni heimsstyrjöldin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Seinni heimsstyrjöldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda guerra mondiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%A6" title="第二次世界大戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第二次世界大戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Waar_II" title="Wol Waar II – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wol Waar II" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/remoi_ke_terdi_nunjamna" title="remoi ke terdi nunjamna – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="remoi ke terdi nunjamna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Donya_II" title="Perang Donya II – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perang Donya II" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მეორე მსოფლიო ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეორე მსოფლიო ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekinshi_j%C3%A1h%C3%A1n_ur%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Ekinshi jáhán urısı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ekinshi jáhán urısı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%AC%E1%B9%ADra%E1%B8%8D_Ama%E1%B8%8Dlan_Wis_Sin" title="Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Wis Sin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ṭṭraḍ Amaḍlan Wis Sin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D3%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D" title="ЕтӀуанэ дунейпсо зауэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ЕтӀуанэ дунейпсо зауэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kede%C5%8Ba_kpeekpe_you_k%C9%A9l%C9%9Bl%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kedeŋa kpeekpe you kɩlɛlʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwang_Swanta_II" title="Zwang Swanta II – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zwang Swanta II" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%A2" title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សង្គ្រាមលោកលើកទី២" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7" title="ಎರಡನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎರಡನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C7%9Driwu_Dunya_y%C7%9D_k%C7%9Dn_Indimi" title="Kǝriwu Dunya yǝ kǝn Indimi – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Kǝriwu Dunya yǝ kǝn Indimi" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 세계 대전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 세계 대전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Экинчи дуния къазауат – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Экинчи дуния къазауат" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%9A%DB%8C%D9%90%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%94%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF" title="دوٚیِم عٔظیٖم جَنٛگ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دوٚیِم عٔظیٖم جَنٛگ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweide_Weltkresch" title="Zweide Weltkresch – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Zweide Weltkresch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AE_y%C3%AA_Duyem" title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Duyem – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerê Cîhanî yê Duyem" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C3%B6%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%C3%B6%D0%B2%C3%B6%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мöд мирöвöй война – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мöд мирöвöй война" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyl_Bresel_an_Bys" title="Eyl Bresel an Bys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eyl Bresel an Bys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88" title="Экинчи дүйнөлүк согуш – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экинчи дүйнөлүк согуш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secundum_bellum_mundanum" title="Secundum bellum mundanum – Laitin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Secundum bellum mundanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Laitin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosena_Gerra_Mondiala" title="Dosena Gerra Mondiala – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dosena Gerra Mondiala" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweete_Weltkrich" title="Zweete Weltkrich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zweete Weltkrich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="2-мур дунияллул дяъви – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="2-мур дунияллул дяъви" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Дуьньядин кьведлагьай дяве – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Дуьньядин кьведлагьай дяве" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_Mundal_Du" title="Gera Mundal Du – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gera Mundal Du" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twiede_Wereldoorlog" title="Twiede Wereldoorlog – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Twiede Wereldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A6ra_Mondi%C3%A2" title="Segonda Guæra Mondiâ – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Segonda Guæra Mondiâ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secunda_Vera_Mondiala" title="Secunda Vera Mondiala – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Secunda Vera Mondiala" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seg%C3%B3nda_gu%C3%A8ra_mondi%C3%A0l" title="Segónda guèra mondiàl – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Segónda guèra mondiàl" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrasis_pasaulinis_karas" title="Antrasis pasaulinis karas – Lithuanie" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antrasis pasaulinis karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanie" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otrais_pasaules_kar%C5%A1" title="Otrais pasaules karš – Letts" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Otrais pasaules karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letts" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Donya_II" title="Perang Donya II – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Perang Donya II" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Омбоце масторлангонь торпингесь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Омбоце масторлангонь торпингесь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ady_Lehibe_Faharoa" title="Ady Lehibe Faharoa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ady Lehibe Faharoa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D3%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кокымшо Тӱнямбалсе сар – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кокымшо Тӱнямбалсе сар" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakanga_Tuarua_o_te_Ao" title="Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parang_Dunia_II" title="Parang Dunia II – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parang Dunia II" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора светска војна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Втора светска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="दुसरे महायुद्ध – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दुसरे महायुद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_Kedua" title="Perang Dunia Kedua – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Dunia Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/It-Tieni_Gwerra_Dinjija" title="It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A_%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဒုတိယ ကမ္ဘာစစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒုတိယ ကမ္ဘာစစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87" title="جئونی دیمین الجه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جئونی دیمین الجه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconna_Uerra_Munniale" title="Seconna Uerra Munniale – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Seconna Uerra Munniale" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweete_Weltkrieg" title="Tweete Weltkrieg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tweete Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tweede Wereldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A8" title="तःहताः २ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तःहताः २" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Wereldoorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_verdskrigen" title="Andre verdskrigen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Andre verdskrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_verdenskrig" title="Andre verdenskrig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andre verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%96%DF%8A%DF%AF%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%AB_%DF%9E%DF%9F%DF%8D%DF%AB_%DF%9D%DF%8C%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%A3%DF%8A%DF%B2" title="ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߫ ߞߟߍ߫ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߊ߯ߓߊ߫ ߞߟߍ߫ ߝߌߟߊߣߊ߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naaki_g%C3%B3ne%CA%BC_y%C3%A9igo_da%CA%BCahijoog%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85%CC%81%CA%BC" title="Naaki góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naaki góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkhondo_Yachiwiri_Yadziko_Lonse" title="Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toine_muailmanvoinu" title="Toine muailmanvoinu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Toine muailmanvoinu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7" title="ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ବିଶ୍ୱଯୁଦ୍ଧ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ବିଶ୍ୱଯୁଦ୍ଧ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%85%C3%A6%D1%81%D1%82" title="Дыккаг дунеон хæст – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дыккаг дунеон хæст" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਦੂਜੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੂਜੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Dos_Guera_Mundial" title="Di Dos Guera Mundial – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Di Dos Guera Mundial" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgonde_Djerre_Mondiale" title="Sgonde Djerre Mondiale – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sgonde Djerre Mondiale" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwette_Weltgrieg" title="Zwette Weltgrieg – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Zwette Weltgrieg" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweiter_Weltkrieg" title="Zweiter Weltkrieg – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Zweiter Weltkrieg" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werl_War_II" title="Werl War II – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Werl War II" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_wojna_%C5%9Bwiatowa" title="II wojna światowa – Polls" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II wojna światowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polls" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sconda_gu%C3%A8ra_mondial" title="Sconda guèra mondial – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sconda guèra mondial" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C_%D9%84%DA%91%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="دوجی وڈی لڑائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دوجی وڈی لڑائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%86%DA%93%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="دويمه نړېواله جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دويمه نړېواله جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda Guerra Mundial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskay_%C3%B1iqin_pachantin_maqanakuy" title="Iskay ñiqin pachantin maqanakuy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iskay ñiqin pachantin maqanakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_mundiala" title="Segunda Guerra mundiala – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Segunda Guerra mundiala" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial – Roumains" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Al Doilea Război Mondial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roumains" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_uerre_mundiale" title="Seconda uerre mundiale – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Seconda uerre mundiale" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вторая мировая война – Roushien" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вторая мировая война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Roushien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Друга світова война – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Друга світова война" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="द्वितीयविश्वयुद्धम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="द्वितीयविश्वयुद्धम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Аан дойду иккис сэриитэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аан дойду иккис сэриитэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱷᱟᱹᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_gherra_mundiale" title="Segunda gherra mundiale – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Segunda gherra mundiale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secunna_guerra_munniali" title="Secunna guerra munniali – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Secunna guerra munniali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ٻين مھاڀاري جنگ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻين مھاڀاري جنگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubbi_m%C3%A1ilmmisoahti" title="Nubbi máilmmisoahti – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Nubbi máilmmisoahti" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drugi svjetski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imn%C9%A3i_Ama%E1%B8%8Dlan_Wis_Sin" title="Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BA" title="දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="World War II" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna" title="Druhá svetová vojna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Druhá svetová vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_svetovna_vojna" title="Druga svetovna vojna – Slovein" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Druga svetovna vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovein" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taua_Lona_Lua_a_le_Lalolagi" title="Taua Lona Lua a le Lalolagi – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Taua Lona Lua a le Lalolagi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubbe_maailmsu%C3%A1ti" title="Nubbe maailmsuáti – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Nubbe maailmsuáti" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hondo_yePasirose_yeChipiri" title="Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hondo yePasirose yeChipiri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Labaad_ee_Aduunka" title="Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_e_Dyt%C3%AB_Bot%C3%ABrore" title="Lufta e Dytë Botërore – Albainien" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta e Dytë Botërore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albainien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Други светски рат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Други светски рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tw%C3%A4iden_Waareldkriech" title="Twäiden Waareldkriech – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Twäiden Waareldkriech" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunya_II" title="Perang Dunya II – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Perang Dunya II" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget – Swaidish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andra världskriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swaidish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_Kuu_ya_Pili_ya_Dunia" title="Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_wojna_%C5%9Bwjatowo" title="II wojna śwjatowo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="II wojna śwjatowo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sakatusaay_nu_kitakit_satabakiay_masasungayaw" title="sakatusaay nu kitakit satabakiay masasungayaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sakatusaay nu kitakit satabakiay masasungayaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இரண்டாம் உலகப் போர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரண்டாம் உலகப் போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%82" title="రెండవ ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రెండవ ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ҷанги ҷаҳонии дувум – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷанги ҷаҳонии дувум" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikinji_Jahan_Ur%C5%9Fy" title="Ikinji Jahan Urşy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ikinji Jahan Urşy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymin%C9%99_Dynjo_%C4%8Dang" title="Dyminə Dynjo čang – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Dyminə Dynjo čang" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. Dünya Savaşı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Dünya Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Икенче бөтендөнья сугышы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Икенче бөтендөнья сугышы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Ийиги Делегей дайыны – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ийиги Делегей дайыны" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%83%D9%83%D9%89%D9%86%DA%86%D9%89_%D8%AF%DB%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A6%DB%87%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B4%D9%89" title="ئىككىنچى دۇنيا ئۇرۇشى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىككىنچى دۇنيا ئۇرۇشى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Друга світова війна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друга світова війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="دوسری جنگ عظیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوسری جنگ عظیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikkinchi_Jahon_urushi" title="Ikkinchi Jahon urushi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ikkinchi Jahon urushi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_guera_mondia%C5%82e" title="Seconda guera mondiałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Seconda guera mondiałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toine_mail%27man_soda" title="Toine mail'man soda – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Toine mail'man soda" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_th%E1%BB%A9_hai" title="Chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh thế giới thứ hai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twiddn_Weireld%C3%B4orloge" title="Twiddn Weireldôorloge – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Twiddn Weireldôorloge" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volakrig_telid" title="Volakrig telid – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Volakrig telid" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deujhinme_guere_daegnrece" title="Deujhinme guere daegnrece – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Deujhinme guere daegnrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaduha_nga_Gera_han_Kalibotan" title="Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ikaduha nga Gera han Kalibotan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91aareelu_Xareb_%C3%80dduna" title="Ñaareelu Xareb Àdduna – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ñaareelu Xareb Àdduna" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="第二次世界大战" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B7%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მაჟირა მოსოფელიშ ლჷმა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაჟირა მოსოფელიშ ლჷმა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98-%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94" title="צווייטע וועלט-מלחמה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צווייטע וועלט-מלחמה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogun_%C3%80gb%C3%A1y%C3%A9_%E1%BA%B8l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BA%B9%CC%80kej%C3%AC" title="Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ogun Àgbáyé Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀kejì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daihngeih_Baez_Seiqgyaiq_Dacan" title="Daihngeih Baez Seiqgyaiq Dacan – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daihngeih Baez Seiqgyaiq Dacan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twidde_Weareldo%C3%B4rlog" title="Twidde Weareldoôrlog – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Twidde Weareldoôrlog" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战 – Cheenese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二次世界大战" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cheenese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="第二次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-j%C4%AB-chh%C3%B9_S%C3%A8-k%C3%A0i_T%C4%81i-chi%C3%A0n" title="Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-jī-chhù Sè-kài Tāi-chiàn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="第二次世界大戰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q362#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Eedit interleid airtins" class="wbc-editpage">Eedit airtins</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Warld_War_II" title="Leuk at the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Airticle</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Collogue:Warld_War_II" rel="discussion" title="Discussion anent the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Collogue</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Scots </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Warld_War_II">Read</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit" title="Chynge this page [v]" accesskey="v">Eedit</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit" title="Eedit the soorce code o this page [e]" accesskey="e">Eedit soorce</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=history" title="Auld revisions o this page [h]" accesskey="h">See history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tuilkist" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tuilkist </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tuils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Dern</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Warld_War_II">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit" title="Chynge this page [v]" accesskey="v">Eedit</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit" title="Eedit the soorce code o this page [e]" accesskey="e">Eedit soorce</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=history">See history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Warld_War_II" title="Ae leet o aw wiki pages that airt here [j]" accesskey="j">Whit airts tae here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Warld_War_II" rel="nofollow" title="Recynt chynges in pages linkt fae this page [k]" accesskey="k">Relatit chynges</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sco" title="Uplaid files [u]" accesskey="u">Uplaid file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&oldid=900468" title="Permanent link til this reveesion o the page">Permanent airtin</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=info" title="Mair information anent this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Warld_War_II&id=900468&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on hou tae cite this page">Cite this airticle</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWarld_War_II">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWarld_War_II">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prent/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Warld+War+II">Create a beuk</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Warld_War_II&action=show-download-screen">Doonload as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&printable=yes" title="Prentable version o this page [p]" accesskey="p">Prent version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In ither projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q362" title="Airt tae connected data reposeterie item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Dern</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sco" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The "Scots" that wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid. Please <a class="external text" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit">mak this airticle mair better</a> gin ye can.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="border-spacing:2px;;width:315px"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Warld War II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG/300px-Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG/450px-Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="600" /></a> Clockwise frae tap left: Cheenese forces in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Wanjialing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Wanjialing (page disna exeest)">Battle o Wanjialing</a>, Australian 25-pounder guns durin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_o_El_Alamein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Battle o El Alamein (page disna exeest)">First Battle o El Alamein</a>, German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junkers_Ju_87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junkers Ju 87 (page disna exeest)">Stuka</a> dive bombers on the <a href="/wiki/Eastren_Front_(Warld_War_II)" title="Eastren Front (Warld War II)">Eastren Front</a> winter 1943–1944, US naval force in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_o_Lingayen_Gulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasion o Lingayen Gulf (page disna exeest)">Lingayen Gulf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Keitel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Keitel (page disna exeest)">Wilhelm Keitel</a> signin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Instrument_o_Surrender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Instrument o Surrender (page disna exeest)">German Instrument o Surrender</a>, Soviet troops in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_o_Stalingrad" title="Battle o Stalingrad">Battle o Stalingrad</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1 September 1939 (1939-09-01) – 2 September 1945 (1945-09-02) (6 years, 1 day)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Theatre_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Theatre o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Europe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paceefic_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paceefic War (page disna exeest)">Paceefic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Atlantic_(1939%E2%80%931945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Atlantic (1939–1945) (page disna exeest)">Atlantic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sooth-East_Asian_Theatre_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sooth-East Asian Theatre o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Sooth-East Asie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Sino-Japanese_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Sino-Japanese War (page disna exeest)">Cheenae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean,_Middle_East_an_African_theatres_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean, Middle East an African theatres o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Middle East</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean,_Middle_East_an_African_theatres_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean, Middle East an African theatres o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Mediterranean</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean,_Middle_East_an_African_theatres_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean, Middle East an African theatres o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Africae</a>, briefly <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Theater_(1939%E2%80%931945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Theater (1939–1945) (page disna exeest)">North</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_River_Plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the River Plate (page disna exeest)">Sooth Americae</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allies_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allies o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Allied</a> victory <ul><li>Collapse o the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></li> <li>Creation o the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> </li> <li>Emergence o the <a href="/wiki/Unitit_States" title="Unitit States">Unitit States</a> an the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as <a href="/wiki/Superpouer" title="Superpouer">superpouers</a> </li> <li>Beginnin o the <a href="/wiki/Cauld_War" title="Cauld War">Cauld War</a> (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Aftermath">mair...</a>)</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allies_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allies o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Allies</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (1941–45)<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="United States">Unitit States</a> (1941–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Unitit_Kinrick" title="Unitit Kinrick">Unitit Kinrick</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_o_Cheenae_(1912%E2%80%931949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic o Cheenae (1912–1949)">Cheenae</a> (1937–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce">Fraunce</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Canadae" title="Canadae">Canadae</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australie" class="mw-redirect" title="Australie">Australie</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <a href="/wiki/Union_o_Sooth_Africae" title="Union o Sooth Africae"><img alt="Union o Sooth Africae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sooth_Africae" title="Sooth Africae">Sooth Africae</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavie (page disna exeest)">Yugoslavie</a> (1941–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/22px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/33px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/44px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Greece (page disna exeest)">Greece</a> (1940–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (1940–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norawa" title="Norawa">Norawa</a> (1940–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (1940–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (1940–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakie" title="Czechoslovakie">Czechoslovakie</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281889%E2%80%931960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (1942–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico_%281934-1968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> (1942–45) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allies_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allies o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">...an ethers</a> <hr /> Client an puppet states <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines_(1919%E2%80%931936).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281919%E2%80%931936%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281919%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281919%E2%80%931936%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281919%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281919%E2%80%931936%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281919%E2%80%931936%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_o_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commonwealth o the Philippines (page disna exeest)">Philippines</a> (1941–45) <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_(1945%E2%80%931992).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_Fowk%27s_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongolian Fowk's Republic (page disna exeest)">Mongolie</a> (1941–45) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allies_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allies o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">...an ethers</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axis_powers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axis powers (page disna exeest)">Axis</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empire_o_Japan" title="Empire o Japan">Japan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Kinrick_o_Italy" title="Kinrick o Italy">Italy</a> (1940–43) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Hungary (1920–1946) (page disna exeest)">Hungary</a> (1941–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Romanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Romanie (page disna exeest)">Romanie</a> (1941–44) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Bulgarie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Bulgarie (page disna exeest)">Bulgarie</a> (1941–44) <hr /> Co-belligerents <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> (1941–44) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (1942–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Iraq (page disna exeest)">Iraq</a> (1941) <hr /> Client and puppet states <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchukuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchukuo (page disna exeest)">Manchukuo</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/War_flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/War_flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/War_flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.svg/45px-War_flag_of_the_Italian_Social_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Social_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian Social Republic (page disna exeest)">Italian Social Republic</a> (1943–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2020" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_State_o_Croatie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent State o Croatie (page disna exeest)">Croatie</a> (1941–45) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945) (page disna exeest)">Slovakie</a> <a href="/wiki/Axis_pouers" title="Axis pouers">...an ethers</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders an leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitit_Kinrick" title="Unitit Kinrick"><img alt="Unitit Kinrick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_o_Cheenae_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic o Cheenae (1912–1949)"><img alt="Republic o Cheenae (1912–1949)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_leaders_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allied leaders o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">...an ethers</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire_o_Japan" title="Empire o Japan"><img alt="Empire o Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a> <a href="/wiki/Kinrick_o_Italy" title="Kinrick o Italy"><img alt="Kinrick o Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axis_leaders_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axis leaders o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">...an ethers</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties an losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Militar dead: Ower 16,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 45,000,000 Total dead: Over 61,000,000 (1937–45) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II_casualties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warld War II casualties (page disna exeest)">...further details</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Militar dead: Ower 8,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 4,000,000 Total dead: Over 12,000,000 (1937–45) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II_casualties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warld War II casualties (page disna exeest)">...further details</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Warld War II, or the Seicont Warld War (aften abbreviatit as WWII or WW2), wis a global war that stertit in 1939 an endit in 1945. It inrowed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II_bi_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warld War II bi country (page disna exeest)">the wappin forces o the warld's naitions</a>—includin aw o the <a href="/wiki/Great_pouer" title="Great pouer">great pouers</a>—at the hinner en formin twa opponin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military alliance (page disna exeest)">military alliances</a>: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feres_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feres o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Feres</a> an the <a href="/wiki/Axis_pouers" title="Axis pouers">Axis</a>. It wis the braidest <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a> in history, an directly inrowed mair nor 100 million fowk frae ower 30 kintras. In a state o "<a href="/wiki/Tot_war" title="Tot war">tot war</a>", the major participants funged thair hail economic, industrial, an scienteefic cawpabilities ahint the <a href="/w/index.php?title=War_brash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War brash (page disna exeest)">war brash</a>, erasin the distinction atween <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceevilian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceevilian (page disna exeest)">ceevilian</a> an <a href="/wiki/Militar" title="Militar">militar</a> resoorces. Merkit bi mass daiths o ceevilians, includin the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> (in whilk thareaboot 11 million fowk wis killt)<a href="#cite_note-3">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[2]</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_bombin_during_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic bombin during Warld War II (page disna exeest)">strategic bombin o industrial an population centres</a> (in whilk thareaboot ane million fowk wis killt, includin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_bombins_o_Hiroshima_an_Nagasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic bombins o Hiroshima an Nagasaki (page disna exeest)">uise o twa nuclear wappens in combat</a>),<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a> it resultit in an estimate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II_casualties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warld War II casualties (page disna exeest)">50 million tae 85 million fatalities</a>. Thir made Warld War II the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_wars_an_disasters_by_death_toll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o wars an disasters by death toll (page disna exeest)">deidliest pingle</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_o_the_warld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History o the warld (page disna exeest)">human history</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sommerville_2008_5-6">[4]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Empire_o_Japan" title="Empire o Japan">Empire o Japan</a> ettilt tae dominate <a href="/wiki/Asie" class="mw-redirect" title="Asie">Asie</a> an the <a href="/wiki/Paceefic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paceefic">Paceefic</a> an wis awready <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Sino-Japanese_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Sino-Japanese War (page disna exeest)">at war</a> wi the <a href="/wiki/Republic_o_Cheenae_(1912%E2%80%931949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic o Cheenae (1912–1949)">Republic o Cheenae</a> in 1937,<a href="#cite_note-Bar&Shyu_2001_6-7">[5]</a> but the warld war is generally said tae hae began on 1 September 1939<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> wi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_o_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasion o Poland (page disna exeest)">invasion</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Pols_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Pols Republic (page disna exeest)">Poland</a> bi <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> an subsequent declarations o war on Germany bi <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Fraunce</a> an the <a href="/wiki/Unitit_Kinrick" title="Unitit Kinrick">Unitit Kinrick</a>. Frae late 1939 tae early 1941, in a series o campaigns an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripartite_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripartite Pact (page disna exeest)">treaties</a>, Germany vinkisht or maunt the feck o continental Europe, an formed the Axis alliance wi <a href="/wiki/Kinrick_o_Italy" title="Kinrick o Italy">Italy</a> an <a href="/wiki/Empire_o_Japan" title="Empire o Japan">Japan</a>. Follaein the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_o_Non-Aggression_atween_Germany_an_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty o Non-Aggression atween Germany an the Soviet Union (page disna exeest)">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>, Germany an the Soviet Union pairteetioned an annexed territories o thair European neighbours, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_o_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet invasion o Poland (page disna exeest)">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Finland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_occupation_o_Bessarabia_an_Northren_Bukovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet occupation o Bessarabia an Northren Bukovina (page disna exeest)">Romanie</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupation_o_the_Baltic_states&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occupation o the Baltic states (page disna exeest)">Baltic states</a>. The Unitit Kinrick an the <a href="/wiki/Commonweel_o_Naitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonweel o Naitions">Breetish Commonweel</a> wis the anerly Allied forces continuin the fecht agin the European Axis pouers, wi campaigns in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wastren_Desert_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wastren Desert Campaign (page disna exeest)">North Africae</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_African_Campaign_(Warld_War_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East African Campaign (Warld War II) (page disna exeest)">Horn o Africae</a> as weel as the lang-rinnin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Atlantic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Atlantic (page disna exeest)">Battle o the Atlantic</a>. In Juin 1941, the European Axis pouers lencht <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">an invasion o the Soviet Union</a>, appenin the <a href="/wiki/Eastren_Front_(Warld_War_II)" title="Eastren Front (Warld War II)">lairgest laund war theatre in history</a>, whilk trappit the feck o the Axis' militar forces intae a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attrition_warfare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attrition warfare (page disna exeest)">attrition war</a>. In December 1941, Japan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor (page disna exeest)">attackit the Unitit States</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_invasion_o_Malaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese invasion o Malaya (page disna exeest)">European territories</a> in the Paceefic Ocean, an swith vinkisht a fait feck o the Wastren Paceefic. The Axis forderin hautit in 1942 whan Japan lost the creetical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Midway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Midway (page disna exeest)">Battle o Midway</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, an Germany wis defait in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Battle_o_El_Alamein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Battle o El Alamein (page disna exeest)">North Africae</a> an syne, decisively, at <a href="/wiki/Battle_o_Stalingrad" title="Battle o Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> in the Soviet Union. In 1943, wi a series o German defaits on the <a href="/wiki/Eastren_Front_(Warld_War_II)" title="Eastren Front (Warld War II)">Eastren Front</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_invasion_o_Sicily&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allied invasion o Sicily (page disna exeest)">Allied invasion</a> o Italy whilk rase Italian renooncement, an Allied owerhauns in the Paceefic, the Axis lost the initiative an taen legbail on haun on aw fronts. In 1944, the Wastren Allies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normandy_landings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normandy landings (page disna exeest)">invadit German-occupied Fraunce</a>, while the Soviet Union won back aw o its territorial losses an invadit Germany an its feres. Durin 1944 an 1945 the Japanese dreed major reverses in mainland Asie in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Guangxi_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Guangxi Campaign (page disna exeest)">Sooth</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Wast_Hunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Wast Hunan (page disna exeest)">Central Cheenae</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burma Campaign (page disna exeest)">Burma</a>, while the Allies lamed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Japanese_Navy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial Japanese Navy (page disna exeest)">Japanese Navy</a> an fangt key Wastren Paceefic islands. The war in Europe endit wi an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wastren_Allied_invasion_o_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wastren Allied invasion o Germany (page disna exeest)">invasion o Germany</a> bi the Wastren Allies an the Soviet Union culminatin in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Berlin (page disna exeest)">tak o Berlin</a> bi Soviet an Pols truips an the subsequent <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Instrument_o_Surrender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Instrument o Surrender (page disna exeest)">German uncondeetional surrender</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victory_in_Europe_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victory in Europe Day (page disna exeest)">8 Mey 1945</a>. Follaein the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Declaration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdam Declaration (page disna exeest)">Potsdam Declaration</a> bi the Allies on the 26t Julie 1945 an Japan's refuise o tae renoonce unner its terms, the Unitit States <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_bombins_o_Hiroshima_an_Nagasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic bombins o Hiroshima an Nagasaki (page disna exeest)">drappit atomic bombs</a> on the Japanese ceeties o <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> an <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> on the 6t August an the 9t August respectively. Wi an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Downfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Downfall (page disna exeest)">invasion o the Japanese airchipelago</a> imminent, the possibility o addeetional atomic bombins, an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet-Japanese_War_(1945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet-Japanese War (1945) (page disna exeest)">Soviet Union's declaration o war on Japan</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_o_Manchuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet invasion o Manchuria (page disna exeest)">invasion o Manchuria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surrender_o_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surrender o Japan (page disna exeest)">Japan renoonced</a> on the 15t August 1945. Sicweys endit the war in Asie, souderin the Allies' tot victory. Warld War II chynged the warld's poleetical alignment an social structur. The <a href="/wiki/Unitit_Naitions" title="Unitit Naitions">Unitit Naitions</a> (UN) wis estaiblisht fur tae forder internaitional comploutherin an fur tae prevene futur conflicks. The gree-bearin <a href="/wiki/Great_pouer" title="Great pouer">great pouers</a>—the Unitit States, the Soviet Union, Cheenae, the Unitit Kinrick, an Fraunce—became the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Permanent_members_o_the_Unitit_Naitions_Security_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permanent members o the Unitit Naitions Security Council (page disna exeest)">permanent memmers</a> o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitit_Naotions_Security_Cooncil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitit Naotions Security Cooncil (page disna exeest)">Unitit Naotions Security Cooncil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_UN_Security_Council-9">[7]</a> The Soviet Union an the Unitit States ootcam as rival <a href="/wiki/Superpouer" title="Superpouer">superpouers</a>, settin the stage fur the <a href="/wiki/Cauld_War" title="Cauld War">Cauld War</a>, whilk lastit fur the neist 46 year. Atween haun, the European great pouers' hank waned, while the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decolonisation_o_Asie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decolonisation o Asie (page disna exeest)">decolonisation o Asie</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decolonisation_o_Africae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decolonisation o Africae (page disna exeest)">Africae</a> began. Maist kintras whase industries haed been damaged muived taewart <a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-Warld_War_II_economic_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-Warld War II economic expansion (page disna exeest)">economic betterness</a>. Poleetical integration, inspecially <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_integration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European integration (page disna exeest)">in Europe</a>, wis a war ootcome, as pairt o a ettle at endin afore-war laith an creautin a common identity.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backgrund">Backgrund</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Eedit section: Backgrund" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Backgrund">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Eedit section: Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Europe">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Warld_War_I" title="Warld War I">Warld War I</a> haed radically altert the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geopolitics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geopolitics (page disna exeest)">poleetical</a> European map, wi the defeat o the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>—includin <a href="/wiki/Austrick-Hungary" title="Austrick-Hungary">Austrick-Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Bulgarie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Bulgarie (page disna exeest)">Bulgarie</a> an the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>—an the 1917 <a href="/w/index.php?title=October_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="October Revolution (page disna exeest)">Bolshevik seizur o pouer</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roushie_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roushie Republic (page disna exeest)">Roushie</a>, that hinderly led tae the foondin o the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Atween haun, the veectorious <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allies_o_Warld_War_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allies o Warld War I (page disna exeest)">Allies o Warld War I</a>, sic as Fraunce, Belgium, Italy, Romanie an Greece, gained territory, an new <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naition-states&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naition-states (page disna exeest)">naition-states</a> wis creatit oot o the collapse o Austrick-Hungary an the Ottoman an <a href="/wiki/Roushie_Empire" title="Roushie Empire">Roushie Empires</a>. Fur tae prevene a futur warld war, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=League_o_Naitions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="League o Naitions (page disna exeest)">League o Naitions</a> wis creatit in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919 (page disna exeest)">1919 Paris Peace Conference</a>. Maugre strang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacifism (page disna exeest)">pacifist</a> sentiment <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eftermath_o_Warld_War_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eftermath o Warld War I (page disna exeest)">efter Warld War I</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngram2006[https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA76_76–8]-11">[9]</a> its eftermath still caused <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irredentist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irredentist (page disna exeest)">irredentist</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revanchist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revanchist (page disna exeest)">revanchist</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naitionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naitionalism (page disna exeest)">naitionalism</a> in several European states. Thir sentiments wis especially merkit in Germany acause o the signeeficant territorial, colonial, an financial losses incurred bi the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_o_Versailles" title="Treaty o Versailles">Treaty o Versailles</a>. Unner the treaty, Germany lost aroond 13 percent o its hame territory an aw o <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_colonial_empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German colonial empire (page disna exeest)">its owerseas possessions</a>, while German annexation o ither states wis prohibitit, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_I_reparations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warld War I reparations (page disna exeest)">reparations</a> war imposed, an leemits wis placed on the size an capability o the kintra's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichswehr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichswehr (page disna exeest)">airmed forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKantowicz1999149-12">[10]</a> The German Empire wis dissolved in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Revolution_o_1918%E2%80%931919&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Revolution o 1918–1919 (page disna exeest)">German Revolution o 1918–1919</a>, an a democratic govrenment, later kent as the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, wis creautit. The interwar period saw strife atween supporters o the new republic an hardline opponents on baith the <a href="/wiki/Richt-weeng_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Richt-weeng politics">richt</a> an <a href="/wiki/Left-weeng_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-weeng politics">left</a>. Italy, as an Entente ally, haed made some post-war territorial gains; houiver, Italian naitionalists wis angert that the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_o_Lunnon_(1915)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty o Lunnon (1915) (page disna exeest)">promises made</a> bi Breetain an Fraunce tae siccar Italian entrance intae the war wisnae fulfilt in the peace dounset. Frae 1922 tae 1925, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Fascism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian Fascism (page disna exeest)">Fascist</a> muivement led bi <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> seized pouer in Italy wi a naitionalist, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Totalitarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Totalitarianism (page disna exeest)">totalitarian</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cless_collaboration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cless collaboration (page disna exeest)">cless collaborationist</a> agenda that abolisht representative democracy, repressed socialist, left-weeng an leeberal forces, an pursued an aggressive expansionist foreign policy aimed at makkin Italy a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_pouer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warld pouer (page disna exeest)">warld pouer</a>, promisin the creaution o a "<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Roman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Roman Empire (page disna exeest)">New Roman Empire</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw200035-13">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N%C3%BCrnberg_Reichsparteitag_Hitler_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/N%C3%BCrnberg_Reichsparteitag_Hitler_retouched.jpg/170px-N%C3%BCrnberg_Reichsparteitag_Hitler_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/N%C3%BCrnberg_Reichsparteitag_Hitler_retouched.jpg/255px-N%C3%BCrnberg_Reichsparteitag_Hitler_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/N%C3%BCrnberg_Reichsparteitag_Hitler_retouched.jpg/340px-N%C3%BCrnberg_Reichsparteitag_Hitler_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> at a German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naitional_Socialist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naitional Socialist (page disna exeest)">Naitional Socialist</a> poleetical rally in <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BCrnberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nürnberg (page disna exeest)">Nürnberg</a>, August 1933</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, efter an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beer_Hall_Putsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beer Hall Putsch (page disna exeest)">unsuccessfu attempt tae owerthraw the German govrenment</a> in 1923, eventually acame the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_tae_pouer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Hitler's rise tae pouer (page disna exeest)">Chancellor o Germany in 1933</a>. He abolisht democracy, espoosin a <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Order (Nazism) (page disna exeest)">radical, racially motivatit revision o the warld order</a>, an suin begoud a massive <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_re-airmament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German re-airmament (page disna exeest)">reairmament campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrody19994-14">[12]</a> Meanwhile, Fraunce, tae siccar its alliance, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Italian_Greement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Italian Greement (page disna exeest)">alloued Italy a free haund in Ethiopie</a>, that Italy desired as a colonial possession. The situation wis aggravatit in early 1935 whan the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saar_(League_o_Naitions)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saar (League o Naitions) (page disna exeest)">Territory o the Saar Basin</a> wis legally reunitit wi Germany an Hitler repudiatit the Treaty o Versailles, acceleratit his reairmament programme, an introduced <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conscription&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conscription (page disna exeest)">conscription</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZalampas198962-15">[13]</a> Hitler defee'd the Versailles an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Locarno_treaties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Locarno treaties (page disna exeest)">Locarno treaties</a> bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Remilitarisation_o_the_Rhineland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remilitarisation o the Rhineland (page disna exeest)">remilitarisin</a> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhineland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhineland (page disna exeest)">Rhineland</a> in Mairch 1936, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Appeasement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Appeasement (page disna exeest)">encoonterin little opposeetion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamthwaite199252-16">[14]</a> In October 1936, Germany an Italy formed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roum%E2%80%93Berlin_Axis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roum–Berlin Axis (page disna exeest)">Roum–Berlin Axis</a>. A month later, Germany an Japan signed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Comintern_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Comintern Pact (page disna exeest)">Anti-Comintern Pact</a>, that Italy wad jyne in the follaein year. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asie">Asie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Eedit section: Asie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Asie">eedit soorce</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT) pairty in Cheenae launched a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northren_Expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northren Expedition (page disna exeest)">unification campaign</a> against <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warlaird_Era&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warlaird Era (page disna exeest)">regional warlairds</a> an nominally unifee'd Cheenae in the mid-1920s, but wis suin embrulyie'd in a <a href="/wiki/Cheenese_Ceevil_War" title="Cheenese Ceevil War">ceevil war</a> against its umwhile <a href="/wiki/Cheenese_Communist_Pairty" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheenese Communist Pairty">Cheenese Communist Pairty</a> allies<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreston1998104-17">[15]</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Plains_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Plains War (page disna exeest)">new regional warlairds</a>. In 1931, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan (page disna exeest)">increasinly militareestic</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire_o_Japan" title="Empire o Japan">Empire o Japan</a>, that haed lang soct influence in Cheenae<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyersPeattie1987458-18">[16]</a> as the first step o whit its govrenment saw as the kintra's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakko_ichiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakko ichiu (page disna exeest)">richt tae rule Asie</a>, uised the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukden_Incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukden Incident (page disna exeest)">Mukden Incident</a> as a pretext tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_invasion_o_Manchurie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese invasion o Manchurie (page disna exeest)">launch an invasion o Manchurie</a> an establish the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puppet_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puppet state (page disna exeest)">puppet state</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchukuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchukuo (page disna exeest)">Manchukuo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithSteadman200428-19">[17]</a> Ower waik tae resist Japan, Cheenae appealt tae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=League_o_Naitions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="League o Naitions (page disna exeest)">League o Naitions</a> fur help. Japan widrew frae the League o Naitions efter bein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lytton_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lytton Report (page disna exeest)">condemned</a> fur its incursion intae Manchurie. The twa naitions syne focht several battles, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=28_Januar_Incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="28 Januar Incident (page disna exeest)">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Rehe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Rehe (page disna exeest)">Rehe</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defence_o_the_Great_Waw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defence o the Great Waw (page disna exeest)">Hebei</a>, till the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanggu_Truce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanggu Truce (page disna exeest)">Tanggu Truce</a> wis signed in 1933. Thareefter, Cheenese volunteer forces conteena'd the reseestance tae Japanese aggression in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacification_o_Manchukuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacification o Manchukuo (page disna exeest)">Manchurie</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Actions_in_Inner_Mongolie_(1933%E2%80%931936)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actions in Inner Mongolie (1933–1936) (page disna exeest)">Chahar an Suiyuan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> Efter the 1936 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xi%27an_Incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xi'an Incident (page disna exeest)">Xi'an Incident</a>, the Kuomintang an communist forces greed on a ceasefire tae present a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Unitit_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Unitit Front (page disna exeest)">unitit front</a> fur tae oppone Japan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky200210-21">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-war_events">Pre-war events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Eedit section: Pre-war events" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pre-war events">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spaingie_Ceevil_War_(1936–39)">Spaingie Ceevil War (1936–39)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Eedit section: Spaingie Ceevil War (1936–39)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Spaingie Ceevil War (1936–39)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/wiki/Spaingie_Ceevil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaingie Ceevil War">Spaingie Ceevil War</a></div> Whan ceevil war ootbrak in Spain, Hitler an Mussolini lent militar uphaudin tae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naitionalist_faction_(Spaingie_Ceevil_War)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naitionalist faction (Spaingie Ceevil War) (page disna exeest)">Naitionalist rebels</a>, led bi General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>. The Soviet Union uphaudit the existin govrenment, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Spaingie_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Spaingie Republic (page disna exeest)">Spaingie Republic</a>. Ower 30,000 foreign volunteers, kent as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internaitional_Brigades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internaitional Brigades (page disna exeest)">Internaitional Brigades</a>, forby focht agin the Naitionalists. Baith Germany an the USSR uised this <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proxy war (page disna exeest)">proxy war</a> as an opportunity fur tae test in combat thair maist advanced wappens an tactics. The Naitionalists wan the ceevil war in Apryle 1939; Franco, nou dictator, remeened offeecially neutral in World War II but generally favoured the Axis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayne2008271-22">[20]</a> His greatest collaboration wi Germany wis the sendin o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Diveesion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Diveesion (page disna exeest)">volunteers</a> tae fecht on the <a href="/wiki/Eastren_Front_(Warld_War_II)" title="Eastren Front (Warld War II)">Eastren Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayne2008146-23">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_invasion_o_Cheenae_(1937)">Japanese invasion o Cheenae (1937)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Eedit section: Japanese invasion o Cheenae (1937)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Japanese invasion o Cheenae (1937)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Sino-Japanese_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Sino-Japanese War (page disna exeest)">Seicont Sino-Japanese War</a></div> In Julie 1937, Japan capturt the umwhile Cheenese imperial caipital o <a href="/wiki/Peking" class="mw-redirect" title="Peking">Peking</a> efter instigatin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Polo_Brig_Incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Polo Brig Incident (page disna exeest)">Marco Polo Brig Incident</a>, that culminatit in the Japanese campaign tae invade aw o Cheenae.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEastman1986547–51-24">[22]</a> The Soviets quickly signed a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sino-Soviet_Non-Aggression_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (page disna exeest)">non-aggression pact wi Cheenae</a> tae lend <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materiel (page disna exeest)">materiel</a> uphaudin, effectively endin Cheenae's prior <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sino-German_comploutherin_1926%E2%80%931941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sino-German comploutherin 1926–1941 (page disna exeest)">comploutherin wi Germany</a>. Frae September tae November, the Japanese attackit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Taiyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Taiyuan (page disna exeest)">Taiyuan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Guo_1971_221-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hsu_&_Chang_1971_221-26">[24]</a> as weel as engagin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naitional_Revolutionary_Airmy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naitional Revolutionary Airmy (page disna exeest)">Kuomintang Airmy</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Xinkou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Xinkou (page disna exeest)">aroond Xinkou</a><a href="#cite_note-Guo_1971_221-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hsu_&_Chang_1971_221-26">[24]</a> an <a href="/wiki/Communist_Pairty_o_Cheenae" title="Communist Pairty o Cheenae">Communist forces</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Pingxingguan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Pingxingguan (page disna exeest)">in Pingxingguan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tucker2009-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-yang-28">[26]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Generalissimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generalissimo (page disna exeest)">Generalissimo</a> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> deployed his <a href="/w/index.php?title=German-trained_diveesions_in_the_Naitional_Revolutionary_Airmy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German-trained diveesions in the Naitional Revolutionary Airmy (page disna exeest)">best airmy</a> tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Shanghai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Shanghai (page disna exeest)">defend Shanghai</a>, but, efter three month o fechtin, Shanghai fell. The Japanese conteena'd tae push the Cheenese forces back, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Nanking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Nanking (page disna exeest)">capturin the caipital Nanking</a> in December 1937. Efter the faw o Nanking, tens o thoosands, gif no hunders o thoosands, o Cheenese ceevilians an disairmed combatants wis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanking_Massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanking Massacre (page disna exeest)">murthert bi the Japanese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-tot-30">[28]</a> In Mairch 1938, Naitionalist Cheenese forces wan thair <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Taierzhuang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Taierzhuang (page disna exeest)">first major veectory at Taierzhuang</a> but then the ceety o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xuzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xuzhou (page disna exeest)">Xuzhou</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Xuzhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Xuzhou (page disna exeest)">wis taken bi Japanese</a> in Mey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsuChang1971221–230-31">[29]</a> In Juin 1938, Cheenese forces stawed the Japanese advance bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Yellae_River_fluid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Yellae River fluid (page disna exeest)">fluidin the Yellae River</a>; this manoeuvre bocht time fur the Cheenese tae prepare thair defences at <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, but the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Wuhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Wuhan (page disna exeest)">ceety wis takken</a> bi October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEastman1986566-32">[30]</a> Japanese militar veectories didnae bring aboot the collapse o Cheenese resistance that Japan haed howpit tae achieve; insteid the Cheenese govrenment relocatit inland tae <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> an conteena'd the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2009150–2-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESella1983651–87-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_occupations_an_agreements">European occupations an agreements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Eedit section: European occupations an agreements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: European occupations an agreements">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337,_Moskau,_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H27337%2C_Moskau%2C_Stalin_und_Ribbentrop_im_Kreml.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="1562" /></a><figcaption>German Foreign Meenister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joachim_von_Ribbentrop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop (page disna exeest)">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> (richt) an the Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, efter signin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (page disna exeest)">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>, 23 August 1939</figcaption></figure> In Europe, Germany an Italy wis becomin aggressiver. In Mairch 1938, Germany <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anschluss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anschluss (page disna exeest)">annexed Austrick</a>, again provokin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Appeasement_o_Hitler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Appeasement o Hitler (page disna exeest)">a bittock response</a> frae ither European pouers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollierPedley2000144-35">[33]</a> Encouraged, Hitler begoud pressin German claims on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudetenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudetenland (page disna exeest)">Sudetenland</a>, an aurie o <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakie" title="Czechoslovakie">Czechoslovakie</a> wi a predominantly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnic German (page disna exeest)">ethnic German</a> population; an suin Breetain an Fraunce follaed the coonsel o Breetish Prime Meenister <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> an concedit this territory tae Germany in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Munich_Greement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munich Greement (page disna exeest)">Munich Greement</a>, that wis made agin the wishes o the Czechoslovak govrenment, in exchynge fur a promise o nae mair territorial demands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2001121–2-36">[34]</a> Suin efterwart, Germany an Italy forced Czechoslovakie tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Vienna_Awaird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Vienna Awaird (page disna exeest)">cede addeetional territory</a> tae <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> an Poland annexed Czechoslovakie's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaolzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaolzie (page disna exeest)">Zaolzie</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2001157-37">[35]</a> Awtho aw o Germany's statit demands haed been satisfee'd bi the greement, preevatly Hitler wis furious that Breetish interference haed preventit him frae seizin aw o Czechoslovakie in ane operation. In subsequent speeches, Hitler attackit Breetish an Jewish "war-mongers" an in Januar 1939 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_Z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan Z (page disna exeest)">saicretly ordered a major big-up o the German navy</a> tae challenge Breetish naval supremacy. In Mairch 1939, <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_o_Czechoslovakie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German occupation o Czechoslovakie (page disna exeest)">Germany invadit the remeender o Czechoslovakie</a> an subsequently split it intae the German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertectorate_o_Bohemie_an_Moravie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertectorate o Bohemie an Moravie (page disna exeest)">Pertectorate o Bohemie an Moravie</a> an a pro-German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Client_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Client state (page disna exeest)">client state</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945) (page disna exeest)">Slovak Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2006pp._143–4_(2008_ed.)-38">[36]</a> Hitler forby deleevered the 20 Mairch 1939 <a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_German_ultimatum_tae_Lithuanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 German ultimatum tae Lithuanie (page disna exeest)">ultimatum tae Lithuanie</a>, forcin the concession o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaip%C4%97da_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaipėda Region (page disna exeest)">Klaipėda Region</a>. Greatly alairmed an wi Hitler makkin forder demands on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Ceety_o_Danzig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Ceety o Danzig (page disna exeest)">Free Ceety o Danzig</a>, Breetain an Fraunce <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Pols_militar_alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Pols militar alliance (page disna exeest)">guaranteed thair uphaudin o Pols unthirldom</a>; whan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_invasion_o_Albanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian invasion o Albanie (page disna exeest)">Italy conquered Albanie</a> in Apryle 1939, the same guarantee wis extendit tae Romanie an <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoweMarzari2002330-39">[37]</a> Shortly efter the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco-Pols_Militar_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco-Pols Militar Alliance (page disna exeest)">Franco</a>-Breetish pledge tae Poland, Germany an Italy formalised thair awn alliance wi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pact_o_Steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pact o Steel (page disna exeest)">Pact o Steel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001234-40">[38]</a> Hitler accuised Breetain an Poland o tryin tae "encircle" Germany an renoonced the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-German_Naval_Greement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-German Naval Greement (page disna exeest)">Anglo-German Naval Greement</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=German%E2%80%93Pols_Non-Aggression_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German–Pols Non-Aggression Pact (page disna exeest)">German–Pols Non-Aggression Pact</a>. The situation reakit a general creesis in late August as German truips conteena'd tae mobilise agin the Pols mairch. In August 23, whan tripartite negotiations aboot a militar alliance atween Fraunce, Breetain an USSR stawed<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a>, Soviet Union signed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (page disna exeest)">a non-aggression pact</a> wi Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShore2003108-42">[40]</a> This pact haed a saicret protocol that defined German an Soviet "spheres o influence" (wastren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Pols_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Pols Republic (page disna exeest)">Poland</a> an <a href="/wiki/Lithuanie" title="Lithuanie">Lithuanie</a> for Germany; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Territories_o_Poland_annexed_bi_the_Soviet_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territories o Poland annexed bi the Soviet Union (page disna exeest)">eastren Poland</a>, Finland, <a href="/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie">Estonie</a>, Latvie an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bessarabie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bessarabie (page disna exeest)">Bessarabie</a> fur the USSR), an raised the quaisten o conteenuin Pols unthirldom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001608-43">[41]</a> The pact neutralised the possibility o Soviet opposeetion tae a campaign against Poland an assured that Germany wad nae hae tae face the prospect o a twa-front war, as it haed in Warld War I. Immediately efter that, Hitler ordert the attack tae proceed on 26 August, but upon hearin that Breetain haed concludit a formal mutual assistance pact wi Poland, an that Italy wad mainteen neutrality, he decidit tae delay it.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> In response tae Breetish requests fur direct negotiations fur tae evit war, Germany made demands on Poland, that anerly served as a pretext tae worsen relations.<a href="#cite_note-ww2db_com-45">[43]</a> On 29 August, Hitler demanded that a Pols <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plenipotentiary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plenipotentiary (page disna exeest)">plenipotentiary</a> immediately traivel fur tae Berlin tae negotiate the haundower o <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a>, an tae allou a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plebiscite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plebiscite (page disna exeest)">plebiscite</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pols_Corridor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pols Corridor (page disna exeest)">Pols Corridor</a> in that the German minority wad vote on secession.<a href="#cite_note-ww2db_com-45">[43]</a> The Poles refuised tae complee wi the German demands, an on the nicht o 30–31 August in a veeolent meetin wi the Breetish ambassador <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neville_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neville Henderson (page disna exeest)">Neville Henderson</a>, Ribbentrop declared that Germany conseedert its claims rejectit.<a href="#cite_note-ibiblio1939-46">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coorse_o_the_war">Coorse o the war</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Eedit section: Coorse o the war" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Coorse o the war">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_braks_oot_in_Europe_(1939–40)">War braks oot in Europe (1939–40)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Eedit section: War braks oot in Europe (1939–40)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: War braks oot in Europe (1939–40)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schleswig_Holstein_firing_Westerplatte_September_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Schleswig_Holstein_firing_Westerplatte_September_1939.jpg/220px-Schleswig_Holstein_firing_Westerplatte_September_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Schleswig_Holstein_firing_Westerplatte_September_1939.jpg/330px-Schleswig_Holstein_firing_Westerplatte_September_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Schleswig_Holstein_firing_Westerplatte_September_1939.jpg/440px-Schleswig_Holstein_firing_Westerplatte_September_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>German battleship <a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Schleswig-Holstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMS Schleswig-Holstein (page disna exeest)">Schleswig-Holstein</a> firin first salvos o WWII in the attack o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Westerplatte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Westerplatte (page disna exeest)">Westerplatte</a>. Gdańsk, 1 September 1939</figcaption></figure> On 1 September 1939, upon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Himmler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Himmler (page disna exeest)">haein staged</a> several <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gleiwitz_incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gleiwitz incident (page disna exeest)">mairch incidents</a>, Germany <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_o_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasion o Poland (page disna exeest)">invadit Poland</a>. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans20081–2-47">[45]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Westerplatte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Westerplatte (page disna exeest)">Battle o Westerplatte</a> is aften descrived as the first European battle o Warld War II. Breetain respondit wi an ultimatum tae Germany tae cease militar operations, an on 3 September, efter the ultimatum wis ignored, Fraunce, Breetain, <a href="/wiki/Australie" class="mw-redirect" title="Australie">Australie</a>, an <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> declared a war on Germany. This alliance wis jynt bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_o_Sooth_Africae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union o Sooth Africae (page disna exeest)">Sooth Africae</a> (6 September) an <a href="/wiki/Canadae" title="Canadae">Canadae</a> (10 September). The alliance providit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoney_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoney War (page disna exeest)">na direct militar support</a> tae Poland, ootside o a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saar_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saar Offensive (page disna exeest)">cautious French probe intae the Saarland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Keegan_1997_35-48">[46]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allies_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allies o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Wastren Allies</a> forby begoud a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blockade_o_Germany_(1939%E2%80%9345)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blockade o Germany (1939–45) (page disna exeest)">naval blockade o Germany</a>, that aimed tae damage the kintra's economy an war effort.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Germany respondit bi orderin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Submarine_warfare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Submarine warfare (page disna exeest)">U-boat warfare</a> agin Allied merchand an warships, that wad later escalate intae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Atlantic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Atlantic (page disna exeest)">Battle o the Atlantic</a>. On 8 September, German truips reached suburbs o <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>. The Pols wastlin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Bzura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Bzura (page disna exeest)">coonter offensive</a> hautit the German advance fur several day, but it wis ootflankit an encircled bi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wehrmacht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wehrmacht (page disna exeest)">Wehrmacht</a>. Remnants o the Pols airmy brak throu tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Warsaw_(1939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Warsaw (1939) (page disna exeest)">besieged Warsaw</a>. On 17 September 1939, efter signin a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battles_o_Khalkhin_Gol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battles o Khalkhin Gol (page disna exeest)">cease-fire wi Japan</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_o_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet invasion o Poland (page disna exeest)">Soviets invadit Eastren Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga200280,_83-50">[48]</a> On 27 September, Warsaw gairison signed a cease-fire an surrendered tae the Germans, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samodzielna_Grupa_Operacyjna_Polesie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna Polesie (page disna exeest)">the last lairge operational unit o the Pols Airmy</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Kock_(1939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Kock (1939) (page disna exeest)">surrendered on 6 October</a>. Maugre a militar defeat, the Pols govrenment niver surrendered; the Pols resistance established an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pols_Unnergrund_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pols Unnergrund State (page disna exeest)">Unnergrund State</a> an a pairtisan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hame_Airmy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hame Airmy (page disna exeest)">Hame Airmy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHempel200524-51">[49]</a>. Germany <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pols_auries_annexed_bi_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pols auries annexed bi Nazi Germany (page disna exeest)">annexed</a> the wastren an <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Govrenment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Govrenment (page disna exeest)">occupied</a> the central pairt o Poland, an the USSR <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pols_auries_annexed_bi_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pols auries annexed bi Nazi Germany (page disna exeest)">annexed</a> its eastren pairt; smaw shares o Pols territory war transferred tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Territorial_chynges_o_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territorial chynges o Poland (page disna exeest)">Lithuanie</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_invasion_o_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak invasion o Poland (page disna exeest)">Slovakie</a>. On the 6t October, Hitler made a public peace owertur tae Breetain an Fraunce, but said that the futur o Poland wis tae be determined exclusively bi Germany an the Soviet Union. The proposal wis rejectit<a href="#cite_note-ibiblio1939-46">[44]</a>, an Hitler ordered an immediate offensive agin Fraunce,<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> that wad be postponed till the ware o 1940 due tae bad wather. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart197739–40-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullock1990pp._563–4,_566,_568–9,_574–5_(1983_ed.)-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> The Soviet Union forced the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic kintras</a>—Estonie, Latvie an Lithuanie, the states that war in a Soviet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molotov-Ribbentrop_pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molotov-Ribbentrop pact (page disna exeest)">sphere o influence</a>"—tae sign <a href="/w/index.php?title=Backgrund_o_the_occupation_o_the_Baltic_states&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Backgrund o the occupation o the Baltic states (page disna exeest)">"mutual assistance pacts"</a> that stipulatit stationin Soviet truips in thir kintras. Suin efter that, signeeficant Soviet militar contingent wis muived thare.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithPabriksPursLane200224-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilinsky19999-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurrayMillett200155–6-58">[56]</a>. Finland refuised tae sign a seemilar pact an rejectit tae cede pairt o its territory tae the USSR, thar promptit a Soviet invasion in November 1939<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpring1986207-226-59">[57]</a>, an the USSR wis expelt frae the League o Naitions<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a>. Despite owerwhelmin numerical superiority, Soviet militar sonse wis modest, an the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Finno-Soviet war</a> endit in Mairch 1940 wi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Peace_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moscow Peace Treaty (page disna exeest)">meenimal Finnish concessions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanhimäki199712-61">[59]</a> In Juin 1940, the Soviet Union forcibly annexed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_occupation_o_the_Baltic_states_(1940)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet occupation o the Baltic states (1940) (page disna exeest)">Estonie, Latvie an Lithuanie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilinsky19999-57">[55]</a> an the disputit Romanie regions o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_occupation_o_Bessarabie_an_Northren_Bukovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet occupation o Bessarabie an Northren Bukovina (page disna exeest)">Bessarabie, Northren Bukovina an Hertza</a>. Meanwhile, Nazi-Soviet poleetical rapprochement an economic co-operation<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson2006367,_376,_379,_417-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnyder2010118ff-63">[61]</a> gradually stawed,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch1983-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts200656-65">[63]</a> an baith states begoud preparations for war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts200659-66">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wastren_Europe_(1940–41)">Wastren Europe (1940–41)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Eedit section: Wastren Europe (1940–41)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Wastren Europe (1940–41)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wastren_Front_(Warld_War_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wastren Front (Warld War II) (page disna exeest)">Wastren Front (Warld War II)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maginot_Line-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Maginot_Line-en.svg/330px-Maginot_Line-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Maginot_Line-en.svg/495px-Maginot_Line-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Maginot_Line-en.svg/660px-Maginot_Line-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Map o the French <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maginot_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maginot Line (page disna exeest)">Maginot Line</a></figcaption></figure> In Apryle 1940, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Weserübung (page disna exeest)">Germany invadit Denmark an Norawa</a> tae pertect shipments o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swwadish_airn-ure_minin_in_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swwadish airn-ure minin in World War II (page disna exeest)">airn ore frae Swaden</a>, that the Allies war <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Wilfred&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Wilfred (page disna exeest)">attemptin tae cut aff</a> bi unilaterally minin neutral Norse watters.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> capitulatit efter a few oors, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norse_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norse Campaign (page disna exeest)">mauggre Allied support</a>, in that the important herbour o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narvik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narvik (page disna exeest)">Narvik</a> temporarily wis recapturt frae the Germans, <a href="/wiki/Norawa" title="Norawa">Norawa</a> wis conquert within twa month.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommager20049-68">[66]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norawa_Debate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norawa Debate (page disna exeest)">Breetish discontent ower the Norse campaign</a> led tae the replacement o the Breetish Prime Meenister, <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>, wi <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> on 10 Mey 1940.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds200676-69">[67]</a> Germany <a href="/wiki/Battle_o_Fraunce" title="Battle o Fraunce">launcht an offensive agin Fraunce</a> an, adherin tae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manstein_Plan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manstein Plan (page disna exeest)">Manstein Plan</a> forby attackit the neutral naitions o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Belgium (page disna exeest)">Belgium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Netherlands (page disna exeest)">the Netherlands</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_invasion_o_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German invasion o Luxembourg (page disna exeest)">Luxembourg</a> on 10 Mey 1940.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008122–3-70">[68]</a> That same day, Breetish forces laundit in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_o_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasion o Iceland (page disna exeest)">Iceland</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breetish_occupation_o_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breetish occupation o the Faroe Islands (page disna exeest)">Faroes</a> tae preempt a possible German invasion o the islands.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> The US, in close co-operation wi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrik_Kauffmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henrik Kauffmann (page disna exeest)">the Dens envoy tae Washington D.C.</a>, greed tae pertect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenland_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenland in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Greenland</a>, layin the poleetical framewark for the formal establishment o bases in Apryle 1941. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netherlands_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netherlands in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Netherlands</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgium_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belgium in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Belgium</a> wis owerrun uisin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blitzkrieg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blitzkrieg (page disna exeest)">blitzkrieg</a> tactics in a few days an weeks, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1990721–3-72">[70]</a> The French-fortifee'd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maginot_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maginot Line (page disna exeest)">Maginot Line</a> an the main bouk o the Allied forces that haed muived intae Belgium wae circumventit bi a flankin muivement throu the thickly widdit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardennes (page disna exeest)">Ardennes</a> region,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan199759–60-73">[71]</a> mistakenly perceived bi Allied planners as an impenetrable naitural barrier against airmoured vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegan2004152-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart197748-75">[73]</a> As a result, the bouk o the Allied airmies foond themsels trappit in an encirclement an war beaten. The majority war takken prisoner, whilst ower 300,000, maistly Breetish an French, war <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunkirk evacuation (page disna exeest)">evacuated frae the continent at Dunkirk</a> bi early Juin, awtho abandonin awmaist aw o thair equipment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan199766–7-76">[74]</a> On the 10t Juin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_invasion_o_Fraunce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian invasion o Fraunce (page disna exeest)">Italy invadit Fraunce</a>, declarin war on baith Fraunce an the Unitit Kinrick.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999207-77">[75]</a> Paris fell tae the Germans on the 14t Juin an aicht days later <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airmistice_o_22_Juin_1940&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airmistice o 22 Juin 1940 (page disna exeest)">Fraunce signed an airmistice wi Germany</a> an wis suin dividit intae <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_militar_admeenistration_in_occupied_Fraunce_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German militar admeenistration in occupied Fraunce in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">German</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_occupation_o_Fraunce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian occupation o Fraunce (page disna exeest)">Italian occupation zones</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUmbreit1991311-78">[76]</a> an a wanoccupied <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rump_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rump state (page disna exeest)">rump state</a> unner the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_Regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy Regime">Vichy Regime</a>, that, tho offeecially neutral, wis generally aligned wi Germany. Fraunce kept its fleet but the Breetish feared the Germans wad seize it, sae on 3 Julie, the Breetish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attack_on_Mers-el-K%C3%A9bir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attack on Mers-el-Kébir (page disna exeest)">attacked it</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2004xxx-79">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_o_Breetain" title="Battle o Breetain">Battle o Breetain</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1997[https://books.google.com/books?id=TF8kcx9hTssC&pg=PA72_72]-80">[78]</a> begoud in early Julie wi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanalkampf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanalkampf (page disna exeest)">Luftwaffe attacks on shippin an herbours</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Murray_BoB-81">[79]</a> On 19 Julie, Hitler again publicly offert tae end the war, sayin he wisna wantin tae destroy the <a href="/wiki/Breetish_Empire" title="Breetish Empire">Breetish Empire</a>. The Unitit Kinrick rejectit this ultimatum.<a href="#cite_note-ibiblio_1940-82">[80]</a> The main <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adlertag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adlertag (page disna exeest)">German air superiority campaign</a> stairtit in August but failed tae defeat <a href="/w/index.php?title=RAF_Fechter_Command&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RAF Fechter Command (page disna exeest)">RAF Fechter Command</a>, an a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Sea_Lion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Sea Lion (page disna exeest)">proponed invasion</a> wis postponed indefinitely on 17 September. The German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_bombin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic bombin (page disna exeest)">strategic bombin</a> offensive intensifee'd as nicht attacks on Lunnon an ither ceeties in <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">the Blitz</a>, but lairgely failed tae disrupt the Breetish war effort.<a href="#cite_note-Murray_BoB-81">[79]</a> Uisin newly capturt French ports, the German Navy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Atlantic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Atlantic (page disna exeest)">enjoyed success</a> against an ower-extendit <a href="/wiki/Ryal_Navy" title="Ryal Navy">Ryal Navy</a>, uisin <a href="/w/index.php?title=U-boat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-boat (page disna exeest)">U-boats</a> agin Breetish shippin in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Atlantic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Atlantic (page disna exeest)">Atlantic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> The Breetish scored a signeeficant veectory on 27 Mey 1941 bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Last_battle_o_the_battleship_Bismarck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Last battle o the battleship Bismarck (page disna exeest)">sinkin the German battleship Bismarck</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> Aiblins maist importantly, in the Battle o Breetain the <a href="/wiki/Ryal_Air_Force" title="Ryal Air Force">Ryal Air Force</a> haed successfully reseestit the Luftwaffe's assault, an the German bombin campaign lairgely endit in Mey 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001108–9-85">[83]</a> Ootthrou this period, the neutral Unitit States teuk meisurs tae assist Cheenae an the Wastren Allies. In November 1939, the American <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutrality_Acts_o_1930s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutrality Acts o 1930s (page disna exeest)">Neutrality Act</a> wis amendit tae allou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cash_an_cairy_(World_War_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cash an cairy (World War II) (page disna exeest)">"cash an cairy"</a> purchases bi the Allies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999328–30-86">[84]</a> In 1940, follaein the German captur o Paris, the size o the <a href="/wiki/Unitit_States_Navy" title="Unitit States Navy">Unitit States Navy</a> wis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Two-Ocean_Navy_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two-Ocean Navy Act (page disna exeest)">signeeficantly increased</a>. In September, the Unitit States forder greed tae a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyers_for_Bases_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Destroyers for Bases Agreement (page disna exeest)">tred o American destroyers for Breetish bases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaingot199452-87">[85]</a> Still, a lairge majority o the American public conteena'd tae oppone ony direct militar intervention intae the conflict weel inte 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECantril1940390-88">[86]</a> Awtho Roosevelt haed promised tae keep the Unitit States oot o the war, he nivertheless teuk concrete steps tae prepare for war. At the end o September 1940, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripartite_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripartite Pact (page disna exeest)">Tripartite Pact</a> unitit Japan, Italy an Germany tae formalise the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axis_Pouers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axis Pouers (page disna exeest)">Axis Pouers</a>. The Tripartite Pact stipulatit that ony kintra, wi the exception o the Soviet Union, no in the war that attacked ony Axis Power wad be forced tae gae tae war agin aw three.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilhartzElliott2007179-89">[87]</a> The Axis expandit in November 1940 whan Hungary, Slovakie an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Romanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Romanie (page disna exeest)">Romanie</a> jynt the Tripartite Pact.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001877-90">[88]</a> Romanie wad mak a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanie_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanie in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">major contreibution</a> (as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungary_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungary in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">did Hungary</a>) tae the Axis war agin the USSR, pairtially tae recaptur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_occupation_o_Bessarabie_an_Northren_Bukovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet occupation o Bessarabie an Northren Bukovina (page disna exeest)">territory cedit tae the USSR</a>, pairtially tae pursue its leader <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Antonescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion Antonescu (page disna exeest)">Ion Antonescu</a>'s desire tae combat communism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001745–6-91">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mediterranean_(1940–41)">Mediterranean (1940–41)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Eedit section: Mediterranean (1940–41)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Mediterranean (1940–41)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9_Div_Tobruk(AWM_020779).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/9_Div_Tobruk%28AWM_020779%29.jpg/220px-9_Div_Tobruk%28AWM_020779%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/9_Div_Tobruk%28AWM_020779%29.jpg/330px-9_Div_Tobruk%28AWM_020779%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/9_Div_Tobruk%28AWM_020779%29.jpg/440px-9_Div_Tobruk%28AWM_020779%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Sodgers o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breetish_Empire_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breetish Empire in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">Breetish Commonweel forces</a> frae the Australie Airmy's <a href="/w/index.php?title=9t_Diveesion_(Australie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9t Diveesion (Australie) (page disna exeest)">9t Diveesion</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_o_Tobruk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege o Tobruk (page disna exeest)">Siege o Tobruk</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_African_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North African Campaign (page disna exeest)">North African Campaign</a>, August 1941</figcaption></figure> Italy begoud operations in the Mediterranean, ineetiatin a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_o_Maltae_(Warld_War_II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege o Maltae (Warld War II) (page disna exeest)">siege o Maltae</a> in Juin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_conquest_o_Breetish_Somaliland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian conquest o Breetish Somaliland (page disna exeest)">conquerin Breetish Somaliland</a> in August, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_invasion_o_Egyp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian invasion o Egyp (page disna exeest)">makkin an incursion intae Breetish-held Egyp</a> in September 1940. In October 1940, Italy stairtit the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greco-Italian_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greco-Italian War (page disna exeest)">Greco-Italian War</a> acause o Mussolini's jealousy o Hitler's success but within days wis repulsed wi few territorial gains an a stalemate suin occurred.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClogg2002118-92">[90]</a> The Unitit Kinrick respondit tae Greek requests for assistance bi sendin truips tae Crete an providin air support tae Greece. Hitler decidit that whan the wather impruived he wad tak action against Greece tae assist the Italians an prevent the Breetish frae gaining a fithauld in the Balkans, tae strike against the Breetish naval dominance o the Mediterranean, an tae siccar his hauld on Romanie ile.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> Bi late Mairch 1941, follaein <a href="/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie">Bulgarie</a>'s signin o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripartite_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripartite Pact (page disna exeest)">Tripartite Pact</a>, the Germans war in poseetion tae intervene in Greece. Plans chynged, houiver, acause o developments in neighbourin <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavie" title="Yugoslavie">Yugoslavie</a>. The Yugoslav govrenment haed signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 Mairch, anerly tae be owerthrawn twa day efter bi a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav coup d'état (page disna exeest)">Breetish-encouraged coup</a>. Hitler viewed the new regime as hostile an immediately decidit tae eliminate it. On 6 Apryle Germany simultaneously invadit baith <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_o_Yugoslavie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasion o Yugoslavie (page disna exeest)">Yugoslavie</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Greece (page disna exeest)">Greece</a>, makkin rapid progress an forcin baith naitions tae surrender within the month. The Breetish war driven frae the Balkans efter Germany <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Crete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Crete (page disna exeest)">conquered the Greek island o Crete</a> bi the end o Mey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg2005229-94">[92]</a> Awtho the Axis veectory wis swift, bitter pairtisan warfare subsequently brak oot agin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axis_occupation_o_Yugoslavie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axis occupation o Yugoslavie (page disna exeest)">Axis occupation o Yugoslavie</a>, whilk conteena'd till the end o the war. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axis_attack_on_the_USSR_(1941)">Axis attack on the USSR (1941)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Eedit section: Axis attack on the USSR (1941)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Axis attack on the USSR (1941)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> Wi the situation in Europe an Asie relatively stable, Germany, Japan, an the Soviet Union made preparations. Wi the Soviets waurie o moontin tensions wi Germany an the Japanese plannin tae tak advantage o the European War bi seizin resoorce-rich European possessions in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sootheast_Asie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sootheast Asie (page disna exeest)">Sootheast Asie</a>, the twa pouers signed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Neutrality_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact (page disna exeest)">Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact</a> in Apryle 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarver1988114-95">[93]</a> Bi contrast, the Germans war steadily makkin preparations for an attack on the Soviet Union, massin forces on the Soviet mairch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg2005195-96">[94]</a> Hitler believed that Breetain's refuisal tae end the war wis based on the howp that the Unitit States an the Soviet Union wad enter the war agin Germany suiner or later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1983[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-3.html_69]-97">[95]</a> He tharefore decidit tae try tae strenthen Germany's relations wi the Soviets, or failin that, tae attack an eliminate them as a factor. In November 1940, <a href="/w/index.php?title=German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German–Soviet Axis talks (page disna exeest)">negotiations teuk place</a> tae determine if the Soviet Union wad jyne the Tripartite Pact. The Soviets shawed some interest, but asked for concessions frae Finland, Bulgarie, Turkey, an Japan that Germany conseedert unacceptable. On 18 December 1940, Hitler issued the directive tae prepare for an invasion o the Soviet Union. On 22 Juin 1941, Germany, supportit bi Italy an Romanie, invadit the Soviet Union in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, wi Germany accusin the Soviets o plottin agin them. Thay war jynt shortly bi Finland an Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-Events1941-98">[96]</a> The primar targets o this surprise offensive<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESella1978-99">[97]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] war the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltic_region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltic region (page disna exeest)">Baltic region</a>, Moscow an <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, wi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_goal_(militar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic goal (militar) (page disna exeest)">ultimate goal</a> o endin the 1941 campaign near the <a href="/w/index.php?title=A-A_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-A line (page disna exeest)">Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line</a>, frae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caspian_sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caspian sea (page disna exeest)">Caspian</a> tae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Sea (page disna exeest)">White Seas</a>. Hitler's objectives war tae eliminate the Soviet Union as a militar pouer, exterminate Communism, generate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebensraum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lebensraum (page disna exeest)">Lebensraum</a> ("leevin space")<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw200766–9-100">[98]</a> bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Generalplan_Ost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generalplan Ost (page disna exeest)">dispossessin the native population</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinberg1995-101">[99]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] an guarantee access tae the strategic resoorces needit tae defeat Germany's remeenin rivals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHauner1978-102">[100]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_troops_in_Russia,_1941_-_NARA_-_540155.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/German_troops_in_Russia%2C_1941_-_NARA_-_540155.jpg/220px-German_troops_in_Russia%2C_1941_-_NARA_-_540155.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/German_troops_in_Russia%2C_1941_-_NARA_-_540155.jpg/330px-German_troops_in_Russia%2C_1941_-_NARA_-_540155.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/German_troops_in_Russia%2C_1941_-_NARA_-_540155.jpg/440px-German_troops_in_Russia%2C_1941_-_NARA_-_540155.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2943" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption>German sodgers in the invasion o the Soviet Union bi the <a href="/wiki/Axis_pouers" title="Axis pouers">Axis pouers</a>, 1941</figcaption></figure> Awtho the <a href="/wiki/Reid_Airmy" title="Reid Airmy">Reid Airmy</a> wis preparin for strategic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coonter-offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coonter-offensive (page disna exeest)">coonter-offensives</a> afore the war,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1995-103">[101]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] Barbarossa forced the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stavka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stavka (page disna exeest)">Soviet supreme command</a> tae adopt a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_defence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic defence (page disna exeest)">strategic defence</a>. In the simmer, the Axis made signeeficant gains intae Soviet territory, inflictin immense losses in baith personnel an materiel. By the middle o August, houiver, the German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberkommando_des_Heeres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oberkommando des Heeres (page disna exeest)">Airmy Heich Command</a> decidit tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Smolensk_(1941)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Smolensk (1941) (page disna exeest)">suspend the offensive</a> o a conseederably depletit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airmy_Group_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airmy Group Centre (page disna exeest)">Airmy Group Centre</a>, an tae divert the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2nt_Panzer_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nt Panzer Group (page disna exeest)">2nt Panzer Group</a> tae reinforce truips advancin taewart central Ukraine an Leningrad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilt1981-104">[102]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Kiev_(1941)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Kiev (1941) (page disna exeest)">Kiev offensive</a> wis owerwhalminly successfu, resultin in encirclement an elimination o fower Soviet airmies, an made possible further <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crimean Campaign (page disna exeest)">advance intae Crimea</a> an industrially developit Eastren Ukraine (the <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_o_Kharkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Battle o Kharkov (page disna exeest)">First Battle o Kharkov</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2003114–37-105">[103]</a> The diversion o three quarter o the Axis truips an the majority o thair air forces frae Fraunce an the central Mediterranean tae the <a href="/wiki/Eastren_Front_(Warld_War_II)" title="Eastren Front (Warld War II)">Eastren Front</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz20019-106">[104]</a> promptit Breetain tae reconseeder its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_strategy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand strategy (page disna exeest)">grand strategy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell1993-107">[105]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] In Julie, the UK an the Soviet Union formed a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Soviet_Greement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Soviet Greement (page disna exeest)">militar alliance against Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeeble199029-108">[106]</a> The Breetish an Soviets <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Soviet_invasion_o_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion o Iran (page disna exeest)">invadit neutral Iran</a> tae siccar the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persian_Corridor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persian Corridor (page disna exeest)">Persian Corridor</a> an Iran's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ile_field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ile field (page disna exeest)">ile fields</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno_de_MesquitaSmithSiversonMorrow2003425-109">[107]</a> In August, the Unitit Kinrick an the Unitit States jyntly issued the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Chairter" title="Atlantic Chairter">Atlantic Chairter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012220-110">[108]</a> Bi October Axis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operational_objective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operational objective (page disna exeest)">operational objectives</a> in Ukraine an the Baltic region war achieved, wi anerly the sieges o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_o_Leningrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege o Leningrad (page disna exeest)">Leningrad</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinfeld1983-111">[109]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_o_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%9342)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege o Sevastopol (1941–42) (page disna exeest)">Sevastopol</a> conteenain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes2001113-112">[110]</a> A major <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Moscow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Moscow (page disna exeest)">offensive against Moscow</a> wis renewed; efter twa month o fierce battles in increasinly hersh wather the German airmy awmaist reached the ooter suburbs o Moscow, whaur the exhaustit truips<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> war forced tae suspend thair offensive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhardt1992227-114">[112]</a> Lairge territorial gains war made bi Axis forces, but thair campaign haed failed tae achieve its main objectives: twa key ceeties remeened in Soviet haunds, the Soviet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Militar_capability&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militar capability (page disna exeest)">capability tae resist</a> wis nae brak, an the Soviet Union reteened a conseederable pairt o its militar potential. The blitzkrieg <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phase_(combat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phase (combat) (page disna exeest)">phase</a> o the war in Europe haed endit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilward1964-115">[113]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] Bi early December, freshly mobilised <a href="/w/index.php?title=Militar_reserve_force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militar reserve force (page disna exeest)">reserves</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERotundo1986-116">[114]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] alloued the Soviets tae achieve numerical parity wi Axis truips.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz200126-117">[115]</a> This, as weel as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Sorge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Sorge (page disna exeest)">intelligence data</a> that established that a meenimal nummer o Soviet truips in the East wad be sufficient tae deter ony attack bi the Japanese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwantung_Airmy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwantung Airmy (page disna exeest)">Kwantung Airmy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarthoff1969-118">[116]</a>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Citin_soorces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Citin soorces (page disna exeest)">page needit</a>] alloued the Soviets tae begin a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Offensive_(1941%E2%80%931942)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Offensive (1941–1942) (page disna exeest)">massive coonter-offensive</a> that stairtit on 5 December aw alang the front an pushed German truips 100–250 kilometre (62–155 mi) wast.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_braks_out_in_the_Paceefic_(1941)">War braks out in the Paceefic (1941)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Eedit section: War braks out in the Paceefic (1941)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: War braks out in the Paceefic (1941)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paceefic_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paceefic War (page disna exeest)">Paceefic War</a></div> In 1939, the Unitit States haed renoonced its tred treaty wi Japan; an, beginnin wi an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviation_petrol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aviation petrol (page disna exeest)">aviation petrol</a> ban in Julie 1940, Japan becam subject tae increasin economic pressur.<a href="#cite_note-ibiblio_1940-82">[80]</a> In this time, Japan launched its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Changsha_(1939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Changsha (1939) (page disna exeest)">first attack against Changsha</a>, a strategically important Cheenese ceety, but wis repulsed bi late September.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJowettAndrew200214-120">[118]</a> Despite <a href="/w/index.php?title=1939%E2%80%9340_Winter_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939–40 Winter Offensive (page disna exeest)">several offensives</a> bi baith sides, the war atween Cheenae an Japan wis stalematit bi 1940. Tae increase pressur on Cheenae bi blockin supply routes, an tae better poseetion Japanese forces in the event o a war wi the Wastren powers, Japan invadit an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_invasion_o_French_Indocheenae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese invasion o French Indocheenae (page disna exeest)">occupied northren Indocheenae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999289-121">[119]</a> Efterwart, the Unitit States <a href="/w/index.php?title=Embargo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embargo (page disna exeest)">embargoed</a> airn, steel an mechanical pairts against Japan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison200260-122">[120]</a> Ither sanctions suin follaed. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sco&wpDestFile=The_USS_Arizona_(BB-39)_burnin_efter_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg" class="new" title="File:The USS Arizona (BB-39) burnin efter the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor - NARA 195617 - Edit.jpg">File:The USS Arizona (BB-39) burnin efter the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor - NARA 195617 - Edit.jpg</a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Arizona_(BB-39)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USS Arizona (BB-39) (page disna exeest)">USS Arizona</a> in the Japanese surprise air attack on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitit_States_Paceefic_Fleet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitit States Paceefic Fleet (page disna exeest)">American paceefic fleet</a>, 7 December 1941</figcaption></figure> Syne early 1941 the Unitit States an Japan haed been engaged in negotiations in an attempt tae impruive thair streened relations an end the war in Cheenae. In thir negotiations Japan advanced a nummer o proponements that war dismissed bi the Americans as inadequate.<a href="#cite_note-USAWWIIcp5-123">[121]</a> At the same time the US, Breetain, an the Netherlands engaged in saicret discussions for the jynt defence o thair territories, in the event o a Japanese attack against ony o them.<a href="#cite_note-USAWWIIcp4-124">[122]</a> Roosevelt reinforced <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonweel_o_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commonweel o the Philippines (page disna exeest)">the Philippines (an American pertectorate scheduled for unthirldom in 1946)</a> an wairned Japan that the US wad react tae Japanese attacks against ony "neebourin kintra".<a href="#cite_note-USAWWIIcp4-124">[122]</a> Japan prepared for war efter failed negotiations. On 7 December 1941 (8 December in Asie time zones), Japan attacked Breetish an American hauldins wi near-simultaneous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_expansion_(1941%E2%80%931942)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese expansion (1941–1942) (page disna exeest)">offensives against Sootheast Asie an the Central Paceefic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWohlstetter1962341–3-125">[123]</a> Thir includit an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor (page disna exeest)">attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippines_Campaign_(1941%E2%80%9342)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippines Campaign (1941–42) (page disna exeest)">the Philippines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayan_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayan Campaign (page disna exeest)">landings in Thailand an Malaya</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWohlstetter1962341–3-125">[123]</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Hong Kong (page disna exeest)">battle o Hong Kong</a>. Thir attacks led the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitit_States_declaration_o_war_on_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitit States declaration o war on Japan (page disna exeest)">Unitit States</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitit_Kinrick_declaration_o_war_on_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitit Kinrick declaration o war on Japan (page disna exeest)">Unitit Kinrick</a>, Cheenae, Australie an several ither states tae formally declare war on Japan, whauras the Soviet Union, bein hivily involved in lairge-scale hostilities wi European Axis kintras, mainteened its neutrality agreement wi Japan.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Germany, follaed bi the ither Axis states, declared war on the Unitit States<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> in solidarity wi Japan, citin as juistification the American attacks on German war veshels that haed been ordered bi Roosevelt.<a href="#cite_note-Events1941-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axis_advance_staws_(1942–43)">Axis advance staws (1942–43)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Eedit section: Axis advance staws (1942–43)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Axis advance staws (1942–43)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> In 1942, Allied offeecials debatit on the appropriate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_strategy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand strategy (page disna exeest)">grand strategy</a> tae pursue. Aw agreed that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_first&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe first (page disna exeest)">defeatin Germany</a> wis the primar objective. The Americans favourt a straichtforrit, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Sledgehammer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Sledgehammer (page disna exeest)">lairge-scale attack</a> on Germany throu Fraunce. The Soviets wis forby demandin a seicont front. The Breetish, on the ither haund, argied that militar operations shoud target peripheral auries tae weir oot German strenth, leadin tae increasin demoralisation, an bolster resistance forces. Germany itsel wad be subject tae a hivy bombin campaign. An offensive agin Germany wad then be launched primarily bi Allied airmour withoot uisin lairge-scale airmies.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> Eventually, the Breetish persuadit the Americans that a laundingin Fraunce wis infeasible in 1942 an thay shoud insteid focus on drivin the Axis oot o North Africae.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paceefic_(1942–43)">Paceefic (1942–43)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Eedit section: Paceefic (1942–43)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Paceefic (1942–43)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> Bi the end o Apryle 1942, Japan an its ally Thailand haed awmaist fully conquered <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_conquest_o_Burma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese conquest o Burma (page disna exeest)">Burma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Malaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Malaya (page disna exeest)">Malaya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_East_Indies_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch East Indies campaign (page disna exeest)">the Dutch East Indies</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Singapore (page disna exeest)">Singapore</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabaul (page disna exeest)">Rabaul</a>, inflictin severe losses on Allied truips an takkin a lairge nummer o preesoners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012247–267,_345-131">[129]</a> Despite stubborn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippines_Campaign_(1941%E2%80%9342)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippines Campaign (1941–42) (page disna exeest)">resistance</a> bi Filipino an US forces, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Commonweel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Commonweel (page disna exeest)">Philippine Commonweel</a> wis eventually capturt in Mey 1942, forcin its govrenment intae exile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1953p._529_(Table_11)-132">[130]</a> In airly Mey 1942, Japan ineetiatit operations tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Mo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Mo (page disna exeest)">captur Port Moresby</a> bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphibious_assault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amphibious assault (page disna exeest)">amphibious assault</a> an sicweys sever communications an supply lines atween the Unitit States an Australie. The plant invasion wis thortert whan an Allied task force, centred on twa American fleet cairiers, focht Japanese naval forces tae a draw in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Coral_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Coral Sea (page disna exeest)">Battle o the Coral Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddox1992111–2-133">[131]</a> Japan's next plan, motivatit bi the earlier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doolittle_Raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doolittle Raid (page disna exeest)">Doolittle Raid</a>, wis tae seize <a href="/w/index.php?title=Midway_Atoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midway Atoll (page disna exeest)">Midway Atoll</a> an wyse American cairiers intae battle tae be eliminatit; as a diversion, Japan wad forby send forces tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleutian_Islands_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleutian Islands Campaign (page disna exeest)">occupy the Aleutian Islands</a> in Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalecker2001186-134">[132]</a> In mid-Mey, Japan stairtit the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhejiang-Jiangxi_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign (page disna exeest)">Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign</a> in Cheenae, wi the goal o inflictin retribution on the Cheenese that aidit the survivin American airmen in the Doolittle Raid bi destroyin air bases an fechtin against the Cheenese 23rd an 32nd Airmy Groups.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> In early Juin, Japan put its operations intae action but the Americans, haein brak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_naval_codes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese naval codes (page disna exeest)">Japanese naval codes</a> in late Mey, war fully awaur o plans an order o battle, an uised this knawledge tae achieve a decisive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Midway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Midway (page disna exeest)">veectory at Midway</a> ower the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Japanese_Navy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial Japanese Navy (page disna exeest)">Imperial Japanese Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastren_Front_(1942–43)">Eastren Front (1942–43)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Eedit section: Eastren Front (1942–43)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Eastren Front (1942–43)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg/300px-RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg/450px-RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg/600px-RIAN_archive_44732_Soviet_soldiers_attack_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reid_Airmy" title="Reid Airmy">Reid Airmy</a> sodgers on the coonterattack, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_o_Stalingrad" title="Battle o Stalingrad">Battle o Stalingrad</a>, Februar 1943</figcaption></figure> Maugre conseederable losses, in airly 1942 Germany an its allies stappit a major Soviet offensive in central an soothren Roushie, keepin maist territorial gains thay haed achieved in the umwhile year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz200131-138">[136]</a> Bi mid-November, the Germans haed <a href="/wiki/Battle_o_Stalingrad" title="Battle o Stalingrad">nearly takken Stalingrad</a> in bitter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_warfare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban warfare (page disna exeest)">street fechtin</a> whan the Soviets begoud thair seicont winter coonter-offensive, stairtin wi an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Uranus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Uranus (page disna exeest)">encirclement o German forces at Stalingrad</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor1998239–65-139">[137]</a> an an assault on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Mars (page disna exeest)">Rzhev salient near Moscow</a>, tho the latter failed disastrously.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2003119-140">[138]</a> Bi early Februar 1943, the German Airmy haed taen tremendous losses; German truips at Stalingrad haed been forced tae surrender,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor1998383–91-141">[139]</a> an the front-line haed been pushed back ayont its poseetion afore the simmer offensive. In mid-Februar, efter the Soviet push haed tapered aff, the Germans launcht anither <a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Battle_o_Kharkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Battle o Kharkov (page disna exeest)">attack on Kharkov</a>, creautin a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salients,_re-entrants_an_pockets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salients, re-entrants an pockets (page disna exeest)">salient</a> in thair front line aroond the Soviet ceety o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kursk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kursk (page disna exeest)">Kursk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2001142-142">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wastren_Europe/Atlantic_an_Mediterranean_(1942–43)">Wastren Europe/Atlantic an Mediterranean (1942–43)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Eedit section: Wastren Europe/Atlantic an Mediterranean (1942–43)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Wastren Europe/Atlantic an Mediterranean (1942–43)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> Exploitin puir American naval command deceesions, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seicont_Happy_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seicont Happy Time (page disna exeest)">the German navy ravaged Allied shippin aff the American Atlantic coast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilner199052-143">[141]</a> Bi November 1941, Commonweel forces haed launched a coonter-offensive, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Crusader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Crusader (page disna exeest)">Operation Crusader</a>, in North Africae, an reclaimed aw the gains the Germans an Italians haed made.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012224–8-144">[142]</a> In Juin 1943 the Breetish an Americans begoud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combined_Bomber_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combined Bomber Offensive (page disna exeest)">a strategic bombin campaign</a> against Germany wi a goal tae disrupt the war economy, reduce morale, an "<a href="/w/index.php?title=De-hoosin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De-hoosin (page disna exeest)">de-hoose</a>" the ceevilian population.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombin_o_Hamburg_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombin o Hamburg in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">firebombin o Hamburg</a> wis amang the first attacks in this campaign, it lead tae signeeficant causalities an inflictit conseederable losses on infrastructur o this important industrial centre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOvery1995119–120-146">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allies_gain_momentum_(1943–44)">Allies gain momentum (1943–44)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Eedit section: Allies gain momentum (1943–44)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Allies gain momentum (1943–44)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> On 3 September 1943, the Wastren Allies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_invasion_o_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allied invasion o Italy (page disna exeest)">invadit the Italian mainland</a>, follaein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airmistice_o_Cassibile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airmistice o Cassibile (page disna exeest)">Italy's airmistice wi the Allies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> Germany wi the help o fascists respondit bi disairmin Italian forces that wis in mony places withoot superior orders, seizin militar control o Italian auries,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008362-148">[146]</a> an creautin a series o defensive lines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartHartHughes2000151-149">[147]</a> German special forces then <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran_Sasso_raid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran Sasso raid (page disna exeest)">rescued Mussolini</a>, that then suin established a new client state in German-occupied Italy named the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Social_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian Social Republic (page disna exeest)">Italian Social Republic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlinkhorn200652-150">[148]</a> causin an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_Ceevil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian Ceevil War (page disna exeest)">Italian ceevil war</a>. The Wastren Allies focht throu several lines till reachin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winter_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winter Line (page disna exeest)">main German defensive line</a> in mid-November.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReadFisher2002129-151">[149]</a> In November 1943, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> an Winston Churchill met wi <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cairo_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cairo Conference (page disna exeest)">in Cairo</a> an then wi Joseph Stalin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehran Conference (page disna exeest)">in Tehran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kolko_1990_211,235,267_268-152">[150]</a> The umwhile conference determined the post-war return o Japanese territory<a href="#cite_note-Iriye_1981_154-153">[151]</a> an the militar plannin fur the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burma_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burma Campaign (page disna exeest)">Burma Campaign</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitter2014286-154">[152]</a> while the latter includit greement that the Wastren Allies wad invade Europe in 1944 an that the Soviet Union wad declare war on Japan within three month o Germany's defeat.<a href="#cite_note-polley148-155">[153]</a> Bi the end o Januar 1944, a major <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leningrad_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leningrad Front (page disna exeest)">Soviet</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_o_Leningrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege o Leningrad (page disna exeest)">offensive herried oot German forces</a> frae the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad region</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Glantz_2002_327_366-156">[154]</a> endin the langest an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_battles_bi_casualties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o battles bi casualties (page disna exeest)">maist lethal siege in history</a>. Bi late Mey, the Soviets haed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crimean_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crimean Offensive (page disna exeest)">leeberatit Crimea</a>, lairgely expelled Axis forces frae Ukraine, an made <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive (page disna exeest)">incursions intae Romanie</a>, that war repulsed bi the Axis truips.<a href="#cite_note-Chubarov_2001_122-157">[155]</a> The Allied offensives in Italy haed succeedit an, at the expense o allouin several German diveesions tae retreat, on 4 Juin, Roum wis capturt.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allies_close_in_(1944)">Allies close in (1944)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Eedit section: Allies close in (1944)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Allies close in (1944)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Approaching_Omaha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Approaching_Omaha.jpg/220px-Approaching_Omaha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Approaching_Omaha.jpg/330px-Approaching_Omaha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Approaching_Omaha.jpg/440px-Approaching_Omaha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2147" /></a><figcaption>American truips approachin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omaha_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omaha Beach (page disna exeest)">Omaha Beach</a>, in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_o_Normandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasion o Normandy (page disna exeest)">invasion o Normandy</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normandy_laundins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normandy laundins (page disna exeest)">D-Day</a>, 6 Juin 1944</figcaption></figure> On 6 Juin 1944 (kent as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normandy_laundins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normandy laundins (page disna exeest)">D-Day</a>), efter three year o Soviet pressur,<a href="#cite_note-rees406-159">[157]</a> the Wastren Allies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasion_o_Normandy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasion o Normandy (page disna exeest)">invadit northren Fraunce</a>. Efter reassignin several Allied divisions frae Italy, thay forby <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Dragoon (page disna exeest)">attacked soothren Fraunce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg_2005_695-160">[158]</a> Thir laundins war successfu, an led tae the defeat o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falaise_Pocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falaise Pocket (page disna exeest)">German Airmy units</a> in Fraunce. Paris wis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeberation_o_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leeberation o Paris (page disna exeest)">leeberatit</a> bi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Reseestance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Reseestance (page disna exeest)">local reseestance</a> assistit bi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_French_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free French Forces (page disna exeest)">Free French Forces</a>, baith led bi General <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, on 25 August<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> an the Wastren Allies conteena'd tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_advance_frae_Paris_tae_the_Rhine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allied advance frae Paris tae the Rhine (page disna exeest)">push back German forces</a> in wastren Europe in the latter pairt o the year. An attempt tae advance intae northren Germany speirheidit bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Market_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Market Garden (page disna exeest)">a major airborne operation</a> in the Netherlands failed.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> Thareefter, the Wastren Allies slawly pushed intae Germany, but <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Queen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Queen (page disna exeest)">failed tae cross the Ruhr river</a> in a lairge offensive. In Italy, Allied advance forby slawed due tae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothic_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gothic Line (page disna exeest)">last major German defensive line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> On 22 Juin, the Soviets launched a strategic offensive in Belaroushie ("<a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bagration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Bagration (page disna exeest)">Operation Bagration</a>") that destroyed the German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airmy_Group_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airmy Group Centre (page disna exeest)">Airmy Group Centre</a> awmaist completely.<a href="#cite_note-Zaloga_1996_7-164">[162]</a> Suin efter that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive (page disna exeest)">anither Soviet strategic offensive</a> forced German truips frae Wastren Ukraine an Eastren Poland. The Soviet advance promptit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armia_Krajowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armia Krajowa (page disna exeest)">reseestance forces in Poland</a> tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Tempest (page disna exeest)">ineetiate several uprisins</a> agin the German occupation. Houiver, the lairgest o thir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warsaw_Uprisin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warsaw Uprisin (page disna exeest)">in Warsaw</a>, whaur German sodgers massacred 200,000 ceevilians, an a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_Naitional_Uprisin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak Naitional Uprisin (page disna exeest)">naitional uprisin</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945) (page disna exeest)">Slovakie</a>, did nae receive Soviet support an war subsequently suppressed bi the Germans.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> The Reid Airmy's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jassy–Kishinev Offensive (page disna exeest)">strategic offensive in eastren Romanie</a> cut aff an destroyed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airmy_Group_Sooth_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airmy Group Sooth Ukraine (page disna exeest)">conseederable German truips thare</a> an triggered <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keeng_Michael%27s_Coup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keeng Michael's Coup (page disna exeest)">a successfu coup d'état in Romanie</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarie_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_o_1944&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgarie coup d'état o 1944 (page disna exeest)">in Bulgarie</a>, follaed bi thae kintras' shift tae the Allied side.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies.us-166">[164]</a> In September 1944, Soviet truips advanced intae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavie (page disna exeest)">Yugoslavie</a> an forced the rapid widrawal o German Airmy Groups <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airmy_Group_E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airmy Group E (page disna exeest)">E</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airmy_Group_F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airmy Group F (page disna exeest)">F</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axis_occupation_o_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axis occupation o Greece (page disna exeest)">Greece</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albanie_Kinrick_(1943%E2%80%9344)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albanie Kinrick (1943–44) (page disna exeest)">Albanie</a> an Yugoslavie tae rescue them frae bein cut aff.<a href="#cite_note-Evans_2008_653-167">[165]</a> Bi this pynt, the Communist-led <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Pairtisans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav Pairtisans (page disna exeest)">Pairtisans</a> unner Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josip_Broz_Tito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josip Broz Tito (page disna exeest)">Josip Broz Tito</a>, that haed led an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warld War II in Yugoslavia (page disna exeest)">increasinly successfu guerrilla campaign</a> against the occupation syne 1941, controlled muckle o the territory o Yugoslavie an engaged in delayin efforts against German forces forder sooth. In northren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbie_(1941%E2%80%931944)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbie (1941–1944) (page disna exeest)">Serbie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Reid_Airmy" title="Reid Airmy">Reid Airmy</a>, wi leemitit support frae Bulgarie forces, assisted the Pairtisans in a jynt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgrade_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belgrade Offensive (page disna exeest)">leeberation o the caipital ceety o Belgrade</a> on 20 October. A few days later, the Soviets launched a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budapest_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budapest Offensive (page disna exeest)">massive assault</a> against <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Panzerfaust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Panzerfaust (page disna exeest)">German-occupied</a> Hungary that lastit till <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Budapest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Budapest (page disna exeest)">the faw o Budapest</a> in Februar 1945.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> Unlik impressive Soviet veectories in the Balkans, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Continuation_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continuation War (page disna exeest)">bitter Finnish reseestance</a> tae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive (page disna exeest)">Soviet offensive</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karelie_Isthmus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karelie Isthmus (page disna exeest)">Karelie Isthmus</a> denee'd the Soviets occupation o Finland an led tae a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Airmistice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moscow Airmistice (page disna exeest)">Soviet-Finnish airmistice</a> on relatively mild condeetions,<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> awtho Finland wis forced tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapland_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapland War (page disna exeest)">fecht thair umwhile allies</a>. In the Paceefic, US forces conteena'd tae press back the Japanese perimeter. In mid-Juin 1944, thay begoud thair <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariana_an_Palau_Islands_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariana an Palau Islands campaign (page disna exeest)">offensive agin the Mariana an Palau islands</a>, an decisively defeatit Japanese forces in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Philippine_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Philippine Sea (page disna exeest)">Battle o the Philippine Sea</a>. Thir defeats led tae the resignation o the Japanese Prime Meenister, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a>, an providit the Unitit States wi air bases tae launch intensive hivy bomber attacks on the Japanese hame islands. In late October, American forces <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Leyte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Leyte (page disna exeest)">invadit the Filipino island o Leyte</a>; suin efter, Allied naval forces scored anither lairge veectory in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Leyte_Gulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Leyte Gulf (page disna exeest)">Battle o Leyte Gulf</a>, ane o the lairgest naval battles in history.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axis_collapse,_Allied_veectory_(1944–45)">Axis collapse, Allied veectory (1944–45)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Eedit section: Axis collapse, Allied veectory (1944–45)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Axis collapse, Allied veectory (1944–45)">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yalta_Conference_(Churchill,_Roosevelt,_Stalin)_(B%26W).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg/220px-Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg/330px-Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg/440px-Yalta_Conference_%28Churchill%2C_Roosevelt%2C_Stalin%29_%28B%26W%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="2239" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yalta_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yalta Conference (page disna exeest)">Yalta Conference</a> held in Februar 1945, wi <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> an <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></figcaption></figure> On 16 December 1944, Germany made a last attempt on the Wastren Front bi uisin maist o its remeenin reserves tae launch <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_the_Bulge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o the Bulge (page disna exeest)">a massive coonter-offensive in the Ardennes</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Nordwind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Nordwind (page disna exeest)">alang the French–German mairch</a> tae split the Wastren Allies, encircle lairge portions o Wastren Allied truips an captur thair primar supply port at <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> tae prompt a poleetical dounset.<a href="#cite_note-parkerxiii-172">[170]</a> Bi Januar, the offensive haed been repulsed wi na strategic objectives fulfilled.<a href="#cite_note-parkerxiii-172">[170]</a> In Italy, the Wastren Allies remeened stalemated at the German defensive line. In mid-Januar 1945, the Soviets an Poles attacked in Poland, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vistula–Oder Offensive (page disna exeest)">pushin frae the Vistula tae the Oder</a> river in Germany, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Proushie_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Proushie Offensive (page disna exeest)">overran East Proushie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> On 4 Februar, Soviet, Breetish an US leaders met for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yalta_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yalta Conference (page disna exeest)">Yalta Conference</a>. Thay greed on the occupation o post-war Germany, an on whan the Soviet Union wad jyne the war against Japan.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> In Februar, the Soviets <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesie_Offensives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesie Offensives (page disna exeest)">entered Silesie</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Pomeranie_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Pomeranie Offensive (page disna exeest)">Pomeranie</a>, while <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wastren_Allied_invasion_o_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wastren Allied invasion o Germany (page disna exeest)">Wastren Allies entered wastren Germany</a> an closed tae the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> river. Bi Mairch, the Wastren Allies crossed the Rhine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Plunder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Plunder (page disna exeest)">north</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Remagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remagen (page disna exeest)">sooth</a> o the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Ruhr</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhr_Pocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhr Pocket (page disna exeest)">encirclin the German Airmy Group B</a>,<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> while the Soviets advanced tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vienna offensive (page disna exeest)">Vienna</a>. In early Apryle, the Wastren Allies feenally <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ware_1945_offensive_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ware 1945 offensive in Italy (page disna exeest)">pushed forrit in Italy</a> an soopit athort wastren Germany capturin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Hamburg_(1945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Hamburg (1945) (page disna exeest)">Hamburg</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Nuremberg_(1945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Nuremberg (1945) (page disna exeest)">Nuremberg</a>, while Soviet an Polshforces <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Berlin (page disna exeest)">stormed Berlin</a> in late Apryle. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elbe_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elbe Day (page disna exeest)">American an Soviet forces met at the Elbe river</a> on 25 Apryle. On 30 Apryle 1945, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichstag_biggin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichstag biggin (page disna exeest)">Reichstag</a> wis capturt, seegnallin the militar defeat o Nazi Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Shepardson_1998-176">[174]</a> Several chynges in leadership occurred in this period. On 12 Apryle, Preses Roosevelt dee'd an wis succeedit bi <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>. Benito Mussolini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daith_o_Benito_Mussolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daith o Benito Mussolini (page disna exeest)">wis killt</a> bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italian_reseestance_muivement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italian reseestance muivement (page disna exeest)">Italian pairtisans</a> on 28 Apryle.<a href="#cite_note-O'Reilly_2001_244-177">[175]</a> Twa days later, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daith_o_Adolf_Hitler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daith o Adolf Hitler (page disna exeest)">Hitler committit suicide</a>, an wis succeedit bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Admiral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Admiral (page disna exeest)">Grand Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> German forces surrendered in Italy on 29 Apryle. <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Instrument_o_Surrender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Instrument o Surrender (page disna exeest)">Tot an uncondeetional surrender</a> wis signed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veectory_in_Europe_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veectory in Europe Day (page disna exeest)">on 7 Mey</a>, tae be effective bi the end o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veectory_Day_(Eastren_Front)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veectory Day (Eastren Front) (page disna exeest)">8 Mey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Evans_2008_737-179">[177]</a> German Airmy Group Centre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prague_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prague Offensive (page disna exeest)">reseestit in Prague</a> till 11 Mey.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz_1998_34-180">[178]</a> In the Paceefic theatre, American forces accompanied bi the forces o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Commonweel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Commonweel (page disna exeest)">Philippine Commonweel</a> advanced <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippines_Campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippines Campaign (1944–1945) (page disna exeest)">in the Philippines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Leyte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Leyte (page disna exeest)">clearin Leyte</a> bi the end o Apryle 1945. Thay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Luzon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Luzon (page disna exeest)">laundit on Luzon</a> in Januar 1945 an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Manila_(1945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Manila (1945) (page disna exeest)">recapturt Manila</a> in Mairch follaein a battle that reduced the ceety tae ruins. Fechtin conteena'd on Luzon, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Mindanao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Mindanao (page disna exeest)">Mindanao</a>, an ither islands o the Philippines till the <a href="/w/index.php?title=End_o_Warld_War_II_in_Asie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="End o Warld War II in Asie (page disna exeest)">end o the war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Unitit_States_Airmy_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitit States Airmy Air Forces">Unitit States Airmy Air Forces</a> (USAAF) war destroyin strategic an populatit ceeties an touns in Japan in an effort tae destroy Japanese war industrie an ceevilian morale. On the nicht o 9–10 Mairch, USAAF <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boeing_B-29_Superfortress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress (page disna exeest)">B-29</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bomber (page disna exeest)">bombers</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombin_o_Tokyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombin o Tokyo (page disna exeest)">struck Tokyo</a> wi thoosands o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Incendiary_device&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incendiary device (page disna exeest)">incendiary bombs</a>, that killt 100,000 ceevilians an destroyed 16 square mile (41 km2) within a few oors. Ower the next five month, the USAAF <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_raids_on_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air raids on Japan (page disna exeest)">firebombed a tot o 67 Japanese ceeties</a>, killin 393,000 ceevilians an destroyin 65% o biggit-up auries.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> On 11 Julie, Allied leaders <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">met in Potsdam, Germany</a>. Thay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Greement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdam Greement (page disna exeest)">confirmed earlier greements</a> aboot Germany,<a href="#cite_note-Williams_2006_90-183">[181]</a> an reiteratit the demand for uncondeetional surrender o aw Japanese forces bi Japan, speceefically statin that "the alternative for Japan is prompt an utter destruction".<a href="#cite_note-Miscamble_2007_201-184">[182]</a> In this conference, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitit_Kinrick_general_election,_1945&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitit Kinrick general election, 1945 (page disna exeest)">Unitit Kinrick held its general election</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> replaced Churchill as Prime Meenister.<a href="#cite_note-Miscamble_2007_203_204-185">[183]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender,_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg/220px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg/330px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg/440px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War_-_Alt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5723" data-file-height="4550" /></a><figcaption>Japanese foreign affairs meenister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamoru_Shigemitsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamoru Shigemitsu (page disna exeest)">Mamoru Shigemitsu</a> signs the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Instrument_o_Surrender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Instrument o Surrender (page disna exeest)">Japanese Instrument o Surrender</a> on buird <a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Missouri_(BB-63)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USS Missouri (BB-63) (page disna exeest)">USS Missouri</a>, 2 September 1945</figcaption></figure> The Allies cried for uncondeetional Japanese surrender in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_Declaration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdam Declaration (page disna exeest)">Potsdam Declaration</a> o 27 Julie, but the Japanese govrenment rejectit the cry. In early August, the USAAF <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_bombings_o_Hiroshima_an_Nagasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic bombings o Hiroshima an Nagasaki (page disna exeest)">drappit atomic bombs</a> on the Japanese ceeties o <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> an <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>. Atween the twa bombins, the Soviets, pursuant tae the Yalta greement, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_o_Manchurie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet invasion o Manchurie (page disna exeest)">invadit Japanese-held Manchurie</a>, an quickly defeatit the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwantung_Airmy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwantung Airmy (page disna exeest)">Kwantung Airmy</a>, that wis the lairgest Japanese fechtin force.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pape_1993-187">[185]</a> The Reid Airmy an aw capturt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakhalin (page disna exeest)">Sakhalin</a> Island an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuril_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuril Islands (page disna exeest)">Kuril Islands</a>. On 15 August 1945, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surrender_o_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surrender o Japan (page disna exeest)">Japan surrendered</a>, wi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Instrument_o_Surrender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Instrument o Surrender (page disna exeest)">surrender documents</a> feenally signed at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokyo_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokyo Bay (page disna exeest)">Tokyo Bay</a> on the deck o the American battleship <a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Missouri_(BB-63)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USS Missouri (BB-63) (page disna exeest)">USS Missouri</a> on 2 September 1945, endin the war.<a href="#cite_note-Beevor_2012_776-188">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eftermath">Eftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Eedit section: Eftermath" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Eftermath">eedit soorce</a>]</div> The Allies established occupation admeenistrations in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied-occupied_Austrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allied-occupied Austrick (page disna exeest)">Austrick</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied-occupied_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allied-occupied Germany (page disna exeest)">Germany</a>. The umwhile becam a neutral state, non-aligned wi ony poleetical bloc. The latter wis dividit intae wastren an eastren occupation zones controlled bi the Wastren Allies an the USSR, accordinly. A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denazification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denazification (page disna exeest)">denazification</a> programme in Germany led tae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuremberg_trials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuremberg trials (page disna exeest)">prosecution o Nazi war criminals</a> an the remuival o ex-Nazis frae power, awtho this policy muived taewart amnesty an re-integration o ex-Nazis intae Wast German society.<a href="#cite_note-Frei_2002_41_66-189">[187]</a> In an effort tae mainteen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_peace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warld peace (page disna exeest)">warld peace</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Yoder_1997_39-190">[188]</a> the Allies formed the <a href="/wiki/Unitit_Naitions" title="Unitit Naitions">Unitit Naitions</a>, that offeecially cam intae exeestence on 24 October 1945,<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> an adoptit the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_o_Human_Richts" title="Universal Declaration o Human Richts">Universal Declaration o Human Richts</a> in 1948, as a common staundart for aw <a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_states_o_the_Unitit_Naitions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Member states o the Unitit Naitions (page disna exeest)">member naitions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Waltz_2002-192">[190]</a> Post-war diveesion o the warld wis formalised bi twa internaitional militar alliances, the Unitit States-led <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> an the Soviet-led <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Borstelmann_2005_318-193">[191]</a> the lang period o poleetical tensions an militar competeetion atween them, the <a href="/wiki/Cauld_War" title="Cauld War">Cauld War</a>, wad be accompanied bi an unprecedentit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airms_race&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airms race (page disna exeest)">airms race</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proxy war (page disna exeest)">proxy wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, umwhile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korea_unner_Japanese_rule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korea unner Japanese rule (page disna exeest)">unner Japanese rule</a>, wis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diveesion_o_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diveesion o Korea (page disna exeest)">dividit an occupied</a> bi the Soviet Union in the <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North</a> an the US in the <a href="/wiki/Sooth_Korea" title="Sooth Korea">Sooth</a> atween 1945 an 1948. Separate republics emerged on baith sides o the 38t parallel in 1948, ilk claimin tae be the legitimate govrenment for aw o Korea, that led ultimately tae the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> In Cheenae, naitionalist an communist forces resumed <a href="/wiki/Cheenese_Ceevil_War" title="Cheenese Ceevil War">the ceevil war</a> in Juin 1946. Communist forces war veectorious an established the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae on the mainland, while naitionalist forces retreatit tae <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-Lynch_2010_12_13-196">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Eedit section: Impact" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Impact">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties_an_war_crimes">Casualties an war crimes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Eedit section: Casualties an war crimes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Casualties an war crimes">eedit soorce</a>]</div> Estimates fur the tot nummer o casualties in the war varies, acause mony diaths went wanrecordit. Maist suggests that some 60 million fowk dee'd in the war, includin aboot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_casualties_o_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle casualties o Warld War II (page disna exeest)">20 million militar personnel</a> an 40 million ceevilians.<a href="#cite_note-WWII:_C&C-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> Mony o the ceevilians dee'd acause o deliberate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genocide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genocide (page disna exeest)">genocide</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_massacres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o massacres (page disna exeest)">massacres</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_bombin_in_Warld_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic bombin in Warld War II (page disna exeest)">mass-bombins</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infectious_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infectious disease (page disna exeest)">disease</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stairvation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stairvation (page disna exeest)">stairvation</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg/220px-Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg/330px-Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg/440px-Chinese_civilians_to_be_buried_alive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1111" /></a><figcaption>Cheenese civilians bein buiried alive bi sodgers o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Japanese_Airmy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperial Japanese Airmy (page disna exeest)">Imperial Japanese Airmy</a>, in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanking_Massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanking Massacre (page disna exeest)">Nanking Massacre</a>, December 1937</figcaption></figure> In Asie an the Paceefic, atween 3 million an mair nor 10 million ceevilians, maistly Cheenese (estimatit at 7.5 million<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a>), wis killt bi the Japanese occupation forces.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> The best-kent Japanese atrocity wis the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanking_Massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanking Massacre (page disna exeest)">Nanking Massacre</a>, in that fifty tae three hunder thoosand Cheenese ceevilians war raped an murthert.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> Mitsuyoshi Himeta reportit that 2.7 million casualties occurred in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Alls_Policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Alls Policy (page disna exeest)">Sankō Sakusen</a>. General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasuji_Okamura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasuji Okamura (page disna exeest)">Yasuji Okamura</a> implementit the policy in Heipei an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shantung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shantung (page disna exeest)">Shantung</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> The Soviet Union wis responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacre</a> o 22,000 Pols officers,<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> an the impreesonment or execution o thoosands o poleetical preesoners bi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=NKVD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NKVD (page disna exeest)">NKVD</a>,<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genocide_an_concentration_camps">Genocide an concentration camps</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Eedit section: Genocide an concentration camps" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Genocide an concentration camps">eedit soorce</a>]</div> The German govrenment led bi <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> an the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Pairty" title="Nazi Pairty">Nazi Pairty</a> wis responsible for <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a> (killin o thareaboot 6 million Jews), as weel as fur killin o 2.7 million ethnic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazi_crimes_agin_the_Pols_nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazi crimes agin the Pols nation (page disna exeest)">Poles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> an 4 million ithers that war deemed "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_unworthy_o_life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Life unworthy o life (page disna exeest)">unworthy o life</a>" (includin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disabeelity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disabeelity (page disna exeest)">disabled</a> an <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mentally ill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_mistreatment_o_Soviet_preesoners_o_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German mistreatment o Soviet preesoners o war (page disna exeest)">Soviet preesoners o war</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homosexuals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homosexuals (page disna exeest)">homosexuals</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freemasons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freemasons (page disna exeest)">Freemasons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Romani_fowk" title="Romani fowk">Romani</a>) as pairt o a programme o deliberate extermination. <a href="/w/index.php?title=German_mistreatment_o_Soviet_preesoners_o_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German mistreatment o Soviet preesoners o war (page disna exeest)">Soviet POWs</a> wis kept in especially unbeirable condeetion, an, awtho thair extermination wisnae an offeecial goal, 3.6 million o Soviet POWs oot o 5.7 dee'd in Nazi camps in the war.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-Overy_2004_568_569-208">[206]</a> In addeetion tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazi_concentration_camps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazi concentration camps (page disna exeest)">concentration camps</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extermination_camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extermination camp (page disna exeest)">daith camps</a> wis creatit in Nazi Germany fur tae exterminate fowk at an industrial scale. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Eedit section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Notes">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> 23 August 1939, the USSR an Germany sign non-aggression pact, secretly dividin Eastren Europe intae spheres o influence. USSR armistice wi Japan 16 September 1939; invades Poland 17 September 1939; attacks Finland 30 September 1939; forcibly incorporates Baltic States Juin 1940; takes eastren Romanie 4 Julie 1940. 22 Juin 1941, USSR is invaded bi European Axis; USSR aligns wi kintras fichtin Axis. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> Efter the fall o the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> in 1940, the de facto govrenment wis the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_Fraunce" title="Vichy Fraunce">Vichy Regime</a>. It conductit pro-Axis policies till November 1942 while remainin formally neutral. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_French_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free French Forces (page disna exeest)">Free French Forces</a>, based oot o Lunnon, wur recognized bi aw Allies as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proveesional_Govrenment_o_the_French_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proveesional Govrenment o the French Republic (page disna exeest)">offeecial govrenment</a> in September 1944. </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Eedit section: Citations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Citations">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFitzgerald2011">Fitzgerald 2011</a>, p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHedgepethSaidel2010">Hedgepeth & Saidel 2010</a>, p. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFJames_A._Tyner2009" class="citation book cs1">James A. Tyner (3 Mairch 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warviolencepopul00tyne">War, Violence, and Population: Making the Body Count</a>. The Guilford Press; 1 edition. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warviolencepopul00tyne/page/n63">49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-6062-3038-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-6062-3038-7"><bdi>1-6062-3038-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War%2C+Violence%2C+and+Population%3A+Making+the+Body+Count&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=The+Guilford+Press%3B+1+edition&rft.date=2009-03-03&rft.isbn=1-6062-3038-7&rft.au=James+A.+Tyner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarviolencepopul00tyne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r809032">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sommerville_2008_5-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Sommerville_2008_5_6-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSommerville2011">Sommerville 2011</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bar&Shyu_2001_6-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Bar&Shyu_2001_6_7-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarrettShyu2001">Barrett & Shyu 2001</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> Axelrod, Alan (2007) Encyclopedia of World War II, Volume 1. Infobase Publishing. pp. 659. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_UN_Security_Council-9"><a href="#cite_ref-The_UN_Security_Council_9-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620101548/http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/united-nations/the-un-security-council.html">The UN Security Council</a>, archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/united-nations/the-un-security-council.html">the original</a> on 20 Juin 2012, retrieved 15 Mey 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+UN+Security+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unfoundation.org%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fissues%2Funited-nations%2Fthe-un-security-council.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHerman_Van_Rompuy,_President_of_the_European_CouncilJosé_Manuel_Durão_Barroso,_President_of_the_European_Commission2012" class="citation web cs1">Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council; José Manuel Durão Barroso, President of the European Commission (10 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2012/eu-lecture_en.html">"From War to Peace: A European Tale"</a>. Nobel Lecture by the European Union. Retrieved 4 Januar 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+War+to+Peace%3A+A+European+Tale&rft.pub=Nobel+Lecture+by+the+European+Union&rft.date=2012-12-10&rft.au=Herman+Van+Rompuy%2C+President+of+the+European+Council&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Manuel+Dur%C3%A3o+Barroso%2C+President+of+the+European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F2012%2Feu-lecture_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngram2006[https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA76_76–8]-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngram2006[https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA76_76–8]_11-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIngram2006">Ingram 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&pg=PA76">76–8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKantowicz1999149-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKantowicz1999149_12-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKantowicz1999">Kantowicz 1999</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw200035-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw200035_13-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFShaw2000">Shaw 2000</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrody19994-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrody19994_14-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrody1999">Brody 1999</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZalampas198962-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZalampas198962_15-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFZalampas1989">Zalampas 1989</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamthwaite199252-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamthwaite199252_16-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdamthwaite1992">Adamthwaite 1992</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreston1998104-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreston1998104_17-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPreston1998">Preston 1998</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyersPeattie1987458-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyersPeattie1987458_18-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMyersPeattie1987">Myers & Peattie 1987</a>, p. 458. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithSteadman200428-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithSteadman200428_19-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmithSteadman2004">Smith & Steadman 2004</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCoogan1993">Coogan 1993</a>: "Although some Chinese troops in the Northeast managed to retreat south, others were trapped by the advancing Japanese Army and were faced with the choice of resistance in defiance of orders, or surrender. A few commanders submitted, receiving high office in the puppet government, but others took up arms against the invader. The forces they commanded were the first of the volunteer armies." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusky200210-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBusky200210_21-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBusky2002">Busky 2002</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayne2008271-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayne2008271_22-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPayne2008">Payne 2008</a>, p. 271. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPayne2008146-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPayne2008146_23-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPayne2008">Payne 2008</a>, p. 146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEastman1986547–51-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEastman1986547–51_24-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEastman1986">Eastman 1986</a>, pp. 547–51. </li> <li id="cite_note-Guo_1971_221-25">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Guo_1971_221_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guo_1971_221_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuo2005">Guo 2005</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hsu_&_Chang_1971_221-26">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hsu_&_Chang_1971_221_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hsu_&_Chang_1971_221_26-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHsuChang1971">Hsu & Chang 1971</a>, pp. 195–200. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker2009-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Tucker2009_27-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTucker2009" class="citation web cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. (23 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA1873">"A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East"</a>. ABC-CLIO. Retrieved 27 August 2017 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Global+Chronology+of+Conflict%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East+%5B6+volumes%5D%3A+From+the+Ancient+World+to+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh5_tSnygvbIC%26pg%3DPA1873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-yang-28"><a href="#cite_ref-yang_28-0">↑</a> Yang Kuisong, "On the reconstruction of the facts of the Battle of Pingxingguan" </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> Levene, Mark and Roberts, Penny. The Massacre in History. 1999, page 223-4 </li> <li id="cite_note-tot-30"><a href="#cite_ref-tot_30-0">↑</a> Totten, Samuel. Dictionary of Genocide. 2008, 298–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsuChang1971221–230-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsuChang1971221–230_31-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHsuChang1971">Hsu & Chang 1971</a>, pp. 221–230. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEastman1986566-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEastman1986566_32-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEastman1986">Eastman 1986</a>, p. 566. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2009150–2-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2009150–2_33-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2009">Taylor 2009</a>, pp. 150–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESella1983651–87-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESella1983651–87_34-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSella1983">Sella 1983</a>, pp. 651–87. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollierPedley2000144-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollierPedley2000144_35-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollierPedley2000">Collier & Pedley 2000</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2001121–2-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2001121–2_36-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2001">Kershaw 2001</a>, pp. 121–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2001157-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2001157_37-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2001">Kershaw 2001</a>, p. 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies2006pp._143–4_(2008_ed.)-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies2006pp._143–4_(2008_ed.)_38-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavies2006">Davies 2006</a>, pp. 143–4 (2008 ed.). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoweMarzari2002330-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoweMarzari2002330_39-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLoweMarzari2002">Lowe & Marzari 2002</a>, p. 330. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001234-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001234_40-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, p. 234. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> Derek Watson, Molotov's Apprenticeship in Foreign Policy: The Triple Alliance Negotiations in 1939, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Jun., 2000), pp. 695-722 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/153322">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShore2003108-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShore2003108_42-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFShore2003">Shore 2003</a>, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001608-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001608_43-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, p. 608. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-II.html#chapter5">"The German Campaign In Poland (1939)"</a>. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+German+Campaign+In+Poland+%281939%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FDAP-Poland%2FCampaign-II.html%23chapter5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-ww2db_com-45">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ww2db_com_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ww2db_com_45-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=162">"The Danzig Crisis"</a>. ww2db.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ww2db.com&rft.atitle=The+Danzig+Crisis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2db.com%2Fbattle_spec.php%3Fbattle_id%3D162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibiblio1939-46">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ibiblio1939_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibiblio1939_46-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1939.html">"Major international events of 1939, with explanation"</a>. Ibiblio.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+international+events+of+1939%2C+with+explanation&rft.pub=Ibiblio.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fevents%2F1939.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans20081–2-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans20081–2_47-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-Keegan_1997_35-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Keegan_1997_35_48-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeegan1997">Keegan 1997</a>, p. 35. <a href="#CITEREFCienciala2010">Cienciala 2010</a>, p. 128, observes that, while it is true that Poland wis faur awey, makkin it difficult for the French an Breetish tae provide support, "[f]ew Western historians of World War II ... know that the British had committed to bomb Germany if it attacked Poland, but did not do so except for one raid on the base of Wilhelmshafen. The French, who committed to attack Germany in the west, had no intention of doing so." </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2012">Beevor 2012</a>, p. 32; <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, pp. 248–9; <a href="#CITEREFRoskill1954">Roskill 1954</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaloga200280,_83-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaloga200280,_83_50-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFZaloga2002">Zaloga 2002</a>, pp. 80, 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHempel200524-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHempel200524_51-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHempel2005">Hempel 2005</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> Nuremberg Documents C-62/GB86, a directive frae Hitler in October 1939 whilk concludes: "The attack [on France] is tae be launcht this Autumn if conditions is possible ava." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart197739–40-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart197739–40_53-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiddell_Hart1977">Liddell Hart 1977</a>, pp. 39–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullock1990pp._563–4,_566,_568–9,_574–5_(1983_ed.)-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullock1990pp._563–4,_566,_568–9,_574–5_(1983_ed.)_54-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBullock1990">Bullock 1990</a>, pp. 563–4, 566, 568–9, 574–5 (1983 ed.). </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk, L Deighton, Jonathan Cape, 1993, p186-7. Deighton states that "the offensive was postponed twenty-nine times before it finally took place." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithPabriksPursLane200224-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithPabriksPursLane200224_56-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmithPabriksPursLane2002">Smith et al. 2002</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilinsky19999-57">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilinsky19999_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilinsky19999_57-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBilinsky1999">Bilinsky 1999</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurrayMillett200155–6-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurrayMillett200155–6_58-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurrayMillett2001">Murray & Millett 2001</a>, pp. 55–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpring1986207-226-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpring1986207-226_59-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpring1986">Spring 1986</a>, p. 207-226. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> Carl van Dyke. The Soviet Invasion of Finland. Frank Cass Publishers, Lindon, Portland, OR. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /><a href="/wiki/Internaitional_Staundart_Beuk_Nummer" class="mw-redirect" title="Internaitional Staundart Beuk Nummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-4753-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-4753-5">0-7146-4753-5</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanhimäki199712-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanhimäki199712_61-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHanhimäki1997">Hanhimäki 1997</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson2006367,_376,_379,_417-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson2006367,_376,_379,_417_62-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFerguson2006">Ferguson 2006</a>, pp. 367, 376, 379, 417. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnyder2010118ff-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnyder2010118ff_63-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSnyder2010">Snyder 2010</a>, p. 118ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoch1983-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoch1983_64-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoch1983">Koch 1983</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts200656-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts200656_65-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2006">Roberts 2006</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts200659-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts200659_66-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2006">Roberts 2006</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurrayMillett2001">Murray & Millett 2001</a>, pp. 57–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommager20049-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommager20049_68-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCommager2004">Commager 2004</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds200676-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds200676_69-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFReynolds2006">Reynolds 2006</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008122–3-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008122–3_70-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, pp. 122–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, p. 436. The Americans later relieved the Breetish, wi marines arrivin in Reykjavik on 7 Julie 1941 (<a href="#CITEREFSchofield1981">Schofield 1981</a>, p. 122). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1990721–3-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer1990721–3_72-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirer1990">Shirer 1990</a>, pp. 721–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan199759–60-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan199759–60_73-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeegan1997">Keegan 1997</a>, pp. 59–60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegan2004152-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegan2004152_74-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRegan2004">Regan 2004</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart197748-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart197748_75-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiddell_Hart1977">Liddell Hart 1977</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan199766–7-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan199766–7_76-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeegan1997">Keegan 1997</a>, pp. 66–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999207-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999207_77-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOveryWheatcroft1999">Overy & Wheatcroft 1999</a>, p. 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUmbreit1991311-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUmbreit1991311_78-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUmbreit1991">Umbreit 1991</a>, p. 311. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2004xxx-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2004xxx_79-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown2004">Brown 2004</a>, p. xxx. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1997[https://books.google.com/books?id=TF8kcx9hTssC&pg=PA72_72]-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1997[https://books.google.com/books?id=TF8kcx9hTssC&pg=PA72_72]_80-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeegan1997">Keegan 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TF8kcx9hTssC&pg=PA72">72</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray_BoB-81">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Murray_BoB_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murray_BoB_81-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurray1983">Murray 1983</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-2.html#cn70">The Battle of Britain</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ibiblio_1940-82">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ibiblio_1940_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibiblio_1940_82-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1940.html">"Major international events of 1940, with explanation"</a>. Ibiblio.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+international+events+of+1940%2C+with+explanation&rft.pub=Ibiblio.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fevents%2F1940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldstein2004">Goldstein 2004</a>, p. 35. Aircraft played a heichly important role in defeatin the German U-boats (<a href="#CITEREFSchofield1981">Schofield 1981</a>, p. 122). </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSteury1987">Steury 1987</a>, p. 209; <a href="#CITEREFZetterlingTamelander2009">Zetterling & Tamelander 2009</a>, p. 282. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001108–9-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001108–9_85-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, pp. 108–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999328–30-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999328–30_86-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOveryWheatcroft1999">Overy & Wheatcroft 1999</a>, pp. 328–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaingot199452-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaingot199452_87-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaingot1994">Maingot 1994</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECantril1940390-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECantril1940390_88-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCantril1940">Cantril 1940</a>, p. 390. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilhartzElliott2007179-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilhartzElliott2007179_89-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBilhartzElliott2007">Bilhartz & Elliott 2007</a>, p. 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001877-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001877_90-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, p. 877. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001745–6-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDearFoot2001745–6_91-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, pp. 745–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClogg2002118-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClogg2002118_92-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFClogg2002">Clogg 2002</a>, p. 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, pp. 146, 152; <a href="#CITEREFUS_Army1986">US Army 1986</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/20_260_1.htm">4–6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg2005229-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinberg2005229_94-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeinberg2005">Weinberg 2005</a>, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarver1988114-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarver1988114_95-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarver1988">Garver 1988</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinberg2005195-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinberg2005195_96-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeinberg2005">Weinberg 2005</a>, p. 195. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1983[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-3.html_69]-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1983[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-3.html_69]_97-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurray1983">Murray 1983</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-3.html">69</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Events1941-98">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Events1941_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Events1941_98-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFKloozWiley1944" class="citation cs2">Klooz, Marle; Wiley, Evelyn (1944), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/">Events leading up to World War II – Chronological History</a>, 78th Congress, 2d Session – House Document N. 541, Director: Humphrey, Richard A., Washington: US Government Printing Office, pp. 267–312 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1941.html">1941</a>)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Events+leading+up+to+World+War+II+%E2%80%93+Chronological+History&rft.place=Washington&rft.series=78th+Congress%2C+2d+Session+%E2%80%93+House+Document+N.+541&rft.pages=pp.+267-312+%281941%29&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Klooz&rft.aufirst=Marle&rft.au=Wiley%2C+Evelyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fevents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" />. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESella1978-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESella1978_99-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSella1978">Sella 1978</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw200766–9-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw200766–9_100-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2007">Kershaw 2007</a>, pp. 66–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinberg1995-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinberg1995_101-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSteinberg1995">Steinberg 1995</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHauner1978-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHauner1978_102-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHauner1978">Hauner 1978</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1995-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1995_103-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1995">Roberts 1995</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilt1981-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilt1981_104-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilt1981">Wilt 1981</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2003114–37-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2003114–37_105-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFErickson2003">Erickson 2003</a>, pp. 114–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz20019-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz20019_106-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlantz2001">Glantz 2001</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrell1993-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrell1993_107-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFarrell1993">Farrell 1993</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeeble199029-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeeble199029_108-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeeble1990">Keeble 1990</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBueno_de_MesquitaSmithSiversonMorrow2003425-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBueno_de_MesquitaSmithSiversonMorrow2003425_109-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBueno_de_MesquitaSmithSiversonMorrow2003">Bueno de Mesquita et al. 2003</a>, p. 425. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012220-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012220_110-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2012">Beevor 2012</a>, p. 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleinfeld1983-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleinfeld1983_111-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKleinfeld1983">Kleinfeld 1983</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes2001113-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes2001113_112-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFJukes2001">Jukes 2001</a>, p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlantz2001">Glantz 2001</a>, p. 26: "By 1 November [the Wehrmacht] had lost fully 20% of its committed strength (686,000 men), up to 2/3 of its ½-million motor vehicles, and 65 percent of its tanks. The German Army High Command (OKH) rated its 136 divisions as equivalent to 83 full-strength divisions." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhardt1992227-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReinhardt1992227_114-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFReinhardt1992">Reinhardt 1992</a>, p. 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilward1964-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilward1964_115-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMilward1964">Milward 1964</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERotundo1986-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERotundo1986_116-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRotundo1986">Rotundo 1986</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz200126-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz200126_117-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlantz2001">Glantz 2001</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarthoff1969-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarthoff1969_118-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarthoff1969">Garthoff 1969</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor1998">Beevor 1998</a>, pp. 41–2; <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, pp. 213–4, notes that "Zhukov had pushed the Germans back where they had launched Operation Typhoon two months before. ... Only Stalin's decision to attack all along the front instead of concentrating his forces in an all-out assault against the retreating German Army Group Centre prevented the disaster from being even worse." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJowettAndrew200214-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJowettAndrew200214_120-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFJowettAndrew2002">Jowett & Andrew 2002</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999289-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOveryWheatcroft1999289_121-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOveryWheatcroft1999">Overy & Wheatcroft 1999</a>, p. 289. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorison200260-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorison200260_122-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorison2002">Morison 2002</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-USAWWIIcp5-123"><a href="#cite_ref-USAWWIIcp5_123-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Strategy/Strategy-5.html">"The decision for War"</a>. US Army in WWII – Strategy and Command: The First Two Years. pp. 113–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Army+in+WWII+%E2%80%93+Strategy+and+Command%3A+The+First+Two+Years&rft.atitle=The+decision+for+War&rft.pages=113-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FUSA-P-Strategy%2FStrategy-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAWWIIcp4-124">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-USAWWIIcp4_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USAWWIIcp4_124-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-4.html">"The Showdown With Japan Aug–Dec 1941"</a>. US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare. pp. 63–96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Army+in+WWII+%E2%80%93+Strategic+Planning+for+Coalition+Warfare&rft.atitle=The+Showdown+With+Japan+Aug%E2%80%93Dec+1941&rft.pages=63-96&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FUSA-WD-Strategic1%2FUSA-WD-Strategic1-4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWohlstetter1962341–3-125">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWohlstetter1962341–3_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWohlstetter1962341–3_125-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWohlstetter1962">Wohlstetter 1962</a>, pp. 341–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunn1998">Dunn 1998</a>, p. 157. According to <a href="#CITEREFMay1955">May 1955</a>, p. 155, Churchill stated: "Russian declaration of war on Japan would be greatly to our advantage, provided, but only provided, that Russians are confident that will not impair their Western Front." </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <a href="https://sco.wikisource.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_Declaration_of_War_against_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="s:Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States">Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States</a> in Wikisource. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFKloozWiley1944" class="citation cs2">Klooz, Marle; Wiley, Evelyn (1944), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/">Events leading up to World War II – Chronological History</a>, 78th Congress, 2d Session – House Document N. 541, Director: Humphrey, Richard A., Washington: US Government Printing Office, p. 310 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1941.html">1941</a>)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Events+leading+up+to+World+War+II+%E2%80%93+Chronological+History&rft.place=Washington&rft.series=78th+Congress%2C+2d+Session+%E2%80%93+House+Document+N.+541&rft.pages=p.+310+%281941%29&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Klooz&rft.aufirst=Marle&rft.au=Wiley%2C+Evelyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fevents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" />. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-5.html">"The First Full Dress Debate over Strategic Deployment. Dec 1941 – Jan 1942"</a>. US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare. pp. 97–119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Army+in+WWII+%E2%80%93+Strategic+Planning+for+Coalition+Warfare&rft.atitle=The+First+Full+Dress+Debate+over+Strategic+Deployment.+Dec+1941+%E2%80%93+Jan+1942&rft.pages=97-119&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FUSA-WD-Strategic1%2FUSA-WD-Strategic1-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-12.html">"The Elimination of the Alternatives. Jul–Aug 1942"</a>. US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare. pp. 266–92.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Army+in+WWII+%E2%80%93+Strategic+Planning+for+Coalition+Warfare&rft.atitle=The+Elimination+of+the+Alternatives.+Jul%E2%80%93Aug+1942&rft.pages=266-92&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSA%2FUSA-WD-Strategic1%2FUSA-WD-Strategic1-12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012247–267,_345-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012247–267,_345_131-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2012">Beevor 2012</a>, pp. 247–267, 345. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1953p._529_(Table_11)-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1953p._529_(Table_11)_132-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewis1953">Lewis 1953</a>, p. 529 (Table 11). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddox1992111–2-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddox1992111–2_133-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaddox1992">Maddox 1992</a>, pp. 111–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalecker2001186-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalecker2001186_134-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalecker2001">Salecker 2001</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchoppa2011">Schoppa 2011</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lILltXBTo8oC&pg=PA19">Chevrier & Chomiczewski & Garrigue 2004</a>, p.19. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRopp2000">Ropp 2000</a>, p. 368. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlantz200131-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlantz200131_138-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlantz2001">Glantz 2001</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor1998239–65-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor1998239–65_139-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor1998">Beevor 1998</a>, pp. 239–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack2003119-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlack2003119_140-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlack2003">Black 2003</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor1998383–91-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor1998383–91_141-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor1998">Beevor 1998</a>, pp. 383–91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErickson2001142-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErickson2001142_142-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFErickson2001">Erickson 2001</a>, p. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilner199052-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilner199052_143-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMilner1990">Milner 1990</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012224–8-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2012224–8_144-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2012">Beevor 2012</a>, pp. 224–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/ETO-Summary.html#tc">"The Civilians"</a> United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report (European War) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOvery1995119–120-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOvery1995119–120_146-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOvery1995">Overy 1995</a>, pp. 119–120. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKolko1990">Kolko 1990</a>, p. 45 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazower2008362-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazower2008362_148-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMazower2008">Mazower 2008</a>, p. 362. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartHartHughes2000151-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartHartHughes2000151_149-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHartHartHughes2000">Hart, Hart & Hughes 2000</a>, p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlinkhorn200652-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlinkhorn200652_150-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlinkhorn2006">Blinkhorn 2006</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReadFisher2002129-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReadFisher2002129_151-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFReadFisher2002">Read & Fisher 2002</a>, p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kolko_1990_211,235,267_268-152"><a href="#cite_ref-Kolko_1990_211,235,267_268_152-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKolko1990">Kolko 1990</a>, pp. 211, 235, 267–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-Iriye_1981_154-153"><a href="#cite_ref-Iriye_1981_154_153-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFIriye1981">Iriye 1981</a>, p. 154. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitter2014286-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitter2014286_154-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitter2014">Mitter 2014</a>, p. 286. </li> <li id="cite_note-polley148-155"><a href="#cite_ref-polley148_155-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolley2000">Polley 2000</a>, p. 148. </li> <li id="cite_note-Glantz_2002_327_366-156"><a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_2002_327_366_156-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlantz2002">Glantz 2002</a>, pp. 327–66. </li> <li id="cite_note-Chubarov_2001_122-157"><a href="#cite_ref-Chubarov_2001_122_157-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFChubarov2001">Chubarov 2001</a>, p. 122. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolland2008">Holland 2008</a>, pp. 169–84; <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2012">Beevor 2012</a>, pp. 568–73. The weeks after the fall of Rome saw a dramatic upswing in German atrocities in Italy (<a href="#CITEREFMazower2008">Mazower 2008</a>, pp. 500–2). The period featurt massacres wi victims in the hundrers at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civitella_in_Val_di_Chiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civitella in Val di Chiana (page disna exeest)">Civitella</a> (<a href="#CITEREFde_GraziaPaggi1991">de Grazia & Paggi 1991</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBelco2010">Belco 2010</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ardeatine_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ardeatine massacre (page disna exeest)">Fosse Ardeatine</a> (<a href="#CITEREFPortelli2003">Portelli 2003</a>), an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sant%27Anna_di_Stazzema_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre (page disna exeest)">Sant'Anna di Stazzema</a> (<a href="#CITEREFGordon2012">Gordon 2012</a>, pp. 10–1), an is kaipit wi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marzabotto_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marzabotto massacre (page disna exeest)">Marzabotto massacre</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-rees406-159"><a href="#cite_ref-rees406_159-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRees2008">Rees 2008</a>, pp. 406–7: "Stalin always believed that Britain and America were delaying the second front so that the Soviet Union would bear the brunt of the war." </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinberg_2005_695-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg_2005_695_160-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeinberg2005">Weinberg 2005</a>, p. 695. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBadsey1990">Badsey 1990</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, p. 562. </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFForrestEvansGibbons2012">Forrest, Evans & Gibbons 2012</a>, p. 191 </li> <li id="cite_note-Zaloga_1996_7-164"><a href="#cite_ref-Zaloga_1996_7_164-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFZaloga1996">Zaloga 1996</a>, p. 7: "It was the most calamitous defeat of all the German armed forces in World War II." </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBerend1996">Berend 1996</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-countrystudies.us-166"><a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies.us_166-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/romania/23.htm">"Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation"</a>. US Library of Congress. Retrieved 14 November 2009. <q>The coup speeded the Red Army's advance, and the Soviet Union later awarded Michael the Order of Victory for his personal courage in overthrowing Antonescu and putting an end to Romania's war agin the Allies. Western historians uniformly point out that the Communists jist played a uphaudin role in the coup; efter-war Romanian historians, housomeir, ascribe tae the Communists the decisive role in Antonescu's overthrow</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armistice+Negotiations+and+Soviet+Occupation&rft.pub=US+Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fromania%2F23.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans_2008_653-167"><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_2008_653_167-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, p. 653. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWiestBarbier2002">Wiest & Barbier 2002</a>, pp. 65–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFWiktor1998" class="citation book cs1">Wiktor, Christian L (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/multilateraltrea0000wikt">Multilateral Treaty Calendar – 1648–1995</a>. Kluwer Law International. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/multilateraltrea0000wikt/page/426">426</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-0584-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-0584-0"><bdi>90-411-0584-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multilateral+Treaty+Calendar+%E2%80%93+1648%E2%80%931995&rft.pages=426&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=90-411-0584-0&rft.aulast=Wiktor&rft.aufirst=Christian+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmultilateraltrea0000wikt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewton2004">Newton 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCookBewes1997">Cook & Bewes 1997</a>, p. 305. </li> <li id="cite_note-parkerxiii-172">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-parkerxiii_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-parkerxiii_172-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFParker2004">Parker 2004</a>, pp. xiii–xiv, 6–8, 68–70, 329–330 </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlantz2001">Glantz 2001</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2012">Beevor 2012</a>, pp. 709–22. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuchanan2006">Buchanan 2006</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shepardson_1998-176"><a href="#cite_ref-Shepardson_1998_176-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFShepardson1998">Shepardson 1998</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Reilly_2001_244-177"><a href="#cite_ref-O'Reilly_2001_244_177-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Reilly2001">O'Reilly 2001</a>, p. 244. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2001">Kershaw 2001</a>, p. 823. </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans_2008_737-179"><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_2008_737_179-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, p. 737. </li> <li id="cite_note-Glantz_1998_34-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1998_34_180-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlantz1998">Glantz 1998</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFChant1986" class="citation book cs1">Chant, Christopher (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000chan">The Encyclopedia of Codenames of World War II</a>. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000chan/page/118">118</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7102-0718-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7102-0718-2"><bdi>0-7102-0718-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Codenames+of+World+War+II&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-7102-0718-2&rft.aulast=Chant&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofco0000chan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFJohn_Dower2007" class="citation journal cs1">John Dower (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historians.org/perspectives/issues/2007/0709/index.cfm">"Lessons from Iwo Jima"</a>. Perspectives. 45 (6): 54–56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lessons+from+Iwo+Jima&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=54-56&rft.date=2007&rft.au=John+Dower&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historians.org%2Fperspectives%2Fissues%2F2007%2F0709%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_2006_90-183"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_2006_90_183-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilliams2006">Williams 2006</a>, p. 90. </li> <li id="cite_note-Miscamble_2007_201-184"><a href="#cite_ref-Miscamble_2007_201_184-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMiscamble2007">Miscamble 2007</a>, p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-Miscamble_2007_203_204-185"><a href="#cite_ref-Miscamble_2007_203_204_185-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMiscamble2007">Miscamble 2007</a>, pp. 203–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlantz2005">Glantz 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pape_1993-187"><a href="#cite_ref-Pape_1993_187-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPape1993">Pape 1993</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Beevor_2012_776-188"><a href="#cite_ref-Beevor_2012_776_188-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2012">Beevor 2012</a>, p. 776. </li> <li id="cite_note-Frei_2002_41_66-189"><a href="#cite_ref-Frei_2002_41_66_189-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrei2002">Frei 2002</a>, pp. 41–66. </li> <li id="cite_note-Yoder_1997_39-190"><a href="#cite_ref-Yoder_1997_39_190-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFYoder1997">Yoder 1997</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100218221016/http://www.un.org/aboutun/history.htm">"History of the UN"</a>. United Nations. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/aboutun/history.htm">the original</a> on 18 Februar 2010. Retrieved 25 Januar 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+UN&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Faboutun%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waltz_2002-192"><a href="#cite_ref-Waltz_2002_192-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWaltz2002">Waltz 2002</a>. The UDHR is viewable here <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/">[2]</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Borstelmann_2005_318-193"><a href="#cite_ref-Borstelmann_2005_318_193-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBorstelmann2005">Borstelmann 2005</a>, p. 318. </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLefflerWestad2010">Leffler & Westad 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFStueck2010">Stueck 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lynch_2010_12_13-196"><a href="#cite_ref-Lynch_2010_12_13_196-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLynch2010">Lynch 2010</a>, pp. 12–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-WWII:_C&C-197"><a href="#cite_ref-WWII:_C&C_197-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFO'Brien" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Prof. Joseph V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225004221/http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html">"World War II: Combatants and Casualties (1937–1945)"</a>. Obee's History Page. John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html">the original</a> on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 28 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Obee%27s+History+Page&rft.atitle=World+War+II%3A+Combatants+and+Casualties+%281937%E2%80%931945%29&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Prof.+Joseph+V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.jjay.cuny.edu%2F~jobrien%2Freference%2Fob62.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225004221/http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html">the original</a> on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 2 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.jjay.cuny.edu%2F~jobrien%2Freference%2Fob62.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFWhite" class="citation web cs1">White, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm#Second">"Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Twentieth Century Hemoclysm"</a>. Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century. Matthew White's Homepage. Retrieved 20 Apryle 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Atlas+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.atitle=Source+List+and+Detailed+Death+Tolls+for+the+Twentieth+Century+Hemoclysm&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnecrometrics.com%2F20c5m.htm%23Second&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://secondworldwar.co.uk/index.php/fatalities">"World War II Fatalities"</a>. secondworldwar.co.uk. Retrieved 20 Apryle 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Fatalities&rft.pub=secondworldwar.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsecondworldwar.co.uk%2Findex.php%2Ffatalities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDearFoot2001">Dear & Foot 2001</a>, p. 290. </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFRummell" class="citation web cs1">Rummell, R. J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP3.HTM">"Statistics"</a>. Freedom, Democide, War. The University of Hawaii System. Retrieved 25 Januar 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom%2C+Democide%2C+War&rft.atitle=Statistics&rft.aulast=Rummell&rft.aufirst=R.+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaii.edu%2Fpowerkills%2FSOD.CHAP3.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFChang1997">Chang 1997</a>, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBix2000">Bix 2000</a>, p. ?. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">↑</a> Kużniar-Plota, Małgorzata (30 November 2004). "Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre". Departmental Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. Retrieved 4 August 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">↑</a> Robert Gellately. Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. Knopf, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /><a href="/wiki/Internaitional_Staundart_Beuk_Nummer" class="mw-redirect" title="Internaitional Staundart Beuk Nummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-4005-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-4000-4005-1">1-4000-4005-1</a> p. 391 </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">↑</a> Institute of National Remembrance, Polska 1939–1945 Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Materski an Szarota. page 9 "Total Polish population losses under German occupation are currently calculated at about 2 770 000". </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHerbert1994">Herbert 1994</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M7Y9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA222">222</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Overy_2004_568_569-208"><a href="#cite_ref-Overy_2004_568_569_208-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOvery2004">Overy 2004</a>, pp. 568–9. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Eedit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: References">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFAdamthwaite1992" class="citation book cs1">Adamthwaite, Anthony P. (1992). The Making of the Second World War. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-90716-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-90716-0"><bdi>0-415-90716-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-415-90716-0&rft.aulast=Adamthwaite&rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1975" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson, Irvine H., Jr. (1975). "The 1941 De Facto Embargo on Oil to Japan: A Bureaucratic Reflex". The Pacific Historical Review. 44 (2). <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3638003">3638003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pacific+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+1941+De+Facto+Embargo+on+Oil+to+Japan%3A+A+Bureaucratic+Reflex&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1975&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3638003&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Irvine+H.%2C+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFApplebaum2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Applebaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Applebaum (page disna exeest)">Applebaum, Anne</a> (2003). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulag:_A_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulag: A History (page disna exeest)">Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Books (page disna exeest)">Allen Lane</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9322-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9322-6"><bdi>978-0-7139-9322-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulag%3A+A+History+of+the+Soviet+Camps&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7139-9322-6&rft.aulast=Applebaum&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFApplebaum2012" class="citation book cs1">——— (2012). Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944–56. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Books (page disna exeest)">Allen Lane</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9868-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9868-9"><bdi>978-0-7139-9868-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iron+Curtain%3A+The+Crushing+of+Eastern+Europe+1944%E2%80%9356&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7139-9868-9&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBacon1992" class="citation journal cs1">Bacon, Edwin (1992). "Glasnost' and the Gulag: New Information on Soviet Forced Labour around World War II". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Studies (page disna exeest)">Soviet Studies</a>. 44 (6): 1069–1086. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668139208412066">10.1080/09668139208412066</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/152330">152330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soviet+Studies&rft.atitle=Glasnost%27+and+the+Gulag%3A+New+Information+on+Soviet+Forced+Labour+around+World+War+II&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1069-1086&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668139208412066&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F152330&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBadsey1990" class="citation book cs1">Badsey, Stephen (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/normandy1944alli0000bads_o8g0">Normandy 1944: Allied Landings and Breakout</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-921-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-921-0"><bdi>978-0-85045-921-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Normandy+1944%3A+Allied+Landings+and+Breakout&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-921-0&rft.aulast=Badsey&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnormandy1944alli0000bads_o8g0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBalabkins1964" class="citation book cs1">Balabkins, Nicholas (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germanyunderdire0000bala">Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945–1948</a>. New Brunswick, NJ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutgers_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutgers University Press (page disna exeest)">Rutgers University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-0449-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-0449-0"><bdi>978-0-8135-0449-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+Under+Direct+Controls%3A+Economic+Aspects+of+Industrial+Disarmament+1945%E2%80%931948&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-0449-0&rft.aulast=Balabkins&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgermanyunderdire0000bala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBarberHarrison2006" class="citation book cs1">Barber, John; Harrison, Mark (2006). "Patriotic War, 1941–1945". In Ronald Grigor Suny, ed.,' The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume III: The Twentieth Century (pp. 217–242). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81144-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81144-6"><bdi>978-0-521-81144-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Patriotic+War%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.btitle=In+Ronald+Grigor+Suny%2C+ed.%2C+The+Cambridge+History+of+Russia%2C+Volume+III%3A+The+Twentieth+Century+%28pp.+217%E2%80%93242%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81144-6&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBarker1971" class="citation book cs1">Barker, A. J. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bwb_O8-BST-810">The Rape of Ethiopia 1936</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballantine_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballantine Books (page disna exeest)">Ballantine Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-02462-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-02462-6"><bdi>978-0-345-02462-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rape+of+Ethiopia+1936&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-345-02462-6&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbwb_O8-BST-810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBarrettShyu2001" class="citation book cs1">Barrett, David P.; Shyu, Lawrence N. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinainantijapan0001unse">China in the Anti-Japanese War, 1937–1945: Politics, Culture and Society</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Lang_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Lang (publisher) (page disna exeest)">Peter Lang</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-4556-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-4556-4"><bdi>978-0-8204-4556-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+in+the+Anti-Japanese+War%2C+1937%E2%80%931945%3A+Politics%2C+Culture+and+Society&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-4556-4&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=David+P.&rft.au=Shyu%2C+Lawrence+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinainantijapan0001unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBeevor1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antony_Beevor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antony Beevor (page disna exeest)">Beevor, Antony</a> (1998). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stalingrad_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stalingrad (book) (page disna exeest)">Stalingrad</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viking_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viking Press (page disna exeest)">Viking</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-87095-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-87095-0"><bdi>978-0-670-87095-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalingrad&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-670-87095-0&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBeevor2012" class="citation book cs1">——— (2012). <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Second_World_War_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Second World War (book) (page disna exeest)">The Second World War</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson (page disna exeest)">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84497-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84497-6"><bdi>978-0-297-84497-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-297-84497-6&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBelco2010" class="citation book cs1">Belco, Victoria (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warmassacrerecov0000belc">War, Massacre, and Recovery in Central Italy: 1943–1948</a>. Toronto: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Toronto_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Toronto Press (page disna exeest)">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9314-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-9314-1"><bdi>978-0-8020-9314-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War%2C+Massacre%2C+and+Recovery+in+Central+Italy%3A+1943%E2%80%931948&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-9314-1&rft.aulast=Belco&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarmassacrerecov0000belc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2007" class="citation book cs1">Bellamy, Chris T. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/absolutewarsovie0000bell_x5w0">Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_A._Knopf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred A. Knopf (page disna exeest)">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-41086-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-41086-4"><bdi>978-0-375-41086-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Absolute+War%3A+Soviet+Russia+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-375-41086-4&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Chris+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fabsolutewarsovie0000bell_x5w0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBen-Horin1943" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Horin, Eliahu (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/middleeastcrossr0000elia">The Middle East: Crossroads of History</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._W._Norton_%26_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. W. Norton & Company (page disna exeest)">W. W. Norton & Company</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East%3A+Crossroads+of+History&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Ben-Horin&rft.aufirst=Eliahu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmiddleeastcrossr0000elia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBerend1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iv%C3%A1n_T._Berend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iván T. Berend (page disna exeest)">Berend, Ivan T.</a> (1996). Central and Eastern Europe, 1944–1993: Detour from the Periphery to the Periphery. Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55066-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55066-6"><bdi>978-0-521-55066-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+and+Eastern+Europe%2C+1944%E2%80%931993%3A+Detour+from+the+Periphery+to+the+Periphery&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55066-6&rft.aulast=Berend&rft.aufirst=Ivan+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gail_Lee_Bernstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gail Lee Bernstein (page disna exeest)">Bernstein, Gail Lee</a> (1991). Recreating Japanese Women, 1600–1945. Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Press (page disna exeest)">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07017-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07017-2"><bdi>978-0-520-07017-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recreating+Japanese+Women%2C+1600%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Berkeley+%26+Los+Angeles%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07017-2&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Gail+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBilhartzElliott2007" class="citation book cs1">Bilhartz, Terry D.; Elliott, Alan C. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/currentsinameric0000bilh">Currents in American History: A Brief History of the United States</a>. Armonk, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._E._Sharpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. E. Sharpe (page disna exeest)">M. E. Sharpe</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1821-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1821-4"><bdi>978-0-7656-1821-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Currents+in+American+History%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+United+States&rft.place=Armonk%2C+NY&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-1821-4&rft.aulast=Bilhartz&rft.aufirst=Terry+D.&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Alan+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcurrentsinameric0000bilh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBilinsky1999" class="citation book cs1">Bilinsky, Yaroslav (1999). Endgame in NATO's Enlargement: The Baltic States and Ukraine. Westport, CT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwood_Publishing_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenwood Publishing Group (page disna exeest)">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96363-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96363-7"><bdi>978-0-275-96363-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Endgame+in+NATO%27s+Enlargement%3A+The+Baltic+States+and+Ukraine&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96363-7&rft.aulast=Bilinsky&rft.aufirst=Yaroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBix2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_P._Bix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert P. Bix (page disna exeest)">Bix, Herbert P.</a> (2000). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hirohito_and_the_Making_of_Modern_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (page disna exeest)">Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=HarperCollins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HarperCollins (page disna exeest)">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019314-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019314-0"><bdi>978-0-06-019314-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hirohito+and+the+Making+of+Modern+Japan&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-06-019314-0&rft.aulast=Bix&rft.aufirst=Herbert+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBlack2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Black_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Black (historian) (page disna exeest)">Black, Jeremy</a> (2003). World War Two: A Military History. Abingdon and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30534-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30534-1"><bdi>978-0-415-30534-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+Two%3A+A+Military+History&rft.place=Abingdon+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30534-1&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBlinkhorn2006" class="citation book cs1">Blinkhorn, Martin (2006) [1984]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mussolinifascist0000blin_h8c7">Mussolini and Fascist Italy</a> (3rd ed.). Abingdon and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26206-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26206-4"><bdi>978-0-415-26206-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mussolini+and+Fascist+Italy&rft.place=Abingdon+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26206-4&rft.aulast=Blinkhorn&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmussolinifascist0000blin_h8c7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBonnerBonner2001" class="citation book cs1">Bonner, Kit; Bonner, Carolyn (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warshipboneyards0000bonn">Warship Boneyards</a>. Osceola, WI: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MBI_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBI Publishing Company (page disna exeest)">MBI Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-0870-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-0870-7"><bdi>978-0-7603-0870-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warship+Boneyards&rft.place=Osceola%2C+WI&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-0870-7&rft.aulast=Bonner&rft.aufirst=Kit&rft.au=Bonner%2C+Carolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarshipboneyards0000bonn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBorstelmann2005" class="citation book cs1">Borstelmann, Thomas (2005). "The United States, the Cold War, and the colour line". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvyn_P._Leffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvyn P. Leffler (page disna exeest)">Melvyn P. Leffler</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_S._Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David S. Painter (page disna exeest)">David S. Painter</a>, eds., Origins of the Cold War: An International History (pp. 317–332) (2nd ed.). Abingdon & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34109-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34109-7"><bdi>978-0-415-34109-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+United+States%2C+the+Cold+War%2C+and+the+colour+line&rft.btitle=In+Melvyn+P.+Leffler+and+David+S.+Painter%2C+eds.%2C+Origins+of+the+Cold+War%3A+An+International+History+%28pp.+317%E2%80%93332%29&rft.place=Abingdon+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-34109-7&rft.aulast=Borstelmann&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBosworthMaiolo2015" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, Richard; Maiolo, Joseph (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820160141/http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/subject_title_list.jsf?subjectCode=15&heading=Warfare&tSort=title+closed&aSort=author+default_list&ySort=year+default_list">The Cambridge History of the Second World War Volume 2: Politics and Ideology</a>. The Cambridge History of the Second World War (3 vol) (in English). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 313–314. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/subject_title_list.jsf?subjectCode=15&heading=Warfare&tSort=title+closed&aSort=author+default_list&ySort=year+default_list">the original</a> on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 2 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Second+World+War+Volume+2%3A+Politics+and+Ideology&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Second+World+War+%283+vol%29&rft.pages=313-314&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Maiolo%2C+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funiversitypublishingonline.org%2Fcambridge%2Fhistories%2Fsubject_title_list.jsf%3FsubjectCode%3D15%26heading%3DWarfare%26tSort%3Dtitle%2Bclosed%26aSort%3Dauthor%2Bdefault_list%26ySort%3Dyear%2Bdefault_list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>) CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognised_leid" title="Category:CS1 maint: unrecognised leid">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBrayley2002" class="citation book cs1">Brayley, Martin J. (2002). The British Army 1939–45, Volume 3: The Far East. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-238-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-238-8"><bdi>978-1-84176-238-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Army+1939%E2%80%9345%2C+Volume+3%3A+The+Far+East&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-238-8&rft.aulast=Brayley&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBBSU1998" class="citation book cs1">British Bombing Survey Unit (1998). The Strategic Air War Against Germany, 1939–1945. London and Portland, OR: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Cass_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Cass Publishers (page disna exeest)">Frank Cass Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4722-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4722-7"><bdi>978-0-7146-4722-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strategic+Air+War+Against+Germany%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London+and+Portland%2C+OR&rft.pub=Frank+Cass+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4722-7&rft.au=British+Bombing+Survey+Unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBrody1999" class="citation book cs1">Brody, J. Kenneth (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/avoidablewar0000brod">The Avoidable War: Pierre Laval and the Politics of Reality, 1935–1936</a>. New Brunswick, NJ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transaction_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transaction Publishers (page disna exeest)">Transaction Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0622-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0622-2"><bdi>978-0-7658-0622-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Avoidable+War%3A+Pierre+Laval+and+the+Politics+of+Reality%2C+1935%E2%80%931936&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7658-0622-2&rft.aulast=Brody&rft.aufirst=J.+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Favoidablewar0000brod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation book cs1">Brown, David (2004). The Road to Oran: Anglo-French Naval Relations, September 1939 – July 1940. London & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Cass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Cass (page disna exeest)">Frank Cass</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5461-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5461-4"><bdi>978-0-7146-5461-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Oran%3A+Anglo-French+Naval+Relations%2C+September+1939+%E2%80%93+July+1940&rft.place=London+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5461-4&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2006" class="citation book cs1">Buchanan, Tom (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/europestroubledp0000buch">Europe's Troubled Peace, 1945–2000</a>. Oxford & Malden, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackwell_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackwell Publishing (page disna exeest)">Blackwell Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22162-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22162-3"><bdi>978-0-631-22162-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+Troubled+Peace%2C+1945%E2%80%932000&rft.place=Oxford+%26+Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22162-3&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feuropestroubledp0000buch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBudiansky2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Budiansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Budiansky (page disna exeest)">Budiansky, Stephen</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleofwitscomp0000unse">Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Books (page disna exeest)">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-028105-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-028105-7"><bdi>978-0-14-028105-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Wits%3A+The+Complete+Story+of+Codebreaking+in+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-14-028105-7&rft.aulast=Budiansky&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleofwitscomp0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBueno_de_MesquitaSmithSiversonMorrow2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Bueno_de_Mesquita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Bueno de Mesquita (page disna exeest)">Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce</a>; Smith, Alastair; Siverson, Randolph M.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_D._Morrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James D. Morrow (page disna exeest)">Morrow, James D.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/logicofpolitical0000unse">The Logic of Political Survival</a>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIT_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIT Press (page disna exeest)">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-02546-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-02546-1"><bdi>978-0-262-02546-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Logic+of+Political+Survival&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-262-02546-1&rft.aulast=Bueno+de+Mesquita&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Smith%2C+Alastair&rft.au=Siverson%2C+Randolph+M.&rft.au=Morrow%2C+James+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flogicofpolitical0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBullNewell2005" class="citation book cs1">Bull, Martin J.; Newell, James L. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/italianpoliticsa0000bull">Italian Politics: Adjustment Under Duress</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">Polity</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-1298-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-1298-0"><bdi>978-0-7456-1298-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Politics%3A+Adjustment+Under+Duress&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-1298-0&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft.au=Newell%2C+James+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitalianpoliticsa0000bull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBullock1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Bullock (page disna exeest)">Bullock, Alan</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr0000bull_c8v9">Hitler: A Study in Tyranny</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Books (page disna exeest)">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-014013564-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-014013564-0"><bdi>978-014013564-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%3A+A+Study+in+Tyranny&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-014013564-0&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitlerstudyintyr0000bull_c8v9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBurcherRydill1995" class="citation book cs1">Burcher, Roy; Rydill, Louis (1995). Concepts in Submarine Design. Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55926-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55926-3"><bdi>978-0-521-55926-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts+in+Submarine+Design&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55926-3&rft.aulast=Burcher&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Rydill%2C+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFBusky2002" class="citation book cs1">Busky, Donald F. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/communisminhisto0000busk">Communism in History and Theory: Asia, Africa, and the Americas</a>. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97733-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97733-1"><bdi>0-275-97733-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communism+in+History+and+Theory%3A+Asia%2C+Africa%2C+and+the+Americas&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-275-97733-1&rft.aulast=Busky&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommunisminhisto0000busk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCanfora2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luciano_Canfora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luciano Canfora (page disna exeest)">Canfora, Luciano</a> (2006) [2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/democracyineurop0000canf">Democracy in Europe: A History</a>. Oxford & Malden MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackwell_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackwell Publishing (page disna exeest)">Blackwell Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1131-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1131-7"><bdi>978-1-4051-1131-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+in+Europe%3A+A+History&rft.place=Oxford+%26+Malden+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1131-7&rft.aulast=Canfora&rft.aufirst=Luciano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdemocracyineurop0000canf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCantril1940" class="citation journal cs1">Cantril, Hadley (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_public-opinion-quarterly_1940-09_4_3/page/387">"America Faces the War: A Study in Public Opinion"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Opinion_Quarterly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Opinion Quarterly (page disna exeest)">Public Opinion Quarterly</a>. 4 (3): 387–407. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F265420">10.1086/265420</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2745078">2745078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Opinion+Quarterly&rft.atitle=America+Faces+the+War%3A+A+Study+in+Public+Opinion&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=387-407&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F265420&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2745078&rft.aulast=Cantril&rft.aufirst=Hadley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_public-opinion-quarterly_1940-09_4_3%2Fpage%2F387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFChang1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iris_Chang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iris Chang (page disna exeest)">Chang, Iris</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rapeofnankingfor0000chan">The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basic_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basic Books (page disna exeest)">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-06835-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-06835-7"><bdi>978-0-465-06835-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rape+of+Nanking%3A+The+Forgotten+Holocaust+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-465-06835-7&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Iris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frapeofnankingfor0000chan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFChristoffersonChristofferson2006" class="citation book cs1">Christofferson, Thomas R.; Christofferson, Michael S. (2006). France During World War II: From Defeat to Liberation. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fordham_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fordham University Press (page disna exeest)">Fordham University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-2562-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-2562-0"><bdi>978-0-8232-2562-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+During+World+War+II%3A+From+Defeat+to+Liberation&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-2562-0&rft.aulast=Christofferson&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft.au=Christofferson%2C+Michael+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFChubarov2001" class="citation book cs1">Chubarov, Alexander (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/russiasbitterpat0000chub">Russia's Bitter Path to Modernity: A History of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras</a>. London & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Continuum_International_Publishing_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continuum International Publishing Group (page disna exeest)">Continuum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1350-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1350-5"><bdi>978-0-8264-1350-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Bitter+Path+to+Modernity%3A+A+History+of+the+Soviet+and+Post-Soviet+Eras&rft.place=London+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1350-5&rft.aulast=Chubarov&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frussiasbitterpat0000chub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCh'i1992" class="citation book cs1">Ch'i, Hsi-Sheng (1992). "The Military Dimension, 1942–1945". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinasbittervict0000unse">In James C. Hsiung and Steven I. Levine, eds., China's Bitter Victory: War with Japan, 1937–45 (pp. 157–184)</a>. Armonk, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._E._Sharpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. E. Sharpe (page disna exeest)">M. E. Sharpe</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-246-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-246-5"><bdi>978-1-56324-246-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Military+Dimension%2C+1942%E2%80%931945&rft.btitle=In+James+C.+Hsiung+and+Steven+I.+Levine%2C+eds.%2C+China%27s+Bitter+Victory%3A+War+with+Japan%2C+1937%E2%80%9345+%28pp.+157%E2%80%93184%29&rft.place=Armonk%2C+NY&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-56324-246-5&rft.aulast=Ch%27i&rft.aufirst=Hsi-Sheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinasbittervict0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCienciala2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cienciala, Anna M. (2010). "Another look at the Poles and Poland during World War II". <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Polish_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Polish Review (page disna exeest)">The Polish Review</a>. 55 (1): 123–143. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/25779864">25779864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Polish+Review&rft.atitle=Another+look+at+the+Poles+and+Poland+during+World+War+II&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=123-143&rft.date=2010&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25779864&rft.aulast=Cienciala&rft.aufirst=Anna+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFClogg2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Clogg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Clogg (page disna exeest)">Clogg, Richard</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00clog_0">A Concise History of Greece</a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80872-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80872-9"><bdi>978-0-521-80872-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Greece&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80872-9&rft.aulast=Clogg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconcisehistoryof00clog_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCoble2003" class="citation book cs1">Coble, Parks M. (2003). Chinese Capitalists in Japan's New Order: The Occupied Lower Yangzi, 1937–1945. Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Press (page disna exeest)">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23268-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23268-6"><bdi>978-0-520-23268-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Capitalists+in+Japan%27s+New+Order%3A+The+Occupied+Lower+Yangzi%2C+1937%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Berkeley+%26+Los+Angeles%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23268-6&rft.aulast=Coble&rft.aufirst=Parks+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCollier2003" class="citation book cs1">Collier, Paul (2003). The Second World War (4): The Mediterranean 1940–1945. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-539-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-539-6"><bdi>978-1-84176-539-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War+%284%29%3A+The+Mediterranean+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-539-6&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCollierPedley2000" class="citation book cs1">Collier, Martin; Pedley, Philip (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germany1919450000coll">Germany 1919–45</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinemann_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinemann (publisher) (page disna exeest)">Heinemann</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-32721-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-435-32721-7"><bdi>978-0-435-32721-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+1919%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-435-32721-7&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Pedley%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgermany1919450000coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCommager2004" class="citation book cs1">Commager, Henry Steele (2004). The Story of the Second World War. Brassey's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-741-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-741-9"><bdi>978-1-57488-741-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.pub=Brassey%27s&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57488-741-9&rft.aulast=Commager&rft.aufirst=Henry+Steele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCoogan1993" class="citation journal cs1">Coogan, Anthony (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511015311/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000186948">"The Volunteer Armies of Northeast China"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_Today&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History Today (page disna exeest)">History Today</a>. 43. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000186948">the original</a> on 11 Mey 2012. Retrieved 6 Mey 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=The+Volunteer+Armies+of+Northeast+China&rft.volume=43&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FgoogleScholar.qst%3FdocId%3D5000186948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCookBewes1997" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Chris; Bewes, Diccon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whathappenedwher0000cook">What Happened Where: A Guide to Places and Events in Twentieth-Century History</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=UCL_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCL Press (page disna exeest)">UCL Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85728-532-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85728-532-1"><bdi>978-1-85728-532-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Happened+Where%3A+A+Guide+to+Places+and+Events+in+Twentieth-Century+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=UCL+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85728-532-1&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Bewes%2C+Diccon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhathappenedwher0000cook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCowleyParker2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Cowley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Cowley (page disna exeest)">Cowley, Robert</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Parker_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Parker (historian) (page disna exeest)">Parker, Geoffrey</a>, eds. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readerscompanion0000unse_x0k0">The Reader's Companion to Military History</a>. Boston, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Houghton_Mifflin_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houghton Mifflin Company (page disna exeest)">Houghton Mifflin Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-12742-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-12742-9"><bdi>978-0-618-12742-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reader%27s+Companion+to+Military+History&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-618-12742-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freaderscompanion0000unse_x0k0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFDarwin2007" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, John (2007). After Tamerlane: The Rise & Fall of Global Empires 1400–2000. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Books (page disna exeest)">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-101022-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-101022-9"><bdi>978-0-14-101022-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Tamerlane%3A+The+Rise+%26+Fall+of+Global+Empires+1400%E2%80%932000&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-14-101022-9&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1999" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Eugene (1999). The Death and Life of Germany: An Account of the American Occupation. University of Missouri Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8262-1249-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8262-1249-2"><bdi>0-8262-1249-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+and+Life+of+Germany%3A+An+Account+of+the+American+Occupation&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8262-1249-2&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFDavies2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Davies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Davies (page disna exeest)">Davies, Norman</a> (2006). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe_at_War_1939%E2%80%931945:_No_Simple_Victory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory (page disna exeest)">Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macmillan_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macmillan Publishers (page disna exeest)">Macmillan</a>. ix+544 pages. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333692851" title="Special:BookSources/9780333692851"><bdi>9780333692851</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (page disna exeest)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/70401618">70401618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+at+War+1939%E2%80%931945%3A+No+Simple+Victory&rft.place=London&rft.pages=ix%2B544+pages&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70401618&rft.isbn=9780333692851&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFDearFoot2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=I._C._B._Dear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I. C. B. Dear (page disna exeest)">Dear, I. C. B.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._R._D._Foot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. R. D. Foot (page disna exeest)">Foot, M. R. D.</a>, eds. (2001) [1995]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_y4p2">The Oxford Companion to World War II</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (page disna exeest)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860446-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860446-4"><bdi>978-0-19-860446-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860446-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont0000unse_y4p2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFDeLongEichengreen1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Bradford_DeLong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Bradford DeLong (page disna exeest)">DeLong, J. Bradford</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Eichengreen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Eichengreen (page disna exeest)">Eichengreen, Barry</a> (1993). "The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudi_Dornbusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudi Dornbusch (page disna exeest)">Rudiger Dornbusch</a>, Wilhelm Nölling and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Layard,_Baron_Layard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Layard, Baron Layard (page disna exeest)">Richard Layard</a>, eds., Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today (pp. 189–230). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIT_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIT Press (page disna exeest)">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04136-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04136-2"><bdi>978-0-262-04136-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Marshall+Plan%3A+History%27s+Most+Successful+Structural+Adjustment+Program&rft.btitle=In+Rudiger+Dornbusch%2C+Wilhelm+N%C3%B6lling+and+Richard+Layard%2C+eds.%2C+Postwar+Economic+Reconstruction+and+Lessons+for+the+East+Today+%28pp.+189%E2%80%93230%29&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-262-04136-2&rft.aulast=DeLong&rft.aufirst=J.+Bradford&rft.au=Eichengreen%2C+Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFDower1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Dower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Dower (page disna exeest)">Dower, John W.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warwithoutmercyr00dowe">War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantheon_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantheon Books (page disna exeest)">Pantheon Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50030-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-50030-0"><bdi>978-0-394-50030-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Without+Mercy%3A+Race+and+Power+in+the+Pacific+War&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-394-50030-0&rft.aulast=Dower&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarwithoutmercyr00dowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFDrea2003" class="citation book cs1">Drea, Edward J. (2003). In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. Lincoln, NE: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Nebraska_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Nebraska Press (page disna exeest)">University of Nebraska Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-6638-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-6638-4"><bdi>978-0-8032-6638-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Service+of+the+Emperor%3A+Essays+on+the+Imperial+Japanese+Army&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+NE&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-6638-4&rft.aulast=Drea&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFde_GraziaPaggi1991" class="citation journal cs1">de Grazia, Victoria; Paggi, Leonardo (Autumn 1991). "Story of an Ordinary Massacre: Civitella della Chiana, 29 June, 1944". Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature. 3 (2): 153–169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Flal.1991.3.2.02a00030">10.1525/lal.1991.3.2.02a00030</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/743479">743479</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cardozo+Studies+in+Law+and+Literature&rft.atitle=Story+of+an+Ordinary+Massacre%3A+Civitella+della+Chiana%2C+29+June%2C+1944&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-169&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Flal.1991.3.2.02a00030&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F743479&rft.aulast=de+Grazia&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Paggi%2C+Leonardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFDunn1998" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Dennis J. (1998). Caught Between Roosevelt & Stalin: America's Ambassadors to Moscow. Lexington, KY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Press_of_Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University Press of Kentucky (page disna exeest)">University Press of Kentucky</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2023-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2023-2"><bdi>978-0-8131-2023-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caught+Between+Roosevelt+%26+Stalin%3A+America%27s+Ambassadors+to+Moscow&rft.place=Lexington%2C+KY&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2023-2&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Dennis+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFEastman1986" class="citation book cs1">Eastman, Lloyd E. (1986). "Nationalist China during the Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_K._Fairbank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John K. Fairbank (page disna exeest)">John K. Fairbank</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_C._Twitchett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis C. Twitchett (page disna exeest)">Denis Twitchett</a>, eds., <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Cambridge_History_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Cambridge History of China (page disna exeest)">The Cambridge History of China, Volume 13: Republican China 1912–1949, Part 2</a>. Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24338-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24338-4"><bdi>978-0-521-24338-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nationalist+China+during+the+Sino-Japanese+War+1937%E2%80%931945&rft.btitle=In+John+K.+Fairbank+and+Denis+Twitchett%2C+eds.%2C+The+Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Volume+13%3A+Republican+China+1912%E2%80%931949%2C+Part+2&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24338-4&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Lloyd+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFEllman2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Ellman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Ellman (page disna exeest)">Ellman, Michael</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122071204/http://artukraine.com/old/famineart/SovietCrimes.pdf">"Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe-Asia_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe-Asia Studies (page disna exeest)">Europe-Asia Studies</a>. 54 (7): 1151–1172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0966813022000017177">10.1080/0966813022000017177</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/826310">826310</a>. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artukraine.com/old/famineart/SovietCrimes.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=Soviet+Repression+Statistics%3A+Some+Comments&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1151-1172&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0966813022000017177&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F826310&rft.aulast=Ellman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartukraine.com%2Fold%2Ffamineart%2FSovietCrimes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122071204/http://artukraine.com/old/famineart/SovietCrimes.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artukraine.com/old/famineart/SovietCrimes.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 November 2012. Retrieved 2 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartukraine.com%2Fold%2Ffamineart%2FSovietCrimes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115023408/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/81203576/Soviet-Repression-Statistics-Some-Comments">Copy</a></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFEllmanMaksudov1994" class="citation journal cs1">———; Maksudov, S. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/ELM-War_Deaths.pdf">"Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: A Note"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe-Asia_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe-Asia Studies (page disna exeest)">Europe-Asia Studies</a>. 46 (4): 671–680. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668139408412190">10.1080/09668139408412190</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/152934">152934</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (page disna exeest)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12288331">12288331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=Soviet+Deaths+in+the+Great+Patriotic+War%3A+A+Note&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=671-680&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12288331&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F152934&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668139408412190&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft.au=Maksudov%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsovietinfo.tripod.com%2FELM-War_Deaths.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFEmadi-Coffin2002" class="citation book cs1">Emadi-Coffin, Barbara (2002). Rethinking International Organization: Deregulation and Global Governance. London and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-19540-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-19540-9"><bdi>978-0-415-19540-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+International+Organization%3A+Deregulation+and+Global+Governance&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-19540-9&rft.aulast=Emadi-Coffin&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFErickson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Erickson_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Erickson (historian) (page disna exeest)">Erickson, John</a> (2001). "Moskalenko". In <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Шукман, Гарольд">Shukman, Harold</a> (ed.). Stalin's Generals. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson (page disna exeest)">Phoenix Press</a>. pp. 137–154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84212-513-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84212-513-7"><bdi>978-1-84212-513-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moskalenko&rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Generals&rft.place=London&rft.pages=137-154&rft.pub=Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84212-513-7&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFErickson2003" class="citation book cs1">——— (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roadtostalingrad0000eric_o8x6">The Road to Stalingrad</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cassell_Military_Paperbacks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cassell Military Paperbacks (page disna exeest)">Cassell Military</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-36541-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-36541-8"><bdi>978-0-304-36541-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Stalingrad&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell+Military&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-304-36541-8&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froadtostalingrad0000eric_o8x6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFEvansPeattie2012" class="citation book cs1">Evans, David C.; Peattie, Mark R. (2012) [1997]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kaigunstrategyta0000evan">Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy</a>. Annapolis, MD: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naval_Institute_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naval Institute Press (page disna exeest)">Naval Institute Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-244-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-244-7"><bdi>978-1-59114-244-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kaigun%3A+Strategy%2C+Tactics%2C+and+Technology+in+the+Imperial+Japanese+Navy&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+MD&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-244-7&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.au=Peattie%2C+Mark+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkaigunstrategyta0000evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFEvans2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_J._Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard J. Evans (page disna exeest)">Evans, Richard J.</a> (2008). <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Third_Reich_at_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Third Reich at War (page disna exeest)">The Third Reich at War</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Group (page disna exeest)">Allen Lane</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9742-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9742-2"><bdi>978-0-7139-9742-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+at+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7139-9742-2&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFFairbankGoldman2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_K._Fairbank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John K. Fairbank (page disna exeest)">Fairbank, John King</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merle_Goldman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merle Goldman (page disna exeest)">Goldman, Merle</a> (2006) [1994]. China: A New History (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard University Press (page disna exeest)">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01828-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01828-0"><bdi>978-0-674-01828-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+A+New+History&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01828-0&rft.aulast=Fairbank&rft.aufirst=John+King&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Merle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFFarrell1993" class="citation journal cs1">Farrell, Brian P. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-military-history_1993-10_57_4/page/599">"Yes, Prime Minister: Barbarossa, Whipcord, and the Basis of British Grand Strategy, Autumn 1941"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Military_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Military History (page disna exeest)">Journal of Military History</a>. 57 (4): 599–625. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2944096">10.2307/2944096</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2944096">2944096</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=Yes%2C+Prime+Minister%3A+Barbarossa%2C+Whipcord%2C+and+the+Basis+of+British+Grand+Strategy%2C+Autumn+1941&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=599-625&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2944096&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2944096&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Brian+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-military-history_1993-10_57_4%2Fpage%2F599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niall_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niall Ferguson (page disna exeest)">Ferguson, Niall</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warofworldtwenti00nial">The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West</a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311239-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311239-6"><bdi>978-0-14-311239-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+World%3A+Twentieth-Century+Conflict+and+the+Descent+of+the+West&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311239-6&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Niall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarofworldtwenti00nial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald2011" class="citation book cs1">Fitzgerald, Stephanie (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/childrenofholoca0000fitz">Children of the Holocaust</a>. Mankato, MN: Compass Point Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780756543907" title="Special:BookSources/9780756543907"><bdi>9780756543907</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Children+of+the+Holocaust&rft.place=Mankato%2C+MN&rft.pub=Compass+Point+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780756543907&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchildrenofholoca0000fitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFForrestEvansGibbons2012" class="citation book cs1">Forrest, Glen; Evans, Anthony; Gibbons, David (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historytimelines0000glen">The Illustrated Timeline of Military History</a>. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781448847945" title="Special:BookSources/9781448847945"><bdi>9781448847945</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Timeline+of+Military+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781448847945&rft.aulast=Forrest&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft.au=Evans%2C+Anthony&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorytimelines0000glen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFFörsterGessler2005" class="citation book cs1">Förster, Stig; Gessler, Myriam (2005). "The Ultimate Horror: Reflections on Total War and Genocide". In Roger Chickering, Stig Förster and Bernd Greiner, eds., A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945 (pp. 53–68). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83432-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83432-2"><bdi>978-0-521-83432-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ultimate+Horror%3A+Reflections+on+Total+War+and+Genocide&rft.btitle=In+Roger+Chickering%2C+Stig+F%C3%B6rster+and+Bernd+Greiner%2C+eds.%2C+A+World+at+Total+War%3A+Global+Conflict+and+the+Politics+of+Destruction%2C+1937%E2%80%931945+%28pp.+53%E2%80%9368%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83432-2&rft.aulast=F%C3%B6rster&rft.aufirst=Stig&rft.au=Gessler%2C+Myriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFFrei2002" class="citation book cs1">Frei, Norbert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adenauersgermany00frei">Adenauer's Germany and the Nazi Past: The Politics of Amnesty and Integration</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbia University Press (page disna exeest)">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11882-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11882-8"><bdi>978-0-231-11882-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adenauer%27s+Germany+and+the+Nazi+Past%3A+The+Politics+of+Amnesty+and+Integration&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11882-8&rft.aulast=Frei&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadenauersgermany00frei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGardinerBrown2004" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert; Brown, David K., eds. (2004). The Eclipse of the Big Gun: The Warship 1906–1945. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conway_Maritime_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conway Maritime Press (page disna exeest)">Conway Maritime Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-953-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-953-9"><bdi>978-0-85177-953-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eclipse+of+the+Big+Gun%3A+The+Warship+1906%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-85177-953-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGarthoff1969" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_L._Garthoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond L. Garthoff (page disna exeest)">Garthoff, Raymond L.</a> (1969). "The Soviet Manchurian Campaign, August 1945". Military Affairs. 33 (2): 312–336. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1983926">10.2307/1983926</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1983926">1983926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Manchurian+Campaign%2C+August+1945&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=312-336&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1983926&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1983926&rft.aulast=Garthoff&rft.aufirst=Raymond+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGarver1988" class="citation book cs1">Garver, John W. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinesesovietrel0000garv">Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937–1945: The Diplomacy of Chinese Nationalism</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (page disna exeest)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505432-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505432-3"><bdi>978-0-19-505432-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese-Soviet+Relations%2C+1937%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Diplomacy+of+Chinese+Nationalism&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505432-3&rft.aulast=Garver&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinesesovietrel0000garv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Gilbert (page disna exeest)">Gilbert, Martin</a> (2001). "Final Solution". In Dear, Ian; Foot, Richard D. (eds.). The Oxford Companion to World War II. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 285–292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280670-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280670-X"><bdi>0-19-280670-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Final+Solution&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+World+War+II&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=285-292&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-280670-X&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGlantz1986" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Glantz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Glantz (page disna exeest)">Glantz, David M.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306082607/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz2/glantz2.asp">"Soviet Defensive Tactics at Kursk, July 1943"</a>. CSI Report No. 11. Combined Arms Research Library. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (page disna exeest)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/278029256">278029256</a>. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz2/glantz2.asp">the original</a> on 6 Mairch 2008. Retrieved 15 Julie 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Soviet+Defensive+Tactics+at+Kursk%2C+July+1943&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F278029256&rft.aulast=Glantz&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-cgsc.army.mil%2Fcarl%2Fresources%2Fcsi%2Fglantz2%2Fglantz2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>); Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306082607/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz2/glantz2.asp">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz2/glantz2.asp">the original</a> on 6 Mairch 2008. Retrieved 2 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-cgsc.army.mil%2Fcarl%2Fresources%2Fcsi%2Fglantz2%2Fglantz2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGlantz1989" class="citation book cs1">——— (1989). Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War. Abingdon and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Cass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Cass (page disna exeest)">Frank Cass</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3347-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3347-3"><bdi>978-0-7146-3347-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Military+Deception+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Abingdon+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-3347-3&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGlantz1998" class="citation book cs1">——— (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0">When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler</a>. Lawrence, KS: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Press_of_Kansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University Press of Kansas (page disna exeest)">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0899-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0899-7"><bdi>978-0-7006-0899-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Titans+Clashed%3A+How+the+Red+Army+Stopped+Hitler&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-0899-7&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhentitansclashe00glan_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGlantz2001" class="citation web cs1">——— (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709141048/http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf">"The Soviet-German War 1941–45 Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay"</a> (PDF). Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 Julie 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Soviet-German+War+1941%E2%80%9345+Myths+and+Realities%3A+A+Survey+Essay&rft.date=2001&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strom.clemson.edu%2Fpublications%2Fsg-war41-45.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709141048/http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strom.clemson.edu/publications/sg-war41-45.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 Julie 2011. Retrieved 2 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strom.clemson.edu%2Fpublications%2Fsg-war41-45.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGlantz2002" class="citation book cs1">——— (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforleningr00glan">The Battle for Leningrad: 1941–1944</a>. Lawrence, KS: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Press_of_Kansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University Press of Kansas (page disna exeest)">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1208-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1208-6"><bdi>978-0-7006-1208-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Leningrad%3A+1941%E2%80%931944&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1208-6&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforleningr00glan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGlantz2005" class="citation journal cs1">——— (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302130751/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp">"August Storm: The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria"</a>. Leavenworth Papers. Combined Arms Research Library. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (page disna exeest)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/78918907">78918907</a>. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp">the original</a> on 2 Mairch 2008. Retrieved 15 Julie 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=August+Storm%3A+The+Soviet+Strategic+Offensive+in+Manchuria&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F78918907&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-cgsc.army.mil%2Fcarl%2Fresources%2Fcsi%2Fglantz3%2Fglantz3.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>); Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302130751/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp">the original</a> on 2 Mairch 2008. Retrieved 2 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-cgsc.army.mil%2Fcarl%2Fresources%2Fcsi%2Fglantz3%2Fglantz3.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2004" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Margaret J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldwariieurope0000gold">World War II: Europe</a>. Minneapolis: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lerner_Publishing_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lerner Publishing Group (page disna exeest)">Lerner Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-0139-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-0139-8"><bdi>978-0-8225-0139-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II%3A+Europe&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Lerner+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8225-0139-8&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Margaret+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldwariieurope0000gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGordon2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Gordon_(naval_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Gordon (naval historian) (page disna exeest)">Gordon, Andrew</a> (2004). "The greatest military armada ever launched". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ddaycompanion00jane">In Jane Penrose, ed., The D-Day Companion (pp. 127–144)</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-779-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-779-6"><bdi>978-1-84176-779-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+greatest+military+armada+ever+launched&rft.btitle=In+Jane+Penrose%2C+ed.%2C+The+D-Day+Companion+%28pp.+127%E2%80%93144%29&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-779-6&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fddaycompanion00jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGordon2012" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Robert S. C. (2012). The Holocaust in Italian Culture, 1944–2010. Stanford, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford University Press (page disna exeest)">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-6346-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-6346-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-6346-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust+in+Italian+Culture%2C+1944%E2%80%932010&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-6346-2&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFGrove1995" class="citation book cs1">Grove, Eric J. (1995). "A Service Vindicated, 1939–1946". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate0000unse_e1y4">In J. R. Hill, ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of the Royal Navy (pp. 348–380)</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (page disna exeest)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211675-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-211675-8"><bdi>978-0-19-211675-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Service+Vindicated%2C+1939%E2%80%931946&rft.btitle=In+J.+R.+Hill%2C+ed.%2C+The+Oxford+Illustrated+History+of+the+Royal+Navy+%28pp.+348%E2%80%93380%29&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-211675-8&rft.aulast=Grove&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordillustrate0000unse_e1y4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHane2001" class="citation book cs1">Hane, Mikiso (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernjapanhisto00hane_0">Modern Japan: A Historical Survey</a> (3rd ed.). Boulder, CO: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (page disna exeest)">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3756-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3756-2"><bdi>978-0-8133-3756-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Japan%3A+A+Historical+Survey&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3756-2&rft.aulast=Hane&rft.aufirst=Mikiso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernjapanhisto00hane_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHanhimäki1997" class="citation book cs1">Hanhimäki, Jussi M. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/containingcoexis0000hanh_d8n8">Containing Coexistence: America, Russia, and the "Finnish Solution"</a>. Kent, OH: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kent_State_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kent State University Press (page disna exeest)">Kent State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-558-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-558-9"><bdi>978-0-87338-558-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Containing+Coexistence%3A+America%2C+Russia%2C+and+the+%22Finnish+Solution%22&rft.place=Kent%2C+OH&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-558-9&rft.aulast=Hanhim%C3%A4ki&rft.aufirst=Jussi+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontainingcoexis0000hanh_d8n8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHarris2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheldon_H._Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheldon H. Harris (page disna exeest)">Harris, Sheldon H.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/factoriesofdeath0000harr_f9z0">Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932–1945, and the American Cover-up</a> (2nd ed.). London and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93214-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93214-1"><bdi>978-0-415-93214-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Factories+of+Death%3A+Japanese+Biological+Warfare%2C+1932%E2%80%931945%2C+and+the+American+Cover-up&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93214-1&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Sheldon+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffactoriesofdeath0000harr_f9z0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1998" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Mark (1998). "The economics of World War II: an overview". In Mark Harrison, ed., The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison (pp. 1–42). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-62046-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-62046-8"><bdi>978-0-521-62046-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+economics+of+World+War+II%3A+an+overview&rft.btitle=In+Mark+Harrison%2C+ed.%2C+The+Economics+of+World+War+II%3A+Six+Great+Powers+in+International+Comparison+%28pp.+1%E2%80%9342%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-62046-8&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHartHartHughes2000" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Stephen; Hart, Russell; Hughes, Matthew (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germansoldierinw0000hart">The German Soldier in World War II</a>. Osceola, WI: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MBI_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBI Publishing Company (page disna exeest)">MBI Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-073-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-073-2"><bdi>978-1-86227-073-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Soldier+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Osceola%2C+WI&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-86227-073-2&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Hart%2C+Russell&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgermansoldierinw0000hart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHauner1978" class="citation journal cs1">Hauner, Milan (1978). "Did Hitler Want a World Dominion?". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Contemporary_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Contemporary History (page disna exeest)">Journal of Contemporary History</a>. 13 (1): 15–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200947801300102">10.1177/002200947801300102</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/260090">260090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Did+Hitler+Want+a+World+Dominion%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15-32&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200947801300102&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F260090&rft.aulast=Hauner&rft.aufirst=Milan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHealy1992" class="citation book cs1">Healy, Mark (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kursk1943tidetur0000heal">Kursk 1943: The Tide Turns in the East</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-211-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-211-0"><bdi>978-1-85532-211-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kursk+1943%3A+The+Tide+Turns+in+the+East&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-211-0&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkursk1943tidetur0000heal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHearn2007" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Chester G. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carriersincombat0000hear">Carriers in Combat: The Air War at Sea</a>. Mechanicsburg, PA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stackpole_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stackpole Books (page disna exeest)">Stackpole Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3398-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3398-4"><bdi>978-0-8117-3398-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carriers+in+Combat%3A+The+Air+War+at+Sea&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-3398-4&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Chester+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarriersincombat0000hear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHedgepethSaidel2010" class="citation book cs1">Hedgepeth, Sonja; Saidel, Rochelle (2010). Sexual Violence against Jewish Women During the Holocaust. Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781584659044" title="Special:BookSources/9781584659044"><bdi>9781584659044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexual+Violence+against+Jewish+Women+During+the+Holocaust&rft.place=Lebanon%2C+NH&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781584659044&rft.aulast=Hedgepeth&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.au=Saidel%2C+Rochelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHempel2005" class="citation book cs1">Hempel, Andrew (2005). Poland in World War II: An Illustrated Military History. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hippocrene_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hippocrene Books (page disna exeest)">Hippocrene Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-1004-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-1004-3"><bdi>978-0-7818-1004-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland+in+World+War+II%3A+An+Illustrated+Military+History&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-1004-3&rft.aulast=Hempel&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHerbert1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulrich_Herbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulrich Herbert (page disna exeest)">Herbert, Ulrich</a> (1994). "Labor as spoils of conquest, 1933–1945". In David F. Crew, ed., Nazism and German Society, 1933–1945 (pp. 219–273). London and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08239-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08239-6"><bdi>978-0-415-08239-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Labor+as+spoils+of+conquest%2C+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.btitle=In+David+F.+Crew%2C+ed.%2C+Nazism+and+German+Society%2C+1933%E2%80%931945+%28pp.+219%E2%80%93273%29&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-415-08239-6&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHerf2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Herf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey Herf (page disna exeest)">Herf, Jeffrey</a> (2003). "The Nazi Extermination Camps and the Ally to the East. Could the Red Army and Air Force Have Stopped or Slowed the Final Solution?". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritika_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritika (journal) (page disna exeest)">Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History</a>. 4 (4): 913–930. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fkri.2003.0059">10.1353/kri.2003.0059</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kritika%3A+Explorations+in+Russian+and+Eurasian+History&rft.atitle=The+Nazi+Extermination+Camps+and+the+Ally+to+the+East.+Could+the+Red+Army+and+Air+Force+Have+Stopped+or+Slowed+the+Final+Solution%3F&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=913-930&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fkri.2003.0059&rft.aulast=Herf&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHill2005" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Alexander (2005). The War Behind The Eastern Front: The Soviet Partisan Movement In North-West Russia 1941–1944. London & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Cass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Cass (page disna exeest)">Frank Cass</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5711-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5711-0"><bdi>978-0-7146-5711-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+Behind+The+Eastern+Front%3A+The+Soviet+Partisan+Movement+In+North-West+Russia+1941%E2%80%931944&rft.place=London+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5711-0&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHolland2008" class="citation book cs1">Holland, James (2008). Italy's Sorrow: A Year of War 1944–45. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=HarperPress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HarperPress (page disna exeest)">HarperPress</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-717645-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-717645-8"><bdi>978-0-00-717645-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italy%27s+Sorrow%3A+A+Year+of+War+1944%E2%80%9345&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperPress&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-00-717645-8&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHosking2006" class="citation book cs1">Hosking, Geoffrey A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rulersvictimsrus00hosk">Rulers and Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard University Press (page disna exeest)">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02178-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02178-5"><bdi>978-0-674-02178-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rulers+and+Victims%3A+The+Russians+in+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02178-5&rft.aulast=Hosking&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frulersvictimsrus00hosk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHoward2004" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Joshua H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/workersatwarlabo0000howa">Workers at War: Labor in China's Arsenals, 1937–1953</a>. Stanford, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford University Press (page disna exeest)">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4896-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4896-4"><bdi>978-0-8047-4896-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Workers+at+War%3A+Labor+in+China%27s+Arsenals%2C+1937%E2%80%931953&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-4896-4&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Joshua+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworkersatwarlabo0000howa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHsuChang1971" class="citation book cs1">Hsu, Long-hsuen; Chang, Ming-kai (1971). History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) 2nd Ed. Chung Wu Publishers. ASIN B00005W210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+The+Sino-Japanese+War+%281937%E2%80%931945%29+2nd+Ed.&rft.pub=Chung+Wu+Publishers&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Long-hsuen&rft.au=Chang%2C+Ming-kai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFIngram2006" class="citation book cs1">Ingram, Norman (2006). "Pacifism". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Kritzman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Kritzman (page disna exeest)">Lawrence D. Kritzman</a> and Brian J. Reilly, eds., The Columbia History Of Twentieth-Century French Thought (pp. 76–78). New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbia University Press (page disna exeest)">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10791-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10791-4"><bdi>978-0-231-10791-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pacifism&rft.btitle=In+Lawrence+D.+Kritzman+and+Brian+J.+Reilly%2C+eds.%2C+The+Columbia+History+Of+Twentieth-Century+French+Thought+%28pp.+76%E2%80%9378%29&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10791-4&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFIriye1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akira_Iriye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akira Iriye (page disna exeest)">Iriye, Akira</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/powerculturejapa0000iriy">Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War, 1941–1945</a>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard University Press (page disna exeest)">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-69580-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-69580-1"><bdi>978-0-674-69580-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+and+Culture%3A+The+Japanese-American+War%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-674-69580-1&rft.aulast=Iriye&rft.aufirst=Akira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpowerculturejapa0000iriy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFJackson2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashley_Jackson_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashley Jackson (historian) (page disna exeest)">Jackson, Ashley</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishempiresec0000jack">The British Empire and the Second World War</a>. London & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hambledon_Continuum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hambledon Continuum (page disna exeest)">Hambledon Continuum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-417-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-417-1"><bdi>978-1-85285-417-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Empire+and+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=London+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Hambledon+Continuum&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85285-417-1&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritishempiresec0000jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFJoes2004" class="citation book cs1">Joes, Anthony James (2004). Resisting Rebellion: The History And Politics of Counterinsurgency. Lexington, KE: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Press_of_Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University Press of Kentucky (page disna exeest)">University Press of Kentucky</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2339-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2339-4"><bdi>978-0-8131-2339-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resisting+Rebellion%3A+The+History+And+Politics+of+Counterinsurgency&rft.place=Lexington%2C+KE&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2339-4&rft.aulast=Joes&rft.aufirst=Anthony+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFJowett2001" class="citation book cs1">Jowett, Philip S. (2001). The Italian Army 1940–45, Volume 2: Africa 1940–43. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-865-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-865-5"><bdi>978-1-85532-865-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Italian+Army+1940%E2%80%9345%2C+Volume+2%3A+Africa+1940%E2%80%9343&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-865-5&rft.aulast=Jowett&rft.aufirst=Philip+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFJowettAndrew2002" class="citation book cs1">———; Andrew, Stephen (2002). The Japanese Army, 1931–45. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-353-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-353-8"><bdi>978-1-84176-353-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Army%2C+1931%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-353-8&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft.au=Andrew%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFJukes2001" class="citation book cs1">Jukes, Geoffrey (2001). "Kuznetzov". In <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Шукман, Гарольд">Harold Shukman</a>, ed., Stalin's Generals (pp. 109–116). London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson (page disna exeest)">Phoenix Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84212-513-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84212-513-7"><bdi>978-1-84212-513-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kuznetzov&rft.btitle=In+Harold+Shukman%2C+ed.%2C+Stalin%27s+Generals+%28pp.+109%E2%80%93116%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84212-513-7&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKantowicz1999" class="citation book cs1">Kantowicz, Edward R. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rageofnations0000kant">The Rage of Nations</a>. Grand Rapids, MI: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company (page disna exeest)">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4455-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4455-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-4455-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rage+of+Nations&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4455-2&rft.aulast=Kantowicz&rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frageofnations0000kant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKantowicz2000" class="citation book cs1">——— (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comingapartcomin0000kant">Coming Apart, Coming Together</a>. Grand Rapids, MI: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company (page disna exeest)">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4456-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4456-9"><bdi>978-0-8028-4456-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coming+Apart%2C+Coming+Together&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4456-9&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomingapartcomin0000kant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKeeble1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtis_Keeble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtis Keeble (page disna exeest)">Keeble, Curtis</a> (1990). "The historical perspective". In Alex Pravda and Peter J. Duncan, eds., Soviet-British Relations Since the 1970s. Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37494-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37494-1"><bdi>978-0-521-37494-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+historical+perspective&rft.btitle=In+Alex+Pravda+and+Peter+J.+Duncan%2C+eds.%2C+Soviet-British+Relations+Since+the+1970s&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-37494-1&rft.aulast=Keeble&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKeegan1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Keegan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Keegan (page disna exeest)">Keegan, John</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secondworldwar0000keeg">The Second World War</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Random_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Random House (page disna exeest)">Pimlico</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7348-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7348-8"><bdi>978-0-7126-7348-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-7348-8&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecondworldwar0000keeg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_M._Kennedy_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David M. Kennedy (historian) (page disna exeest)">Kennedy, David M.</a> (2001). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_from_Fear:_The_American_People_in_Depression_and_War,_1929%E2%80%931945&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (page disna exeest)">Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514403-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514403-1"><bdi>978-0-19-514403-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom+from+Fear%3A+The+American+People+in+Depression+and+War%2C+1929%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514403-1&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKennedy-Pipe1995" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline (1995). Stalin's Cold War: Soviet Strategies in Europe, 1943–56. Manchester: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchester_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchester University Press (page disna exeest)">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4201-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4201-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-4201-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Cold+War%3A+Soviet+Strategies+in+Europe%2C+1943%E2%80%9356&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4201-0&rft.aulast=Kennedy-Pipe&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKershaw2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Kershaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Kershaw (page disna exeest)">Kershaw, Ian</a> (2001). Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._W._Norton_%26_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. W. Norton & Company (page disna exeest)">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04994-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04994-7"><bdi>978-0-393-04994-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%2C+1936%E2%80%931945%3A+Nemesis&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04994-7&rft.aulast=Kershaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKershaw2007" class="citation book cs1">——— (2007). Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions That Changed the World, 1940–1941. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Books (page disna exeest)">Allen Lane</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9712-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9712-5"><bdi>978-0-7139-9712-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fateful+Choices%3A+Ten+Decisions+That+Changed+the+World%2C+1940%E2%80%931941&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7139-9712-5&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKitson2001" class="citation book cs1">Kitson, Alison (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germany18581990h0000kits">Germany 1858–1990: Hope, Terror, and Revival</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (page disna exeest)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-913417-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-913417-5"><bdi>978-0-19-913417-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+1858%E2%80%931990%3A+Hope%2C+Terror%2C+and+Revival&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-913417-5&rft.aulast=Kitson&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgermany18581990h0000kits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKlavansDi_BenedettoPrudom1997" class="citation journal cs1">Klavans, Richard A.; Di Benedetto, C. Anthony; Prudom, Melanie J. (1997). "Understanding Competitive Interactions: The U.S. Commercial Aircraft Market". Journal of Managerial Issues. 9 (1): 13–361. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/40604127">40604127</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Managerial+Issues&rft.atitle=Understanding+Competitive+Interactions%3A+The+U.S.+Commercial+Aircraft+Market&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-361&rft.date=1997&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40604127&rft.aulast=Klavans&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft.au=Di+Benedetto%2C+C.+Anthony&rft.au=Prudom%2C+Melanie+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKleinfeld1983" class="citation journal cs1">Kleinfeld, Gerald R. (1983). "Hitler's Strike for Tikhvin". Military Affairs. 47 (3): 122–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1988082">10.2307/1988082</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1988082">1988082</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Affairs&rft.atitle=Hitler%27s+Strike+for+Tikhvin&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=122-128&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1988082&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1988082&rft.aulast=Kleinfeld&rft.aufirst=Gerald+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKoch1983" class="citation journal cs1">Koch, H. W. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_historical-journal_1983-12_26_4/page/891">"Hitler's 'Programme' and the Genesis of Operation 'Barbarossa'"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Historical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Historical Journal (page disna exeest)">The Historical Journal</a>. 26 (4): 891–920. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2639289">2639289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Hitler%27s+%27Programme%27+and+the+Genesis+of+Operation+%27Barbarossa%27&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=891-920&rft.date=1983&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2639289&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=H.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_historical-journal_1983-12_26_4%2Fpage%2F891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFKolko1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Kolko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Kolko (page disna exeest)">Kolko, Gabriel</a> (1990) [1968]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofwarwor00kolkrich">The Politics of War: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1943–1945</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Random_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Random House (page disna exeest)">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-72757-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-72757-6"><bdi>978-0-679-72757-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+War%3A+The+World+and+United+States+Foreign+Policy%2C+1943%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-679-72757-6&rft.aulast=Kolko&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsofwarwor00kolkrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLaurier2001" class="citation book cs1">Laurier, Jim (2001). Tobruk 1941: Rommel's Opening Move. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-092-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-092-6"><bdi>978-1-84176-092-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tobruk+1941%3A+Rommel%27s+Opening+Move&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-092-6&rft.aulast=Laurier&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLee2002" class="citation book cs1">Lee, En-han (2002). "The Nanking Massacre Reassessed: A Study of the Sino-Japanese Controversy over the Factual Number of Massacred Victims". In Robert Sabella, Fei Fei Li and David Liu, eds., Nanking 1937: Memory and Healing (pp. 47–74). Armonk, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._E._Sharpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. E. Sharpe (page disna exeest)">M. E. Sharpe</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0816-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0816-1"><bdi>978-0-7656-0816-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Nanking+Massacre+Reassessed%3A+A+Study+of+the+Sino-Japanese+Controversy+over+the+Factual+Number+of+Massacred+Victims&rft.btitle=In+Robert+Sabella%2C+Fei+Fei+Li+and+David+Liu%2C+eds.%2C+Nanking+1937%3A+Memory+and+Healing+%28pp.+47%E2%80%9374%29&rft.place=Armonk%2C+NY&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0816-1&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=En-han&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLefflerWestad2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvyn_P._Leffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvyn P. Leffler (page disna exeest)">Leffler, Melvyn P.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odd_Arne_Westad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odd Arne Westad (page disna exeest)">Westad, Odd Arne</a>, eds. (2010). The Cambridge History of the Cold War (3 volumes). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83938-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83938-9"><bdi>978-0-521-83938-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Cold+War+%283+volumes%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83938-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLevine1992" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Alan J. (1992). The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945. Westport, CT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeger_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praeger Publishers (page disna exeest)">Praeger</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94319-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94319-6"><bdi>978-0-275-94319-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strategic+Bombing+of+Germany%2C+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-275-94319-6&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLewis1953" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Morton (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108061554/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_Contents.htm">"Japanese Plans and American Defenses"</a>. In Greenfield, Kent Roberts (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_Contents.htm">The Fall of the Philippines</a>. Washington, DC: <a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Government_Printing_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Government Printing Office (page disna exeest)">US Government Printing Office</a>. Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 53-63678. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/5-2/5-2_29.htm">the original</a> on 8 Januar 2012. Retrieved 2 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese+Plans+and+American+Defenses&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+the+Philippines&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Morton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fwwii%2F5-2%2F5-2_29.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLiberman1996" class="citation book cs1">Liberman, Peter (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/doesconquestpaye0000libe">Does Conquest Pay?: The Exploitation of Occupied Industrial Societies</a>. Princeton, NJ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton University Press (page disna exeest)">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-02986-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-02986-3"><bdi>978-0-691-02986-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Does+Conquest+Pay%3F%3A+The+Exploitation+of+Occupied+Industrial+Societies&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-691-02986-3&rft.aulast=Liberman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdoesconquestpaye0000libe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLiddell_Hart1977" class="citation book cs1">Liddell Hart, Basil (1977). History of the Second World War (4th ed.). London: Pan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780330237703" title="Special:BookSources/9780330237703"><bdi>9780330237703</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pan&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780330237703&rft.aulast=Liddell+Hart&rft.aufirst=Basil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLightbody2004" class="citation book cs1">Lightbody, Bradley (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secondworldwaram0000ligh">The Second World War: Ambitions to Nemesis</a>. London & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22404-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22404-8"><bdi>978-0-415-22404-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War%3A+Ambitions+to+Nemesis&rft.place=London+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-22404-8&rft.aulast=Lightbody&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecondworldwaram0000ligh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLindbergTodd2001" class="citation book cs1">Lindberg, Michael; Todd, Daniel (2001). Brown-, Green- and Blue-Water Fleets: the Influence of Geography on Naval Warfare, 1861 to the Present. Westport, CT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeger_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praeger Publishers (page disna exeest)">Praeger</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96486-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96486-3"><bdi>978-0-275-96486-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brown-%2C+Green-+and+Blue-Water+Fleets%3A+the+Influence+of+Geography+on+Naval+Warfare%2C+1861+to+the+Present&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96486-3&rft.aulast=Lindberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Todd%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLoweMarzari2002" class="citation book cs1">Lowe, C. J.; Marzari, F. (2002). Italian Foreign Policy 1870–1940. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26681-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26681-9"><bdi>978-0-415-26681-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Foreign+Policy+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26681-9&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft.au=Marzari%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFLynch2010" class="citation book cs1">Lynch, Michael (2010). The Chinese Civil War 1945–49. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-671-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-671-3"><bdi>978-1-84176-671-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Civil+War+1945%E2%80%9349&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-671-3&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMacksey1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Macksey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Macksey (page disna exeest)">Macksey, Kenneth</a> (1997) [1979]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rommelbattlescam0000mack_f2s1">Rommel: Battles and Campaigns</a>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Capo_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Capo Press (page disna exeest)">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80786-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80786-2"><bdi>978-0-306-80786-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rommel%3A+Battles+and+Campaigns&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80786-2&rft.aulast=Macksey&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frommelbattlescam0000mack_f2s1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMaddox1992" class="citation book cs1">Maddox, Robert James (1992). The United States and World War II. Boulder, CO: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (page disna exeest)">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-0437-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-0437-3"><bdi>978-0-8133-0437-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+World+War+II&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-0437-3&rft.aulast=Maddox&rft.aufirst=Robert+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMaingot1994" class="citation book cs1">Maingot, Anthony P. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescari0000main_s1y8">The United States and the Caribbean: Challenges of an Asymmetrical Relationship</a>. Boulder, CO: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (page disna exeest)">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-2241-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-2241-4"><bdi>978-0-8133-2241-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+the+Caribbean%3A+Challenges+of+an+Asymmetrical+Relationship&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-2241-4&rft.aulast=Maingot&rft.aufirst=Anthony+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funitedstatescari0000main_s1y8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMandelbaum1988" class="citation book cs1">Mandelbaum, Michael (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521357906">The Fate of Nations: The Search for National Security in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521357906/page/96">96</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-35790-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-35790-X"><bdi>0-521-35790-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fate+of+Nations%3A+The+Search+for+National+Security+in+the+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-521-35790-X&rft.aulast=Mandelbaum&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780521357906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMarston2005" class="citation book cs1">Marston, Daniel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pacificwarcompan0000mars">The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-882-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-882-3"><bdi>978-1-84176-882-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+War+Companion%3A+From+Pearl+Harbor+to+Hiroshima&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-882-3&rft.aulast=Marston&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpacificwarcompan0000mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMasaya1990" class="citation book cs1">Masaya, Shiraishi (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japaneserelation0000shir">Japanese Relations with Vietnam, 1951–1987</a>. Ithaca, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornell_Southeast_Asia_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornell Southeast Asia Program (page disna exeest)">SEAP Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87727-122-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87727-122-2"><bdi>978-0-87727-122-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Relations+with+Vietnam%2C+1951%E2%80%931987&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=SEAP+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87727-122-2&rft.aulast=Masaya&rft.aufirst=Shiraishi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapaneserelation0000shir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMay1955" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_May_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest May (historian) (page disna exeest)">May, Ernest R.</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_pacific-historical-review_1955-05_24_2/page/153">"The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Far Eastern War, 1941–1945"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Historical_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacific Historical Review (page disna exeest)">Pacific Historical Review</a>. 24 (2): 153–174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3634575">10.2307/3634575</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3634575">3634575</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+United+States%2C+the+Soviet+Union%2C+and+the+Far+Eastern+War%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-174&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3634575&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3634575&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Ernest+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_pacific-historical-review_1955-05_24_2%2Fpage%2F153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMazower2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Mazower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Mazower (page disna exeest)">Mazower, Mark</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlersempirehow0000mazo">Hitler's Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Group (page disna exeest)">Allen Lane</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-188-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-188-2"><bdi>978-1-59420-188-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Empire%3A+Nazi+Rule+in+Occupied+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-188-2&rft.aulast=Mazower&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitlersempirehow0000mazo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMilner1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Milner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Milner (page disna exeest)">Milner, Marc</a> (1990). "The Battle of the Atlantic". In John Gooch, ed., Decisive Campaigns of the Second World War (pp. 45–66). Abingdon: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Cass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Cass (page disna exeest)">Frank Cass</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3369-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3369-5"><bdi>978-0-7146-3369-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+the+Atlantic&rft.btitle=In+John+Gooch%2C+ed.%2C+Decisive+Campaigns+of+the+Second+World+War+%28pp.+45%E2%80%9366%29&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-3369-5&rft.aulast=Milner&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMilward1964" class="citation journal cs1">Milward, A. S. (1964). "The End of the Blitzkrieg". <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Economic_History_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Economic History Review (page disna exeest)">The Economic History Review</a>. 16 (3): 499–518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2592851">10.2307/2592851</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2592851">2592851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+History+Review&rft.atitle=The+End+of+the+Blitzkrieg&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=499-518&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2592851&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2592851&rft.aulast=Milward&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMilward1992" class="citation book cs1">——— (1992) [1977]. War, Economy, and Society, 1939–1945. Berkeley, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California (page disna exeest)">University of California</a> Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03942-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03942-1"><bdi>978-0-520-03942-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War%2C+Economy%2C+and+Society%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-520-03942-1&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMinford1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Minford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Minford (page disna exeest)">Minford, Patrick</a> (1993). "Reconstruction and the UK Postwar Welfare State: False Start and New Beginning". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudi_Dornbusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudi Dornbusch (page disna exeest)">Rudiger Dornbusch</a>, Wilhelm Nölling and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Layard,_Baron_Layard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Layard, Baron Layard (page disna exeest)">Richard Layard</a>, eds., Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today (pp. 115–138). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIT_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIT Press (page disna exeest)">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04136-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04136-2"><bdi>978-0-262-04136-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reconstruction+and+the+UK+Postwar+Welfare+State%3A+False+Start+and+New+Beginning&rft.btitle=In+Rudiger+Dornbusch%2C+Wilhelm+N%C3%B6lling+and+Richard+Layard%2C+eds.%2C+Postwar+Economic+Reconstruction+and+Lessons+for+the+East+Today+%28pp.+115%E2%80%93138%29&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-262-04136-2&rft.aulast=Minford&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMingstKarns2007" class="citation book cs1">Mingst, Karen A.; Karns, Margaret P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitednationsin20000ming">United Nations in the Twenty-First Century</a> (3rd ed.). Boulder, CO: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (page disna exeest)">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4346-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4346-4"><bdi>978-0-8133-4346-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+Nations+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4346-4&rft.aulast=Mingst&rft.aufirst=Karen+A.&rft.au=Karns%2C+Margaret+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funitednationsin20000ming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMiscamble2007" class="citation book cs1">Miscamble, Wilson D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromroosevelttot0000misc">From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86244-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86244-8"><bdi>978-0-521-86244-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Roosevelt+to+Truman%3A+Potsdam%2C+Hiroshima%2C+and+the+Cold+War&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86244-8&rft.aulast=Miscamble&rft.aufirst=Wilson+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromroosevelttot0000misc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMitcham2007" class="citation book cs1">Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007) [1982]. Rommel's Desert War: The Life and Death of the Afrika Korps. Mechanicsburg, PA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stackpole_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stackpole Books (page disna exeest)">Stackpole Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3413-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-3413-4"><bdi>978-0-8117-3413-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rommel%27s+Desert+War%3A+The+Life+and+Death+of+the+Afrika+Korps&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8117-3413-4&rft.aulast=Mitcham&rft.aufirst=Samuel+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMitter2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Mitter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rana Mitter (page disna exeest)">Mitter, Rana</a> (2014). Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937–1945. Mariner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0544334502" title="Special:BookSources/978-0544334502"><bdi>978-0544334502</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Ally%3A+China%27s+World+War+II%2C+1937%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Mariner+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0544334502&rft.aulast=Mitter&rft.aufirst=Rana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMolinari2007" class="citation book cs1">Molinari, Andrea (2007). Desert Raiders: Axis and Allied Special Forces 1940–43. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-006-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-006-2"><bdi>978-1-84603-006-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desert+Raiders%3A+Axis+and+Allied+Special+Forces+1940%E2%80%9343&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-006-2&rft.aulast=Molinari&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMorison2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Eliot_Morison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Eliot Morison (page disna exeest)">Morison, Samuel Eliot</a> (2002). <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_United_States_Naval_Operations_in_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of United States Naval Operations in World War II (page disna exeest)">History of United States Naval Operations in World War II</a>, Volume 14: Victory in the Pacific, 1945. Champaign, IL: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Illinois_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Illinois Press (page disna exeest)">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07065-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07065-5"><bdi>978-0-252-07065-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+United+States+Naval+Operations+in+World+War+II%2C+Volume+14%3A+Victory+in+the+Pacific%2C+1945&rft.place=Champaign%2C+IL&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07065-5&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMurray1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamson_Murray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Williamson Murray (page disna exeest)">Murray, Williamson</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/">Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe, 1933–1945</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxwell_Air_Force_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxwell Air Force Base (page disna exeest)">Maxwell Air Force Base</a>, AL: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air University Press (page disna exeest)">Air University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4294-9235-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4294-9235-5"><bdi>978-1-4294-9235-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategy+for+Defeat%3A+The+Luftwaffe%2C+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Maxwell+Air+Force+Base%2C+AL&rft.pub=Air+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-1-4294-9235-5&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Williamson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FAAF-Luftwaffe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMurrayMillett2001" class="citation book cs1">———; Millett, Allan Reed (2001). A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard University Press (page disna exeest)">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00680-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00680-5"><bdi>978-0-674-00680-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+War+to+Be+Won%3A+Fighting+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00680-5&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft.au=Millett%2C+Allan+Reed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFMyersPeattie1987" class="citation book cs1">Myers, Ramon; Peattie, Mark (1987). The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945. Princeton, NJ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton University Press (page disna exeest)">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-10222-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-10222-1"><bdi>978-0-691-10222-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Colonial+Empire%2C+1895%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-691-10222-1&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Ramon&rft.au=Peattie%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFNaimark2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Naimark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Naimark (page disna exeest)">Naimark, Norman</a> (2010). "The Sovietization of Eastern Europe, 1944–1953". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvyn_P._Leffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvyn P. Leffler (page disna exeest)">Melvyn P. Leffler</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odd_Arne_Westad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odd Arne Westad (page disna exeest)">Odd Arne Westad</a>, eds., The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Volume I: Origins (pp. 175–197). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83719-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83719-4"><bdi>978-0-521-83719-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sovietization+of+Eastern+Europe%2C+1944%E2%80%931953&rft.btitle=In+Melvyn+P.+Leffler+and+Odd+Arne+Westad%2C+eds.%2C+The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Cold+War%2C+Volume+I%3A+Origins+%28pp.+175%E2%80%93197%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83719-4&rft.aulast=Naimark&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFNeary1992" class="citation book cs1">Neary, Ian (1992). "Japan". In Martin Harrop, ed., Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies (pp. 49–70). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34579-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34579-8"><bdi>978-0-521-34579-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japan&rft.btitle=In+Martin+Harrop%2C+ed.%2C+Power+and+Policy+in+Liberal+Democracies+%28pp.+49%E2%80%9370%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-34579-8&rft.aulast=Neary&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFNeillands2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_Neillands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin Neillands (page disna exeest)">Neillands, Robin</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diepperaidstoryo00robi">The Dieppe Raid: The Story of the Disastrous 1942 Expedition</a>. Bloomington, IN: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiana University Press (page disna exeest)">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34781-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34781-7"><bdi>978-0-253-34781-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dieppe+Raid%3A+The+Story+of+the+Disastrous+1942+Expedition&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34781-7&rft.aulast=Neillands&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiepperaidstoryo00robi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFNewton2004" class="citation book cs1">Newton, Steven H. (2004). Retreat from Leningrad: Army Group North, 1944/1945. Atglen, PA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiffer_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiffer Publishing (page disna exeest)">Schiffer Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-806-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88740-806-9"><bdi>978-0-88740-806-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Retreat+from+Leningrad%3A+Army+Group+North%2C+1944%2F1945&rft.place=Atglen%2C+PA&rft.pub=Schiffer+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-88740-806-9&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Steven+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFNiewykNicosia2000" class="citation book cs1">Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew">The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Columbia University Press (page disna exeest)">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11200-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11200-0"><bdi>978-0-231-11200-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Guide+to+the+Holocaust&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11200-0&rft.aulast=Niewyk&rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&rft.au=Nicosia%2C+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbiaguidetot00niew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFOvery1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Overy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Overy (page disna exeest)">Overy, Richard</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wareconomyinthir00over">War and Economy in the Third Reich</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarendon_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarendon Press (page disna exeest)">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820290-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820290-5"><bdi>978-0-19-820290-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Economy+in+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-19-820290-5&rft.aulast=Overy&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwareconomyinthir00over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFOvery1995" class="citation book cs1">——— (1995). Why the Allies Won. London: Pimlico. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-712-67453-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-712-67453-9"><bdi>978-0-712-67453-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+the+Allies+Won&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-712-67453-9&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFOvery2004" class="citation book cs1">——— (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictators00rich">The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._W._Norton_%26_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. W. Norton & Company (page disna exeest)">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02030-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02030-4"><bdi>978-0-393-02030-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictators%3A+Hitler%27s+Germany%2C+Stalin%27s+Russia&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-393-02030-4&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictators00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFOveryWheatcroft1999" class="citation book cs1">———; Wheatcroft, Andrew (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roadtowar00over">The Road to War</a> (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Books (page disna exeest)">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-028530-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-028530-7"><bdi>978-0-14-028530-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+War&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-14-028530-7&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft.au=Wheatcroft%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froadtowar00over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly2001" class="citation book cs1">O'Reilly, Charles T. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forgottenbattles0000orei">Forgotten Battles: Italy's War of Liberation, 1943–1945</a>. Lanham, MD: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexington_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexington Books (page disna exeest)">Lexington Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0195-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0195-7"><bdi>978-0-7391-0195-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Battles%3A+Italy%27s+War+of+Liberation%2C+1943%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0195-7&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Charles+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforgottenbattles0000orei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPainter2012" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_S._Painter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David S. Painter (page disna exeest)">Painter, David S.</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jah.oxfordjournals.org/content/99/1/24.full.pdf">"Oil and the American Century"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Journal_of_American_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Journal of American History (page disna exeest)">The Journal of American History</a>. 99 (1): 24–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjahist%2Fjas073">10.1093/jahist/jas073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+History&rft.atitle=Oil+and+the+American+Century&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-39&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjahist%2Fjas073&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjah.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F99%2F1%2F24.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPadfield1998" class="citation book cs1">Padfield, Peter (1998). War Beneath the Sea: Submarine Conflict During World War II. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley & Sons (page disna exeest)">John Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-24945-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-24945-0"><bdi>978-0-471-24945-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Beneath+the+Sea%3A+Submarine+Conflict+During+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=John+Wiley&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-471-24945-0&rft.aulast=Padfield&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPape1993" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Pape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Pape (page disna exeest)">Pape, Robert A.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-security_fall-1993_18_2/page/154">"Why Japan Surrendered"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Security (page disna exeest)">International Security</a>. 18 (2): 154–201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2539100">10.2307/2539100</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2539100">2539100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Why+Japan+Surrendered&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=154-201&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539100&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2539100&rft.aulast=Pape&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-security_fall-1993_18_2%2Fpage%2F154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFParker2004" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Danny S. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleofbulgehit0000park">Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Ardennes Offensive, 1944–1945</a> (New ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Capo_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Capo Press (page disna exeest)">Da Capo Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81391-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81391-7"><bdi>978-0-306-81391-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+of+the+Bulge%3A+Hitler%27s+Ardennes+Offensive%2C+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81391-7&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Danny+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleofbulgehit0000park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPayne2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_G._Payne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley G. Payne (page disna exeest)">Payne, Stanley G.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/francohitlerspai0000payn">Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World War II</a>. New Haven, CT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yale_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yale University Press (page disna exeest)">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12282-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12282-4"><bdi>978-0-300-12282-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franco+and+Hitler%3A+Spain%2C+Germany%2C+and+World+War+II&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12282-4&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrancohitlerspai0000payn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPerez1998" class="citation book cs1">Perez, Louis G. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00pere">The History of Japan</a>. Westport, CT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwood_Publishing_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenwood Publishing Group (page disna exeest)">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30296-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30296-1"><bdi>978-0-313-30296-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Japan&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30296-1&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Louis+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan00pere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPetrov1967" class="citation book cs1">Petrov, Vladimir (1967). Money and Conquest: Allied Occupation Currencies in World War II. Baltimore, MD: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johns Hopkins University Press (page disna exeest)">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-0530-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-0530-1"><bdi>978-0-8018-0530-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Money+and+Conquest%3A+Allied+Occupation+Currencies+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-0530-1&rft.aulast=Petrov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPolley2000" class="citation book cs1">Polley, Martin (2000). An A–Z of Modern Europe Since 1789. London and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18597-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18597-4"><bdi>978-0-415-18597-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+A%E2%80%93Z+of+Modern+Europe+Since+1789&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18597-4&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPortelli2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Portelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Portelli (page disna exeest)">Portelli, Alessandro</a> (2003). The Order Has Been Carried Out: History, Memory, and Meaning of a Nazi Massacre in Rome. Basingstoke & New York, NY<a href="/w/index.php?title=Palgrave_Macmillan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palgrave Macmillan (page disna exeest)">Palgrave Macmillan</a>978-1403980083.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Order+Has+Been+Carried+Out%3A+History%2C+Memory%2C+and+Meaning+of+a+Nazi+Massacre+in+Rome&rft.place=Basingstoke+%26+New+York%2C+NYPalgrave+Macmillan978-1403980083&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Portelli&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>) CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPreston1998" class="citation book cs1">Preston, P. W. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pacificasiainglo0000pres">Pacific Asia in the Global System: An Introduction</a>. Oxford & Malden, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley-Blackwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley-Blackwell (page disna exeest)">Blackwell Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20238-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20238-7"><bdi>978-0-631-20238-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacific+Asia+in+the+Global+System%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford+%26+Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20238-7&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=P.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpacificasiainglo0000pres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPrins2002" class="citation book cs1">Prins, Gwyn (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heartofwaronpowe0000gwyn">The Heart of War: On Power, Conflict and Obligation in the Twenty-First Century</a>. London & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36960-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36960-2"><bdi>978-0-415-36960-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heart+of+War%3A+On+Power%2C+Conflict+and+Obligation+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.place=London+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-36960-2&rft.aulast=Prins&rft.aufirst=Gwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheartofwaronpowe0000gwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRadtke1997" class="citation book cs1">Radtke, K. W. (1997). "'Strategic' concepts underlying the so-called Hirota foreign policy, 1933–7". In Aiko Ikeo, ed., Economic Development in Twentieth Century East Asia: The International Context (pp. 100–120). London and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14900-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14900-6"><bdi>978-0-415-14900-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Strategic%27+concepts+underlying+the+so-called+Hirota+foreign+policy%2C+1933%E2%80%937&rft.btitle=In+Aiko+Ikeo%2C+ed.%2C+Economic+Development+in+Twentieth+Century+East+Asia%3A+The+International+Context+%28pp.+100%E2%80%93120%29&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14900-6&rft.aulast=Radtke&rft.aufirst=K.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRahn2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Rahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Rahn (page disna exeest)">Rahn, Werner</a> (2001). "The War in the Pacific". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Boog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Boog (page disna exeest)">Horst Boog</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Rahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Rahn (page disna exeest)">Werner Rahn</a>, Reinhard Stumpf and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernd_Wegner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernd Wegner (page disna exeest)">Bernd Wegner</a>, eds., Germany and the Second World War, Volume VI: The Global War (pp. 191–298). Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarendon_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarendon Press (page disna exeest)">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822888-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822888-2"><bdi>978-0-19-822888-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+War+in+the+Pacific&rft.btitle=In+Horst+Boog%2C+Werner+Rahn%2C+Reinhard+Stumpf+and+Bernd+Wegner%2C+eds.%2C+Germany+and+the+Second+World+War%2C+Volume+VI%3A+The+Global+War+%28pp.+191%E2%80%93298%29&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822888-2&rft.aulast=Rahn&rft.aufirst=Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRatcliff2006" class="citation book cs1">Ratcliff, R. A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/delusionsofintel0000ratc">Delusions of Intelligence: Enigma, Ultra, and the End of Secure Ciphers</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85522-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85522-8"><bdi>978-0-521-85522-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delusions+of+Intelligence%3A+Enigma%2C+Ultra%2C+and+the+End+of+Secure+Ciphers&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85522-8&rft.aulast=Ratcliff&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdelusionsofintel0000ratc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRead2004" class="citation book cs1">Read, Anthony (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/devilsdisciplesh00read">The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._W._Norton_%26_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. W. Norton & Company (page disna exeest)">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04800-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04800-1"><bdi>978-0-393-04800-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Devil%27s+Disciples%3A+Hitler%27s+Inner+Circle&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04800-1&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdevilsdisciplesh00read&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFReadFisher2002" class="citation book cs1">Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (2002) [1992]. The Fall Of Berlin. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimlico_(publishing_imprint)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pimlico (publishing imprint) (page disna exeest)">Pimlico</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-0695-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-0695-0"><bdi>978-0-7126-0695-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+Of+Berlin&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-0695-0&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Fisher%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRecord2005" class="citation book cs1">Record, Jeffery (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411104102/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf">Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating the Mythology of the 1930s</a> (PDF). DIANE Publishing. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58487-216-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-58487-216-0"><bdi>1-58487-216-0</bdi></a>. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB622.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 Apryle 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appeasement+Reconsidered%3A+Investigating+the+Mythology+of+the+1930s&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-58487-216-0&rft.aulast=Record&rft.aufirst=Jeffery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil%2Fpdffiles%2FPUB622.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRees2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Rees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurence Rees (page disna exeest)">Rees, Laurence</a> (2008). World War II Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC Books (page disna exeest)">BBC Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-563-49335-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-563-49335-8"><bdi>978-0-563-49335-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Behind+Closed+Doors%3A+Stalin%2C+the+Nazis+and+the+West&rft.place=London&rft.pub=BBC+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-563-49335-8&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRegan2004" class="citation book cs1">Regan, Geoffrey (2004). The Brassey's Book of Military Blunders. Brassey's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-252-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-252-0"><bdi>978-1-57488-252-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brassey%27s+Book+of+Military+Blunders&rft.pub=Brassey%27s&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57488-252-0&rft.aulast=Regan&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFReinhardt1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Reinhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Reinhardt (page disna exeest)">Reinhardt, Klaus</a> (1992). Moscow – The Turning Point: The Failure of Hitler's Strategy in the Winter of 1941–42. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berg_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berg Publishers (page disna exeest)">Berg</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85496-695-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85496-695-0"><bdi>978-0-85496-695-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moscow+%E2%80%93+The+Turning+Point%3A+The+Failure+of+Hitler%27s+Strategy+in+the+Winter+of+1941%E2%80%9342&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-85496-695-0&rft.aulast=Reinhardt&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Reynolds_(English_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Reynolds (English historian) (page disna exeest)">Reynolds, David</a> (2006). From World War to Cold War: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the International History of the 1940s. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (page disna exeest)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928411-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928411-5"><bdi>978-0-19-928411-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+World+War+to+Cold+War%3A+Churchill%2C+Roosevelt%2C+and+the+International+History+of+the+1940s&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-928411-5&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRich1992" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Norman (1992) [1973]. Hitler's War Aims, Volume I: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._W._Norton_%26_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. W. Norton & Company (page disna exeest)">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-00802-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-00802-9"><bdi>978-0-393-00802-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+War+Aims%2C+Volume+I%3A+Ideology%2C+the+Nazi+State%2C+and+the+Course+of+Expansion&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-393-00802-9&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRitchie1992" class="citation book cs1">Ritchie, Ella (1992). "France". In Martin Harrop, ed., Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies (pp. 23–48). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34579-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34579-8"><bdi>978-0-521-34579-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=France&rft.btitle=In+Martin+Harrop%2C+ed.%2C+Power+and+Policy+in+Liberal+Democracies+%28pp.+23%E2%80%9348%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-34579-8&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Ella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1995" class="citation journal cs1">Roberts, Cynthia A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_europe-asia-studies_1995-12_47_8/page/1293">"Planning for War: The Red Army and the Catastrophe of 1941"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europe-Asia_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europe-Asia Studies (page disna exeest)">Europe-Asia Studies</a>. 47 (8): 1293–1326. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668139508412322">10.1080/09668139508412322</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/153299">153299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=Planning+for+War%3A+The+Red+Army+and+the+Catastrophe+of+1941&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1293-1326&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668139508412322&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F153299&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_europe-asia-studies_1995-12_47_8%2Fpage%2F1293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Roberts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Roberts (page disna exeest)">Roberts, Geoffrey</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stalinswarsfromw0000robe">Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953</a>. New Haven, CT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yale_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yale University Press (page disna exeest)">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11204-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11204-7"><bdi>978-0-300-11204-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Wars%3A+From+World+War+to+Cold+War%2C+1939%E2%80%931953&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11204-7&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstalinswarsfromw0000robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Roberts_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Roberts (historian) (page disna exeest)">Roberts, J. M.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/penguinhistoryof00robe_1">The Penguin History of Europe</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguin_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguin Books (page disna exeest)">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-026561-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-026561-3"><bdi>978-0-14-026561-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+History+of+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-14-026561-3&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpenguinhistoryof00robe_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRopp2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Ropp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Ropp (page disna exeest)">Ropp, Theodore</a> (2000). War in the Modern World (Revised ed.). Baltimore, MD: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johns Hopkins University Press (page disna exeest)">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6445-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6445-2"><bdi>978-0-8018-6445-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+the+Modern+World&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6445-2&rft.aulast=Ropp&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRoskill1954" class="citation book cs1">Roskill, S. W. (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RN-I/index.html">The War at Sea 1939–1945, Volume 1: The Defensive</a>. History of the Second World War. United Kingdom Military Series. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMSO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMSO (page disna exeest)">HMSO</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+at+Sea+1939%E2%80%931945%2C+Volume+1%3A+The+Defensive&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Second+World+War.+United+Kingdom+Military+Series&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Roskill&rft.aufirst=S.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUN%2FUK%2FUK-RN-I%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRoss1997" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Steven T. (1997). American War Plans, 1941–1945: The Test of Battle. Abingdon and New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4634-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4634-3"><bdi>978-0-7146-4634-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+War+Plans%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Test+of+Battle&rft.place=Abingdon+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-4634-3&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Steven+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRottman2002" class="citation book cs1">Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-Military Study. Westport, CT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwood_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenwood Press (page disna exeest)">Greenwood Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31395-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31395-0"><bdi>978-0-313-31395-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Pacific+Island+Guide%3A+A+Geo-Military+Study&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31395-0&rft.aulast=Rottman&rft.aufirst=Gordon+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFRotundo1986" class="citation journal cs1">Rotundo, Louis (1986). "The Creation of Soviet Reserves and the 1941 Campaign". Military Affairs. 50 (1): 21–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1988530">10.2307/1988530</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1988530">1988530</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Creation+of+Soviet+Reserves+and+the+1941+Campaign&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-8&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1988530&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1988530&rft.aulast=Rotundo&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSalecker2001" class="citation book cs1">Salecker, Gene Eric (2001). Fortress Against the Sun: The B-17 Flying Fortress in the Pacific. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58097-049-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58097-049-5"><bdi>978-1-58097-049-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortress+Against+the+Sun%3A+The+B-17+Flying+Fortress+in+the+Pacific&rft.place=Conshohocken%2C+PA&rft.pub=Combined+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-58097-049-5&rft.aulast=Salecker&rft.aufirst=Gene+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSchain2001" class="citation book cs1">Schain, Martin A., ed. (2001). The Marshall Plan Fifty Years Later. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palgrave_Macmillan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palgrave Macmillan (page disna exeest)">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-92983-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-92983-4"><bdi>978-0-333-92983-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marshall+Plan+Fifty+Years+Later&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-333-92983-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz2000" class="citation book cs1">Schmitz, David F. (2000). Henry L. Stimson: The First Wise Man. Lanham, MD: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (page disna exeest)">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2632-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2632-1"><bdi>978-0-8420-2632-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+L.+Stimson%3A+The+First+Wise+Man&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2632-1&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSchofield1981" class="citation journal cs1">Schofield, B. B. (1981). "The Defeat of the U-Boats during World War II". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Contemporary_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Contemporary History (page disna exeest)">Journal of Contemporary History</a>. 16 (1): 119–129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200948101600107">10.1177/002200948101600107</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/260619">260619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=The+Defeat+of+the+U-Boats+during+World+War+II&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=119-129&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200948101600107&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F260619&rft.aulast=Schofield&rft.aufirst=B.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSchoppa2011" class="citation book cs1">Schoppa, R. Keith (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inseaofbitternes0000scho">In a Sea of Bitterness, Refugees during the Sino-Japanese War</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard University Press (page disna exeest)">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6740-5988-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6740-5988-7"><bdi>978-0-6740-5988-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+a+Sea+of+Bitterness%2C+Refugees+during+the+Sino-Japanese+War&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-6740-5988-7&rft.aulast=Schoppa&rft.aufirst=R.+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finseaofbitternes0000scho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSella1978" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnon_Sella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amnon Sella (page disna exeest)">Sella, Amnon</a> (1978). ""Barbarossa": Surprise Attack and Communication". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Contemporary_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Contemporary History (page disna exeest)">Journal of Contemporary History</a>. 13 (3): 555–583. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200947801300308">10.1177/002200947801300308</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/260209">260209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=%22Barbarossa%22%3A+Surprise+Attack+and+Communication&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=555-583&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200947801300308&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F260209&rft.aulast=Sella&rft.aufirst=Amnon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSella1983" class="citation journal cs1">——— (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-contemporary-history_1983-10_18_4/page/651">"Khalkhin-Gol: The Forgotten War"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Contemporary_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Contemporary History (page disna exeest)">Journal of Contemporary History</a>. 18 (4): 651–687. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/260307">260307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Khalkhin-Gol%3A+The+Forgotten+War&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=651-687&rft.date=1983&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F260307&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-contemporary-history_1983-10_18_4%2Fpage%2F651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSenn2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_E._Senn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred E. Senn (page disna exeest)">Senn, Alfred Erich</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lithuania1940rev0000senn">Lithuania 1940: Revolution from Above</a>. Amsterdam & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodopi_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodopi (publisher) (page disna exeest)">Rodopi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-420-2225-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-420-2225-6"><bdi>978-90-420-2225-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lithuania+1940%3A+Revolution+from+Above&rft.place=Amsterdam+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-420-2225-6&rft.aulast=Senn&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Erich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flithuania1940rev0000senn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFShaw2000" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Anthony (2000). World War II: Day by Day. Osceola, WI: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MBI_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBI Publishing Company (page disna exeest)">MBI Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-0939-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-0939-1"><bdi>978-0-7603-0939-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II%3A+Day+by+Day&rft.place=Osceola%2C+WI&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-0939-1&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFShepardson1998" class="citation journal cs1">Shepardson, Donald E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-military-history_1998-01_62_1/page/135">"The Fall of Berlin and the Rise of a Myth"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Military_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Military History (page disna exeest)">Journal of Military History</a>. 62 (1): 135–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F120398">10.2307/120398</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/120398">120398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=The+Fall+of+Berlin+and+the+Rise+of+a+Myth&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=135-154&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F120398&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F120398&rft.aulast=Shepardson&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-military-history_1998-01_62_1%2Fpage%2F135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFShirer1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_L._Shirer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William L. Shirer (page disna exeest)">Shirer, William L.</a> (1990) [1960]. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Third_Reich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (page disna exeest)">The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-72868-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-72868-7"><bdi>0-671-72868-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Third+Reich%3A+A+History+of+Nazi+Germany&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-671-72868-7&rft.aulast=Shirer&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFShore2003" class="citation book cs1">Shore, Zachary (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whathitlerknewba00shor_0">What Hitler Knew: The Battle for Information in Nazi Foreign Policy</a>. New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (page disna exeest)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518261-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518261-3"><bdi>978-0-19-518261-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Hitler+Knew%3A+The+Battle+for+Information+in+Nazi+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518261-3&rft.aulast=Shore&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhathitlerknewba00shor_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSlim1956" class="citation book cs1">Slim, William (1956). Defeat into Victory. London: Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-29114-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-29114-5"><bdi>0-304-29114-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defeat+into+Victory&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1956&rft.isbn=0-304-29114-5&rft.aulast=Slim&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSmith1993" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Alan (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/russiaworldecono00smit">Russia and the World Economy: Problems of Integration</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08924-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08924-1"><bdi>978-0-415-08924-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+and+the+World+Economy%3A+Problems+of+Integration&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-415-08924-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frussiaworldecono00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSmith1994" class="citation book cs1">Smith, J.W. (1994). The World's Wasted Wealth 2: Save Our Wealth, Save Our Environment. Institute for Economic Democracy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9624423-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9624423-2-1"><bdi>0-9624423-2-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Wasted+Wealth+2%3A+Save+Our+Wealth%2C+Save+Our+Environment&rft.pub=Institute+for+Economic+Democracy&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-9624423-2-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Peter C. (2002) [1970]. Pedestal: The Convoy That Saved Malta (5th ed.). Manchester: Goodall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907579-19-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907579-19-9"><bdi>978-0-907579-19-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pedestal%3A+The+Convoy+That+Saved+Malta&rft.place=Manchester&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Goodall&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-907579-19-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSmithPabriksPursLane2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, David J.; Pabriks, Artis; Purs, Aldis; Lane, Thomas (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balticstatesesto0000smit_l0z8">The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28580-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28580-3"><bdi>978-0-415-28580-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%3A+Estonia%2C+Latvia+and+Lithuania&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28580-3&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.au=Pabriks%2C+Artis&rft.au=Purs%2C+Aldis&rft.au=Lane%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalticstatesesto0000smit_l0z8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSmithSteadman2004" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Winston; Steadman, Ralph (2004). All Riot on the Western Front, Volume 3. Last Gasp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86719-616-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86719-616-0"><bdi>978-0-86719-616-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Riot+on+the+Western+Front%2C+Volume+3&rft.pub=Last+Gasp&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-86719-616-0&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Winston&rft.au=Steadman%2C+Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timothy_D._Snyder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timothy D. Snyder (page disna exeest)">Snyder, Timothy</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodlandseurope0000snyd_e5a3">Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bodley_Head&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Bodley Head (page disna exeest)">The Bodley Head</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-08141-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-224-08141-2"><bdi>978-0-224-08141-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloodlands%3A+Europe+Between+Hitler+and+Stalin&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Bodley+Head&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-224-08141-2&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbloodlandseurope0000snyd_e5a3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSommerville2008" class="citation book cs1">Sommerville, Donald (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeillustra0000somm">The Complete Illustrated History of World War Two: An Authoritative Account of the Deadliest Conflict in Human History with Analysis of Decisive Encounters and Landmark Engagements</a>. Leicester: Lorenz Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-075481898-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-075481898-4"><bdi>978-075481898-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Illustrated+History+of+World+War+Two%3A+An+Authoritative+Account+of+the+Deadliest+Conflict+in+Human+History+with+Analysis+of+Decisive+Encounters+and+Landmark+Engagements&rft.place=Leicester&rft.pub=Lorenz+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-075481898-4&rft.aulast=Sommerville&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteillustra0000somm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSpring1986" class="citation journal cs1">Spring, D. W. (1986). "The Soviet Decision for War against Finland, 30 November 1939". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Studies (page disna exeest)">Soviet Studies</a>. 38 (2): 207–226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668138608411636">10.1080/09668138608411636</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/151203">151203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soviet+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Decision+for+War+against+Finland%2C+30+November+1939&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=207-226&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668138608411636&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F151203&rft.aulast=Spring&rft.aufirst=D.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Steinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Steinberg (page disna exeest)">Steinberg, Jonathan</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_english-historical-review_1995-06_110_437/page/620">"The Third Reich Reflected: German Civil Administration in the Occupied Soviet Union, 1941–4"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_English_Historical_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The English Historical Review (page disna exeest)">The English Historical Review</a>. 110 (437): 620–651. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2Fcx.437.620">10.1093/ehr/cx.437.620</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/578338">578338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Third+Reich+Reflected%3A+German+Civil+Administration+in+the+Occupied+Soviet+Union%2C+1941%E2%80%934&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=437&rft.pages=620-651&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2Fcx.437.620&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F578338&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_english-historical-review_1995-06_110_437%2Fpage%2F620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSteury1987" class="citation journal cs1">Steury, Donald P. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-contemporary-history_1987-04_22_2/page/209">"Naval Intelligence, the Atlantic Campaign and the Sinking of the Bismarck: A Study in the Integration of Intelligence into the Conduct of Naval Warfare"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Contemporary_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Contemporary History (page disna exeest)">Journal of Contemporary History</a>. 22 (2): 209–233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200948702200202">10.1177/002200948702200202</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/260931">260931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Naval+Intelligence%2C+the+Atlantic+Campaign+and+the+Sinking+of+the+Bismarck%3A+A+Study+in+the+Integration+of+Intelligence+into+the+Conduct+of+Naval+Warfare&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=209-233&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200948702200202&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F260931&rft.aulast=Steury&rft.aufirst=Donald+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-contemporary-history_1987-04_22_2%2Fpage%2F209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFStueck2010" class="citation book cs1">Stueck, William (2010). "The Korean War". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvyn_P._Leffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvyn P. Leffler (page disna exeest)">Melvyn P. Leffler</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odd_Arne_Westad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odd Arne Westad (page disna exeest)">Odd Arne Westad</a>, eds., The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Volume I: Origins (pp. 266–287). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83719-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83719-4"><bdi>978-0-521-83719-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Korean+War&rft.btitle=In+Melvyn+P.+Leffler+and+Odd+Arne+Westad%2C+eds.%2C+The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Cold+War%2C+Volume+I%3A+Origins+%28pp.+266%E2%80%93287%29&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83719-4&rft.aulast=Stueck&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSumnerBaker2001" class="citation book cs1">Sumner, Ian; Baker, Alix (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/royalnavy19391940000sumn">The Royal Navy 1939–45</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-195-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-195-4"><bdi>978-1-84176-195-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Navy+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-195-4&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Baker%2C+Alix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froyalnavy19391940000sumn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSwain2001" class="citation book cs1">Swain, Bruce (2001). A Chronology of Australian Armed Forces at War 1939–45. Crows Nest: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_%26_Unwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen & Unwin (page disna exeest)">Allen & Unwin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86508-352-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86508-352-0"><bdi>978-1-86508-352-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Chronology+of+Australian+Armed+Forces+at+War+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Crows+Nest&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-86508-352-0&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSwain1992" class="citation journal cs1">Swain, Geoffrey (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_historical-journal_1992-09_35_3/page/641">"The Cominform: Tito's International?"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Historical_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Historical Journal (page disna exeest)">The Historical Journal</a>. 35 (3): 641–663. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00026017">10.1017/S0018246X00026017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Cominform%3A+Tito%27s+International%3F&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=641-663&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00026017&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_historical-journal_1992-09_35_3%2Fpage%2F641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFTanaka1996" class="citation book cs1">Tanaka, Yuki (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hiddenhorrorsjap0000tana">Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II</a>. Boulder, CO: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press (page disna exeest)">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-2717-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-2717-4"><bdi>978-0-8133-2717-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Horrors%3A+Japanese+War+Crimes+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-2717-4&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=Yuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhiddenhorrorsjap0000tana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._J._P._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. J. P. Taylor (page disna exeest)">Taylor, A. J. P.</a> (1961). The Origins of the Second World War. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamish_Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamish Hamilton (page disna exeest)">Hamish Hamilton</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hamish+Hamilton&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=A.+J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1979" class="citation book cs1">——— (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwarsbegin0000tayl">How Wars Begin</a>. London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamish_Hamilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamish Hamilton (page disna exeest)">Hamish Hamilton</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-10017-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-10017-2"><bdi>978-0-241-10017-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Wars+Begin&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hamish+Hamilton&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-241-10017-2&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwarsbegin0000tayl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2009" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Jay (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalissimochi00tayl">The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China</a>. Cambridge, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard University Press (page disna exeest)">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03338-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03338-2"><bdi>978-0-674-03338-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Generalissimo%3A+Chiang+Kai-shek+and+the+Struggle+for+Modern+China&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03338-2&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneralissimochi00tayl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFThomasAndrew1998" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Nigel; Andrew, Stephen (1998). German Army 1939–1945 (2): North Africa & Balkans. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-640-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-640-8"><bdi>978-1-85532-640-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Army+1939%E2%80%931945+%282%29%3A+North+Africa+%26+Balkans&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-640-8&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.au=Andrew%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFThompsonRandall2008" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, John Herd; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Randall_(political_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Randall (political scientist) (page disna exeest)">Randall, Stephen J.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadaunitedsta00thom">Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies</a> (4th ed.). Athens, GA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Georgia_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Georgia Press (page disna exeest)">University of Georgia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-3113-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-3113-3"><bdi>978-0-8203-3113-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+and+the+United+States%3A+Ambivalent+Allies&rft.place=Athens%2C+GA&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-3113-3&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=John+Herd&rft.au=Randall%2C+Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcanadaunitedsta00thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFTrachtenberg1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Trachtenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Trachtenberg (page disna exeest)">Trachtenberg, Marc</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/constructedpeace0000trac">A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945–1963</a>. Princeton, NJ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton University Press (page disna exeest)">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00273-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00273-6"><bdi>978-0-691-00273-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Constructed+Peace%3A+The+Making+of+the+European+Settlement%2C+1945%E2%80%931963&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00273-6&rft.aulast=Trachtenberg&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconstructedpeace0000trac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFTuckerRoberts2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spencer_C._Tucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spencer C. Tucker (page disna exeest)">Tucker, Spencer C.</a>; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2004). Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-999-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-999-6"><bdi>1-57607-999-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+War+II%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-57607-999-6&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Priscilla+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFUmbreit1991" class="citation book cs1">Umbreit, Hans (1991). "The Battle for Hegemony in Western Europe". In P. S. Falla, ed., Germany and the Second World War, Volume 2: Germany's Initial Conquests in Europe (pp. 227–326). Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (page disna exeest)">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822885-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822885-1"><bdi>978-0-19-822885-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Battle+for+Hegemony+in+Western+Europe&rft.btitle=In+P.+S.+Falla%2C+ed.%2C+Germany+and+the+Second+World+War%2C+Volume+2%3A+Germany%27s+Initial+Conquests+in+Europe+%28pp.+227%E2%80%93326%29&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822885-1&rft.aulast=Umbreit&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFUS_Army1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> (1986) [1953]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619234443/http://history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/intro.htm">The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941)</a>. Washington, DC: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_the_Army&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of the Army (page disna exeest)">Department of the Army</a>. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/intro.htm">the original</a> on 19 Juin 2009. Retrieved 2 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Campaigns+in+the+Balkans+%28Spring+1941%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Army&rft.date=1986&rft.au=United+States+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fwwii%2Fbalkan%2Fintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWaltz2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Waltz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Waltz (page disna exeest)">Waltz, Susan</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2002_23_3/page/437">"Reclaiming and Rebuilding the History of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_World_Quarterly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third World Quarterly (page disna exeest)">Third World Quarterly</a>. 23 (3): 437–448. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01436590220138378">10.1080/01436590220138378</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3993535">3993535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Third+World+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Reclaiming+and+Rebuilding+the+History+of+the+Universal+Declaration+of+Human+Rights&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=437-448&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01436590220138378&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3993535&rft.aulast=Waltz&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_third-world-quarterly_2002_23_3%2Fpage%2F437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWard2010" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Thomas A. (2010). Aerospace Propulsion Systems. Singapore: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley & Sons (page disna exeest)">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-82497-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-82497-9"><bdi>978-0-470-82497-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aerospace+Propulsion+Systems&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-82497-9&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWatson2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Watson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. Watson (page disna exeest)">Watson, William E.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tricolorcrescent0000wats">Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World</a>. Westport, CT: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Praeger_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praeger Publishers (page disna exeest)">Praeger</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97470-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97470-7"><bdi>0-275-97470-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tricolor+and+Crescent%3A+France+and+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-275-97470-7&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftricolorcrescent0000wats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Weinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Weinberg (page disna exeest)">Weinberg, Gerhard L.</a> (2005). A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II (2nd ed.). Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (page disna exeest)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85316-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85316-3"><bdi>978-0-521-85316-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85316-3&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" />; comprehensive overview with emphasis on diplomacy</dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWettig2008" class="citation book cs1">Wettig, Gerhard (2008). Stalin and the Cold War in Europe: The Emergence and Development of East-West Conflict, 1939–1953. Lanham, MD: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (page disna exeest)">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-5542-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-5542-6"><bdi>978-0-7425-5542-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin+and+the+Cold+War+in+Europe%3A+The+Emergence+and+Development+of+East-West+Conflict%2C+1939%E2%80%931953&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-5542-6&rft.aulast=Wettig&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWiestBarbier2002" class="citation book cs1">Wiest, Andrew; Barbier, M. K. (2002). Strategy and Tactics: Infantry Warfare. St Paul, MN: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MBI_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBI Publishing Company (page disna exeest)">MBI Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1401-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-1401-2"><bdi>978-0-7603-1401-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategy+and+Tactics%3A+Infantry+Warfare&rft.place=St+Paul%2C+MN&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-1401-2&rft.aulast=Wiest&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Barbier%2C+M.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2006" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Andrew (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liberalismwarvic0000will">Liberalism and War: The Victors and the Vanquished</a>. Abingdon & New York, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (page disna exeest)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35980-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-35980-1"><bdi>978-0-415-35980-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberalism+and+War%3A+The+Victors+and+the+Vanquished&rft.place=Abingdon+%26+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35980-1&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliberalismwarvic0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWilt1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_F._Wilt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan F. Wilt (page disna exeest)">Wilt, Alan F.</a> (1981). "Hitler's Late Summer Pause in 1941". Military Affairs. 45 (4): 187–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1987464">10.2307/1987464</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1987464">1987464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Affairs&rft.atitle=Hitler%27s+Late+Summer+Pause+in+1941&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=187-91&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1987464&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1987464&rft.aulast=Wilt&rft.aufirst=Alan+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWohlstetter1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberta_Wohlstetter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberta Wohlstetter (page disna exeest)">Wohlstetter, Roberta</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pearlharborwarni0000wohl">Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision</a>. Palo Alto, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford University Press (page disna exeest)">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0597-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0597-4"><bdi>978-0-8047-0597-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pearl+Harbor%3A+Warning+and+Decision&rft.place=Palo+Alto%2C+CA&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0597-4&rft.aulast=Wohlstetter&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpearlharborwarni0000wohl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWolf1993" class="citation book cs1">Wolf, Holger C. (1993). "The Lucky Miracle: Germany 1945–1951". In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudi_Dornbusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudi Dornbusch (page disna exeest)">Rudiger Dornbusch</a>, Wilhelm Nölling and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Layard,_Baron_Layard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Layard, Baron Layard (page disna exeest)">Richard Layard</a>, eds., Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today (pp. 29–56). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIT_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIT Press (page disna exeest)">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04136-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-04136-2"><bdi>978-0-262-04136-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lucky+Miracle%3A+Germany+1945%E2%80%931951&rft.btitle=In+Rudiger+Dornbusch%2C+Wilhelm+N%C3%B6lling+and+Richard+Layard%2C+eds.%2C+Postwar+Economic+Reconstruction+and+Lessons+for+the+East+Today+%28pp.+29%E2%80%9356%29&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-262-04136-2&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Holger+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWood2007" class="citation book cs1">Wood, James B. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesemilitary0000wood">Japanese Military Strategy in the Pacific War: Was Defeat Inevitable?</a>. Lanham, MD: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowman_%26_Littlefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowman & Littlefield (page disna exeest)">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-5339-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-5339-2"><bdi>978-0-7425-5339-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Military+Strategy+in+the+Pacific+War%3A+Was+Defeat+Inevitable%3F&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-5339-2&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapanesemilitary0000wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFYoder1997" class="citation book cs1">Yoder, Amos (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionofunite0000yode">The Evolution of the United Nations System</a> (3rd ed.). London & Washington, DC: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_%26_Francis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor & Francis (page disna exeest)">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56032-546-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56032-546-1"><bdi>1-56032-546-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+the+United+Nations+System&rft.place=London+%26+Washington%2C+DC&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-56032-546-1&rft.aulast=Yoder&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionofunite0000yode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFZalampas1989" class="citation book cs1">Zalampas, Michael (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerthird0000zala">Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in American magazines, 1923–1939</a>. Bowling Green University Popular Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87972-462-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87972-462-5"><bdi>0-87972-462-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adolf+Hitler+and+the+Third+Reich+in+American+magazines%2C+1923%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=Bowling+Green+University+Popular+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-87972-462-5&rft.aulast=Zalampas&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadolfhitlerthird0000zala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFZaloga1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Zaloga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Zaloga (page disna exeest)">Zaloga, Steven J.</a> (1996). Bagration 1944: The Destruction of Army Group Centre. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-478-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-478-7"><bdi>978-1-85532-478-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bagration+1944%3A+The+Destruction+of+Army+Group+Centre&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-478-7&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFZaloga2002" class="citation book cs1">——— (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poland1939birtho0000zalo">Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osprey_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osprey Publishing (page disna exeest)">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-408-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-408-5"><bdi>978-1-84176-408-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland+1939%3A+The+Birth+of+Blitzkrieg&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-408-5&rft.au=%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoland1939birtho0000zalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd>Zeiler, Thomas W. and Daniel M. DuBois, eds. A Companion to World War II (2 vol 2013), 1030pp; comprehensive overview by scholars</dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFZeiler2004" class="citation book cs1">Zeiler, Thomas W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unconditionaldef0000zeil">Unconditional Defeat: Japan, America, and the End of World War II</a>. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2991-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2991-9"><bdi>978-0-8420-2991-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unconditional+Defeat%3A+Japan%2C+America%2C+and+the+End+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+DE&rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2991-9&rft.aulast=Zeiler&rft.aufirst=Thomas+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funconditionaldef0000zeil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFZetterlingTamelander2009" class="citation book cs1">Zetterling, Niklas; Tamelander, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bismarckfinalday0000zett">Bismarck: The Final Days of Germany's Greatest Battleship</a>. Drexel Hill, PA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casemate_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casemate Publishers (page disna exeest)">Casemate</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935149-04-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935149-04-0"><bdi>978-1-935149-04-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bismarck%3A+The+Final+Days+of+Germany%27s+Greatest+Battleship&rft.place=Drexel+Hill%2C+PA&rft.pub=Casemate&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-935149-04-0&rft.aulast=Zetterling&rft.aufirst=Niklas&rft.au=Tamelander%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbismarckfinalday0000zett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AWarld+War+II" class="Z3988">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032" /></dd></dl> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Taen frae "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&oldid=900468">https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&oldid=900468</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categeries</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Conflicts_in_1939&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Conflicts in 1939 (page disna exeest)">Conflicts in 1939</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Conflicts_in_1940&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Conflicts in 1940 (page disna exeest)">Conflicts in 1940</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Conflicts_in_1941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Conflicts in 1941 (page disna exeest)">Conflicts in 1941</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Conflicts_in_1942&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Conflicts in 1942 (page disna exeest)">Conflicts in 1942</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Conflicts_in_1943&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Conflicts in 1943 (page disna exeest)">Conflicts in 1943</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Conflicts_in_1944&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Conflicts in 1944 (page disna exeest)">Conflicts in 1944</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Conflicts_in_1945&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Conflicts in 1945 (page disna exeest)">Conflicts in 1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Global_conflicts" title="Category:Global conflicts">Global conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:History_o_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:History o Montenegro (page disna exeest)">History o Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_o_the_Soviet_Union_an_Soviet_Roushie" title="Category:History o the Soviet Union an Soviet Roushie">History o the Soviet Union an Soviet Roushie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_o_the_Unitit_States_(1918%E2%80%9345)" title="Category:History o the Unitit States (1918–45)">History o the Unitit States (1918–45)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modren_Europe" title="Category:Modren Europe">Modren Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modren_history" title="Category:Modren history">Modren history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_warfare" title="Category:Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Albanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Albanie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Albanie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Australie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Australie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Australie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Austrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Austrick (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Austrick</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Belgium (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Bolivie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Bolivie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Bolivie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Brazil (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Breetish_Indie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Breetish Indie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Breetish Indie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Bulgarie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Bulgarie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Bulgarie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Burma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Burma (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Burma</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Cambodie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Cambodie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Cambodie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Canadae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Canadae (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Canadae</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Chile (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Chile</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Colombie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Colombie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Colombie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Costa Rica (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Croatie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Croatie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Croatie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Cuba (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Czechoslovakie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Czechoslovakie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Czechoslovakie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Denmark (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Ecuador (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Egyp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Egyp (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Egyp</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin El Salvador (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Estonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Estonie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Estonie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Ethiopie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Ethiopie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Ethiopie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Finland (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Fraunce" title="Category:Wars involvin Fraunce">Wars involvin Fraunce</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Germany" title="Category:Wars involvin Germany">Wars involvin Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Greece" title="Category:Wars involvin Greece">Wars involvin Greece</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Guatemala (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Haiti (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Honduras (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Hungary (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Iceland (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Indonesie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Indonesie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Indonesie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Italy (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Iran" title="Category:Wars involvin Iran">Wars involvin Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Iraq" title="Category:Wars involvin Iraq">Wars involvin Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Japan" title="Category:Wars involvin Japan">Wars involvin Japan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Laos (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Laos</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Latvie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Latvie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Latvie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Lebanon" title="Category:Wars involvin Lebanon">Wars involvin Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Liberie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Liberie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Liberie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Lithuanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Lithuanie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Lithuanie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Luxembourg (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Mexico (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Mongolie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Mongolie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Mongolie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Montenegro (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Nepal (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Norawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Norawa (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Norawa</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Nicaragua (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Panama (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Panama</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Paraguay (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Peru (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Peru</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Poland (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Poland</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Romanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Romanie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Romanie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Saudi_Arabie" title="Category:Wars involvin Saudi Arabie">Wars involvin Saudi Arabie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Serbie" title="Category:Wars involvin Serbie">Wars involvin Serbie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Slovakie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Slovakie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Slovakie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Slovenie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Slovenie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Slovenie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Sooth_Africae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Sooth Africae (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Sooth Africae</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Sri Lanka (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Sirie" title="Category:Wars involvin Sirie">Wars involvin Sirie</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Thailand (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_Turkey" title="Category:Wars involvin Turkey">Wars involvin Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin the Dominican Republic (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin the Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_the_Netherlands" title="Category:Wars involvin the Netherlands">Wars involvin the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin the Philippines (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_the_Republic_o_Cheenae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin the Republic o Cheenae (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin the Republic o Cheenae</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_the_Republic_o_Macedonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin the Republic o Macedonie (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin the Republic o Macedonie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Wars involvin the Soviet Union">Wars involvin the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_the_Unitit_Kinrick" title="Category:Wars involvin the Unitit Kinrick">Wars involvin the Unitit Kinrick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involvin_the_Unitit_States" title="Category:Wars involvin the Unitit States">Wars involvin the Unitit States</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Uruguay (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Venezuela (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Wars_involvin_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wars involvin Vietnam (page disna exeest)">Wars involvin Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Warld_War_II" title="Category:Warld War II">Warld War II</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_that_wis_written_by_a_body_that_haesna_a_guid_grip_on_the_leid" title="Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid">Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aw_pages_needin_cleanup" title="Category:Aw pages needin cleanup">Aw pages needin cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_uisin_deprecatit_eemage_syntax" title="Category:Pages uisin deprecatit eemage syntax">Pages uisin deprecatit eemage syntax</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipaedia_airticles_needin_page_nummer_citations" title="Category:Wikipaedia airticles needin page nummer citations">Wikipaedia airticles needin page nummer citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_wi_broken_file_links" title="Category:Pages wi broken file links">Pages wi broken file links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv">CS1 maint: ref=harv</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_leet" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors leet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognised_leid" title="Category:CS1 maint: unrecognised leid">CS1 maint: unrecognised leid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_wi_citations_uisin_unsupportit_parameters" title="Category:Pages wi citations uisin unsupportit parameters">Pages wi citations uisin unsupportit parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missin_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missin periodical">CS1 errors: missin periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">CS1 maint: location</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page wis last eeditit on 25 November 2024, at 00:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available unner the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms mey apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms o Uiss</a> fur details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Preevacie policie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aboot">Aboot Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclamation">Disclamation</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Deveelopers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sco.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sco.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warld_War_II&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Rake </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sairch Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rake</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Warld War II</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 234 leids </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Eik topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6455b7c8bf-lmcfl","wgBackendResponseTime":348,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.017","walltime":"2.255","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18424,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":631014,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10053,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":698926,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1639.523 1 -total"," 48.49% 794.952 221 Template:Cite_book"," 19.56% 320.720 2 Template:Reflist"," 7.31% 119.865 34 Template:Cite_journal"," 7.18% 117.751 1 Template:WW2InfoBox"," 7.02% 115.145 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 6.44% 105.503 106 Template:Sfn"," 5.35% 87.719 22 Template:Cite_web"," 4.90% 80.305 10 Template:Page_needed"," 4.25% 69.720 10 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.143","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7997193,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","10.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","120","10.0"],["type","100","8.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","6.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","6.7"],["?","80","6.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","5.0"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","60","5.0"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","40","3.3"],["[others]","400","33.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84749c7844-7zv2s","timestamp":"20250209111510","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Warld War II","url":"https:\/\/sco.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warld_War_II","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q362","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q362","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-09-22T18:06:11Z","dateModified":"2024-11-25T00:25:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/54\/Infobox_collage_for_WWII.PNG","headline":"1939\u20131945 global war mainly atween the Allied an Axis Pouers"}</script> </body> </html>