CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.echr.coe.int",cType: 'interactive',cRay: '8e73fe091c634957',cH: '2HrmpUKtBQsALXf9f_mnjO7QhvYUhrD9Q5kMz.P9nzc-1732394615-1.2.1.1-Um1K1QoHHaDD_Hz5CN.fTE6YaebSWPl9CVwDbVQX0bWB5_8N8ZXXqtsW_m1hN_9Z',cUPMDTk: "\/Pages\/home.aspx?p=caselaw&c=fre&__cf_chl_tk=SBKt504ownbbXuSL6rly2CX4.0r7fN0MH7Yz7Hi78zY-1732394615-1.0.1.1-f.qXo7MpHeN7gmPes5S9yvhIMiWY45sZ7fjOwXivhIk",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732394615',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/Pages\/home.aspx?p=caselaw&c=fre&__cf_chl_f_tk=SBKt504ownbbXuSL6rly2CX4.0r7fN0MH7Yz7Hi78zY-1732394615-1.0.1.1-f.qXo7MpHeN7gmPes5S9yvhIMiWY45sZ7fjOwXivhIk",md: "tEotKI9ePpM8J.KwLS.EhfO3St10RGvi3DWIVIpuaVc-1732394615-1.2.1.1-5om_k0FntFw9v7gK.sb3ftBWs5LutQCAawGrZsKDzJWkT2djlVj2rtfNpnJuReLkUmuHomnKmEOWRhTcc1NQj03hYKbXyM4MAKEtWMmhtAB0TlOgFwwksRnwFfl_auqIXpkZuISGhlLlhTZBDh7xKUoK1v8MxL2RskTs_NLWVySjxnN9SK_HlL25YFDjgtkcmPiK1tCMSwnWVsnwZUPQ9a5CVZOAFLrB9Loh7TwfZ91.YxSOg6DD63NlyA5BngcNM.U6PfTGoLFaJgzm6S7KdVC0mt_KlhuH403B9OSwrH0koaL_gC434ZkILLU1OiwVxkrC2V4tNLb9vvivs5xJcboLs7as3pPuMwPzw4fBA9VGaI_n6dCbZOQLZ0DgBFFhuTjxI8ick7xCYT3wapO85mTztKtmZqwInA9uIZmafru0DFvwYk5vWJuLrfIcLGTHDtjIjYkR1FW2l3Prd.hniEMYdmrzQj_5KHCALp5lQQeiqLv.PZsxUR.VfTBUAer9LCVWsThUZhYoejHFFIgLoNgA3pjfzNlURTIVyNneNR9fZOuZ8UcdfP3WI8pYqMGbczMQhgP_y2zOykS9FGyWh3TVUz61sKJTI6BShR9BuBwOFWIkGbvH0_MJ1K0Aupqnu2oLEVUmFF3H6SKZ9Jy.ABuZwAIrID0iuKAf7D_lkaPfOmWk8cl1IL9Whu3aBhgtcjliqb55xFX3q0Ao29SqK0ZJxgPfYM16x6Sp8jU_wmXzJfMlNn_QSB8FwIs8tfBKPWH3uJLRS0K_IN3K2mWoObziVkSx8ZNbGL7QHIor2bGILk34p4NJEokFPu0Z7VLtc27yJ21ZZ8StnBMgUPJWve65F4AFgs3Rj4SEpFUhtoR7zM9kjM3bKl3B5owXaBgA6o_SLBTtdVxzAfBlL6o.SZQ2MrUCdhaOHv1d.XXAptRmOl3T6SubkVcPr90WccESlqqsyVDDdBwEW0DbJCHZpQ45NKKObVH2jwbHjtbni.cGbUfiKGPeQLjjKKF4xmBhtsdS17jqV2BGowpZ_daEar_GfHFTOO2VK7Odsg4spk.zgxo_Azl0b0x4yjkoR1ZmMwTUc1vBPv5Iy_2JZnvOyv_TrwHvD9j4CGgtDncxqLNrZP.uSxQiYfxyG2L6RZTNEuwsQqx1slNXMT8yIeZVdH7AoS5VRAhhsmqP.A1cenOFPTOE18vomFfWPaJD8NchUsbHLwkSpNEjRKd89cn1Wgj.eJPmAPhg0od6TsT4a2L7uVkK.FEmGaTiXUg93JeohJGAVPqMzbHnjJHgxT4.eXE68IZh8o4X7Xw.xxThftZL29jzk9WmXg7T5FWHkdh22McmMXpIQZXldI1cTDnu502H5b3grMvSG1T0NfJxxZZfPiD1gMmOQ9zKz.TLXl97sI5SnWNtywTeUEen5FWQ1FB8y8eA5Zf7er3btY5C67P6XtRb.Hd8Wmv1IlfBYPcMbmAaezA0AdVmiJtNp.ZtwUP9XuTD5FfKdSgxkhEZtX8LryTUf6NpGhMH6fKpXWfAQoBiuKxQQGEQmGZdXFHf5I7JOSy.SGoxMaUIcAUllQc0GA9V4_RoWvKSdzWRQ5PeNdpcifaExoRsMNwZXOgC_OvsCE0uT3q.bJ1kwRY0i5gMJcezp18wVIQt5dlFiD3DPxpDFwTUecf8yxlL9mddnhU8H2NzCXQANItBLPR8KwF640tjKnUG0gES1UOd9Qx.GddNmt.e7TIcMWcF3Ty7SnMmBC5DzJeyxhoaeZ7KSKpoT15MduveW6X74mMFtq4ZiiK0RzSrum_3H_9iKzJfl3pqdDg_kgPwJ1XgNpONAu_ncXLc4KTwIkrbnDe3WlzQGtx2lBkXWiWcctCTdA9wOm3cZqn167VXjDcZJE4VRtVoeDcphutiHNfcwK7eNApd2Asgv9A559eE3cKJWgetJZ5jBpxZjW4bqLv8TtMTiQgol69rg6mLakTUvusdQ1yf8mkuiXDkfuFOe4lm5GAYYKM6me2lb_wQ5UJIQ9MFktxYJPja5ztmEc87w3dMHyAzxaMLEBTDFGd_XlLE7cUlfZZmJQ_V8mQ6gerrRkU3ktqC5Xf2zQ2G8q3MQcBmxMbQIUkdqLdXxpoo1mfsDhjO5Q",mdrd: "mrhzy96AGnR6vNQU6xAI9FROKPq9wf7uvBQm7dJ5SuI-1732394615-1.2.1.1-4b9BNBHdnLUrbTrqGYSeSWd7LTMI1HGWfjsbXsrbU9LprSdO1Qw5fpuWtrA5pM2nQQb09MXxoaBfFL0J3yd8ttKIYzfFfC6ryAbFwwLZP3JjPA3gjBedl3CYhaebCACcnTtdBPDjOu4gon6jeMOwnqruGIUxz4MwOIuRoJNZz7Xfhqnqq3xzCvsjjSl8o_sXv0o39UAJEjabNtyCaHrNFHQrGby8UGGF.jvy6pwJSlKPrGxlp5fuWkr9wjH7pBywu2Fx6rrr0.koe94PHKdzcmcLlaMo7zdlNi0mBMASfWyffzkUckOoKkIKfbVsHOJa_PCj04iPV_9ESNDcfgsvjzvxniWbT.2m3OBj6neHOeAUus2pK0_Q2CuJ97SPXTujrqRf76JroaUtAeh_qiZRxhSx5XsMGgTQ8moyMwi1Gr4DpmqdJ2iQmwaD1Fihd948DKIzeFNbex_0gaCKRhMDadLnWjMbMdTSp.1JmON5yC98V1eTJ.n8R4VqaElsnc2RvHn1tnFUzgWrFpoiguw9GzOx.p4sCCQ_Vqp2YJaygTqXx9MNS5zxWTCUoJsSBYEJcTRVNnTQ0jWyQGIWsZdCfTkudo4u1Y_oj5..M2WHpdGTwWFyYodUOxvcHU5N_L2lt1.cA0i9fsX6Gt4tkvLuvz9TI7Q1Rp0Bu50D8qWuyyXZu3PorlEwVz6mAQeUDm2ahkBRFlf7Bhtp0Nfd_c03rMTUGVJIftaec59ikzV2hZQ24zM2tC4Z3FzESVx_JXd80Z2L9XDGC7TlAYZuwG.aBu7e04mQtYc4e6UCDLY1l6PuQqdV9gFcV7sUJ2SuGpNwbgqOiD3KFPDmHRkJF6NsBsavXMIRE5PYrowVXDe_AwYkdR2dCwjF6W2jqkx238Wu8FtsG6cROyeod.63yhTUfSmdWZYc8Fu0tri6DBEmclZpnReKMobuBSZH0Fb7898_uOHZO7r1cHk3_2GpnKKM9qYoBc_cOhJl6QK0z56wyy4q4WCLkO37IUjLSSGIShP_qtLOpMhRd1f1J8V7qwC8e93c.vbO36WvB44ZCAN7KBEp5rFvbHlOI0HrJIgxc6KIwxzD8Z7YTMJJwzGuKHJtk8.j6jBMW6NGWfyxX3JAsP1dm89nKJipJH0erDJnPRFazIRX.3sCpQyHHT4or7pCduv7ShPLUoGB9AnsUncw0nPrpfGSTnknsOlrcnI5rUQGMKbFRzWJgJU1vSYvmZdvor.GKLjzyek90C9lJm3yjsRgrGlfLoAylPtpQwsWKnvZfr0kQaPApnQjIDxpz5x0cGHY0EFBZBzaMg3DCv56l5pug_IcwPtCm1oZTZ1TQgM_bRohBb2qGa5l5zyod8zGSVN0p1pHiz5sM_eF6GfpW9WzhAyACW.4zRrYdU7q1f_NOBDV8NEUUV4nWc27K0FPJYfIu1AwSZ3epRDCszvTy6WvVFxm5kd7KB_M1_gQcKcDmBM1X8CQK3c0SfnGTEwMuyplpZnljtkRMH41erOmr62VErV97PsJ9drD.eqsyeF2FNvCdVCY.iATJfss_L6pdKdpSL3NgNRDnEOxq1EIVvOvEiOZBfdH4GU4NP7VIPRsCHrt0DIAFVFUMYcPF6SIvE66Kz1CyUFEALGS7AyG2FP.DB4f9sx3wIJYRT0uss6V04V4H7aW6q5S4uRbkfmI_m68rhi3KU1WZVsjZWU8EF0YDLu6gs3HyNTp6E6sDBwvh4zw7jMVgFPxqM_j9xwutWFMkMWdTn9TNar5OvJcFLbNziA3PkorINCjkxMAs1r_P_nUvgOAXFytlGNdh4yNMNvOL7Zqw3nkLUP3YJRFu.z88ZEk4aalOz4PtmzUzIGEkT.5sdxcEzdbmVEoBNyYRZdUzVw9qu3GMsH.03EzJERQOa_EeWokO6IB9g06p3UOHNr0.PMmPLl4f1aigDKh1dJILcZF6sBa_9Ea2Z3yVyjSc80CKSVzF.ZQSIKdUleV"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e73fe091c634957';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/Pages\/home.aspx?p=caselaw&c=fre&__cf_chl_rt_tk=SBKt504ownbbXuSL6rly2CX4.0r7fN0MH7Yz7Hi78zY-1732394615-1.0.1.1-f.qXo7MpHeN7gmPes5S9yvhIMiWY45sZ7fjOwXivhIk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>