CINXE.COM
Table of contents | Practical Neurology
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" version="HTML+RDFa+MathML 1.1" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <!--[if IE]><![endif]--> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://pn.bmj.com/sites/default/themes/bmjj/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];window.dataLayer.push({"page":{"hwTitle":"Practical Neurology: 9 (5)","hwUrl":"https://pn.bmj.com/content/9/5","hwPath":"/content/9/5","hwType":"toc page"},"user":{"hwMemberID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitution":"","hwAccessUsageTerms":"guest","hwRegisteredUser":"no","hwHasFullTextAccess":"no","hwEntitled":"no","mail":"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855"},"content":{"hwIssueDate":"2009-10-01","hwIssueDateTime":"2009-10-01 00:00:00","hwPublicationDate":"2017-01-25","hwPublicationDateTime":"2017-01-25 23:25:06","hwDOI":"","hwAuthors":"","hwContributors":"","hwIsEarlyRelease":"no","hwEissn":"1474-7766","hwPissn":"1474-7758","hwVolume":"9","hwIssue":"5","hwArticleType":"","hwTabView":"main_tab","hwViewType":"","hwAccessType":"Paywall","hwOpenAccess":"no","hwFreeAccess":"no","hwTaxonomy":"","hwCorpusCode":"practneurol","hwType":"issue","hwSubtitle":null,"hwOverline":"","hwPisaId":"practneurol;9/5","hwFirstPage":"253","hwLastPage":"310","hwIsLatestVersion":"na","hwIsCurrentIssue":"no","hwIsOpenIssue":"no","hwHasFullText":"no","hwHasPDF":"no","hwParentTitle":"9","hwElectronicPubDate":"2017-01-25","hwElectronicPubDateTime":"2017-01-25 23:25:06"}}); //--><!]]></script> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pn.bmj.com/content/9/5" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Table of Contents (PDF)" href="/content/9/5.toc.pdf" /> <meta name="issue_cover_image" content="https://pn.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/practneurol/9/5.cover.gif" /> <meta name="type" content="issue" /> <meta name="HW.identifier" content="/practneurol/9/5.atom" /> <meta name="HW.pisa" content="practneurol;9/5" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Practical Neurology: 9 (5)" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="2009-10-01" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="BMJ Publishing Group Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Practical Neurology" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="BMJ Publishing Group Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Practical Neurology: 9 (5)" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2009/10/01" /> <meta name="citation_mjid" content="practneurol;9/5" /> <meta name="citation_id" content="9/5" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1474-7758" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1474-7766" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="9" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="5" /> <meta name="citation_image" content="https://pn.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/practneurol/9/5.cover.gif" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Practical Neurology: 9 (5)" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://pn.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/practneurol/9/5.cover.gif" /> <meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Practical Neurology: 9 (5)" /> <meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="https://pn.bmj.com/content/9/5" /> <meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="Practical Neurology" /> <meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="" /> <meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="https://pn.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/practneurol/9/5.cover.gif" /> <title>Table of contents | Practical Neurology</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__REIginv_hh_-lZwQOXf4Qwg-32Vs_HBim5YZfArk4xE__vGOT1HvF94p0Zr638t6TGUZiznTOw3KBg7XS5FT97ps__dGRtyN8GJBuhBvXCmXEhVK4mGQl3ZIewHeJUeSvfyQ0.css" media="all" /> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start --> <script src="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="565e50dd-f6e9-46d6-91cd-5c40a270264f"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OnetrustAdsConsent(){ if(googletag.apiReady){ //console.log("GoogleTag API ready") googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); if(OptanonActiveGroups.match(/,4,/)){ googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(0); //googletag.pubads().refresh(); } else{ googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(1); googletag.pubads().refresh(); } } else{ OnetrustAdsConsent(); } } function OptanonWrapper() { OnetrustAdsConsent(); } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__DdxPgqGimsdUot2QWNz_pGsHzqNGpx6RMCWHpL8YWkg__c6zfK6oHHbLpTal5PdQxeQI3xGoCM8IXWtEHwIZr560__dGRtyN8GJBuhBvXCmXEhVK4mGQl3ZIewHeJUeSvfyQ0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__5zaFzZFW0O1d7REU7G-YUUyGW1m0t2iN5dfB7XKUN_8__-mp2DLpsNGHDqFqVLRefdY9B7FDUylXh4k_LIAv1Npo__dGRtyN8GJBuhBvXCmXEhVK4mGQl3ZIewHeJUeSvfyQ0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" async="async" src="//cdn.foxycart.com/bmjpg.ecommerce.highwire.org/loader.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- /*! * yepnope1.5.4 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2 */ (function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)j=a[i],e(j)?g(j,0,l,0):w(j)?B(j):Object(j)===j&&h(j,l);else Object(a)===a&&h(a,l)},B.addPrefix=function(a,b){z[a]=b},B.addFilter=function(a){x.push(a)},B.errorTimeout=1e4,null==b.readyState&&b.addEventListener&&(b.readyState="loading",b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A=function(){b.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A,0),b.readyState="complete"},0)),a.yepnope=k(),a.yepnope.executeStack=h,a.yepnope.injectJs=function(a,c,d,e,i,j){var k=b.createElement("script"),l,o,e=e||B.errorTimeout;k.src=a;for(o in d)k.setAttribute(o,d[o]);c=j?h:c||f,k.onreadystatechange=k.onload=function(){!l&&g(k.readyState)&&(l=1,c(),k.onload=k.onreadystatechange=null)},m(function(){l||(l=1,c(1))},e),i?k.onload():n.parentNode.insertBefore(k,n)},a.yepnope.injectCss=function(a,c,d,e,g,i){var e=b.createElement("link"),j,c=i?h:c||f;e.href=a,e.rel="stylesheet",e.type="text/css";for(j in d)e.setAttribute(j,d[j]);g||(n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n),m(c,0))}})(this,document); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- yepnope({ test: Modernizr.matchmedia, nope: '/sites/all/libraries/media-match/media.match.min.js' }); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- ;var googletag=googletag||{};googletag.cmd=googletag.cmd||[];googletag.slots=googletag.slots||{}; //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- googletag.slots["top"] = googletag.defineSlot("/21798771943/PN-TOP", [[970, 250], [900, 250], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], "dfp-ad-top") .addService(googletag.pubads()); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- googletag.slots["bottom"] = googletag.defineSlot("/21798771943/PN-BOTTOM", [[970, 250], [900, 250], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], "dfp-ad-bottom") .addService(googletag.pubads()); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded", function (event) { if (event.isEmpty) { var id = event.slot.getSlotElementId(); var x = document.getElementById(id); if (x.parentElement.classList.contains("dfp-tag-wrapper")) { x.parentElement.style.display = "none"; } } }); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("url", "/content/9/5"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwTitle", "Practical Neurology: 9 (5)"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwUrl", "https://pn.bmj.com/content/9/5"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwPath", "/content/9/5"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwType", "toc page"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwAccessUsageTerms", "guest"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwRegisteredUser", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwHasFullTextAccess", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwEntitled", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDate", "2009-10-01"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDateTime", "2009-10-01 00:00:00"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDate", "2017-01-25"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDateTime", "2017-01-25 23:25:06"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsEarlyRelease", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwEissn", "1474-7766"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPissn", "1474-7758"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwVolume", "9"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssue", "5"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwTabView", "main_tab"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwAccessType", "Paywall"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwOpenAccess", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFreeAccess", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwCorpusCode", "practneurol"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwType", "issue"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPisaId", "practneurol;9/5"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFirstPage", "253"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwLastPage", "310"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsLatestVersion", "na"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsCurrentIssue", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsOpenIssue", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasFullText", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasPDF", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwParentTitle", "9"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDate", "2017-01-25"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDateTime", "2017-01-25 23:25:06"); }); googletag.enableServices(); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"bmjj","theme_token":"iWPR38RHCXB4blQidZE-ZxEOXMGFo4jhd0u-xaDb17s"},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"highwire":{"nid":"135505","apath":"\/practneurol\/9\/5.atom","pisa":"practneurol;9\/5","ac":{"\/practneurol\/9\/5.atom":{"access":{"toc":true},"pisa_id":"","apath":"\/practneurol\/9\/5.atom","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/253":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/253","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/254":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/254","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/256":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/256","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/268":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/268","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/278":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/278","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/284":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/284","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/289":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/289","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/292":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/292","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/294":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/294","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/298":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/298","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/302":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/302","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/303":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/303","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"},"practneurol;9\/5\/310":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"practneurol;9\/5\/310","apath":"","jcode":"practneurol"}},"markup":[{"requested":"toc","variant":"toc","view":"toc","pisa":"practneurol;9\/5"}],"dataLayer":"{\u0022page\u0022:{\u0022hwTitle\u0022:\u0022Practical Neurology: 9 (5)\u0022,\u0022hwUrl\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/pn.bmj.com\\\/content\\\/9\\\/5\u0022,\u0022hwPath\u0022:\u0022\\\/content\\\/9\\\/5\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022toc page\u0022},\u0022user\u0022:{\u0022hwMemberID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitution\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessUsageTerms\u0022:\u0022guest\u0022,\u0022hwRegisteredUser\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullTextAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEntitled\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022mail\u0022:\u0022e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855\u0022},\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022hwIssueDate\u0022:\u00222009-10-01\u0022,\u0022hwIssueDateTime\u0022:\u00222009-10-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDate\u0022:\u00222017-01-25\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDateTime\u0022:\u00222017-01-25 23:25:06\u0022,\u0022hwDOI\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAuthors\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwContributors\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwIsEarlyRelease\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEissn\u0022:\u00221474-7766\u0022,\u0022hwPissn\u0022:\u00221474-7758\u0022,\u0022hwVolume\u0022:\u00229\u0022,\u0022hwIssue\u0022:\u00225\u0022,\u0022hwArticleType\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwTabView\u0022:\u0022main_tab\u0022,\u0022hwViewType\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessType\u0022:\u0022Paywall\u0022,\u0022hwOpenAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwFreeAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwTaxonomy\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwCorpusCode\u0022:\u0022practneurol\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022issue\u0022,\u0022hwSubtitle\u0022:null,\u0022hwOverline\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwPisaId\u0022:\u0022practneurol;9\\\/5\u0022,\u0022hwFirstPage\u0022:\u0022253\u0022,\u0022hwLastPage\u0022:\u0022310\u0022,\u0022hwIsLatestVersion\u0022:\u0022na\u0022,\u0022hwIsCurrentIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwIsOpenIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullText\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasPDF\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwParentTitle\u0022:\u00229\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDate\u0022:\u00222017-01-25\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDateTime\u0022:\u00222017-01-25 23:25:06\u0022}}"},"user_uid":0,"customer_email":"","cartstack_siteid":"","foxycart_subdomain":"bmjpg.ecommerce.highwire.org","foxycart_always_show_cart_link":1,"hw_fc_cookie_domain":".bmj.com","jcarousel":{"ajaxPath":"\/jcarousel\/ajax\/views"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/content\/9\/5":true},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 1024px) and (min-device-width: 1024px), all (max-width: 1220px) and (max-device-width: 1220px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}}}); //--><!]]> </script> <!--[if lt IE 10]><script src="https://pn.bmj.com/sites/all/themes/highwire/axon/js/media.match.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 9]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/sites/default/themes/bmjj/css/theme/ie-7-8.css" /><![endif]--> <script> let cookies = parseCookies(); let bmj_uuid = cookies.bmj_uuid; let bmj_ppid = cookies.bmj_ppid; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; const anonMailId = 'e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855'; function checkUserLoginStatus(dataLayer) { const userMail = dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail; if (!userMail) { return false; } return userMail !== anonMailId; } let nonAnonMailId = ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail) === anonMailId ? null : (dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail; let userId = ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.['data-ics']) ?? ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail && nonAnonMailId) ?? bmj_ppid ?? bmj_uuid; document.cookie = 'bmj_ppid=' + userId + '; domain=.bmj.com; path=/; max-age=31622400; SameSite=None; Secure'; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setPublisherProvidedId(userId); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("islogged", checkUserLoginStatus(dataLayer) ? "true" : "false"); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.dataLayer.push({ 'bmj_uuid': bmj_uuid }); </script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-135505 node-type-highwire-issue"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TTCWHM" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TTCWHM');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="page" id="page"> <section class="container-fluid content-header"> <header role="banner" class="section section-header row"> <div class="zone zone-superheader"> <div class="region region-superheader"> <div class="region-inner region-superheader-inner"> <div class="region region-superheader"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-uid-strng" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_uid_strng"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="dfp-ad-top-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <div id="dfp-ad-top" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dfp-ad-top"); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-superheader --> </div><!-- /.zone-super-header --> <div class="site-info mobile-hidden"> </div><!-- /.site-info --> <div class="zone zone-header row mobile-hidden"> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="region-inner region-header-inner"> </div> </div><!-- ./region-header --> </div><!-- /.zone-header --> </header> <!-- /.section-header --> <section class="row visible-sm visible-md visible-lg header header-platform mobile-hidden"> <div class="col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-large-3 logo-bmj"> <div class="l-inline"> <p class="logo-bmj-journals"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/" title="BMJ Journals"><img src="/sites/default/themes/bmjj/img/logos/logo-bmj-journals.svg" title="BMJ Journals" alt="BMJ Journals"/></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-narrow-9 col-normal-9 col-large-9 no-right-padding"> <div class="region region-top"> <div class="region-inner"> <div class="region region-platmenu"> <div id="block-menu-menu-platform-menu" class="block block-menu" class="block block-menu"> <div class="content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/subscribe" data-hide-link-title="0" class="header-subscribe-link" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/" id="menu-login" class="drop-menu link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Log In</span> <span class="icon icon-arrow-down"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|challenge_opportunity_pane_dropdown" id="<front>-drop-link-728" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-challenge-opportunity-pane-dropdown" class="block block-panels-mini article-login bmjj-login" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-challenge_opportunity_pane_dropdown"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-society-logins society-logins" > <div class="pane-content"> <span class="ui-button ui-state-default ui-dialog-titlebar-close" title="close"></span><div class="shib-login-link"><a href="/login/shibboleth?subcode=bmjjournals&env=prod&uri=https%3A//pn.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252F9%25252F5" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via Institution</a></div><div class="openathens-login-link"><a href="https://openathens-sp.highwire.org/session/init?entityID=https%3A//idp.eduserv.org.uk/openathens&hw-shib-return-uri=https%3A//pn.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252F9%25252F5&subcode=bmjjournals" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via OpenAthens</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-opportunity-challenge" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='opportunity-challenge-login'><h3>Log in using your username and password</h3><div class="drupal-login compact"><form action="/content/9/5" method="post" id="highwire-user-login--2" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-customtext--2" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <span class="customtext">For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts</span> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-name"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-name--2">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Username" type="text" id="edit-name--2" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-password form-item-pass"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-pass--2">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Password" type="password" id="edit-pass--2" name="pass" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text required" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-x-6AfHldTDXj3znDZ_3nIUH1-ipmEAskvhiarSTCoAU" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_user_login" /> <div class="bmjj-reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot your log in details?</a><a href="/user/register?destination=node/135505" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Register a new account?</a></div><div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Log in" class="form-submit" /></div><div class="reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot</a> your user name or password?</div></div></form></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cart" class="link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Basket</span> <span class="icon icon-basket"></span></a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/search" id="menu-search" class="drop-menu link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Search</span> <span class="icon icon-search"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|jnl_template_bmjj_search_box" id="search-drop-link-729" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-search-box" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_search_box-1"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch block-search pull-left" > <div class="pane-content"> <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/9/5" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-1" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords"> <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_2129486148">Search for this keyword </label> <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_2129486148" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_420378319" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-sgnAmNsmlXUT_6EX4BeRHgre8vtjUdM8JnXsAMg3AHc" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_1" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-3 pull-right advanced-search-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/search">Advanced search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-top --> </div> </section> <div class="row header header-journal"> <div class="col-mobile-7 col-narrow-2 col-normal-4 logo-journal"> <a href="/"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/journal-logos/logo-pn.svg" alt="Practical Neurology" id="logo-img"></a> </div> <div class="col-mobile-5 col-narrow-10 col-normal-8 no-right-padding nav-journal"> <div class="region region-journmenu"> <div id="block-system-main-menu" class="block block-system mobile-hidden block-menu" class="block block-system mobile-hidden block-menu"> <div class="content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/content/by/year" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">For authors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://pnbmj.podbean.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-panels-mini-mobile-slide-out-menu" class="block block-panels-mini mobile-only" class="block block-panels-mini mobile-only"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-mobile_slide_out_menu"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div id="" class="highwire-responsive-toggle-group"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-template-bmjj-search-box" > <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-search"></span></h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_search_box"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch block-search pull-left" > <div class="pane-content"> <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/9/5" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-0" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords"> <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1295306284">Search for this keyword </label> <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1295306284" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_1162524245" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-1Ah53XZRvqqLNOlxIp58Ut2PDiOTYd70P7V4gRcycoY" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_0" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-2 pull-right advanced-search-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/search">Advanced search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-menu-mobile-slideout-menu pane-menu" > <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-menu"></span></h2> <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/" class="menu-close link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-close"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Close</span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|mobile_slide_out_autobot_menu" id="<front>-drop-link-781" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-mobile-slide-out-autobot-menu" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-mobile_slide_out_autobot_menu"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-main-menu" > <h2 class="pane-title">Main menu</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-main-menu-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-main-menu:0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15394"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15395"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15396"><a href="/content/by/year" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15397"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">For authors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15398"><a href="https://pnbmj.podbean.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15399"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/subscribe" data-hide-link-title="0" class="callout-link" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/" class="mobile-drop-down callout-link link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Log in</span> <span class="icon icon-plus"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|jnl_template_bmjj_login" id="<front>-drop-link-780" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-login" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_login"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-society-logins society-logins opportunity-challenge-login" > <div class="pane-content"> <span class="ui-button ui-state-default ui-dialog-titlebar-close" title="close"></span><div class="shib-login-link"><a href="/login/shibboleth?subcode=bmjjournals&env=prod&uri=https%3A//pn.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252F9%25252F5" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via Institution</a></div><div class="openathens-login-link"><a href="https://openathens-sp.highwire.org/session/init?entityID=https%3A//idp.eduserv.org.uk/openathens&hw-shib-return-uri=https%3A//pn.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252F9%25252F5&subcode=bmjjournals" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via OpenAthens</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-opportunity-challenge" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='opportunity-challenge-login'><h3>Log in using your username and password</h3><div class="drupal-login compact"><form action="/content/9/5" method="post" id="highwire-user-login" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-customtext" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <span class="customtext">For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts</span> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-name"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-name">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Username" type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-password form-item-pass"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-pass">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Password" type="password" id="edit-pass" name="pass" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text required" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-SD2tzG2uDuW6YTU5Qr_pU5KV91ttB8qRUvix3tDBYdM" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_user_login" /> <div class="bmjj-reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot your log in details?</a><a href="/user/register?destination=node/135505" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Register a new account?</a></div><div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Log in" class="form-submit" /></div><div class="reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot</a> your user name or password?</div></div></form></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="bmj-link" data-icon-position="">BMJ Journals</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-top --> </div> </section> <section role="main" class="section section-content container-fluid"> <div class="crumb-navigation"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-9 col-normal-9 col-wide-10 breadcrumbs"> <h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="item-list"><ul class="breadcrumb"><li class="first"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li> <li>Table of contents</li> <li class="last"><span class="active">Table of contents</span></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="mobile-hidden col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-2 email-alerts"> <span> <a href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&corpusCode=practneurol&fwdUrl=https://pn.bmj.com/" class="email-alerts-label"><i class="icon icon-article-alerts"></i>Email alerts</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="zone zone-content row"> <div class="region region-content col-narrow-12"> <div class="region-inner region-content-inner"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display two-layout " > <div class="panel-row-wrapper panel-row-first row"> <div class="top-wrapper col-narrow-12"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-top"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-page-title col-normal-push-2 col-narrow-push-2" > <div class="pane-content"> <h1 id="page-title">Table of contents</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> <div class="panel-row-wrapper row relative" id="toc-top"> <div class="left-wrapper col-narrow-2 col-normal-2 col-mobile-6"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-left"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager toc-issue-pager toc-issue-pager-prev" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-issue-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/9/4" title="Practical Neurology: 9 (4)" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon"><span class="icon icon-arrow-left"></span> <span class="title">Prev issue</span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/9/6" title="Practical Neurology: 9 (6)" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon "></span></a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-narrow-2 col-normal-2 col-mobile-6 pull-right"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-right"> <div class="inside" id="back-top-inner"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager pull-right toc-issue-pager toc-issue-pager-next" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-issue-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/9/4" title="Practical Neurology: 9 (4)" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon "></span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/9/6" title="Practical Neurology: 9 (6)" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Next issue</span> <span class="icon icon-arrow-right"></span></a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right-wrapper col-narrow-8 col-normal-8 col-mobile-12 toc-pane"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-main"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1 pane-page-title-suffix" > <div class="pane-content"> <h3>October 2009 - Volume 9 - 5</h3> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-template-bmjj-iss-issue pane-style-alt-content" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display two-layout " id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_iss_issue"> <div class="panel-row-wrapper row"> <div class="left-wrapper col-mobile-4 col-narrow-3 col-normal-2"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-left"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-issue-cover" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class = "cover-issue"><div class = "cover-issue-image"><a href="/content/9/5.cover-expansion" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="https://pn.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/practneurol/9/5.cover.gif?itok=FLafpU9b" alt="Practical Neurology: 9 (5)" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right-wrapper col-mobile-8 col-narrow-9 col-normal-10"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-right"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-toc-sections" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-list-wrapper highwire-toc-sections-nav"><div class="highwire-list"><ul><li class="first odd"><a href="/content/9/5#Editorschoice" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editor’s choice</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/9/5#Editorial" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorial</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/9/5#Reviews" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Reviews</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/9/5#Howtounderstandit" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">How to understand it</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/9/5#Adifficultcase" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">A difficult case</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/9/5#Meandmyneurologicalillness" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Me and my neurological illness</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/9/5#Avisitthatchangedmypractice" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">A visit that changed my practice</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/9/5#Testyourself" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Test yourself</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/9/5#Neurologicalletterfrom" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Neurological letter from…</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/9/5#Letter" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Letter</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/9/5#Neurologyinpractice" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Neurology in practice</a></li><li class="last even"><a href="/content/9/5#Carphology" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Carphology</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-markup" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-markup"><div class="issue-toc"><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-editorrsquos-choice"><h2 id="Editorschoice" class="toc-heading editorrsquos-choice">Editor’s choice</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136104" data-node-nid="136104" id="node-136104--2637855423" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/253" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/253" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/253.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/253" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Editor’s choice</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/253" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/253.atom" data-request-view="full"><span class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-user-access user-access bmjj-free bmjj-free-access bmjj-access-tag" title="You have access">Free</span></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Charles</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Warlow</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-editorial"><h2 id="Editorial" class="toc-heading editorial">Editorial</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136111" data-node-nid="136111" id="node-136111--2692997230" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/254" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/254" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/254.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/254" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">DWA (down with abbreviations!)</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/254" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/254.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Charles</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Warlow</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-reviews"><h2 id="Reviews" class="toc-heading reviews">Reviews</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136122" data-node-nid="136122" id="node-136122--27585794" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/256" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/256" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/256.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/256" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/256" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/256.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Anne</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ducros</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marie-Germaine</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bousser</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="last even toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136128" data-node-nid="136128" id="node-136128--2631057390" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/268" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/268" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/268.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/268" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Treating women with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/268" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/268.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">John J</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Craig</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Stephen J</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hunt</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-how-to-understand-it"><h2 id="Howtounderstandit" class="toc-heading how-to-understand-it">How to understand it</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136132" data-node-nid="136132" id="node-136132--2176857509" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/278" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/278" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/278.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/278" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">NICE and neurology</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/278" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/278.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">David</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chadwick</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-a-difficult-case"><h2 id="Adifficultcase" class="toc-heading a-difficult-case">A difficult case</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136136" data-node-nid="136136" id="node-136136--21709674509" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/284" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/284" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/284.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/284" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">An error of self-diagnosis—but what was the real diagnosis?</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/284" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/284.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Mamede</span> <span class="nlm-surname">de Carvalho</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Michael</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Swash</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-me-and-my-neurological-illness"><h2 id="Meandmyneurologicalillness" class="toc-heading me-and-my-neurological-illness">Me and my neurological illness</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136140" data-node-nid="136140" id="node-136140--2269558124" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/289" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/289" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/289.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/289" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Miller Fisher syndrome</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/289" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/289.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Martin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schabet</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-a-visit-that-changed-my-practice"><h2 id="Avisitthatchangedmypractice" class="toc-heading a-visit-that-changed-my-practice">A visit that changed my practice</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136148" data-node-nid="136148" id="node-136148--22035089355" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/292" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/292" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/292.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/292" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">From Perugia to Oxford in 1984</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/292" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/292.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Stefano</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ricci</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-test-yourself"><h2 id="Testyourself" class="toc-heading test-yourself">Test yourself</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136159" data-node-nid="136159" id="node-136159--21860072258" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/294" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/294" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/294.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/294" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Thunderclap headache</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/294" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/294.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Niraj</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mistry</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Liberty</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mathew</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Allyson</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Parry</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-neurological-letter-fromhellip"><h2 id="Neurologicalletterfrom" class="toc-heading neurological-letter-fromhellip">Neurological letter from…</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136171" data-node-nid="136171" id="node-136171--2875435781" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/298" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/298" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/298.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/298" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Austria</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/298" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/298.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">W</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Poewe</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">E</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Auff</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">F</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fazekas</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-letter"><h2 id="Letter" class="toc-heading letter">Letter</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136180" data-node-nid="136180" id="node-136180--21060890946" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/302" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/302" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/302.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/302" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">The current status of “Fahr’s disease” nosology</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/302" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/302.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J R M</span> <span class="nlm-surname">de Oliveira</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">M F</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Oliveira</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">R R</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lemos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M L</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Oliveira</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-neurology-in-practice"><h2 id="Neurologyinpractice" class="toc-heading neurology-in-practice">Neurology in practice</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136189" data-node-nid="136189" id="node-136189--2894849765" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/303" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/303" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/303.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/303" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title title-with-subtitle">Motor neuron disease</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/303" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/303.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kevin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Talbot</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-carphology"><h2 id="Carphology" class="toc-heading carphology">Carphology</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node136194" data-node-nid="136194" id="node-136194--2816008975" data-pisa="practneurol;9/5/310" data-pisa-master="practneurol;9/5/310" data-apath="/practneurol/9/5/310.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/9/5/310" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Carphology by A Fo Ben</span></a> (17 September, 2009) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="practneurol;9/5/310" data-atom-uri="/practneurol/9/5/310.atom" data-request-view="full"><span class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-user-access user-access bmjj-free bmjj-free-access bmjj-access-tag" title="You have access">Free</span></span></span> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-list" id="issue-information"> <h2 class="pane-title">Issue Information</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="links variants-list inline"><li class="tocpdf first"><a href="/content/9/5.toc.pdf" class="highwire-variant-link variant-tocpdf " title="Table of Contents (PDF)" rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Table of Contents (PDF) </a></li> <li class="cover-expansion"><a href="/content/9/5.cover-expansion" class="highwire-variant-link variant-cover-expansion " title="Front Cover" rel="alternate" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Front Cover </a></li> <li class="enclosure-front-matter last"><a href="/content/practneurol/9/5/local/front-matter.pdf" class="highwire-variant-link variant-enclosure" title="Front Matter (PDF)" rel="alternative" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Front Matter (PDF)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-modal-cover-expansion" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="cover-expansion-loaded" title="Cover image"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-content --> </div><!-- /.zone-content --> </div><!-- /.container --> </section> <!-- /.section-content --> </div> <!-- /.page --> <footer role="contentinfo" class="section section-footer container-fluid" id="footer"> <section role="contentinfo" class="section section-footer"> <div class="zone zone-footer footer-links"> <nav class="row"> <div class="region region-footerlinks1"> <div id="block-menu-block-1" class="block block-menu-block" class="block block-menu-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-1 menu-name-menu-footer-menu-1 parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded menu-mlid-15400 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Content</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15401"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15402"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15403"><a href="/content/by/year" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15404"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/browse-by-topic/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Browse by collection</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15405"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/most-read-articles/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Most read articles</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15406"><a href="https://pn.bmj.com/pages/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/02/PN_curriculum_060217.pdf" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Curriculum Index</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15407"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/eletters" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Responses</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-15408 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Journal</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15409"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15410"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/editorial-board/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorial board</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15411"><a href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&corpusCode=practneurol&fwdUrl=https://pn.bmj.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Sign up for email alerts</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15412"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/site/subscribe/?pn" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15413"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/thank-you-to-our-reviewers/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Thank you to our reviewers</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-15414 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Authors</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15415"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Instructions for authors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15416"><a href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pn" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Submit an article</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15417"><a href="http://authors.bmj.com/policies/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorial policies</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15418"><a href="http://openaccess.bmj.com/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Open Access at BMJ</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15419"><a href="http://authors.bmj.com/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">BMJ Author Hub</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-15420 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Help</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15421"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/contact-us/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Contact us</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15422"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Reprints</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15423"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Permissions</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15424"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/advertising-sponsorship/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Advertising</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15425"><a href="http://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/customerservice/salesforce-form.html" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback form</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="row"> <nav class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"> <div class="region region-footersocial"> <div id="block-panels-mini-social-icons" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-social_icons"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-social-icons" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="leaf"><a href="http://pn.bmj.com/pages/rss-feeds" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-rss"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> RSS</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="https://twitter.com/practicalneurol" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-twitter"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Twitter</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/JNNP.BMJ" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-facebook"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Facebook</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="http://blogs.bmj.com/jnnp/" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-blog"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Blog</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-soundcloud"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> SoundCloud</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </section><!-- /.section-footer --> <section class="row footer-platform"> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-4 logoBMJ"> <a href="http://www.bmj.com/company"><svg class="logo-bmj-svg" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#logo-bmj"></use><svg></svg></svg></a> </div> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-8 legal"> <div class="legal-inner"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/">Website Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/your-privacy/">Privacy & Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/">Contact BMJ</a></li> </ul> <!-- CookiePro Cookies Settings button start --> <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button> <!-- CookiePro Cookies Settings button end --> <p><small><span class="online-issn issn">Online ISSN: 1474-7766</span><span class="print-issn issn">Print ISSN: 1474-7758</span></small><br /> <small>Copyright © 2024 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved. </small></p> </div> </div> </section> <div class="region region-absolute-bottom"> <div class="region-inner region-absolute-bottom-inner"> <div class="region region-absolute-bottom"> <div id="block-panels-mini-bottom-ad" class="block block-panels-mini text-center" class="block block-panels-mini text-center"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-bottom_ad"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="dfp-ad-bottom-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <div id="dfp-ad-bottom" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dfp-ad-bottom"); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-absolute-bottom --> </footer><!-- /.section-footer --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__YP0skVzPJ9dKCqcnBr_uNCQOmTtCs151ae6sjES8kuE__m5Ong1RMpDawRuee_CcynJS11qwEmd3rA4TYQhs8HP4__dGRtyN8GJBuhBvXCmXEhVK4mGQl3ZIewHeJUeSvfyQ0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__Jd5dsvNznZMdglFu8sSni1wCsUfzvQbApHPAZwt5TY4__65Mqa1DMRwcSvPxjJEn6BXgMm-ckF3oOvkUTG9HRADI__dGRtyN8GJBuhBvXCmXEhVK4mGQl3ZIewHeJUeSvfyQ0.js" defer="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__fUCEaCKUODF5P2WmzGzo1laxaEQ82Nl6oADDw5nONTE__bGuvhZW_EmWlwuA1fnxwF8mvZ1E1v3qbDTqQdQd0TS0__dGRtyN8GJBuhBvXCmXEhVK4mGQl3ZIewHeJUeSvfyQ0.js"></script> </body> </html>