Nutrients | Special Issue : Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease

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childhood neurology; neurogenetics"> <div class="editor-div__content smaller-pictures"> <div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop271570' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> <div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name"> Dr. Andrea Domenico Praticò </span></div></div> </div> <div id="profile-card-drop271570" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="profile-card__title "> <div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name"> Dr. Andrea Domenico Praticò </span></div></div> </div> <div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/2573437?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a> <a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Andrea%20Domenico%20Pratic%C3%B2" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Andrea%20Domenico%20Pratic%C3%B2&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Andrea%20Domenico%20Pratic%C3%B2" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a> </div> </div> <br class="show-for-small-only" /> <a class="inline-spacer toEncode emailCaptcha" href="" data-editor-id="271570">E-Mail</a> <a class="inline-spacer" href="https://unikore.it/cdl/medicina-e-chirurgia/persone-e-regolamenti/medicina-e-chirurgia-andrea-domenico-pratico/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Website</a> <br/> <i>Guest Editor</i><br> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="editor-div__content smaller-pictures"> Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy<br> <b>Interests:</b> neurology; childhood neurology; neurogenetics<br> </div> </div> </div> <h2><a name="info"></a>Special Issue Information</h2> <div> <p style="text-align: justify">Dear Colleagues,</p> <p style="text-align: justify">Many epidemiologic studies report a protective association between a balanced and adequate diet and cognitive impairment, brain health and neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time, data from clinical trials supporting these observational findings are also emerging, in particular in childhood and neonatal ages.</p> <p style="text-align: justify">The neuroprotective properties may be linked directly to caloric restrictions or to some neuroprotective properties of food (in long-chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and mineral elements).</p> <p style="text-align: justify">Preventive interventions on neuroinflammation seem to be able to interfere with neurodegeneration, enhancing antioxidative defense, and lowering the risk and incidence of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. It should be noticed that dietary supplementation-based strategies have been demonstrated to be effective in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, or directly in metabolic disorders in whom a specific enzymatic deficit may require specific dietary restrictions.  </p> <p style="text-align: justify">In some studies, adjunctive supplementation has also been demonstrated to improve depression, this being of marked benefit considering the comorbidity between cognitive impairment/dementia and depression</p> <p>Dr. Andrea Domenico Praticò<br /><em>Guest Editor</em></p> <p><p><strong>Manuscript Submission Information</strong><p> <p>Manuscripts should be submitted online at <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/">www.mdpi.com</a> by <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/user/register/">registering</a> and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/user/login/">logging in to this website</a>. Once you are registered, <a href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload/?journal=nutrients">click here to go to the submission form</a>. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.</p> <p>Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/instructions">Instructions for Authors</a> page. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/"><em>Nutrients</em></a> is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.</p> <p> Please visit the <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/instructions">Instructions for Authors</a> page before submitting a manuscript. The <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/apc/">Article Processing Charge (APC)</a> for publication in this <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess/">open access</a> journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/authors/english">English editing service</a> prior to publication or during author revisions. </p></p> </div> <h2><a name="keywords"></a>Keywords</h2> <div><ul> <li>neurological Disorders</li> <li>neurodegenerative disorders</li> <li>diet</li> <li>food</li> <li>free radicals</li> <li>anti-oxidants</li> </ul></div> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><h2><a name="benefits"></a>Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue</h2> <ul> <li>Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.</li> <li>Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. 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color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 7249 KiB   </span> <a href="/2072-6643/16/8/1167/pdf?version=1713266387" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Interpreting the Mechanism of Active Ingredients in Polygonati Rhizoma in Treating Depression by Combining Systemic Pharmacology and In Vitro Experiments" data-journal="nutrients"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2072-6643/16/8/1167">Interpreting the Mechanism of Active Ingredients in Polygonati Rhizoma in Treating Depression by Combining Systemic Pharmacology and In Vitro Experiments</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xin Wei</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dan Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiajia Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qizhi Zhu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ziming Xu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jinzhe Niu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Weiping Xu</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nutrients</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(8), 1167; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081167">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081167</a> - 14 Apr 2024 </div> <a href="/2072-6643/16/8/1167#metrics">Cited by 2</a> | Viewed by 1231 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Polygonati Rhizoma (PR) has certain neuroprotective effects as a homology of medicine and food. In this study, systematic pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments were integrated to verify the antidepressant active ingredients in PR and their mechanisms. A total of seven compounds <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/8/1167/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Polygonati Rhizoma (PR) has certain neuroprotective effects as a homology of medicine and food. In this study, systematic pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments were integrated to verify the antidepressant active ingredients in PR and their mechanisms. A total of seven compounds in PR were found to be associated with 45 targets of depression. Preliminarily, DFV docking with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) showed good affinity. In vitro, DFV inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of BV-2 cells, reversed amoeba-like morphological changes, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. DFV reversed the malondialdehyde (MDA) overexpression and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression inhibition in LPS-induced BV-2 cells and decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. DFV inhibited both mRNA and protein expression levels of COX2 induced by LPS, and the activation of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase1 was suppressed, thus exerting an antidepressant effect. This study proves that DFV may be an important component basis for PR to play an antidepressant role. <a href="/2072-6643/16/8/1167">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nutrients/special_issues/7R8VUNQD75 ">Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/8/1167/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1375513"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1375513"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1375513" data-cycle-prev="#prev1375513" data-cycle-progressive="#images1375513" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-ag-550.jpg?1713266490" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1375513" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g001-550.jpg?1713266474'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g002-550.jpg?1713266476'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g003-550.jpg?1713266478'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g004-550.jpg?1713266481'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g005-550.jpg?1713266482'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g006-550.jpg?1713266484'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g007-550.jpg?1713266485'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1375513-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g008-550.jpg?1713266487'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1375513-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-ag-550.jpg?1713266490" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g001-550.jpg?1713266474" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flow chart of mechanism research of PR in treating depression (created with <a href="http://BioRender.com" target="_blank">BioRender.com</a>, accessed on 10 March 2024).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g002-550.jpg?1713266476" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>PR candidate compounds–targets network. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the association between PR and candidate targets, and different shapes and colors were used to render the compound and target features represented by nodes in the network for differentiation. The green hexagonal nodes represented candidate compounds in PR, the rose-red circular nodes represented the matching targets of the compounds, and the edges represented association relationships between nodes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g003-550.jpg?1713266478" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The construction of depression targets network and interacting with PR-related targets. (<b>A</b>) Depression-targets network. The blue diamond nodes represented depression, while the purple circular nodes represented depression-related targets. (<b>B</b>) The common targets between PR and depression are shown in the Venn diagram. (<b>C</b>) PR candidate compounds–targets–depression targets joint network. The yellow nodes represented common targets for PR and depression. The rose-red nodes represented other targets in PR that were not related to depression. Purple nodes represented depression targets unrelated to PR. Green nodes represented candidate compounds of PR. The blue diamond node represented depression.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g004-550.jpg?1713266481" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Construction of PR candidate compound−depression targets network and enrichment analysis of PR antidepressant targets. (<b>A</b>) PR candidate compounds−depression targets−other targets network. (<b>B</b>) PR candidate compounds−depression targets network (<b>C</b>) Advanced bubble map of KEGG enrichment analysis of targets. (<b>D</b>) Advanced bubble chart of the top-ten entries in BP, CC, and MF of target GO enrichment analysis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g005-550.jpg?1713266482" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Molecular docking between DFV and COX2. (<b>A</b>) Chemical structure of DFV. (<b>B</b>) Docking conformation of DFV and COX2 (PDB ID: 5IKR) and amino acid residues at the binding site.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g006-550.jpg?1713266484" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The effect of DFV on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. (<b>A</b>) LPS enhances the cell viability of BV-2 cells. (<b>B</b>) Effect of DFV on BV-2 cell viability. (<b>C</b>) DFV inhibited the viability of BV-2 cells in a culture system containing 2 μg/mL LPS. (<b>D</b>) DFV regulated mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. (<b>E</b>) DFV improved SOD and reduced MDA production in LPS-induced BV2 cells. (<b>F</b>) DFV inhibits amoeba-like morphological changes and increases mitochondrial membrane potential in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Data are rendered as mean ± SEM. Compared with the control group, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01. Compared with the LPS group, <sup>#</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, <sup>##</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g007-550.jpg?1713266485" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>The effect of DFV on the expression of COX2 and inflammatory-related proteins in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. (<b>A</b>) DFV inhibited an increased level of COX2 mRNA in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. (<b>B</b>) DFV inhibited increased protein an level of COX2 induced by LPS in BV-2 cells. (<b>C</b>) DFV inhibited increased NLRP3 and cleaved caspase1 protein levels in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Data are rendered as mean ± SEM. Compared with the control group, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01. Compared with the LPS group, <sup>#</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, <sup>##</sup> <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-01167/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-01167-g008-550.jpg?1713266487" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The antidepressant mechanism of the Polygonati Rhizoma extract DFV in a BV-2 cell model by inhibiting COX2-mediated inflammatory response (created with <a href="http://BioRender.com" target="_blank">BioRender.com</a>, accessed on 12 March 2024). In BV-2 cells, LPS promotes the gene expression and protein translation of COX2 by binding to receptors, further promoting the gene and protein expression of NLRP3, leading to the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The inflammatory environment causes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damages mitochondria, manifested as a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. ROS promotes the accumulation of oxidative product MDA, which exacerbates mitochondrial damage. SOD prevents and repairs this damage process. On the other hand, NLRP3 promotes the hydrolysis and cleavage of caspase1, further inducing the release of activated IL-1 β and triggering neuroinflammation. The compound DFV in Polygonati Rhizoma reduced the gene expression and protein translation of COX2 by binding to it, thereby preventing subsequent inflammatory reactions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/8/1167'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1307991" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 4817 KiB   </span> <a href="/2072-6643/16/1/85/pdf?version=1703658113" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Ellagic Acid Prevents α-Synuclein Spread and Mitigates Toxicity by Enhancing Autophagic Flux in an Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease" data-journal="nutrients"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2072-6643/16/1/85">Ellagic Acid Prevents α-Synuclein Spread and Mitigates Toxicity by Enhancing Autophagic Flux in an Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nada Radwan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Engila Khan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mustafa T. Ardah</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tohru Kitada</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>M. Emdadul Haque</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nutrients</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(1), 85; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010085">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010085</a> - 26 Dec 2023 </div> <a href="/2072-6643/16/1/85#metrics">Cited by 1</a> | Viewed by 1741 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disorder, pathologically characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) as well as the formation of Lewy bodies composed mainly of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. It has been documented that <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/85/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disorder, pathologically characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) as well as the formation of Lewy bodies composed mainly of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. It has been documented that abnormal aggregation of α-syn is one of the major causes of developing PD. In the current study, administration of ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenolic compound (10 mg/kg bodyweight), significantly decreased α-syn spreading and preserved dopaminergic neurons in a male C57BL/6 mouse model of PD. Moreover, EA altered the autophagic flux, suggesting the involvement of a restorative mechanism meditated by EA treatment. Our data support that EA could play a major role in the clearing of toxic α-syn from spreading, in addition to the canonical antioxidative role, and thus preventing dopaminergic neuronal death. <a href="/2072-6643/16/1/85">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nutrients/special_issues/7R8VUNQD75 ">Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/85/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1307991"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1307991"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1307991" data-cycle-prev="#prev1307991" data-cycle-progressive="#images1307991" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g001-550.jpg?1703658199" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1307991" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g002-550.jpg?1703658201'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g003-550.jpg?1703658203'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g004-550.jpg?1703658206'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g005-550.jpg?1703658208'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g006-550.jpg?1703658210'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g007-550.jpg?1703658212'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g008-550.jpg?1703658215'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1307991-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g009-550.jpg?1703658218'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1307991-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g001-550.jpg?1703658199" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Ellagic acid molecular structure.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g002-550.jpg?1703658201" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Human PFF seed synthesis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g003-550.jpg?1703658203" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Study plan. Illustration of the study depicting the study plan and duration. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to intrastriatal injection with PFF at coordinates: anterior–posterior: +0.5 mm; medial–lateral: −2.2 mm; dorsal–ventral: −3.4 mm from the bregma. Following 6 weeks, MPTP was administered IP at a low dose (10 mg/kg b.wt.) for 5 days. Animal sacrifice and brain collection were performed on the end of the 8th week of the experiment. IP EA administration (10 mg/kg b.wt.) was conducted during the first 12 days following the stereotaxic surgery and during the 7th week (adjunctively with MPTP administration with 1 h dosing gap) for 7 days.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g004-550.jpg?1703658206" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Assessment of α-syn in TH neurons in SNc. (<b>A</b>) Representative images showing the mouse pS129 α-syn spreading in the SNc in both PFF+MPTP-treated groups in comparison with a control group (PBS). (<b>B</b>) EA administration confers significant reduction in synuclein-spreading C57BL/6 male mice PD model. (<b>C</b>) Western blot showing phosphorylated form of α-syn in the SNc. (<b>D</b>) Western blot analysis showing phosphorylated form of α-syn a primary component found in Lewy bodies, and results were quantified as density relative to actin protein expression. (<b>E</b>) Western blot of endogenous levels of α-syn in SNc. (<b>F</b>) Quantification of endogenous α-syn protein. Data represented as percentage ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4 per group). Scale bar: 50 µm (<b>A</b>). (*** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test) (AU: arbitrary unit).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g005-550.jpg?1703658208" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Assessment of filament-specific α-syn in the TH neurons of SNc. (<b>A</b>) Representative images showing the accumulation of filament-specific α-syn in the SNc in both PFF+MPTP-treated groups (PFF+MPTP+V and PFF+MPTP+EA), respectively. (<b>B</b>) EA administration confers a significant reduction in aggregated synuclein accumulation in C57BL/6 male mice. Data represented as percentage ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4 per group). Scale bar: 50 µm (<b>A</b>). (*** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g006-550.jpg?1703658210" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Assessment of tyrosine hydroxylase immune-positive (TH+) neurons to quantify the number of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SNc) and dopamine transporter (DAT) density in the striatum. (<b>A</b>) Representative images showing the TH+ neurons in the SNc area. (<b>B</b>) The number of DA neurons in the SNc was counted in each animal using unbiased stereo investigator system, as described in methods section. The number of TH+ neurons was significantly higher in animals treated with EA. (<b>C</b>) Representative images showing the immunoreactivity of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the striatum. The intensity of dopamine nerve terminals was significantly improved in the striatum of EA-treated male mice when compared with that in group (PFF+MPTP+V). (<b>D</b>) DAT intensity was measured using NIH image J software, and is presented in the graph. Scale bar: 500 µm (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>). Data represented as percentage ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4 per group). (*** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test) (AU: arbitrary unit).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g007-550.jpg?1703658212" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Detection and quantification of apoptotic neurons using TUNEL assay. (<b>A</b>) Representative images showing the TUNEL-positive neurons in the midbrain sections covering SNc region. EA treatment confers significant protection against apoptosis when compared with (PFF+MPTP+V) group; nuclei stained with TOPRO (originally blue) were pseudo-colored to magenta. (<b>B</b>) Number of TUNEL-positive cells counted and presented. Data represented as percentage ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4). Scale bar: 25 µm. (*** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g008-550.jpg?1703658215" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Assessment of autophagy marker LC3 in TH neurons in the SNc area. (<b>A</b>) Representative images showing the LC3 puncta in the SNc area. (<b>B</b>) EA significantly increases LC3 puncta colocalized in the TH neurons of the SNc area as compared with vehicle-only-treated group (PFF+MPTP+V). Data represented as Pearson’s coefficient ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4) as mentioned in the methods and methodology. Scale bar: 25 µm (<b>A</b>). (<b>C</b>) Immunoblotting of autophagy marker LC3 in both its isoforms, LC3II and LC3I. (<b>D</b>) An increase revealed in the LC3II/I ratio in the EA-treated group as opposed to the group without EA treatment. Data represented as LC3 II/I ratio ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4). (** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ns: not significant, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-16-00085/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-16-00085-g009-550.jpg?1703658218" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Assessment of autophagy substrate p62 in TH neurons in the SNc. (<b>A</b>) Representative images showing the p62 puncta in the SNc. (<b>B</b>) EA significantly increases p62 puncta colocalized in the TH neurons of the SNc as compared with vehicle-only-treated group PFF+MPTP+V). (<b>C</b>) Western blot showing significant decrease in p62 level when animals were treated with EA. (<b>D</b>) Quantification and analysis of immunoblot signal using NIH image J software. Data represented as Pearson’s coefficient ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4). Scale bar: 25 µm (<b>A</b>). (* <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ns: not significant, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test) (AU: arbitrary unit).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/16/1/85'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1299783" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 498 KiB   </span> <a href="/2072-6643/15/24/5105/pdf?version=1702532031" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Neurodevelopment and Dietary Intake in Toddlers—A Cross-Sectional Study from the Healthy Children 2021 Project" data-journal="nutrients"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2072-6643/15/24/5105">Neurodevelopment and Dietary Intake in Toddlers—A Cross-Sectional Study from the Healthy Children 2021 Project</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Micaela Cunha-Rodrigues</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rafaela Rosário</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ana Duarte</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria José Silva</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cláudia Augusto</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mónica Rodrigues</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Patrícia Padrão</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pedro Moreira</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nutrients</em> <b>2023</b>, <em>15</em>(24), 5105; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245105">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245105</a> - 14 Dec 2023 </div> <a href="/2072-6643/15/24/5105#metrics">Cited by 3</a> | Viewed by 3166 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Little is known about the potential associations between neurodevelopment, dietary diversity and food processing in the toddler period. This study aimed to estimate the association between these dietary quality dimensions and neurodevelopment in toddlers. Data for this cross-sectional analysis came from the Healthy <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/24/5105/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Little is known about the potential associations between neurodevelopment, dietary diversity and food processing in the toddler period. This study aimed to estimate the association between these dietary quality dimensions and neurodevelopment in toddlers. Data for this cross-sectional analysis came from the Healthy Children 2021 project and included 212 toddlers (51.9% females, aged 12–36 months) from 15 Portuguese childcare centers. Neurodevelopment was assessed through Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Dietary intake was gathered by a two-day non-consecutive dietary recall. The food items were categorised with NOVA classification. Dietary diversity was explored through Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD). Logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were performed. Girls with a higher energy contribution of unprocessed/minimally processed foods and with an above median MDD score had higher odds of achieving a higher neurodevelopment score (aOR:1.04; 95%CI 1.01; 1.08 and aOR:2.26; 95%CI 1.01; 5.06, respectively); no significant association was observed in boys. Our findings suggest that these dietary dimensions are associated with a higher neurodevelopment in toddler girls. This should be further studied as a possible early link between dietary factors and neurodevelopment. Promotion of healthy eating can be promising in improving neurocognitive development and might help to introduce public health recommendations for toddlers’ nutrition. <a href="/2072-6643/15/24/5105">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nutrients/special_issues/7R8VUNQD75 ">Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/24/5105/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1299783-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-05105/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-05105-g001-550.jpg?1702532143" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1299783-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-05105/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-05105-g001-550.jpg?1702532143" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flow of participants through each stage of the program.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/24/5105'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1177844" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1177844" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1177844" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1177844" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2072-6643/15/13/2854/s1?version=1688561580"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 126 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 1908 KiB   </span> <a href="/2072-6643/15/13/2854/pdf?version=1687935433" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Preventive Treatment with Astaxanthin Microencapsulated with Spirulina Powder, Administered in a Dose Range Equivalent to Human Consumption, Prevents LPS-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats" data-journal="nutrients"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2072-6643/15/13/2854">Preventive Treatment with Astaxanthin Microencapsulated with Spirulina Powder, Administered in a Dose Range Equivalent to Human Consumption, Prevents LPS-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Miquel Martin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Matteo M. Pusceddu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Joan Teichenné</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Teresa Negra</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alan Connolly</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xavier Escoté</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Helena Torrell Galceran</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Adrià Cereto Massagué</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Iris Samarra Mestre</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antoni del Pino Rius</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jordi Romero-Gimenez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cristina Egea</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Juan Maria Alcaide-Hidalgo</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Josep Maria del Bas</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nutrients</em> <b>2023</b>, <em>15</em>(13), 2854; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132854">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132854</a> - 23 Jun 2023 </div> <a href="/2072-6643/15/13/2854#metrics">Cited by 2</a> | Viewed by 1927 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Cognitive alterations are a common feature associated with many neurodegenerative diseases and are considered a major health concern worldwide. Cognitive alterations are triggered by microglia activation and oxidative/inflammatory processes in specific areas of the central nervous system. Consumption of bioactive compounds with antioxidative <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/13/2854/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Cognitive alterations are a common feature associated with many neurodegenerative diseases and are considered a major health concern worldwide. Cognitive alterations are triggered by microglia activation and oxidative/inflammatory processes in specific areas of the central nervous system. Consumption of bioactive compounds with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, such as astaxanthin and spirulina, can help in preventing the development of these pathologies. In this study, we have investigated the potential beneficial neuroprotective effects of a low dose of astaxanthin (ASX) microencapsulated within spirulina (ASXSP) in female rats to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with the administration of LPS. Alterations in memory processing were evaluated in the Y-Maze and Morris Water Maze (MWM) paradigms. Changes in microglia activation and in gut microbiota content were also investigated. Our results demonstrate that LPS modified long-term memory in the MWM and increased microglia activation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Preventive treatment with ASXSP ameliorated LPS-cognitive alterations and microglia activation in both brain regions. Moreover, ASXSP was able to partially revert LPS-induced gut dysbiosis. Our results demonstrate the neuroprotective benefits of ASX when microencapsulated with spirulina acting through different mechanisms, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and, probably, prebiotic actions. <a href="/2072-6643/15/13/2854">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nutrients/special_issues/7R8VUNQD75 ">Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/13/2854/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1177844"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1177844"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1177844" data-cycle-prev="#prev1177844" data-cycle-progressive="#images1177844" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1177844-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g001-550.jpg?1688561628" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1177844" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1177844-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g002-550.jpg?1688561632'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1177844-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g003-550.jpg?1688561630'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1177844-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g004-550.jpg?1688561626'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1177844-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g005-550.jpg?1688561631'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1177844-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-sch001-550.jpg?1688561625'><p>Scheme 1</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1177844-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g001-550.jpg?1688561628" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Chronic treatment with ASXSP ameliorates LPS-induced cognitive impairment in the MWM paradigm. (<b>A</b>) Scape latency on the 5 training days in the MWM for the four experimental groups: vehicle saline (Veh/Sal), ASXSP saline (Asx/Sal), vehicle LPS (Veh/LPS), and ASXSP LPS (Asx/LPS) rats. (<b>B</b>) Area under the curve (AUC) of the latency to find the hidden platform on the 5 training days in the MWM. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 10 animals/group). ★, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 vs. vehicle saline group. @, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 vs. vehicle LPS group (one-way ANOVA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/13/2854'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g002-550.jpg?1688561632" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Exposure to LPS or ASXSP alone, or in combination, produced no effects on short-term recognition memory in the Y-maze. (<b>A</b>) Number of entries in the novel arm expressed as the exploration ratio. (<b>B</b>) Time spent in the novel arm expressed as the exploration ratio. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 10 animals/group).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/13/2854'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g003-550.jpg?1688561630" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Preventive treatment with ASXSP ameliorates LPS-induced microglia activation in the hippocampus. The relative integrated density (RID) of the CD68 positive cells in (<b>A</b>) the CA1 region, (<b>B</b>) the DG region, and (<b>C</b>) the whole hippocampus. (<b>D</b>) The representative photomicrographs of CD68 staining in the hippocampus in the different experimental groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 10 animals/group). ★, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 vs. vehicle saline group. @, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 vehicle LPS group (one-way ANOVA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/13/2854'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g004-550.jpg?1688561626" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Preventive treatment with ASXSP ameliorates LPS-induced microglia activation in the mPFC. The relative integrated density (RID) of the CD68 positive cells in (<b>A</b>) the mPFC area. (<b>B</b>) The representative photomicrographs of CD68 staining in the cortex in the different experimental groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 10 animals/group). ★, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 vs. vehicle saline group. @, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 vehicle LPS group (one-way ANOVA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/13/2854'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-g005-550.jpg?1688561631" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Alterations in gut microbiota content after exposure to LPS and ASXSP. (<b>A</b>) Relative proportion of the different bacteria phylum among the experimental groups. (<b>B</b>) Relative proportion of the bacteria genus among the experimental groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/13/2854'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-02854/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-02854-sch001-550.jpg?1688561625" title=" <strong>Scheme 1</strong><br/> <p>Scheme describing the experimental protocol used in this study.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/13/2854'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item type-section" id=Review> <h2>Review</h2> <div style="margin-top: 15px;"> <p>Jump to: <a href="#Research">Research</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <input class="article-list-checkbox export-element" type="checkbox" name="articles_ids[]" value="1105145" data-select-all-name="article-listing"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 1955 KiB   </span> <a href="/2072-6643/15/7/1558/pdf?version=1679559359" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Potential Use of Honey as a Neuroprotective Agent for the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases" data-journal="nutrients"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2072-6643/15/7/1558">The Potential Use of Honey as a Neuroprotective Agent for the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohammad Adi Mohammad Fadzil</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Suraiami Mustar</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aswir Abd Rashed</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nutrients</em> <b>2023</b>, <em>15</em>(7), 1558; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071558">https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071558</a> - 23 Mar 2023 </div> <a href="/2072-6643/15/7/1558#metrics">Cited by 8</a> | Viewed by 4812 <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> As the global population ages, there is an increasing research on managing neurodegenerative diseases that mainly affect the elderly. Honey is one of the natural products and functional foods widely studied for its neuroprotective properties. This review investigates honey’s effectiveness as a neuroprotective <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1558/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> As the global population ages, there is an increasing research on managing neurodegenerative diseases that mainly affect the elderly. Honey is one of the natural products and functional foods widely studied for its neuroprotective properties. This review investigates honey’s effectiveness as a neuroprotective agent through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research. The articles were browsed from three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus) between the years of 2012 and 2022 using the keywords “honey” crossed with “neurodegenerative”. Out of the 16 articles, six in vitro, eight in vivo, one combination study, and one clinical intervention were compiled. Among the various types of honey studied, the Tualang and Thyme honey exhibited the highest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase activity, leading to the prevention and management of multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The neuroprotective properties of honey are primarily attributed to its high polyphenol content, with quercetin and gallic acid being the most prominent. This review compiled considerable evidence of the anti-neurodegenerative properties of honey presented by in vitro and in vivo studies. However, more clinical intervention studies are required to support these findings further. <a href="/2072-6643/15/7/1558">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nutrients/special_issues/7R8VUNQD75 ">Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1558/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1105145"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1105145"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1105145" data-cycle-prev="#prev1105145" data-cycle-progressive="#images1105145" 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src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-01558/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-01558-g002-550.jpg?1679559440'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1105145-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-01558/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-01558-g003-550.jpg?1679559438'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1105145-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-01558/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-01558-g004-550.jpg?1679559443'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1105145-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-01558/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-01558-ag-550.jpg?1679559443" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/7/1558'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-01558/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-01558-g001-550.jpg?1679559436" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flow diagram for the process of selecting research articles via online databases for the period of ten years (2012–2022).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/7/1558'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-01558/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-01558-g002-550.jpg?1679559440" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Summary of the types of honey and their potential for neuroprotection from the articles compiled.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/7/1558'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-01558/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-01558-g003-550.jpg?1679559438" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Chemical structures of the compounds from honey studied for anti-neurodegenerative properties.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/7/1558'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nutrients/nutrients-15-01558/article_deploy/html/images/nutrients-15-01558-g004-550.jpg?1679559443" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Highlighted polyphenols in honey and their potential for neuroprotection.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-6643/15/7/1558'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="row footer"> <div class="listing-select-options"> <div class="columns 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Nutrients | Special Issue : Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease