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syncytial virus</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: respiratory syncytial virus"> <meta name="keywords" content="respiratory syncytial virus"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="respiratory syncytial virus"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1213</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: respiratory syncytial virus</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1213</span> Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) by PCR Technique in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in Babylon City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Raqib%20Shameran">Amal Raqib Shameran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanim%20Aboud%20Al-Mola"> Ghanim Aboud Al-Mola </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the major pathogens of respiratory tract infections (RTI) among infants and children in the world. They are classified in family Paramyxoviridae and sub-family Pneumovirinae. The current work aimed to detect the role of RSV in the lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Hilla, Iraq. The samples were collected from 50 children who were admitted to hospital suffering from lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). 50 nasal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from patients at the period from January 2010 till April 2011, hospitalized in Hilla Maternity and Children Hospital. The results showed that the proportion of children infected with hRSV accounted for 24% 12/50 with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) when they tested by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus" title="respiratory syncytial virus">respiratory syncytial virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20tract%20infections" title=" respiratory tract infections"> respiratory tract infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infants" title=" infants"> infants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction%20%28PCR%29" title=" polymerase chain reaction (PCR)"> polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12973/detection-of-respiratory-syncytial-virus-hrsv-by-pcr-technique-in-lower-respiratory-tract-infection-lrti-in-babylon-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1212</span> Influence of HDI in the Spread of RSV Bronchiolitis in Children Aged 0 to 2 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlo%C3%A9%20Kernal%C3%A9guen">Chloé Kernaléguen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Kundun"> Laura Kundun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tessie%20Lery"> Tessie Lery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20Laleg"> Ryan Laleg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhangyun%20Tan"> Zhangyun Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores global disparities in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis incidence among children aged 0-2 years, focusing on the human development index (HDI) as a key determinant. RSV bronchiolitis poses a significant health risk to young children, influenced by factors, including socio-economic conditions captured by the HDI. Through a comprehensive systematic review and dataset selection (Switzerland, Brazil, United States of America), we formulated an HDI-SEIRS numerical model within the SEIRS framework. Results show variations in RSV bronchiolitis dynamics across countries, emphasizing the influence of HDI. Modelling reveals a correlation between higher HDI and increased bronchiolitis spread, notably in the USA and Switzerland. The ratios HDIcountry over HDImax strengthen this association, while climate disparities contribute to variations, especially in colder climates like the USA and Switzerland. The study raises the hypothesis of an indirect link between higher HDI and more frequent bronchiolitis, underlining the need for nuanced understanding. Factors like improved healthcare access, population density, mobility, and social behaviors in higher HDI countries might contribute to unexpected trends. Limitations include dataset quality and restricted RSV bronchiolitis data. Future research should encompass diverse HDI datasets to refine HDI's role in bronchiolitis dynamics. In conclusion, HDI-SEIRS models offer insights into factors influencing RSV bronchiolitis spread. While HDI is a significant indicator, its impact is indirect, necessitating a holistic approach to effective public health policies. This analysis sets the stage for further investigations into multifaceted interactions shaping bronchiolitis dynamics in diverse socio-economic contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bronchiolitis%20propagation" title="bronchiolitis propagation">bronchiolitis propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDI%20influence" title=" HDI influence"> HDI influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus" title=" respiratory syncytial virus"> respiratory syncytial virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEIRS%20model" title=" SEIRS model"> SEIRS model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182993/influence-of-hdi-in-the-spread-of-rsv-bronchiolitis-in-children-aged-0-to-2-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1211</span> Unifying RSV Evolutionary Dynamics and Epidemiology Through Phylodynamic Analyses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydia%20Tan">Lydia Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Lemey"> Philippe Lemey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lieselot%20Houspie"> Lieselot Houspie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Viveen"> Marco Viveen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darren%20Martin"> Darren Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Coenjaerts"> Frank Coenjaerts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections in infants under the age of two. Genomic substitutions and related evolutionary dynamics of hRSV are of great influence on virus transmission behavior. The evolutionary patterns formed are due to a precarious interplay between the host immune response and RSV, thereby selecting the most viable and less immunogenic strains. Studying genomic profiles can teach us which genes and consequent proteins play an important role in RSV survival and transmission dynamics. Study design: In this study, genetic diversity and evolutionary rate analysis were conducted on 36 RSV subgroup B whole genome sequences and 37 subgroup A genome sequences. Clinical RSV isolates were obtained from nasopharyngeal aspirates and swabs of children between 2 weeks and 5 years old of age. These strains, collected during epidemic seasons from 2001 to 2011 in the Netherlands and Belgium by either conventional or 454-sequencing. Sequences were analyzed for genetic diversity, recombination events, synonymous/non-synonymous substitution ratios, epistasis, and translational consequences of mutations were mapped to known 3D protein structures. We used Bayesian statistical inference to estimate the rate of RSV genome evolution and the rate of variability across the genome. Results: The A and B profiles were described in detail and compared to each other. Overall, the majority of the whole RSV genome is highly conserved among all strains. The attachment protein G was the most variable protein and its gene had, similar to the non-coding regions in RSV, more elevated (two-fold) substitution rates than other genes. In addition, the G gene has been identified as the major target for diversifying selection. Overall, less gene and protein variability was found within RSV-B compared to RSV-A and most protein variation between the subgroups was found in the F, G, SH and M2-2 proteins. For the F protein mutations and correlated amino acid changes are largely located in the F2 ligand-binding domain. The small hydrophobic phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein are the most conserved proteins. The evolutionary rates were similar in both subgroups (A: 6.47E-04, B: 7.76E-04 substitution/site/yr), but estimates of the time to the most recent common ancestor were much lower for RSV-B (B: 19, A: 46.8 yrs), indicating that there is more turnover in this subgroup. Conclusion: This study provides a detailed description of whole RSV genome mutations, the effect on translation products and the first estimate of the RSV genome evolution tempo. The immunogenic G protein seems to require high substitution rates in order to select less immunogenic strains and other conserved proteins are most likely essential to preserve RSV viability. The resulting G gene variability makes its protein a less interesting target for RSV intervention methods. The more conserved RSV F protein with less antigenic epitope shedding is, therefore, more suitable for developing therapeutic strategies or vaccines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20target%20selection" title="drug target selection">drug target selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus" title=" respiratory syncytial virus"> respiratory syncytial virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSV" title=" RSV"> RSV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30132/unifying-rsv-evolutionary-dynamics-and-epidemiology-through-phylodynamic-analyses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1210</span> Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Influenza a(H3N2) Virus Circulating during the 2010-2011 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazanfar%20Ali">Ghazanfar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20N%20Almajhdi"> Fahad N Almajhdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study provides data on the viral diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of influenza A(H3N2) virus isolated in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Nasopharyngeal aspirates from 80 clinically infected patients in the peak of the 2010-2011 winter seasons were processed for viral diagnosis by RT-PCR. Sequencing of entire HA and NA genes of representative isolates and molecular epidemiological analysis were performed. A total of 06 patients were positive for influenza A, B and respiratory syncytial viruses by RT-PCR assays; out of these only one sample was positive for influenza A(H3N2) by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA and NA gene sequences showed identities higher than 99-98.8 % in both genes. They were also similar to reference isolates in HA sequences (99 % identity) and in NA sequences (99 % identity). Amino acid sequences predicted for the HA gene were highly identical to reference strains. The NA amino acid substitutions identified did not include the oseltamivir-resistant H275Y substitution. Conclusion: Viral isolation and RT-PCR together were useful for diagnosis of the influenza A (H3N2) virus. Variations in HA and NA sequences are similar to those identified in worldwide reference isolates and no drug resistance was found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza%20A%20%28H3N2%29" title="influenza A (H3N2)">influenza A (H3N2)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20characterization" title=" genetic characterization"> genetic characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20isolation" title=" viral isolation"> viral isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RT-PCR" title=" RT-PCR"> RT-PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia "> Saudi Arabia </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17317/molecular-characterization-and-phylogenetic-analysis-of-influenza-ah3n2-virus-circulating-during-the-2010-2011-in-riyadh-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1209</span> Changed Behavior of the Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus (Betacoronavirus) in Respiratory Epithelial Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ateeqa%20Aslam">Ateeqa Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20J.%20Nauwynck"> Hans J. Nauwynck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a betacoronavirus that has been studied in the past as a cause of vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) in young piglets (<3 weeks). Nowadays, the virus is still circulating on most farms in Belgium, but there are no descriptions anymore of VWD. Therefore, we are interested in differences between the old and new strains. We compared the replication kinetics of the old well-studied strain VW572 (1972) and the recent isolate P412 (2020) in a susceptible continuous cell line (RPD cells) and in primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs). The RPD cell line was inoculated with each PHEV strain at an m.o.i. of 1 the supernatant was collected, and the cells were fixed at different time points post-inoculation. The supernatant was titrated (extracellular virus titer), and the infected cells were revealed by immunofluorescence staining and quantitated by fluorescence microscopy. We found that VW572 replicated better in the RPD cell line at earlier time points when compared to P412. Porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoREC) were isolated, grown at air-liquid interphase in transwells and inoculated with both strains of PHEV at a virus titer of 106.6TCID50 per 200 µl either at the apical side or at the basal side of the cells. At different time points after inoculation, the transwells were fixed and stained for infected cells. VW572 preferentially infected the epithelial cells via the basolateral side of porcine nasal epithelial cells, whereas P412 preferred the apical side. These findings suggest that there has been an evolution of PHEV in its interaction with the respiratory epithelial cells. In the future, more virus strains will be enclosed and the tropism of the strains for different neuronal cell types will be examined for the change in virus neurotropism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcine%20hemagglutinating%20encephalomyelitis%20virus%20%28PHEV%29" title="porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)">porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20porcine%20respiratory%20epithelial%20cells%20%28PoRECs%29" title=" primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs)"> primary porcine respiratory epithelial cells (PoRECs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virus%20tropism" title=" virus tropism"> virus tropism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vomiting%20and%20wasting%20disease%20%28VWD%29" title=" vomiting and wasting disease (VWD)"> vomiting and wasting disease (VWD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186511/changed-behavior-of-the-porcine-hemagglutinating-encephalomyelitis-virus-betacoronavirus-in-respiratory-epithelial-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1208</span> Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/cas9-Based Lateral Flow and Fluorescence Diagnostics for Rapid Pathogen Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Osborn">Mark Osborn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas) proteins can be designed to bind specified DNA and RNA sequences and hold great promise for the accurate detection of nucleic acids for diagnostics. Commercially available reagents were integrated into a CRISPR/Cas9-based lateral flow assay that can detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequences with single-base specificity. This approach requires minimal equipment and represents a simplified platform for field-based deployment. A rapid, multiplex fluorescence CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease cleavage assay capable of detecting and differentiating SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B, and respiratory syncytial virus in a single reaction was also developed. These findings provide proof of principle for CRISPR/Cas9 point-of-care diagnosis that can detect specific SARS-CoV-2 strain(s). Further, Cas9 cleavage allows for a scalable fluorescent platform for identifying respiratory viral pathogens with overlapping symptomology. Collectively, this approach is a facile platform for diagnostics with broad application to user-defined sequence interrogation and detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRISPR%2FCas9" title="CRISPR/Cas9">CRISPR/Cas9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20flow%20assay" title=" lateral flow assay"> lateral flow assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-Co-V2" title=" SARS-Co-V2"> SARS-Co-V2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-nucleotide%20resolution" title=" single-nucleotide resolution"> single-nucleotide resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134880/clustered-regularly-interspaced-short-palindromic-repeatcas9-based-lateral-flow-and-fluorescence-diagnostics-for-rapid-pathogen-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1207</span> Genome Sequencing of Infectious Bronchitis Virus QX-Like Strain Isolated in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Suwaibah">M. Suwaibah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Tan"> S. W. Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Aiini"> I. Aiini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Yusoff"> K. Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Omar"> A. R. Omar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory diseases are the most important infectious diseases affecting poultry worldwide. One of the avian respiratory virus of global importance causing significant economic losses is Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV). The virus causes a wide spectrum disease known as Infectious Bronchitis (IB), affecting not only the respiratory system but also the kidney and the reproductive system, depending on its strain. IB and Newcastle disease are two of the most prevalent diseases affecting poultry in Malaysia. However, a study on the molecular characterization of Malaysian IBV is lacking. In this study, an IBV strain IBS130 which was isolated in 2015 was fully sequenced using next-gene sequencing approach. Sequence analysis of IBS130 based on the complete genome, polyprotein 1ab and S1 genes were compared with other IBV sequences available in Genbank, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). IBV strain IBS130 is characterised as QX-like strain based on whole genome and S1 gene sequence analysis. Comparisons of the virus with other IBV strains showed that the nucleotide identity ranged from 67% to 99.2%, depending on the region analysed. The similarity in whole genome nucleotide ranging from 84.9% to 90.7% with the least similar was from Singapore strains (84.9%) and highly similar with China QX-like strains. Meanwhile, the similarity in polyprotein 1ab ranging from 85.3% to 89.9% with the least similar to Singapore strains (85.3%) and highly similar with Mass strains from USA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20bronchitis%20virus" title="infectious bronchitis virus">infectious bronchitis virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogenetic%20analysis" title=" phylogenetic analysis"> phylogenetic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken" title=" chicken"> chicken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77254/genome-sequencing-of-infectious-bronchitis-virus-qx-like-strain-isolated-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1206</span> Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Through In Situ One-pot Electrochemical Synthesis of 3D Au-Lysate Nanocomposite Structures on Plasmonic Au Electrodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ansah%20Iris%20Baffour">Ansah Iris Baffour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Ho%20Kim"> Dong-Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Gyu%20Park"> Sung-Gyu Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is gradually shifting to an endemic phase which implies the outbreak is far from over and will be difficult to eradicate. Global cooperation has led to unified precautions that aim to suppress epidemiological spread (e.g., through travel restrictions) and reach herd immunity (through vaccinations); however, the primary strategy to restrain the spread of the virus in mass populations relies on screening protocols that enable rapid on-site diagnosis of infections. Herein, we employed surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 lysate on an Au-modified Au nanodimple(AuND)electrode. Through in situone-pot Au electrodeposition on the AuND electrode, Au-lysate nanocomposites were synthesized, generating3D internal hotspots for large SERS signal enhancements within 30 s of the deposition. The capture of lysate into newly generated plasmonic nanogaps within the nanocomposite structures enhanced metal-spike protein contact in 3D spaces and served as hotspots for sensitive detection. The limit of detection of SARS-CoV-2 lysate was 5 x 10-2 PFU/mL. Interestingly, ultrasensitive detection of the lysates of influenza A/H1N1 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was possible, but the method showed ultimate selectivity for SARS-CoV-2 in lysate solution mixtures. We investigated the practical application of the approach for rapid on-site diagnosis by detecting SARS-CoV-2 lysate spiked in normal human saliva at ultralow concentrations. The results presented demonstrate the reliability and sensitivity of the assay for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=label-free%20detection" title="label-free detection">label-free detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-CoV-2" title=" SARS-CoV-2"> SARS-CoV-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface-enhanced%20raman%20spectroscopy" title=" surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy"> surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149510/surface-enhanced-raman-spectroscopy-based-detection-of-sars-cov-2-through-in-situ-one-pot-electrochemical-synthesis-of-3d-au-lysate-nanocomposite-structures-on-plasmonic-au-electrodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1205</span> Diffraction-Based Immunosensor for Dengue NS1 Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harriet%20Jane%20R.%20Caleja">Harriet Jane R. Caleja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20I.%20Ballesteros"> Joel I. Ballesteros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20R.%20Del%20Mundo"> Florian R. Del Mundo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dengue fever belongs to the world’s major cause of death, especially in the tropical areas. In the Philippines, the number of dengue cases during the first half of 2015 amounted to more than 50,000. In 2012, the total number of cases of dengue infection reached 132,046 of which 701 patients died. Dengue Nonstructural 1 virus (Dengue NS1 virus) is a recently discovered biomarker for the early detection of dengue virus. It is present in the serum of the dengue virus infected patients even during the earliest stages prior to the formation of dengue virus antibodies. A biosensor for the dengue detection using NS1 virus was developed for faster and accurate diagnostic tool. Biotinylated anti-dengue virus NS1 was used as the receptor for dengue virus NS1. Using the Diffractive Optics Technology (dotTM) technique, real time binding of the NS1 virus to the biotinylated anti-NS1 antibody is observed. The dot®-Avidin sensor recognizes the biotinylated anti-NS1 and this served as the capture molecule to the analyte, NS1 virus. The increase in the signal of the diffractive intensity signifies the binding of the capture and the analyte. The LOD was found to be 3.87 ng/mL while the LOQ is 12.9 ng/mL. The developed biosensor was also found to be specific for the NS1 virus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avidin-biotin" title="avidin-biotin">avidin-biotin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffractive%20optics%20technology" title=" diffractive optics technology"> diffractive optics technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunosensor" title=" immunosensor"> immunosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NS1" title=" NS1"> NS1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38525/diffraction-based-immunosensor-for-dengue-ns1-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1204</span> A Comparative Study of Virus Detection Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Al%20amro">Sulaiman Al amro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alkhalifah"> Ali Alkhalifah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing number of computer viruses and the detection of zero day malware have been the concern for security researchers for a large period of time. Existing antivirus products (AVs) rely on detecting virus signatures which do not provide a full solution to the problems associated with these viruses. The use of logic formulae to model the behaviour of viruses is one of the most encouraging recent developments in virus research, which provides alternatives to classic virus detection methods. In this paper, we proposed a comparative study about different virus detection techniques. This paper provides the advantages and drawbacks of different detection techniques. Different techniques will be used in this paper to provide a discussion about what technique is more effective to detect computer viruses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20viruses" title="computer viruses">computer viruses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virus%20detection" title=" virus detection"> virus detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature-based" title=" signature-based"> signature-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour-based" title=" behaviour-based"> behaviour-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristic-based" title=" heuristic-based "> heuristic-based </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28688/a-comparative-study-of-virus-detection-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1203</span> Respiratory Indices and Sports Performance: A Comparision between Different Levels Basketballers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjan%20Chakravarty">Ranjan Chakravarty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satpal%20Yadav"> Satpal Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswajit%20Basumatary"> Biswajit Basumatary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20S.%20Sajwan"> Arvind S. Sajwan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to compare the basketball players of different level on selected respiratory indices. Ninety male basketball players from different universities those who participated in intercollegiate and inter- varsity championship. Selected respiratory indices were resting pulse rate, resting blood pressure, vital capacity and resting respiratory rate. Mean and standard deviation of selected respiratory indices were calculated and three different levels i.e. beginners, intermediate and advanced were compared by using analysis of variance. In order to test the hypothesis, level of significance was set at 0.05. It was concluded that variability does not exist among the basketball players of different groups with respect to their selected respiratory indices i.e. resting pulse rate, resting blood pressure, vital capacity and resting respiratory rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20indices" title="respiratory indices">respiratory indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20performance" title=" sports performance"> sports performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basketball%20players" title=" basketball players"> basketball players</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervarsity%20level" title=" intervarsity level"> intervarsity level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44887/respiratory-indices-and-sports-performance-a-comparision-between-different-levels-basketballers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1202</span> Molecular Detection and Characterization of Infectious Bronchitis Virus from Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulwahab%20Kammon">Abdulwahab Kammon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tan%20Sheau%20Wei"> Tan Sheau Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rahman%20Omar"> Abdul Rahman Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdunaser%20Dayhum"> Abdunaser Dayhum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Eldghayes"> Ibrahim Eldghayes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monier%20Sharif"> Monier Sharif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a very dynamic and evolving virus which causing major economic losses to the global poultry industry. Recently, the Libyan poultry industry faced severe outbreak of respiratory distress associated with high mortality and dramatic drop in egg production. Tracheal and cloacal swabs were analyzed for several poultry viruses. IBV was detected using SYBR Green I real-time PCR detection based on the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Sequence analysis of the partial N gene indicated high similarity (~ 94%) to IBV strain 3382/06 that was isolated from Taiwan. Even though the IBV strain 3382/06 is more similar to that of the Mass type H120, the isolate has been implicated associated with intertypic recombinant of 3 putative parental IBV strains namely H120, Taiwan strain 1171/92 and China strain CK/CH/LDL/97I. Complete sequencing and antigenicity studies of the Libya IBV strains are currently underway to determine the evolution of the virus and its importance in vaccine induced immunity. In this paper, we documented for the first time the presence of possibly variant IBV strain from Libya which required a dramatic change in the vaccination program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20bronchitis" title=" infectious bronchitis"> infectious bronchitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20characterization" title=" molecular characterization"> molecular characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viruses" title=" viruses"> viruses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccine" title=" vaccine "> vaccine </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3241/molecular-detection-and-characterization-of-infectious-bronchitis-virus-from-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1201</span> Zika Virus NS5 Protein Potential Inhibitors: An Enhanced in silico Approach in Drug Discovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pritika%20Ramharack">Pritika Ramharack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20E.%20S.%20Soliman"> Mahmoud E. S. Soliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The re-emerging Zika virus is an arthropod-borne virus that has been described to have explosive potential as a worldwide pandemic. The initial transmission of the virus was through a mosquito vector, however, evolving modes of transmission has allowed the spread of the disease over continents. The virus already been linked to irreversible chronic central nervous system (CNS) conditions. The concerns of the scientific and clinical community are the consequences of Zika viral mutations, thus suggesting the urgent need for viral inhibitors. There have been large strides in vaccine development against the virus but there are still no FDA-approved drugs available. Rapid rational drug design and discovery research is fundamental in the production of potent inhibitors against the virus that will not just mask the virus, but destroy it completely. In silico drug design allows for this prompt screening of potential leads, thus decreasing the consumption of precious time and resources. This study demonstrates an optimized and proven screening technique in the discovery of two potential small molecule inhibitors of Zika virus Methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This in silico “per-residue energy decomposition pharmacophore” virtual screening approach will be critical in aiding scientists in the discovery of not only effective inhibitors of Zika viral targets, but also a wide range of anti-viral agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NS5%20protein%20inhibitors" title="NS5 protein inhibitors">NS5 protein inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=per-residue%20decomposition" title=" per-residue decomposition"> per-residue decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacophore%20model" title=" pharmacophore model"> pharmacophore model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20screening" title=" virtual screening"> virtual screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zika%20virus" title=" Zika virus"> Zika virus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59456/zika-virus-ns5-protein-potential-inhibitors-an-enhanced-in-silico-approach-in-drug-discovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1200</span> Resurgence of Influenza A (H1N1) Pdm09 during November 2015 - February 2016, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazish%20Badar">Nazish Badar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: To investigate the epidemic resurgent wave of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 infections during 2015-16 Influenza season(Nov,15 –Feb,16) we compared epidemiological features of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 associated hospitalizations and deaths during this period in Pakistan. Methods: Respiratory samples were tested using CDC Real-Time RT-PCR protocols. Demographic and epidemiological data was analyzed using SPSS. Risk ratio was calculated between age groups to compare patients that were hospitalized and died due to influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 during this period. Results: A total of 1970 specimens were analyzed; influenza virus was detected in 494(25%) samples, including 458(93%) Influenza type A and 36(7%) influenza type B viruses. Amongst influenza A viruses, 351(77%) A(H1N1) pdm09 and 107(23%) were A/H3N2. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 peaked in January 2016 when 250(54%) of tested patients were positive. The resurgent waves increased hospitalizations due to pdmH1N1 as compared to the rest part of the year. Overall 267(76%) A(H1N1) pdm09 cases were hospitalized. Adults ≥18 years showed the highest relative risk of hospitalization (1.2). Median interval of hospitalization and symptom onset was five days for all age groups. During this period, a total of 34 laboratory-confirmed deaths associated with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) were reported out of 1970 cases, the case fatality rate was 1.72%. the male to female ratio was 2:1in reported deaths. The majority of the deaths during that period occurred in adults ≥18 years of age. Overall median age of the death cases was 42.8 years with underlying medical conditions. The median number of days between symptom onset was two days. The diagnosis upon admission in influenza-associated fatal cases was pneumonia (53%). Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 9 (26%), eight out of which (88%) required mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: The present resurgence of pandemic virus cannot be attributed to a single factor. The prolong cold and dry weather, possibility of drift in virus and absence of annual flu vaccination may have played an integrated role in resurfacing of pandemic virus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza%20A%20%28H1N1%29pdm%2009" title="influenza A (H1N1)pdm 09">influenza A (H1N1)pdm 09</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resurgence" title=" resurgence"> resurgence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57603/resurgence-of-influenza-a-h1n1-pdm09-during-november-2015-february-2016-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1199</span> Biopsy Proven Polyoma (BK) Virus in Saudi Kidney Recipients – Prevalence, Clinicopathological Features and Clinico-Pathological Correlations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Hamdan%20Al-Jahdali">Sarah Hamdan Al-Jahdali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alsaad"> Khaled Alsaad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Al-Sayyari"> Abdullah Al-Sayyari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: To study the prevalence, clinicopathological features, risk factors and outcome of biopsy proven polyoma (BK) virus infection among Saudi kidney transplant recipients and compare them to negative BK virus group. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all the patients with biopsy-proven polyoma (BK) virus infection in King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh between 2005 and 2011. The details of clinical presentation, the indication for kidney biopsy, the laboratory findings at presentation, the natural history of the disease, thepathological findings, the prognosis as well as the response to therapy were all recorded. Results: Kidney biopsy was performed in 37 cases of unexplained graft dysfunction. BK virus was found in 10 (27%). Out of those 10, 3 (30%) ended with graft failure. BK virus occurred in all patients who received ATG induction therapy 100% versus 59.3% in the non BK virus patients (p=0.06). Furthermore, the risk of BK virus was much less in those who received acyclovir as an anti-viral prophylaxis as compared to those who did not receive it (p=0.01). Also, patients with BK virus weighed much less (mean 46.7±20.6 Kgs) than those without BK virus at time of transplantation (mean 64.3±12.1). Graft survival was better among deceased donor kidneys compared to living ones (P=0.016) and with older age (P=0.005). Conclusion: Our findings suggest the involvement of ATG induction therapy, the lack of antiviral prophylaxis therapy and lower weight at transplant as significant risk factors for the development of BK virus infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BKVAN" title="BKVAN">BKVAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BKV" title=" BKV"> BKV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20transpant" title=" kidney transpant"> kidney transpant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30336/biopsy-proven-polyoma-bk-virus-in-saudi-kidney-recipients-prevalence-clinicopathological-features-and-clinico-pathological-correlations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1198</span> Household Low Temperature MS2 (ATCC15597-B1) Virus Inactivation Using a Hot Bubble Column Evaporator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Garrido%20Sanchis">Adrian Garrido Sanchis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Pashley"> Richard Pashley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The MS2 (ATCC15597-B1) virus was used as a surrogate to estimate the inactivation rates for enteric viruses when using a hot air bubble column evaporator (HBCE) system in the treatment of household wastewater. In this study, we have combined MS2 virus surface charging properties with thermal inactivation rates, using an improved double layer plaque assay technique, in order to assess the efficiency of the HBCE process for virus removal in water. When bubbling a continuous flow of dry air, at 200°C, only heats the aqueous solution in the bubble column to about 50°C. Viruses are not inactivated by this solution temperature, as confirmed separately from water bath heating experiments. Hence, the efficiency of the HBCE process for virus removal in water appeared to be caused entirely by collisions between the hot air bubbles and the virus organisms. This new energy efficient treatment for water reuse applications can reduce the thermal energy required to only 25% (about 113.7 kJ/L) of that required for boiling (about 450 kJ/L). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MS2%20virus%20inactivation" title="MS2 virus inactivation">MS2 virus inactivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20reuse" title=" water reuse"> water reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20bubble%20column%20evaporator" title=" hot bubble column evaporator"> hot bubble column evaporator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84622/household-low-temperature-ms2-atcc15597-b1-virus-inactivation-using-a-hot-bubble-column-evaporator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1197</span> Survey of Potato Viral Infection Using Das-Elisa Method in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maia%20Kukhaleishvili">Maia Kukhaleishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekaterine%20Bulauri"> Ekaterine Bulauri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iveta%20Megrelishvili"> Iveta Megrelishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Shamatava"> Tamar Shamatava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Chipashvili"> Tamar Chipashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant viruses can cause loss of yield and quality in a lot of important crops. Symptoms of pathogens are variable depending on the cultivars and virus strain. Selection of resistant potato varieties would reduce the risk of virus transmission and significant economic impact. Other way to avoid reduced harvest yields is regular potato seed production sampling and testing for viral infection. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of viral diseases according potato cultivars for further selection of virus-free material in Georgia. During the summer 2015- 2016, 5 potato cultivars (Sante, Laura, Jelly, Red Sonia, Anushka) at 5 different farms located in Akhalkalaki were tested for 6 different potato viruses: Potato virus A (PVA), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV). A serological method, Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (DASELISA) was used at the laboratory to analyze the results. The result showed that PVY (21.4%) and PLRV (19.7%) virus presence in collected samples was relatively high compared to others. Researched potato cultivars except Jelly and Laura were infected by PVY with different concentrations. PLRV was found only in three potato cultivars (Sante, Jelly, Red Sonia) and PVM virus (3.12%) was characterized with low prevalence. PVX, PVA and PVS virus infection was not reported. It would be noted that 7.9% of samples were containing PVY/PLRV mix infection. Based on the results it can be concluded that PVY and PLRV infections are dominant in all research cultivars. Therefore significant yield losses are expected. Systematic, long-term control of potato viral infection, especially seed-potatoes, must be regarded as the most important factor to increase seed productivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virus" title="virus">virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato" title=" potato"> potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection" title=" infection"> infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diseases" title=" diseases"> diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100087/survey-of-potato-viral-infection-using-das-elisa-method-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1196</span> Acute Asthma in Emergency Department, Prevalence of Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Symptoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Refaat">Sherif Refaat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Aref"> Hassan Aref</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Although asthma is a well-identified presentation to the emergency department, little is known about the frequency and percentage of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms in patients with acute asthma in the emergency department (ED). Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between acute asthma exacerbation and different respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms including chest pain encountered by patients visiting the emergency department. Subjects and methods: Prospective study included 169 (97 females and 72 males) asthmatic patients who were admitted to emergency department of two tertiary care facility hospitals for asthma exacerbation from the period of September 2010 to August 2013, an anonyms questionnaire was used to collect symptoms and analysis of symptoms. Results: Females were 97 (57%) of the patients, mean age was 35.6 years; dyspnea on exertion was the commonest symptom accounting for 161 (95.2%) of patients, followed by dyspnea at rest 155 (91.7%), wheezing in 152 (89.9%), chest pain was present in 82 patients (48.5%), the pain was burning in 36 (43.9%) of the total patients with chest pain. Non-respiratory symptoms were seen frequently in acute asthma in ED. Conclusions: Dyspnea was the commonest chest symptoms encountered in patients with acute asthma followed by wheezing. Chest pain in acute asthma is a common symptom and should be fully studied to exclude misdiagnosis as of cardiac origin; there is a need for a better dissemination of knowledge about this disease association with chest pain. It was also noted that other non-respiratory symptoms are frequently encountered with acute asthma in emergency department. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title="asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20department" title=" emergency department"> emergency department</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20symptoms" title=" respiratory symptoms"> respiratory symptoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20respiratory%20system" title=" non respiratory system "> non respiratory system </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23631/acute-asthma-in-emergency-department-prevalence-of-respiratory-and-non-respiratory-symptoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1195</span> Molecular and Serological Diagnosis of Newcastle and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Broiler in Chicken in Fars Province, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadjavad%20Mehrabanpour">Mohammadjavad Mehrabanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ranjbar%20Bushehri"> Maryam Ranjbar Bushehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorsa%20Mehrabanpour"> Dorsa Mehrabanpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Respiratory diseases are the most important problems in the country’s poultry industry, particularly when it comes to broiler flocks. <em>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</em> (<em>ORT</em>) is a species that causes poor performance in growth rate, egg production, and mortality. This pathogen causes a respiratory infection including pulmonary alveolar inflammation, and pneumonia of birds throughout the world. Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease in poultry, and also, it causes considerable losses to the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous occurrence of <em>ORT</em> and ND and NDV isolation by inoculation in embryonated eggs and confirmed by RT-PCR in broiler chicken flocks in Fars province. In this study, 318 blood and 85 tissue samples (brain, trachea, liver, and cecal tonsils) were collected from 15 broiler chicken farms. Survey serum antibody titers against <em>ORT</em> by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit performed. Evaluation of antibody titer against ND virus is performed by hemagglutination inhibition test. Virus isolation with chick embryo eggs 9-11 and RT-PCR method were carried out. A total of 318 serum samples, 135 samples (42.5%) were positive for antibodies to <em>ORT</em> and titer of HI antibodies against NDV in 122 serum samples (38/4%) were 7-10 (log2) and 61 serum samples (19/2%) had occurrence antibody titer against Newcastle virus and <em>ORT</em>. Results of the present study indicated that 20 tissue samples were positive in embryonated egg and in rapid hemagglutination (HA) test. HI test with specific ND positive serum confirmed that 6 of 20 samples. PCR confirmed that all six samples were positive and PCR products of samples indicated 535-base pair fragments in electrophrosis. Due to the great economic importance of these two diseases in the poultry industry, it is necessary to design and implement a comprehensive plan for prevention and control of these diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title="ELISA">ELISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ornithobacterium%20rhinotracheale" title=" Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale"> Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newcastle%20disease" title=" newcastle disease"> newcastle disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seroprevalence" title=" seroprevalence"> seroprevalence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65114/molecular-and-serological-diagnosis-of-newcastle-and-ornithobacterium-rhinotracheale-broiler-in-chicken-in-fars-province-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1194</span> Eradication of Apple mosaic virus from Corylus avellana L. via Cryotherapy and Confirmation of Virus-Free Plants via Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergun%20Kaya">Ergun Kaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) is an ilarvirus causing harmful damages and product loses in many plant species. Because of xylem and phloem vessels absence, plant meristem tissues used for meristem cultures are virus-free, but sometimes only meristem cultures are not sufficient for virus elimination. Cryotherapy, a new method based on cryogenic techniques, is used for virus elimination. In this technique, 0.1-0.3mm meristems are excised from organized shoot apex of a selected in vitro donor plant and these meristems are frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) using suitable cryogenic technique. The aim of this work was to develop an efficient procedure for ApMV-free hazelnut via cryotherapy technique and confirmation of virus-free plants using Reverse Transcriptase-PCR technique. 100% virus free plantlets were obtained using droplet-vitrification method involved cold hardening in vitro cultures of hazelnut, 24 hours sucrose preculture of meristems on MS medium supplemented with 0.4M sucrose, and a 90 min PVS2 treatment in droplets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet%20vitrification" title="droplet vitrification">droplet vitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazelnut" title=" hazelnut"> hazelnut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20nitrogen" title=" liquid nitrogen"> liquid nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVS2" title=" PVS2"> PVS2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89231/eradication-of-apple-mosaic-virus-from-corylus-avellana-l-via-cryotherapy-and-confirmation-of-virus-free-plants-via-reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1193</span> Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Reproductive Health in Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikailzade%20Parvin">Mikailzade Parvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurbanova%20Jamila"> Gurbanova Jamila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alizade%20Samaya"> Alizade Samaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasanova%20Afat"> Hasanova Afat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is known that in March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic of the 2019 coronovirus disease COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronovirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this period, ensuring the safety of pregnancy and childbirth has become one of the necessary issues. The measures taken in this direction naturally consisted of strengthening and improving preventive measures among pregnant women. It should be noted that the lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infection among women reached 25%. The relevance of studying the effect of COVID-19 on reproductive health in women is due to its wide spread worldwide, severe clinical course, and the occurrence of numerous complications or lethality. It is of urgent importance to study the impact of the mentioned coronavirus infection on the health of pregnant women and the serious complications caused by it.Taking these into account, 230 pregnant women infected with the COVID-19 virus infection were registered. The average age of the pregnant women included in the study was: 29.24±6.0. The diagnosis of corona virus infection was made on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological tests (IgG, IgM). In 57.4% of cases, bilateral pneumonia was recorded in pregnant women and confirmed on the basis of radiological (RH) examination. RH examination revealed pneumonia with infiltrate in the lungs. Among clinical symptoms in pregnant women infected with COVID-19 virus infection: in 86 (37.4%) cases, symptoms such as high fever (t-39.0oC), shortness of breath, fatigue, and hypoxia were noted in pregnant women. A decrease in SpO2 to a minimal level was recorded. Laboratory-instrumental examinations were carried out. The obtained results showed: the average limit of D-dimer was 0.8±0.5; prothrombin time 13.2±1.1 seconds; INR 0.98±0.08, prothrombin index 104.3±19.5%, EHS - 34.8±13.6 mm/s. It should be noted that respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), premature birth, malformed and extremely malformed newborns, asphyxia or hypoxia have been reported in infants born to pregnant women infected with the coronavirus disease.Thus, from the obtained indicators, it is known that pregnant women infected with the virus have a high risk of serious illness and death for both themselves and their babies. It has been proven that the majority of babies born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers have a negative impact on their health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid%2019" title="Covid 19">Covid 19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20health" title=" reproductive health"> reproductive health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preqnancy" title=" preqnancy"> preqnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premature%20birth" title=" premature birth"> premature birth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169621/impact-of-covid-19-disease-on-reproductive-health-in-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1192</span> Global Analysis of HIV Virus Models with Cell-to-Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Pourbashash">Hossein Pourbashash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent experimental studies have shown that HIV can be transmitted directly from cell to cell when structures called virological synapses form during interactions between T cells. In this article, we describe a new within-host model of HIV infection that incorporates two mechanisms: infection by free virions and the direct cell-to-cell transmission. We conduct the local and global stability analysis of the model. We show that if the basic reproduction number R0 1, the virus is cleared and the disease dies out; if R0 > 1, the virus persists in the host. We also prove that the unique positive equilibrium attracts all positive solutions under additional assumptions on the parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20virus%20model" title="HIV virus model">HIV virus model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-to-cell%20transmission" title=" cell-to-cell transmission"> cell-to-cell transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20stability" title=" global stability"> global stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyapunov%20function" title=" Lyapunov function"> Lyapunov function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20compound%20matrices" title=" second compound matrices"> second compound matrices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23412/global-analysis-of-hiv-virus-models-with-cell-to-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1191</span> Impact of Totiviridae L-A dsRNA Virus on Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Host: Transcriptomic and Proteomic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Luk%C5%A1a">Juliana Lukša</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bazil%C4%97%20Ravoityt%C4%97"> Bazilė Ravoitytė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Servien%C4%97"> Elena Servienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saulius%20Serva"> Saulius Serva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Totiviridae L-A virus is a persistent Saccharomyces cerevisiae dsRNA virus. It encodes the major structural capsid protein Gag and Gag-Pol fusion protein, responsible for virus replication and encapsulation. These features also enable the copying of satellite dsRNAs (called M dsRNAs) encoding a secreted toxin and immunity to it (known as killer toxin). Viral capsid pore presumably functions in nucleotide uptake and viral mRNA release. During cell division, sporogenesis, and cell fusion, the virions remain intracellular and are transferred to daughter cells. By employing high throughput RNA sequencing data analysis, we describe the influence of solely L-A virus on the expression of genes in three different S. cerevisiae hosts. We provide a new perception into Totiviridae L-A virus-related transcriptional regulation, encompassing multiple bioinformatics analyses. Transcriptional responses to L-A infection were similar to those induced upon stress or availability of nutrients. It also delves into the connection between the cell metabolism and L-A virus-conferred demands to the host transcriptome by uncovering host proteins that may be associated with intact virions. To better understand the virus-host interaction, we applied differential proteomic analysis of virus particle-enriched fractions of yeast strains that harboreither complete killer system (L-A-lus and M-2 virus), M-2 depleted orvirus-free. Our analysis resulted in the identification of host proteins, associated with structural proteins of the virus (Gag and Gag-Pol). This research was funded by the European Social Fund under the No.09.3.3-LMT-K-712-19-0157“Development of Competences of Scientists, other Researchers, and Students through Practical Research Activities” measure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=totiviridae" title="totiviridae">totiviridae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=killer%20virus" title=" killer virus"> killer virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptomics" title=" transcriptomics"> transcriptomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146170/impact-of-totiviridae-l-a-dsrna-virus-on-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-host-transcriptomic-and-proteomic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1190</span> Chikungunya Virus Infection among Patients with Febrile Illness Attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul-Dahiru%20El-Yuguda">Abdul-Dahiru El-Yuguda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saka%20Saheed%20Baba"> Saka Saheed Baba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tawa%20Monilade%20Adisa"> Tawa Monilade Adisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Bala%20Abubakar"> Mustapha Bala Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Chikungunya (CHIK) virus, a previously anecdotally described arbovirus, is now assuming a worldwide public health burden. The CHIK virus infection is characterized by potentially life threatening and debilitating arthritis in addition to the high fever, arthralgia, myalgia, headache and rash. Method: Three hundred and seventy (370) serum samples were collected from outpatients with febrile illness attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, and was used to detect for Chikungunya (CHIK) virus IgG and IgM antibodies using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs). Result: Out of the 370 sera tested, 39 (10.5%) were positive for presence of CHIK virus antibodies. A total of 24 (6.5%) tested positive for CHIK virus IgM only while none (0.0%) was positive for presence of CHIK virus IgG only and 15 (4.1%) of the serum samples were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. A significant difference (p<0.0001) was observed in the distribution of CHIK virus antibodies in relation to gender. The males had prevalence of 8.5% IgM antibodies as against 4.6% observed in females. On the other hand 4.6% of the females were positive for concurrent CHIK virus IgG and IgM antibodies when compared to a prevalence of 3.4% observed in males. Only the age groups ≤ 60 years and the undisclosed age group were positive for presence of CHIK virus IgG and/or IgM antibodies. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the seasonal prevalence of CHIK virus antibodies among the study subjects Analysis of the prevalence of CHIK virus antibodies in relation to clinical presentation (as observed by Clinicians) of the patients revealed that headache and fever were the most frequently encountered ailments. Conclusion: The CHIK virus IgM and concurrent IgM and IgG antibody prevalence rates of 6.5% and 4.1% observed in this study indicates a current infection and the lack of IgG antibody alone observed shows that the infection is not endemic but sporadic. Recommendation: Further studies should be carried to establish the seasonal prevalence of CHIK virus infection vis-à-vis vector dynamics in the study area. A comprehensive study need to be carried out on the molecular characterization of the CHIK virus circulating in Nigeria with a view to developing CHIK virus vaccine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chikungunya%20virus" title="Chikungunya virus">Chikungunya virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IgM%20and%20IgG%20antibodies" title=" IgM and IgG antibodies"> IgM and IgG antibodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=febrile%20patients" title=" febrile patients"> febrile patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20linked%20immunosorbent%20assay" title=" enzyme linked immunosorbent assay"> enzyme linked immunosorbent assay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57517/chikungunya-virus-infection-among-patients-with-febrile-illness-attending-university-of-maiduguri-teaching-hospital-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1189</span> Reduction of the Cellular Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 by a Mucoadhesive Nasal Spray </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20M.%20Pitz">Adam M. Pitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gillian%20L.%20Phillipson"> Gillian L. Phillipson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayant%20E.%20Khanolkar"> Jayant E. Khanolkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20M.%20Middleton"> Andrew M. Middleton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New emerging evidence suggests that the nose is the predominant route for entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the host. A virucidal suspension test (conforming in principle to the European Standard EN14476) was conducted to determine whether a commercial liquid gel intranasal spray containing 1% of the mucoadhesive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) could inhibit the cellular infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Virus was added to the test product samples and to controls in a 1:8 ratio and mixed with one part bovine serum albumin as an interfering substance. The test samples were pre-equilibrated to 34 ± 2°C (representing the temperature of the nasopharynx) with the temperature maintained at 34 ± 2°C for virus contact times of 1, 5 and 10 minutes. Neutralized aliquots were inoculated onto host cells (Vero E6 cells, ATCC CRL-1586). The host cells were then incubated at 36 ± 2°C for a period of 7 days. The residual infectious virus in both test and controls was detected by viral-induced cytopathic effect. The 50% tissue culture infective dose per mL (TCID50/mL) was determined using the Spearman-Karber method with results reported as the reduction of the virus titer due to treatment with test product, expressed as log10. The controls confirmed the validity of the results with no cytotoxicity or viral interference observed in the neutralized test product samples. The HPMC formulation reduced SARS-CoV-2 titer, expressed as log10TCID50, by 2.30 ( ± 0.17), 2.60 ( ± 0.19), and 3.88 ( ± 0.19) with the respective contact times of 1, 5 and 10 minutes. The results demonstrate that this 1% HPMC gel formulation can reduce the cellular infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with an increasing viral inhibition observed with increasing exposure time. This 1% HMPC gel is well tolerated and can reside, when delivered via nasal spray, for up to one hour in the nasal cavity. We conclude that this intranasal gel spray with 1% HPMC repeat-dosed every few hours may offer an effective preventive or early intervention solution to limit the transmission and impact of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxypropyl%20methylcellulose" title="hydroxypropyl methylcellulose">hydroxypropyl methylcellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucoadhesive%20nasal%20spray" title=" mucoadhesive nasal spray"> mucoadhesive nasal spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20viruses" title=" respiratory viruses"> respiratory viruses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-CoV-2" title=" SARS-CoV-2"> SARS-CoV-2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128243/reduction-of-the-cellular-infectivity-of-sars-cov-2-by-a-mucoadhesive-nasal-spray" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1188</span> DNA Vaccine Study against Vaccinia Virus Using In vivo Electroporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Myung%20Yang">Jai Myung Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Young%20Kim"> Na Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Ho%20Shin"> Sung Ho Shin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adverse reactions of current live smallpox vaccines and potential use of smallpox as a bioterror weapon have heightened the development of new effective vaccine for this infectious disease. In the present study, DNA vaccine vector was produced which was optimized for expression of the vaccinia virus L1 antigen in the mouse model. A plasmid IgM-tL1R, which contains codon-optimized L1R gene, was constructed and fused with an IgM signal sequence under the regulation of a SV40 enhancer. The expression and secretion of recombinant L1 protein was confirmed in vitro 293 T cell. Mice were administered the DNA vaccine by electroporation and challenged with vaccinia virus. We observed that immunization with IgM-tL1R induced potent neutralizing antibody responses and provided complete protection against lethal vaccinia virus challenge. Isotyping studies reveal that immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibody predominated after the immunization, indicative of a T helper type 1 response. Our results suggest that an optimized DNA vaccine, IgM-tL1R, can be effective in stimulating anti-vaccinia virus immune response and provide protection against lethal orthopoxvirus challenge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroporation" title=" electroporation"> electroporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L1R" title=" L1R"> L1R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccinia%20virus" title=" vaccinia virus"> vaccinia virus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46318/dna-vaccine-study-against-vaccinia-virus-using-in-vivo-electroporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1187</span> Investigation of the Effects of Quercetin on Oxidative Stress in Cells Infected with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilek%20Zorlu%20Kaya">Dilek Zorlu Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sena%20%C3%87enesiz"> Sena Çenesiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utku%20Duran"> Utku Duran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus is a disease of great concern in aquaculture, causing mortality of 80 - 90% of the stocks in salmonid production. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of quercetin on oxidant and antioxidant parameters of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, which is important for fish farming and economy in vitro. Quercetin experimental model was used in the cell culture of Oncorhynchus mykiss infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant levels, and glutathione-peroxidase were measured in the samples. As a result of the study, it was observed that quercetin can minimize the damage caused by scavenging free radicals in cells infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Thus, we think that an important development can be achieved for fish farming and the economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPNV" title="IPNV">IPNV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oncorhynchus%20mykiss" title=" oncorhynchus mykiss"> oncorhynchus mykiss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TAS" title=" TAS"> TAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOS" title=" TOS"> TOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176688/investigation-of-the-effects-of-quercetin-on-oxidative-stress-in-cells-infected-with-infectious-pancreatic-necrosis-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1186</span> Epidemiological Profile of Acute Respiratory Infections Hospitalized in Infants and Children Under 15 Years of Age, Hospital Immaculée, Cayes, Haiti, 2019-2021</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edna%20Ariste">Edna Ariste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Standy%20Coqmar"> Richard Standy Coqmar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Acute respiratory infections are a major public health problem in the world, mainly in vulnerable populations such as newborns, children under five years of age, and the elderly. The objective of this study was to Characterize the cases of acute respiratory infections in infants and under 15 years old hospitalized at the Immaculée Conception Hospital in Cayes from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on the epidemiology profile of acute respiratory infections hospitalized in the pediatric ward at Immaculée Conception Hospital in Les Cayes from January 2019 to December 2021. The study population consisted of all newborns, infants, and children under 15 years of age diagnosed with respiratory infections at the pediatric service. Data were collected from the hospitalization registers and patient records of this unit. A database was created and used for data collection. Excel and Epi info 7.2 were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 588 cases were identified during the 2019-2021 year. 43.5% (256) were female, and 56.5% (332) were male. The average age was 4, 3. The most affected age group was 1-4 years. The male/female sex ratio was 1.2. The most frequent respiratory infections were respectively pneumonia 44.9%, bronchitis 16.5%, and respiratory distress 10.5%. The mortality rate recorded during this period was 4.4%. Conclusion: Acute respiratory infections are more frequent in young children. It is, therefore, necessary to practice hand hygiene. Reinforce the surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20respiratory%20infections" title="acute respiratory infections">acute respiratory infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatrics" title=" pediatrics"> pediatrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cayes" title=" cayes"> cayes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haiti" title=" haiti"> haiti</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160216/epidemiological-profile-of-acute-respiratory-infections-hospitalized-in-infants-and-children-under-15-years-of-age-hospital-immaculee-cayes-haiti-2019-2021" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1185</span> The Ebola Virus Disease and Its Outbreak in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osagiede%20Efosa%20Kelvin">Osagiede Efosa Kelvin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Ebola virus disease (EVD); also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by Ebola viruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus as a fever, sore throat, muscle pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time, some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The first death in Nigeria was reported on 25 July 2014: a Liberian-American with Ebola flew from Liberia to Nigeria and died in Lagos soon after arrival. As part of the effort to contain the disease, possible contacts were monitored –353 in Lagos and 451 in Port Harcourt On 22 September, the World Health Organisation reported a total of 20 cases, including eight deaths. The WHO's representative in Nigeria officially declared Nigeria Ebola-free on 20 October after no new active cases were reported in the follow-up contact. This paper looks at the Ebola Virus in general and the measures taken by Nigeria to combat its spread. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebola%20virus" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemorrhagic%20fever" title=" hemorrhagic fever"> hemorrhagic fever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outbreak" title=" outbreak"> outbreak</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22666/the-ebola-virus-disease-and-its-outbreak-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1184</span> In vitro Antiviral Activity of Ocimum sanctum against Animal Viruses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjana%20Goel">Anjana Goel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Kumar%20Bhatia"> Ashok Kumar Bhatia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ocimum sanctum, a well known medicinal plant is used for various alignments in Ayurvedic medicines. It was found to be effective in treating the humans suffering from different viral infections like chicken pox, small pox, measles and influenza. In addition, curative effect of the plant in malignant patients was also reported. In the present study, leaves of this plant were screened against animal viruses i.e. Bovine Herpes Virus-type-1 (BHV-1), Foot and Mouth disease virus (FMDV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). BHV-1 and FMDV were screened in MDBK and BHK cell lines respectively using cytopathic inhibition test. While NDV was propagated in chick embryo fibroblast culture and tested by haemagglutination inhibition test. Maximum non toxic dose of aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves was calculated by MTT assay in all the cell cultures and nontoxic doses were used for antiviral activity against viruses. 98.4% and 85.3% protection were recorded against NDV and BHV-1 respectively. However, Ocimum sanctum extract failed to show any inhibitory effect on the cytopathic effect caused by FMD virus. It can be concluded that Ocimum sanctum is a very effective remedy for curing viral infections in animals also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bovine%20herpes%20virus-type-1" title="bovine herpes virus-type-1">bovine herpes virus-type-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20and%20mouth%20disease%20virus" title=" foot and mouth disease virus"> foot and mouth disease virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newcastle%20disease%20virus" title=" newcastle disease virus"> newcastle disease virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ocimum%20sanctum" title=" Ocimum sanctum"> Ocimum sanctum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69775/in-vitro-antiviral-activity-of-ocimum-sanctum-against-animal-viruses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20syncytial%20virus&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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