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汞污染对土壤微生物组的长期和短期影响-北极星环境修复网

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="renderer" content="webkit"><meta name="applicable-device" content="pc"><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no, email=no"><title>汞污染对土壤微生物组的长期和短期影响-北极星环境修复网</title><meta name="Keywords" content="Hg污染水平,长期汞污染,长期汞污染土壤"><meta name="description" content="汞污染对土壤微生物组的长期和短期影响尽管汞(Hg)对环境中的生物体具有毒性,但对其对土壤微生物组的影响知之甚少,尤其是其对慢性效应的影响。在这里,我们评估了长期污染土壤中的汞对细菌和真菌群落的影响,以及从无污染到高污染的污染梯度。在微观世界"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://newsstatic.bjx.com.cn/public/a210726/bjx_mt_50_huanbao/css/details.css?_=20241118190024"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://ziyuan.baidu.com/contexts/cambrian.jsonld","@id":"https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20190629/989397.shtml","title":"汞污染对土壤微生物组的长期和短期影响","images":["https://img01.mybjx.net/news/UploadFile/201906/6369740405816960766457750.jpg"],"description":"尽管汞(Hg)对环境中的生物体具有毒性,但对其对土壤微生物组的影响知之甚少,尤其是其对慢性效应的影响。在这里,我们评估了长期污染土壤中的汞对细菌和真菌群落的影响,以及从无污染到高污染的污染梯度。在微观世界实验中进一步评估具有不同历史Hg污染水平的这些土壤中微生物群落的短期反应(30天)","pubDate":"2019-06-29T11:27:25"}</script></head><body><div style="display: none;"><img src="https://img.mybjx.net/theme/default/wap/images/share.jpg" alt="北极星"></div><div class="cc-header"><div class="box"><div class="menu"><span><i class="iconfont icon-menu"></i><s></s></span><div class="drop"><div class="category"><div><input id="tab1" type="radio" name="tab" checked="checked"><label for="tab1">新闻</label><div class="cont"><dl><dt><b><a href="javascript:;">电力</a></b><small><a href="https://www.bjx.com.cn/">北极星电力网</a></small></dt><dd><a 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class="box"><h1>汞污染对土壤微生物组的长期和短期影响</h1><p><span>2019-06-29 11:27</span><span>来源:Soil Biology and Biochemistry</span><span>作者:Beat Frey</span><span id="key_word">关键词:<em><a target="_blank" href="https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/topics/hgwuranshuiping/">Hg污染水平</a></em><em><a target="_blank" href="https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/topics/changqigongwuran/">长期汞污染</a></em><em><a target="_blank" href="https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/topics/cqgwrtr/">长期汞污染土壤</a></em></span><span><dfn class="js-collect" data-itemid="336533717"><i class="iconfont icon-star-fill"></i>收藏<var></var></dfn><dfn class="js-thumbup"><i class="iconfont icon-like-fill"></i>点赞<var></var></dfn></span></p></div></div><div class="cc-layout-3"><div class="box"><div class="left"><div class="cc-func"><div class="share"><span>分享</span><p><i class="iconfont icon-weixin"></i><i class="iconfont icon-weibo"></i><i class="iconfont icon-QQ"></i><i class="iconfont icon-qq-zone"></i></p></div><div class="subscribe"><span>订阅</span><p><i class="iconfont icon-subscribe-1-copy"></i></p></div><div class="contribute" data-link="https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20150707/639004.shtml"><span>投稿</span><p><i class="iconfont icon-tougao color"></i></p><em>我要投稿</em></div></div></div><div class="center js-detail-center"><div id="roll_news"></div><div id="article_cont"><div class="cc-article"><p>尽管汞(Hg)对环境中的生物体具有毒性,但对其对土壤微生物组的影响知之甚少,尤其是其对慢性效应的影响。在这里,我们评估了长期污染土壤中的汞对细菌和真菌群落的影响,以及从无污染到高污染的污染梯度。在微观世界实验中进一步评估具有不同历史<a target="_blank" href="https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/topics/hgwuranshuiping/">Hg污染水平</a>的这些土壤中微生物群落的短期反应(30天),其中土壤掺入或不掺入溶解的HgCl2。结果显示<a target="_blank" href="https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/topics/changqigongwuran/">长期汞污染</a>对细菌和真菌群落结构和多样性的明显影响,但仅观察到其活动(基础呼吸和生长速率)的弱影响。没有观察到Hg对微生物群落结构和活动的短期影响。来自Chthoniobacteraceae(细菌)和Trichosporon(真菌)的分类群与高Hg污染的土壤相关,这意味着它们具有耐受土壤中Hg的能力。在短期和长期暴露于汞期间,汞还原酶(merA)基因拷贝的丰度随着土壤中汞浓度的增加而增加,这表明微生物细胞内的潜在机制能够耐受土壤中较高量的汞</p><p>论文ID</p><p>原名:Long- and short-term effects of mercury pollution on the soil microbiome</p><p>译名:汞污染对土壤微生物组的长期和短期影响</p><p>期刊:Soil Biology and Biochemistry</p><p>IF:5</p><p>发表时间:2018.1</p><p>通信作者:Beat Frey</p><p>通信作者单位:Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,Switzerland</p><p><strong>实验方法</strong></p><p><strong>1.<a target="_blank" href="https://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/topics/cqgwrtr/">长期汞污染土壤</a>:现场取样</strong></p><p>在瑞典Raron镇(46°18'10.6“N,7°48'34.2”E)附近的田地中收集土壤,据报道有高汞污染。这种污染来自Grossgrundkanal,它从这条运河上游的工业废物中释放出大量的汞。然后,来自Grossgrundkanal的沉积物用于压平和改善牧场的河流土壤,并放置在这些河流土壤上。这导致沿着Grossgrundkanal的Hg污染梯度,Hg土壤浓度随着远离运河的距离而减小。沿着Hg污染梯度在3个不同水平的汞中共采集了12个土壤样品</p><p>1)高汞污染,</p><p>2)中度汞污染,</p><p>3)低汞污染。</p><p><strong>2.短期汞污染土壤:添加汞</strong></p><p>沿着Hg污染梯度在田间收集的土壤样品在掺有(+ Hg)或不含(-Hg)Hg的微观世界中孵育,以测试Hg对土壤微生物组的遗留效应。</p><p><strong>实验内容</strong></p><p><strong>1.土壤理化参数</strong></p><p>在汞高污染地点,总汞达到平均36.1±2.4 mg的Hg /g干燥土壤,在中度污染地区降低10倍,在低污染降低100倍。与总Hg相比,水中可提取的Hg相对较低;高污染和中度污染场地为0.19%,低污染场地为0.8%(自然背景)。然而,可溶性Hg在田间位点中显示出类似的降低。高污染场地比中度和大约10倍高。比低值高35倍。沿着梯度的pH值在采样区域内略微增加,但差异不显着。各站点的总C和N含量相似。然而,与中等位点相比,低污染位点的有机碳浓度较低。同样,土壤质地(即沙子,淤泥和粘土的相对含量)在低污染地点略有不同,沙子浓度较高,淤泥和粘土浓度较低。</p><p><strong>2.微生物活动和丰度</strong></p><p>与中等和低污染地点相比,基于土壤的二氧化碳排放量测量的基础呼吸在高汞污染地点倾向于增加(图1A),然而,在现场没有观察到显着差异。与对照(无Hg)土壤相比,短期(微观世界)添加Hg不影响基础呼吸,并且Hg-加量(+ Hg)的土壤显示出相似的呼吸速率(图1A)。不同地区的细菌丰度没有显着差异,但受Hg短期影响的影响,随着Hg的添加而减少(图1B)。观察到真菌丰度的类似趋势,但这些变化不明显(图1C)。沿梯度的位点之间的细菌和真菌生长速率相似(图1D和E)。在细菌或真菌生长速率中未检测到Hg的显着短期效应。</p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://img01.mybjx.net/news/UploadFile/201906/6369740405816960766457750.jpg" title="1.jpg" alt="1.jpg"/></p><p style="text-align: left;">图1:基础呼吸。(A):细菌丰度。(B):真菌丰度。(C):细菌生长和(D)真菌生长。(E)在土壤中沿着Hg污染梯度从田间(深灰色)和土壤中进行短期实验(-Hg:白色,+ Hg:浅灰色)。</p><p><strong>3.细菌和真菌的多样性</strong></p><p>检索到总共1,052,753个细菌和686044个真菌序列,并在过滤后保留466617个细菌和405327个真菌序列。在36个样品中从这些序列中回收了6939个细菌和1220个真菌OTU。三个地点的细菌和真菌群落由田间的汞污染构成,每个地点聚集在一起并相互分离(图2)。这些观察结果通过方差的排列分析得到证实。在细菌或真菌群落结构上没有观察到添加Hg的短期影响,有或没有Hg微观世界中的微生物群落结构与田间样本的群落结构聚集在一起(图2)。与低污染地点相比,高和中等污染地点的细菌和真菌丰富度(OTU数量)和香农多样性增加。在细菌或细菌或真菌多样性的微观世界中没有检测到添加Hg的短期影响。</p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://img01.mybjx.net/news/UploadFile/201906/6369740412143422625911720.png" title="2.png" alt="2.png"/></p><p style="text-align: left;">图2:来自坐标的典型分析中呈现的Hg污染梯度的取样点的细菌(A)和真菌(B)群落结构的β多样性。</p><p><strong>4.耐汞或敏感的细菌和真菌类群</strong></p><p>总共245个细菌OTU与Hg污染位点显着相关(P <0.05),其中168个与高和/或中度Hg污染位点呈正相关和63个呈负相关(图3)。然后我们将那些168个正相关的OTU视为耐Hg,将那63个负相关的OTU视为Hg敏感的。另外14个OTU被认为是“versatiles”,与Hg污染位点正相关和负相关。对Hg有反应的细菌OTU分布在不同的门中(图3),并且在Hg耐受性和它们的分类学分类之间没有观察到一般模式。大多数耐汞的OTU属于Proteobacteria(25.4%的细菌Hg耐受性OTU),Verrucomicrobia(17.1%),Planctomycetes(13.1%),Actinobacteria(3.2%)和Bacteroidetes(2.1%)。最丰富的耐Hg细菌OTU属于Rhodobiaceae(7.7%的Hg耐受性细菌OTU,图3)和Chtoniobacteroidetes(14.9%的细菌Hg耐受性OTU)。Hg敏感的细菌OTU仅代表26%的细菌OTU与高和中度汞污染的位点显著相关。</p><p>总共57个真菌OTU与Hg污染位点显着相关(p <0.05),其中50个为高(Hg-耐受),7个(Hg-敏感)与高和/或中等Hg污染位点相关(图3)。耐汞的真菌OTU属于Ascomycota门(62.1%的真菌Hg耐受性OTU)和Basidiomycota门(25.6%;图3)。在最丰富的真菌Hg耐受性OTU中,Trichosporon sp.与高度和中度汞污染的地点有关,而Inocybe sp.,Leptodontidium sp.,Phyllachoraceae和Verticillium sp.与中度汞污染场地有关(图3)。对汞敏感的真菌OTU仅占真菌OTU的12%,与高和中等汞污染的位点显着相关。然而,两个真菌OTU是丰富的,一个是Leptosphaeria sp.来自Clavipitaceae科。</p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://img01.mybjx.net/news/UploadFile/201906/6369740419884765405000207.jpg" title="3.jpg" alt="3.jpg"/></p><p style="text-align: left;">图3:Hg耐受和Hg敏感性细菌和真菌OTU的分级分类网络与中度或高度Hg污染的位点或两者显着相关(节点颜色代码)。节点对应于单个OTU,节点大小对应于每个OTU的相对丰度。1=Verticillium sp., 2=Leptodontidium sp., 3=Phyllachoraceae, 4=Trichosporon sp., 5=Inocybe sp., 6=Rhodobiaceae, 7=Chthoniobacteraceae, 8=Clavipitaceae and 9=Leptosphaeria sp.</p><p><strong>5.汞还原酶</strong></p><p>汞和土壤中的长期和短期汞污染都会增强汞还原酶基因(merA)。merA基因拷贝数的丰度在高Hg污染位点中最高,(图4A)。在短期孵育结束时添加Hg,所有位点的MerA基因拷贝平均增加2.3±0.3倍(图4A)。在merA基因拷贝与总16S rRNA基因拷贝的比例中观察到类似的增加(图4B)。</p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://img01.mybjx.net/news/UploadFile/201906/6369740422852735163933683.jpg" title="4.jpg" alt="4.jpg"/></p><p>图4:沿着来自田地的Hg污染梯度和来自土壤的土壤中每克Corg(A)和每个细菌16S基因拷贝数(B)报告的汞还原酶A(merA)基因拷贝数。</p><p><strong>结 论</strong></p><p>总体而言,这些数据显示了汞污染对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的长期影响。细菌和真菌群落均适应土壤中长期高汞浓度。在高汞污染土壤中维持高多样性,生长速率和基础呼吸至未污染土壤的水平,表明微生物群落在不降低其功能的情况下耐受高汞浓度。高汞污染土壤中微生物功能的保护速率与低汞污染土壤相同,也可能是功能冗余的结果,其中耐受类群的功能与敏感类群相同。相反,细菌和真菌群落结构,多样性和活性不受短期添加汞的影响,这意味着Hg的毒性作用在较长时间内发展或土壤微生物组对Hg的适应性较快。在与Hg短暂孵育后,汞还原酶基因(merA基因)数量的增加揭示了土壤微生物细胞迅速适应汞暴露的能力,从而消除了长期汞污染对土壤的潜在微生物遗留影响。</p><p><strong>评 论</strong></p><p>汞元素是对人体毒害最大的5种重金属之一,属于129种优先控制污染物之一。自日本水俣事件之后,人们对汞污染问题逐步重视,相关研究日益增多。环境中汞污染的来源主要有自然来源和人为来源。其中,汞的人为来源主要是汞矿开采与冶炼、混汞选金、土法冶锌、汞法制碱以及燃煤等工业活动。工业化进程中累积形成的汞污染问题逐步显现,污染事件呈多发态势,对生态环境和人类健康构成了严重威胁。由于汞及其化合物具有很强的神经毒性和致畸作用,积累效应和遗传毒性显著,可以通过呼吸、皮肤接触以及食物链等形式进入人体,对人类健康造成了极大危害。土壤汞污染是汞污染问题的重要组成部分。所以该文章的分析给我们提供了一种解决汞污染的思路。</p><p><br/></p></div></div><div class="cc-detail-contact cc-mb-36">投稿与新闻线索:电话:0335-3030550, 邮箱:huanbaowang#bjxmail.com(请将#改成@)</div><div class="cc-follow"><div class="head"><span>订阅北极星周刊,精彩内容不再错过!</span></div><div class="body"></div></div><div 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