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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Childhood_and_early_years_(1881–1898)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood_and_early_years_(1881–1898)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Childhood and early years (1881–1898)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood_and_early_years_(1881–1898)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_musical_career_(1899–1908)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_musical_career_(1899–1908)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early musical career (1899–1908)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_musical_career_(1899–1908)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_years_and_career_(1909–1939)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_years_and_career_(1909–1939)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Middle years and career (1909–1939)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_years_and_career_(1909–1939)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_music_and_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_music_and_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Folk music and composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_music_and_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_and_final_years_(1940–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_final_years_(1940–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War II and final years (1940–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_final_years_(1940–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years_(1890–1902)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_(1890–1902)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early years (1890–1902)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_(1890–1902)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_influences_(1903–1911)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_influences_(1903–1911)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>New influences (1903–1911)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_influences_(1903–1911)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inspiration_and_experimentation_(1916–1921)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspiration_and_experimentation_(1916–1921)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Inspiration and experimentation (1916–1921)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspiration_and_experimentation_(1916–1921)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Synthesis_of_East_and_West"_(1926–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Synthesis_of_East_and_West"_(1926–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>"Synthesis of East and West" (1926–1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Synthesis_of_East_and_West"_(1926–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Musical analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catalogues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalogues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Catalogues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalogues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statues_and_other_memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statues_and_other_memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Statues and other memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statues_and_other_memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Béla Bartók</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83" title="بيلا بارتوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيلا بارتوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Bartok" title="Bela Bartok – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bela Bartok" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бела Барток – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бела Барток" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Бела Бартак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бела Бартак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Бэла Бартак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэла Бартак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бела Барток – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бела Барток" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA" title="Μπέλα Μπάρτοκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπέλα Μπάρτοκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="بلا بارتوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلا بارتوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC_%EB%B2%A8%EB%9F%AC" title="버르토크 벨러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버르토크 벨러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF" title="Բելա Բարտոկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բելա Բարտոկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="बेला बार्तोक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेला बार्तोक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7" title="בלה בארטוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלה בארטוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ბელა ბარტოკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბელა ბარტოკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Bartok" title="Bela Bartok – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bela Bartok" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бела Барток – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бела Барток" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Барток, Бела Виктор Янош – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Барток, Бела Виктор Янош" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Bela Bartók – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bela Bartók" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%93la_Bartoks" title="Bēla Bartoks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bēla Bartoks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_(zeneszerz%C5%91)" title="Bartók Béla (zeneszerző) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bartók Béla (zeneszerző)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бела Барток – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бела Барток" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83" title="بيلا بارتوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيلا بارتوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9" title="バルトーク・ベーラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルトーク・ベーラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Барток, Бела – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Барток, Бела" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бела Барток – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бела Барток" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A-%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="เบ-ลอ บอร์โตก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบ-ลอ บอร์โตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Барток Бела – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Барток Бела" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Béla Bartók" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Бела Барток – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бела Барток" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hungarian composer (1881–1945)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bartok" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bartok_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bartok (disambiguation)">Bartok (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The native form of this <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a> is <i>Bartók Béla Viktor János</i>. This article uses <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a> when mentioning individuals.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Béla Bartók</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1927_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1927_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1927_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1927_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="379" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bartók in 1927</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Béla Viktor János Bartók</div><br />25 March 1881<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nnicolau_Mare" title="Sânnicolau Mare">Nagyszentmiklós</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 September 1945 (aged 64)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">composer, pianist and <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnomusicologist">ethnomusicologist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="List of compositions by Béla Bartók">List of compositions</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Béla Viktor János Bartók</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hungarian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈbeːlɒ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbɒrtoːk]</a></span>; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was an Hungarian composer, pianist and <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnomusicologist">ethnomusicologist</a>. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his collection and analytical study of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, he was one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Comparative_musicology" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative musicology">comparative musicology</a>, which later became known as ethnomusicology. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood_and_early_years_(1881–1898)"><span id="Childhood_and_early_years_.281881.E2.80.931898.29"></span>Childhood and early years (1881–1898)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood and early years (1881–1898)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bartók was born in the <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banatian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nnicolau_Mare" title="Sânnicolau Mare">Nagyszentmiklós</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nnicolau_Mare" title="Sânnicolau Mare">Sânnicolau Mare</a>, Romania) on 25 March 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his father's side, the Bartók family was a Hungarian lower noble family, originating from <a href="/wiki/Borsodszir%C3%A1k" title="Borsodszirák">Borsodszirák</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borsod_County" title="Borsod County">Borsod</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMóser2006a44_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMóser2006a44-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His paternal grandmother was a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bunjevci" title="Bunjevci">Bunjevci</a> origin, but considered herself Hungarian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzekernyés2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzekernyés2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartók's father (1855–1888) was also named Béla. Bartók's mother, Paula (née Voit) (1857–1939), spoke<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> fluently.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHooker200116_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHooker200116-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A native of <a href="/wiki/Martin,_Slovakia" title="Martin, Slovakia">Turócszentmárton</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Martin,_Slovakia" title="Martin, Slovakia">Martin</a>, Slovakia),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper20156_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper20156-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she had German, Hungarian and Slovak or Polish ancestry. </p><p>Béla displayed notable musical talent very early in life. According to his mother, he could distinguish between different dance <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythms</a> that she played on the piano before he learned to speak in complete sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies19906_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies19906-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the age of four he was able to play 40 pieces on the piano, and his mother began formally teaching him the next year. </p><p>In 1888, when he was seven, his father, the director of an agricultural school, died suddenly. His mother then took Béla and his sister, Erzsébet, to live in <a href="/wiki/Vynohradiv" title="Vynohradiv">Nagyszőlős</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Vynohradiv" title="Vynohradiv">Vynohradiv</a>, Ukraine) and then in <a href="/wiki/Pressburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressburg">Pressburg</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia). Béla gave his first public recital aged 11 in Nagyszőlős, to positive critical reception.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffiths1988_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffiths1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Among the pieces he played was his own first composition, written two years previously: a short piece called "The Course of the Danube".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Toth1999_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Toth1999-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, <a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkel_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3" class="extiw" title="hu:Erkel László">László Erkel</a> accepted him as a pupil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens19648_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens19648-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_musical_career_(1899–1908)"><span id="Early_musical_career_.281899.E2.80.931908.29"></span>Early musical career (1899–1908)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early musical career (1899–1908)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartok_tablo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bartok_tablo.jpg/220px-Bartok_tablo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bartok_tablo.jpg/330px-Bartok_tablo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Bartok_tablo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bartók's signature on his high-school-graduation photograph, dated 9 September 1899</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1899 to 1903, Bartók studied piano under <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Thom%C3%A1n" title="István Thomán">István Thomán</a>, a former student of <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>, and composition under <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Koessler" class="mw-redirect" title="János Koessler">János Koessler</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music_in_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy of Music in Budapest">Royal Academy of Music in Budapest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There he met <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly" title="Zoltán Kodály">Zoltán Kodály</a>, who made a strong impression on him and became a lifelong friend and colleague.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockwell1982_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockwell1982-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903, Bartók wrote his first major orchestral work, <i>Kossuth</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poem</a> which honored <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a>, hero of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens2018_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens2018-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The music of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, whom he met in 1902 at the <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/Also_sprach_Zarathustra_(Strauss)" class="mw-redirect" title="Also sprach Zarathustra (Strauss)">Also sprach Zarathustra</a></i>, strongly influenced his early work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilhelm198973_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilhelm198973-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When visiting a holiday resort in the summer of 1904, Bartók overheard a young nanny, Lidi Dósa from <a href="/wiki/Kib%C3%A9d" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibéd">Kibéd</a> in Transylvania, sing folk songs to the children in her care. This sparked his lifelong dedication to folk music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKory2007_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKory2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1907, he came under the influence of French composer <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>, whose compositions Kodály had brought back from Paris. Bartók's large-scale orchestral works were still in the style of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> and Richard Strauss, but he wrote a number of small piano pieces which showed his growing interest in <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>. The first piece to show clear signs of this new interest is the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._1_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 1 (Bartók)">String Quartet No. 1</a> in A minor (1908), which contains folk-like elements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodda1990–2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodda1990–2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began teaching as a piano professor at the <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt_Academy_of_Music" title="Franz Liszt Academy of Music">Liszt Academy of Music</a> in Budapest. This position freed him from touring Europe as a pianist. Among his notable students were <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reiner" title="Fritz Reiner">Fritz Reiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Georg_Solti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Georg Solti">Sir Georg Solti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_S%C3%A1ndor" title="György Sándor">György Sándor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ern%C5%91_Balogh" title="Ernő Balogh">Ernő Balogh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gisela_Selden-Goth" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisela Selden-Goth">Gisela Selden-Goth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lili_Kraus" title="Lili Kraus">Lili Kraus</a>. After Bartók moved to the United States, he taught <a href="/wiki/Jack_Beeson" title="Jack Beeson">Jack Beeson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Violet_Archer" title="Violet Archer">Violet Archer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1908, Bartok and Kodály traveled into the countryside to collect and research old <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian people">Magyar</a> folk melodies. Their growing interest in folk music coincided with a contemporary social interest in traditional national culture. Magyar folk music had previously been categorised as <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Gypsy</a> music. The classic example is Franz Liszt's <i><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Rhapsodies" title="Hungarian Rhapsodies">Hungarian Rhapsodies</a></i> for piano, which he based on popular art songs performed by <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> bands of the time. In contrast, Bartók and Kodály discovered that the old Magyar folk melodies were based on <a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">pentatonic scales</a>, similar to those in <a href="/wiki/Asian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian music">Asian folk traditions</a>, such as those of Central Asia, Anatolia and Siberia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bartók and Kodály set about incorporating elements of such Magyar peasant music into their compositions. They both frequently quoted folk song melodies <i>verbatim</i> and wrote pieces derived entirely from authentic songs. An example is Bartok's two volumes entitled <i><a href="/wiki/For_Children" title="For Children">For Children</a></i> for solo piano, containing 80 folk tunes to which he wrote accompaniment. Bartók's style in his art music compositions was a synthesis of folk music, classicism, and modernism. His melodic and harmonic sense was influenced by the folk music of Hungary, Romania, and other nations. He was especially fond of the asymmetrical dance rhythms and pungent harmonies found in <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian music">Bulgarian music</a>. Most of his early compositions offer a blend of nationalist and late Romanticism elements.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_years_and_career_(1909–1939)"><span id="Middle_years_and_career_.281909.E2.80.931939.29"></span>Middle years and career (1909–1939)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle years and career (1909–1939)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1909, at the age of 28, Bartók married Márta Ziegler (1893–1967), aged 16. Their son, Béla Bartók III, was born the next year. After nearly 15 years together, Bartók divorced Márta in June 1923. Two months after his divorce, he married <a href="/wiki/Ditta_P%C3%A1sztory-Bart%C3%B3k" title="Ditta Pásztory-Bartók">Ditta Pásztory</a> (1903–1982), a piano student, ten days after proposing to her. She was aged 19, he 42. Their son, Péter, was born in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes200722_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes200722-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raised as a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, by his early adulthood Bartók had become an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>. He later became attracted to <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a> and publicly converted to the Unitarian faith in 1916. Although Bartók was not conventionally religious, according to his son Béla Bartók III, "he was a nature lover: he always mentioned the miraculous order of nature with great reverence". As an adult, Béla III later became lay president of the Hungarian Unitarian Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes2001_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes2001-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opera">Opera</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1911, Bartók wrote what was to be his only opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Bluebeard%27s_Castle" title="Bluebeard's Castle">Bluebeard's Castle</a></i>, dedicated to Márta. He entered it for a prize by the Hungarian Fine Arts Commission, but they rejected his work as not fit for the stage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChalmers199593_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChalmers199593-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1917 Bartók revised the score for the 1918 première and rewrote the ending. Following the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Hungarian Soviet Republic">1919 revolution</a>, in which he actively participated, he was pressured by the <a href="/wiki/Horthy%27s_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Horthy's Hungary">Horthy regime</a> to remove the name of librettist <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bal%C3%A1zs" title="Béla Balázs">Béla Balázs</a> from the opera, as Balázs was of Jewish origin, was blacklisted, and had left the country for Vienna. <i>Bluebeard's Castle</i> received only one revival, in 1936, before Bartók emigrated. For the remainder of his life, although devoted to Hungary, its people and its culture, he never felt much loyalty to the government or its official establishments.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Folk_music_and_composition">Folk music and composition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Folk music and composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg/290px-Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg/435px-Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg/580px-Bartok_recording_folk_music.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption>Béla Bartók using a <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a> to record Slovak folk songs sung by peasants in Zobordarázs<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGetting2020_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGetting2020-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Dražovce</i>, today part of <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>After his disappointment over the Fine Arts Commission competition, Bartók wrote little for two or three years, preferring to concentrate on collecting and arranging folk music. He found the phonograph an essential tool for collecting folk music for its accuracy, objectivity, and manipulability.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók197614_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók197614-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He collected first in the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Basin">Carpathian Basin</a> (then the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_in_the_18th_and_19th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary in the 18th and 19th century">Kingdom of Hungary</a>), where he notated <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_folk_music" title="Hungarian folk music">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovakia" title="Music of Slovakia">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Romanian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> folk music. The developmental breakthrough for Bartok arrived when he collaboratively collected folk music with <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly" title="Zoltán Kodály">Zoltán Kodály</a> through the medium of an Edison machine, on which they studied classification possibilities (for individual folk songs) and recorded hundreds of cylinders. Bartok's compositional command of folk elements is expressed in such an authentic and undiluted a manner because of the scales, sounds, and rhythms that were so much a part of his native Hungary that he automatically saw music in these terms.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also collected in <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>, and (in 1913) <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. The outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> forced him to stop the expeditions, but he returned to composing with a ballet called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wooden_Prince" title="The Wooden Prince">The Wooden Prince</a></i> (1914–1916) and the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._2_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 2 (Bartók)">String Quartet No. 2</a> in (1915–1917), both influenced by <a href="/wiki/Debussy" class="mw-redirect" title="Debussy">Debussy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bartók's <i><a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a></i> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Miraculous_Mandarin" title="The Miraculous Mandarin">The Miraculous Mandarin</a></i>, another ballet, was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a> and Richard Strauss. Though started in 1918, the story's sexual content kept it from being performed until 1926. He next wrote his two <a href="/wiki/Violin_sonata" title="Violin sonata">violin sonatas</a> (written in 1921 and 1922, respectively), which are among his most harmonically and structurally complex pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1927, he visited <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and performed the <i>Rhapsody for piano</i> Sz. 26 with the <a href="/wiki/Orquestra_Pau_Casals" title="Orquestra Pau Casals">Orquestra Pau Casals</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Liceu" title="Liceu">Gran Teatre del Liceu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same stay, he attended a concert by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobla_Barcelona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobla Barcelona (page does not exist)">Cobla Barcelona</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palau_de_la_M%C3%BAsica_Catalana" title="Palau de la Música Catalana">Palau de la Música Catalana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the critic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Llongueras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Llongueras (page does not exist)">Joan Llongueras</a>, "he was very interested in the <a href="/wiki/Sardana" title="Sardana">sardanas</a>, above all, the freshness, spontaneity and life of our music [...] he wanted to know the mechanism of the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_shawm" title="Catalan shawm">tenoras</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tible" class="mw-redirect" title="Tible">tibles</a>, and requested data on the composition of the <a href="/wiki/Cobla" title="Cobla">cobla</a> and extension and characteristics of each instrument".<sup id="cite_ref-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927–1928, Bartók wrote his <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._3_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 3 (Bartók)">Third</a> and <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._4_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)">Fourth String Quartets</a>, after which his compositions demonstrated his mature style. Notable examples of this period are <i><a href="/wiki/Music_for_Strings,_Percussion_and_Celesta" title="Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta">Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta</a></i> (1936) and <a href="/wiki/Divertimento_for_String_Orchestra_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Divertimento for String Orchestra (Bartók)">Divertimento for String Orchestra</a> (1939). The <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._5_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)">Fifth String Quartet</a> was composed in 1934, and the <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._6_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 6 (Bartók)">Sixth String Quartet</a> (his last) in 1939. In 1936 he travelled to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> to collect and study <a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Turkish folk music</a>. He worked in collaboration with Turkish composer <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Adnan_Saygun" title="Ahmet Adnan Saygun">Ahmet Adnan Saygun</a> mostly around <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzgentürk2008_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzgentürk2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESipos2000_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESipos2000-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_and_final_years_(1940–1945)"><span id="World_War_II_and_final_years_.281940.E2.80.931945.29"></span>World War II and final years (1940–1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II and final years (1940–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartok_P%C3%A1sztory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bartok_P%C3%A1sztory.jpg/220px-Bartok_P%C3%A1sztory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bartok_P%C3%A1sztory.jpg/330px-Bartok_P%C3%A1sztory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bartok_P%C3%A1sztory.jpg/440px-Bartok_P%C3%A1sztory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1223" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>Bartok and Pásztory</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1940, as the European political situation worsened after the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Bartók was increasingly tempted to flee Hungary. He strongly opposed the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a> and Hungary's alliance with Germany and the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a>. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Bartók refused to give concerts in Germany and broke away from his publisher there. His anti-fascist political views caused him a great deal of trouble with the establishment in Hungary. In his will recorded on 4 October 1940, he requested that no square or street be named after him until the Budapest squares <a href="/wiki/Oktogon_(intersection)" title="Oktogon (intersection)">Oktogon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kod%C3%A1ly_k%C3%B6r%C3%B6nd" title="Kodály körönd">Kodály körönd</a>, or in fact any square or street in Hungary, no longer bore the names of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a>, as they did at the time he wrote his will.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having first sent his manuscripts out of the country, Bartók reluctantly emigrated to the US with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Ditta_P%C3%A1sztory-Bart%C3%B3k" title="Ditta Pásztory-Bartók">Ditta Pásztory</a>, in October 1940. They settled in New York City after arriving on the night of 29–30 October by a steamer from Lisbon. After joining them in 1942, their younger son Péter Bartók enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, where he served in the Pacific during the remainder of the war and later settled in Florida, where he became a recording and sound engineer. His elder son by his first marriage, Béla Bartók III, remained in Hungary and later worked as a railroad official until his retirement in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although he became an American citizen in 1945 shortly before his death,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGagné2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidppHoEX_6v10CpgPA28_p._28]:_"He_became_a_U.S._citizen_in_1945,_but_by_then_had_developed_leukemia,_and_he_soon_died..."_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagné2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidppHoEX_6v10CpgPA28_p._28]:_"He_became_a_U.S._citizen_in_1945,_but_by_then_had_developed_leukemia,_and_he_soon_died..."-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartók never felt fully at home in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He initially found it difficult to compose in his new surroundings. Although he was well known in America as a pianist, ethnomusicologist and teacher, he was not well known as a composer. There was little American interest in his music during his final years. He and his wife Ditta gave some concerts, but demand for them was low.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartók, who had made some recordings in Hungary, also recorded for <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> after he came to the US; many of these recordings (some with Bartók's own spoken introductions) were later issued on LP and CD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók1994_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók1994-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók1995a_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók1995a-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók1995b_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók1995b-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók2003_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók2003-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók2007_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók2007-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók2008_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók2008-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók2016_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók2016-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bartók was supported by a $3000-yearly research fellowship from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> for several years (more than $50,000 in 2024 dollars).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Ditta worked on a large collection of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> folk songs in Columbia's libraries. Bartók's economic difficulties during his first years in America were mitigated by publication royalties, teaching and performance tours. While his finances were always precarious, he did not live and die in poverty as was the common myth. He had enough friends and supporters to ensure that there was sufficient money and work available for him to live on. Bartók was a proud man and did not easily accept charity. Despite being short on cash at times, he often refused money that his friends offered him out of their own pockets. Although he was not a member of the <a href="/wiki/ASCAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCAP">ASCAP</a>, the society paid for any medical care he needed during his last two years, to which Bartók reluctantly agreed. According to Edward Jablonski's 1963 article, "At no time during Bartok’s American years did his income amount to less than $4,000 a year" (about $70,000 in 2024 dollars).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first symptoms of his health problems began late in 1940, when his right shoulder began to show signs of stiffening. In 1942, symptoms increased and he started having bouts of fever. Bartók's illness was at first thought to be a recurrence of the tuberculosis he had experienced as a young man, and one of his doctors in New York was Edgar Mayer, director of <a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers_Memorial_Hospital" title="Will Rogers Memorial Hospital">Will Rogers Memorial Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saranac_Lake,_New_York" title="Saranac Lake, New York">Saranac Lake</a>, but medical examinations found no underlying disease. Finally, in April 1944, <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a> was diagnosed, but by this time, little could be done.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChalmers1995196–207_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChalmers1995196–207-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As his body slowly failed, Bartók found more creative energy and produced a final set of masterpieces, partly thanks to the violinist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Szigeti" title="Joseph Szigeti">Joseph Szigeti</a> and the conductor <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reiner" title="Fritz Reiner">Fritz Reiner</a> (Reiner had been Bartók's friend and champion since his days as Bartók's student at the Royal Academy). Bartók's last work might well have been the String Quartet No. 6 but for <a href="/wiki/Serge_Koussevitzky" title="Serge Koussevitzky">Serge Koussevitzky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">commission</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Orchestra_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók)">Concerto for Orchestra</a>. Koussevitsky's <a href="/wiki/Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Boston Symphony Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</a> premiered the work in December 1944 to highly positive reviews. The Concerto for Orchestra quickly became Bartók's most popular work, although he did not live to see its full impact.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944, he was also commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a> to write a <a href="/wiki/Sonata_for_Solo_Violin_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Sonata for Solo Violin (Bartók)">Sonata for Solo Violin</a>. In 1945, Bartók composed his <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._3_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Piano Concerto No. 3 (Bartók)">Piano Concerto No. 3</a>, a graceful and almost neo-classical work, as a surprise 42nd birthday present for Ditta, but he died just over a month before her birthday, with the scoring not quite finished. He had also sketched his <a href="/wiki/Viola_Concerto_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Viola Concerto (Bartók)">Viola Concerto</a>, but had barely started the scoring at his death, leaving completed only the viola part and sketches of the orchestral part. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HUF_1000_1983_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HUF_1000_1983_obverse.jpg/220px-HUF_1000_1983_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HUF_1000_1983_obverse.jpg/330px-HUF_1000_1983_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HUF_1000_1983_obverse.jpg/440px-HUF_1000_1983_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Béla Bartók's portrait on 1000 <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Hungarian forint</a> banknote (printed between 1983 and 1992; no longer in circulation)</figcaption></figure> <p>Béla Bartók died at age 64 in a hospital in New York City from complications of <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a> (specifically, of secondary <a href="/wiki/Polycythemia" title="Polycythemia">polycythemia</a>) on 26 September 1945. His funeral was attended by only ten people. Aside from his widow and their son, other attendees included <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_S%C3%A1ndor" title="György Sándor">György Sándor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bartók's body was initially interred in <a href="/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemetery" title="Ferncliff Cemetery">Ferncliff Cemetery</a> in Hartsdale, New York. During the final year of communist Hungary in the late 1980s, the Hungarian government, along with his two sons, Béla III and Péter, requested that his remains be exhumed and transferred back to <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> for burial, where Hungary arranged a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a> for him on 7 July 1988. He was re-interred at Budapest's <a href="/wiki/Farkasr%C3%A9ti_Cemetery" title="Farkasréti Cemetery">Farkasréti Cemetery</a>, next to the remains of Ditta, who died in 1982, one year after what would have been Béla Bartók's 100th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChalmers1995214_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChalmers1995214-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two unfinished works were later completed by his pupil <a href="/wiki/Tibor_Serly" title="Tibor Serly">Tibor Serly</a>. György Sándor was the soloist in the first performance of the Third Piano Concerto on 8 February 1946. Ditta Pásztory-Bartók later played and recorded it. The Viola Concerto was revised and published in the 1990s by Bartók's son; this version may be closer to what Bartók intended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChalmers1995210_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChalmers1995210-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrently, Peter Bartók, in association with Argentinian musician Nelson Dellamaggiore, worked to reprint and revise past editions of the Third Piano Concerto.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESomfai1996_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESomfai1996-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="List of compositions by Béla Bartók">List of compositions by Béla Bartók</a></div> <p>Bartók's music reflects two trends that dramatically changed the sound of music in the 20th century: the breakdown of the <a href="/wiki/Diatonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatonic">diatonic</a> system of harmony that had served composers for the previous two hundred years;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGriffiths19787_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGriffiths19787-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the revival of nationalism as a source for musical inspiration, a trend that began with <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Mikhail Glinka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a> in the last half of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEinstein1947332_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEinstein1947332-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his search for new forms of tonality, Bartók turned to Hungarian folk music, as well as to other folk music of the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Basin">Carpathian Basin</a> and even of Algeria and Turkey; in so doing he became influential in that stream of modernism which used indigenous music and techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBotstein[n.d.]§6_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBotstein[n.d.]§6-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One characteristic style of music is his <a href="/wiki/Night_music_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Night music (Bartók)">Night music</a>, which he used mostly in slow movements of multi-movement ensemble or orchestral compositions in his mature period. It is characterised by "eerie <a href="/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">dissonances</a> providing a backdrop to sounds of nature and lonely melodies".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider200684_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider200684-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is the third movement (Adagio) of his <i>Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta</i>. His music can be grouped roughly in accordance with the different periods in his life.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_(1890–1902)"><span id="Early_years_.281890.E2.80.931902.29"></span>Early years (1890–1902)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early years (1890–1902)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1903.jpg/220px-Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1903.jpg/330px-Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Bart%C3%B3k_B%C3%A9la_1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Bartók in 1903</figcaption></figure> <p>The works of Bartók's youth were written in a classical and early romantic style touched with influences of popular and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">romani</a> music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitron1963_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECitron1963-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Between 1890 and 1894 (9 to 13 years of age) he wrote 31 piano pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies2001_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although most of these were simple dance pieces, in these early works Bartók began to tackle some more advanced forms, as in his ten-part programmatic <i>A Duna folyása</i> ("The Course of the Danube", 1890–1894), which he played in his first public recital in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper201511_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper201511-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Catholic grammar school Bartók took to studying the scores of composers "from <a href="/wiki/Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="Bach">Bach</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wagner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner">Wagner</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreux197418_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreux197418-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his compositions then advancing in style and taking on similarities to <a href="/wiki/Schumann" class="mw-redirect" title="Schumann">Schumann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brahms" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahms">Brahms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper201514_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper201514-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his matriculation into the Budapest Academy in 1890 he composed very little, though he began to work on exercises in orchestration and familiarized himself thoroughly with the operas of Wagner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens199312_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens199312-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1902 his creative energies were revitalized by the discovery of the music of Richard Strauss, whose tone poem <i>Also sprach Zarathustra</i>, according to Bartók, "stimulated the greatest enthusiasm in me; at last I saw the way that lay before me". Bartók also owned the score to <a href="/wiki/Ein_Heldenleben" title="Ein Heldenleben"><i>A Hero's Life</i></a>, which he transcribed for the piano and committed to memory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens199315–16_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens199315–16-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_influences_(1903–1911)"><span id="New_influences_.281903.E2.80.931911.29"></span>New influences (1903–1911)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: New influences (1903–1911)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the influence of Strauss, Bartók composed in 1903 <i>Kossuth</i>, a symphonic poem in ten tableaux on the subject of the 1848 Hungarian war of independence, reflecting the composers growing interest in musical nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens199317_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens199317-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later he renewed his opus numbers with the <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody,_Op._1_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Rhapsody, Op. 1 (Bartók)"><i>Rhapsody for Piano and Orchestra</i></a> serving as Opus 1. Driven by nationalistic fervor and a desire to transcend the influence of prior composers, Bartók began a lifelong devotion to folk music, which was sparked by his overhearing nanny Lidi Dósa's singing of Transylvanian folk songs at a Hungarian resort in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens199322_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens199322-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartók began to collect Magyar peasant melodies, later extending to the folk music of other peoples of the Carpathian Basin, Slovaks, Romanians, Rusyns, Serbs and Croatians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreux197460_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreux197460-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used fewer and fewer romantic elements, in favour of an idiom that embodied folk music as intrinsic and essential to its style. Later in life he commented on the incorporation of folk and art music:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisk1997271_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk1997271-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>The question is, what are the ways in which peasant music is taken over and becomes transmuted into modern music? We may, for instance, take over a peasant melody unchanged or only slightly varied, write an accompaniment to it and possibly some opening and concluding phrases. This kind of work would show a certain analogy with Bach's treatment of chorales. ... Another method ... is the following: the composer does not make use of a real peasant melody but invents his own imitation of such melodies. There is no true difference between this method and the one described above. ... There is yet a third way ... Neither peasant melodies nor imitations of peasant melodies can be found in his music, but it is pervaded by the atmosphere of peasant music. In this case we may say, he has completely absorbed the idiom of peasant music which has become his musical mother tongue. </p> </blockquote> <p>Bartók became first acquainted with Debussy's music in 1907 and regarded his music highly. In an interview in 1939 Bartók said:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreux195392_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreux195392-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>Debussy's great service to music was to reawaken among all musicians an awareness of harmony and its possibilities. In that, he was just as important as Beethoven, who revealed to us the possibilities of progressive form, or as Bach, who showed us the transcendent significance of counterpoint. Now, what I am always asking myself is this: is it possible to make a synthesis of these three great masters, a living synthesis that will be valid for our time? </p> </blockquote> <p>Debussy's influence is present in the Fourteen Bagatelles (1908). These made <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Ferruccio Busoni</a> exclaim: "At last something truly new!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók19482:83_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók19482:83-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 1911, Bartók composed widely differing works which ranged from adherence to romantic style, to folk song arrangements and to his modernist opera <i>Bluebeard's Castle</i>. The negative reception of his work led him to focus on folk music research after 1911 and abandon composition with the exception of folk music arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies1993404_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies1993404-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens196447–49_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens196447–49-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspiration_and_experimentation_(1916–1921)"><span id="Inspiration_and_experimentation_.281916.E2.80.931921.29"></span>Inspiration and experimentation (1916–1921)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Inspiration and experimentation (1916–1921)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His pessimistic attitude towards composing was lifted by the stormy and inspiring contact with Klára Gombossy in the summer of 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies1993405_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies1993405-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This interesting episode in Bartók's life remained hidden until it was researched by Denijs Dille between 1979 and 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDille1990257–277_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDille1990257–277-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartók started composing again, including the Suite for piano opus 14 (1916), and <i>The Miraculous Mandarin</i> (1919)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he completed <i>The Wooden Prince</i> (1917).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bartók felt the result of World War I as a personal tragedy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens19933_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens19933-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many regions he loved were severed from <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> (where he was born), and Bratislava (Pozsony, where his mother had lived). Additionally, the political relations between Hungary and other successor states to the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian empire">Austro-Hungarian empire</a> prohibited his folk music research outside of Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESomfai199618_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESomfai199618-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartók also wrote the noteworthy <i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Improvisations_on_Hungarian_Peasant_Songs" title="Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs">Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs</a></i> in 1920 and the sunny <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Suite_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Dance Suite (Bartók)">Dance Suite</a></i> in 1923, the year of his second marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Synthesis_of_East_and_West"_(1926–1945)"><span id=".22Synthesis_of_East_and_West.22_.281926.E2.80.931945.29"></span>"Synthesis of East and West" (1926–1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "Synthesis of East and West" (1926–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1926, Bartók needed a significant piece for piano and orchestra with which he could tour in Europe and America. He was particularly inspired by American composer <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a>'s controversial use of intense <a href="/wiki/Tone_clusters" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone clusters">tone clusters</a> on the piano while touring western Europe. Bartók happened to be present at one of these concerts and (to avoid causing offence) later requested Cowell's permission to use his technique, which Cowell granted. In the preparation for writing his <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._1_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Piano Concerto No. 1 (Bartók)">first Piano Concerto</a>, he wrote his Sonata, <i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Doors_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Out of Doors (Bartók)">Out of Doors</a></i>, and <i>Nine Little Pieces</i>, all for solo piano, and all of which prominently utilize clusters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies1993173_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies1993173-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He increasingly found his own voice in his maturity. The style of his last period –  named "Synthesis of East and West"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies1993189_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies1993189-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –  is hard to define let alone to put under one term. In his mature period, Bartók wrote relatively few works but most of them are large-scale compositions for large settings. Only his voice works have programmatic titles and his late works often adhere to classical forms.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among Bartók's most important works are the six <a href="/wiki/List_of_string_quartets_by_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="List of string quartets by Béla Bartók">string quartets</a> (1909, 1917, 1927, 1928, 1934, and 1939), the <i><a href="/wiki/Cantata_Profana" title="Cantata Profana">Cantata Profana</a></i> (1930), which Bartók declared was the work he felt and professed to be his most personal "credo",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzabolcsi1974186_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzabolcsi1974186-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i>Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta</i> (1936),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies2001_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Concerto for Orchestra (1943) and the Third Piano Concerto (1945).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper2015_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper2015-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He made a lasting contribution to the literature for younger students: for his son Péter's music lessons, he composed <i><a href="/wiki/Mikrokosmos_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Mikrokosmos (Bartók)">Mikrokosmos</a></i>, a six-volume collection of graded piano pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies2001_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_analysis">Musical analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Musical analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartok_Bela_Baja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bartok_Bela_Baja.jpg/220px-Bartok_Bela_Baja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bartok_Bela_Baja.jpg/330px-Bartok_Bela_Baja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Bartok_Bela_Baja.jpg/440px-Bartok_Bela_Baja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Béla Bartók memorial plaque in <a href="/wiki/Baja,_Hungary" title="Baja, Hungary">Baja, Hungary</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wilson_(music_theorist)" title="Paul Wilson (music theorist)">Paul Wilson</a> lists as the most prominent characteristics of Bartók's music from late 1920s onwards the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian basin">Carpathian basin</a> and European art music, and his changing attitude toward (and use of) tonality, but without the use of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_functionality" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatonic functionality">harmonic functions</a> associated with major and minor scales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson19922–4_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson19922–4-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Bartók claimed in his writings that his music was always tonal, he rarely used the chords or scales normally associated with tonality, and so the descriptive resources of tonal theory are of limited use. <a href="/wiki/George_Perle" title="George Perle">George</a> <a href="#CITEREFPerle1955">Perle (1955)</a> and Elliott <a href="#CITEREFAntokoletz1984">Antokoletz (1984)</a> focus on his alternative methods of signaling tonal centers, via axes of <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(music)#Inversional_equivalency" title="Inversion (music)">inversional symmetry</a>. Others view Bartók's axes of symmetry in terms of atonal analytic protocols. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cohn" title="Richard Cohn">Richard</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohn1988">Cohn (1988)</a> argues that inversional symmetry is often a byproduct of another atonal procedure, the formation of chords from transpositionally related dyads. Atonal pitch-class theory also furnishes resources for exploring <a href="/wiki/Polymodal_chromaticism" title="Polymodal chromaticism">polymodal chromaticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Projected_set" title="Projected set">projected sets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privileged_pattern" title="Privileged pattern">privileged patterns</a>, and large set types used as source sets such as the equal tempered twelve tone <a href="/wiki/Tone_row#total_chromatic" title="Tone row">aggregate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Octatonic_scale" title="Octatonic scale">octatonic scale</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Alpha_chord" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha chord">alpha chord</a>), the diatonic and <i>heptatonia secunda</i> seven-note scales, and less often the whole tone scale and the primary pentatonic collection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson199224–29_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson199224–29-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He rarely used the simple aggregate actively to shape musical structure, though there are notable examples such as the second theme from the first movement of his <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._2_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Violin Concerto No. 2 (Bartók)">Second Violin Concerto</a>, of which he commented that he "wanted to show <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a> that one can use all twelve tones and still remain tonal".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies1990185_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies1990185-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More thoroughly, in the first eight measures of the last movement of his Second Quartet, all notes gradually gather with the twelfth (G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>) sounding for the first time on the last beat of measure 8, marking the end of the first section. The aggregate is partitioned in the opening of the Third String Quartet with C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>–D–D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>–E in the accompaniment (strings) while the remaining pitch classes are used in the melody (violin 1) and more often as 7–35 (diatonic or "white-key" collection) and 5–35 (pentatonic or "black-key" collection) such as in no. 6 of the <i>Eight Improvisations</i>. There, the primary theme is on the black keys in the left hand, while the right accompanies with triads from the white keys. In measures 50–51 in the third movement of the Fourth Quartet, the first violin and cello play black-key chords, while the second violin and viola play stepwise diatonic lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson199225_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson199225-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, from as early as the Suite for piano, Op. 14 (1914), he occasionally employed a form of <a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">serialism</a> based on compound interval cycles, some of which are maximally distributed, multi-aggregate cycles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartins2006_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartins2006-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGollin2007_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGollin2007-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ern%C5%91_Lendvai" title="Ernő Lendvai">Ernő Lendvai</a> analyses Bartók's works as being based on two opposing tonal systems, that of the <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_scale" title="Acoustic scale">acoustic scale</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Axis_system" title="Axis system">axis system</a>, as well as using the <a href="/wiki/Golden_ratio" title="Golden ratio">golden section</a> as a structural principle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELendvai1971_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELendvai1971-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a>, in his 1949 review of Bartók's string quartets, criticized Bartók for using tonality and non-tonal methods unique to each piece. Babbitt noted that "Bartók's solution was a specific one, it cannot be duplicated".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabbitt1949385_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabbitt1949385-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartók's use of "two organizational principles"—tonality for large scale relationships and the piece-specific method for moment to moment thematic elements—was a problem for Babbitt, who worried that the "highly attenuated tonality" requires extreme non-harmonic methods to create a feeling of closure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBabbitt1949377–378_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabbitt1949377–378-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catalogues">Catalogues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Catalogues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cataloguing of Bartók's works is somewhat complex. Bartók assigned opus numbers to his works three times, the last of these series ending with the Sonata for Violin and Piano No. 1, Op. 21 in 1921. He ended this practice because of the difficulty of distinguishing between original works and ethnographic arrangements, and between major and minor works. Since his death, three attempts—two full and one partial—have been made at cataloguing. The first, and still most widely used, is <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Sz%C5%91ll%C5%91sy" title="András Szőllősy">András Szőllősy</a>'s chronological Sz. numbers, from 1 to 121. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denijs_Dille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denijs Dille (page does not exist)">Denijs Dille</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denijs_Dille" class="extiw" title="nl:Denijs Dille">nl</a>]</span> subsequently reorganised the juvenilia (Sz. 1–25) thematically, as DD numbers 1 to 77. The most recent catalogue is that of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Somfai" title="László Somfai">László Somfai</a>; this is a chronological index with works identified by BB numbers 1 to 129, incorporating corrections based on the Béla Bartók Thematic Catalogue. </p><p>On 1 January 2016, Bartók's works entered the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Together with his like-minded contemporary <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly" title="Zoltán Kodály">Zoltán Kodály</a>, Bartók embarked on an extensive programme of field research to capture the folk and peasant melodies of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Magyar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> language territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoreux197460_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreux197460-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first they transcribed the melodies by hand, but later they began to use a wax cylinder recording machine invented by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók2018_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók2018-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Compilations of Bartók's field recordings, interviews, and original piano playing have been released over the years, largely by the Hungarian record label <a href="/wiki/Hungaroton" title="Hungaroton">Hungaroton</a>: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók1994">Bartók, Béla. 1994. <i>Bartók at the Piano</i>. Hungaroton 12326. 6-CD set.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók1995a">Bartók, Béla. 1995a. <i>Bartók Plays Bartók – Bartók at the Piano 1929–41</i>. Pearl 9166. CD recording.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók1995b">Bartók, Béla. 1995b. <i>Bartók Recordings from Private Collections</i>. Hungaroton 12334. CD recording.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók2003">Bartók, Béla. 2003. <i>Bartók Plays Bartók</i>. Pearl 179. CD recording.</cite></li> <li>Bartók, Béla. 2003. <i>Bartók Sonata for 2 Pianos & Percussion, Suite for 2 Pianos.</i> Apex 0927-49569-2. CD recording.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók2007">Bartók, Béla. 2007. <i>Bartók: Contrasts, Mikrokosmos</i>. Membran/Documents 223546. CD recording.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók2008">Bartók, Béla. 2008. <i>Bartók Plays Bartók</i>. Urania 340. CD recording.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók2016">Bartók, Béla. 2016. <i>Bartók the Pianist</i>. Hungaroton HCD32790-91. Two CDs. Works by Bartók, Domenico Scarlatti, Zoltán Kodály, and Franz Liszt.</cite></li></ul> <p>A compilation of field recordings and transcriptions for two violas was also recently released by Tantara Records in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 March 2016 <a href="/wiki/Decca_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Decca Classics">Decca Classics</a> released <i>Béla Bartók: The Complete Works</i>, the first ever complete compilation of all of Bartók's compositions, including new recordings of never-before-recorded early piano and vocal works. However, none of the composer's own performances are included in this 32-disc set.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statues_and_other_memorials">Statues and other memorials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Statues and other memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k,_Mak%C3%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Statue_of_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k%2C_Mak%C3%B3.jpg/220px-Statue_of_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k%2C_Mak%C3%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Statue_of_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k%2C_Mak%C3%B3.jpg/330px-Statue_of_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k%2C_Mak%C3%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Statue_of_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k%2C_Mak%C3%B3.jpg/440px-Statue_of_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k%2C_Mak%C3%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Bartók in <a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3" title="Makó">Makó</a>, Hungary</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Musik_Meile_Wien,_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_(30).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Musik_Meile_Wien%2C_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_%2830%29.jpg/220px-Musik_Meile_Wien%2C_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_%2830%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Musik_Meile_Wien%2C_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_%2830%29.jpg/330px-Musik_Meile_Wien%2C_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_%2830%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Musik_Meile_Wien%2C_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_%2830%29.jpg/440px-Musik_Meile_Wien%2C_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_%2830%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4344" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Walk of Fame, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_at_South_Kensington_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_1881-1945_Hungarian_composer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Statue_at_South_Kensington_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_1881-1945_Hungarian_composer.jpg/220px-Statue_at_South_Kensington_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_1881-1945_Hungarian_composer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Statue_at_South_Kensington_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_1881-1945_Hungarian_composer.jpg/330px-Statue_at_South_Kensington_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_1881-1945_Hungarian_composer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Statue_at_South_Kensington_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_1881-1945_Hungarian_composer.jpg/440px-Statue_at_South_Kensington_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_1881-1945_Hungarian_composer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Statue at South Kensington, London SW7</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>A statue of Bartók stands in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium, near the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels Central Station">central train station</a> in a public square, Spanjeplein-Place d'Espagne.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDicaire2010145_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDicaire2010145-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A statue stands outside Malvern Court, London, south of the <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington_tube_station" title="South Kensington tube station">South Kensington tube station</a>, and just north of Sydney Place. An <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a>, unveiled in 1997, now commemorates Bartók at 7 Sydney Place, where he stayed when performing in London.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2012_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2012-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A statue of him was installed in front of the house in which Bartók spent his last eight years in Hungary, at Csalán út 29, in the hills above Budapest. It is now operated as the Béla Bartók Memorial House (Bartók Béla Emlékház).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETudzin2010_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETudzin2010-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copies of this statue also stand in <a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3" title="Makó">Makó</a> (the closest Hungarian city to his birthplace, which is now in Romania), Paris, London and Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A bust and plaque located at his last residence, in New York City at 309 W. <a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th Street</a>, inscribed: "The Great Hungarian Composer / Béla Bartók / (1881–1945) / Made His Home In This House / During the Last Year of His Life".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatthews2012_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthews2012-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A bust of him is located in the front yard of <a href="/wiki/Ankara_State_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankara State Conservatory">Ankara State Conservatory</a>, Ankara, Turkey, next to the bust of <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Adnan_Saygun" title="Ahmet Adnan Saygun">Ahmet Adnan Saygun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bachtrack_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bachtrack-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A bronze statue of Bartók, sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Imre_Varga" title="Imre Varga">Imre Varga</a> in 2005, stands in the front lobby of <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Conservatory_of_Music" title="The Royal Conservatory of Music">The Royal Conservatory of Music</a>, 273 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</li> <li>A bronze bust of Bartók stands in the <a href="/wiki/Anton_Scudier_Central_Park" title="Anton Scudier Central Park">Anton Scudier Central Park</a> in Timișoara, Romania. This park has an "Alley of Personalities", set up in 2009 and featuring busts of famous "Romanians". Sânnicolau Mare (Nagyszentmiklós in Hungarian), the small town where Bartók was born in 1881, is situated some 58 kilometres north-west of Timișoara, and is just inside Romania today, near the border with Hungary.</li> <li>A statue of Bartók, sculpted by Varga, stands near the river <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> in the public park at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Square Béla Bartók (page does not exist)">Square Béla Bartók</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" class="extiw" title="fr:Square Béla Bartók">fr</a>]</span>, 26 place de Brazzaville, in Paris, France.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Also to be noted, in the same park, a sculptural transcription of the composer's research on tonal harmony, the fountain/sculpture <i>Cristaux</i> designed by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Lechevallier" title="Jean-Yves Lechevallier">Jean-Yves Lechevallier</a> in 1980.</li> <li>An expressionist sculpture by Hungarian sculptor <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Beck" title="András Beck">András Beck</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Henri-Collet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Square Henri-Collet (page does not exist)">Square Henri-Collet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Henri-Collet" class="extiw" title="fr:Square Henri-Collet">fr</a>]</span>, Paris <a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="16th arrondissement of Paris">16th arrondissement</a>.</li> <li>A statue of him also stands in the city centre of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Târgu Mureș">Târgu Mureș</a>, Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-bachtrack_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bachtrack-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A statue (seated) of Bartók is also situated in front of Nako Castle, in his hometown, <a href="/wiki/Nagyszentmikl%C3%B3s" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagyszentmiklós">Nagyszentmiklós</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bartok has star on the Walk of Fame on Karlsplatz-Passage in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillies2001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies2001_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies2001_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies2001_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillies2001_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGillies2001">Gillies 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mahlerfoundation.org/mahler/contemporaries/bela-bartok/#:~:text=Through%20his%20collection%20and%20analytical,musicology%2C%20which%20later%20became%20ethnomusicology.&text=B%C3%A9la%20Bart%C3%B3k%20was%20born%20in,)%20on%20March%2025%2C%201881.">"Bela Bartok (1881–1945)"</a>. <i>mahlerfoundation.org</i>. 16 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207081056/https://mahlerfoundation.org/mahler/contemporaries/bela-bartok/#:~:text=Through%20his%20collection%20and%20analytical,musicology%2C%20which%20later%20became%20ethnomusicology.&text=B%C3%A9la%20Bart%C3%B3k%20was%20born%20in,)%20on%20March%2025%2C%201881.">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PicClick&rft.atitle=Christmas+Wishes+Silver+Coin+Father+Christmas+Santa+Stocking+Filler+Tree+Magical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpicclick.com%2FChristmas-Wishes-Silver-Coin-Father-Christmas-Santa-Stocking-266318245729.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGetting2020-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGetting2020_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGetting2020">Getting 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartók197614-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartók197614_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBartók1976">Bartók 1976</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchonberg1997" class="citation book cs1">Schonberg, Harold C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mahler+Foundation&rft.atitle=Bela+Bartok+%281881%E2%80%931945%29&rft.date=2015-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmahlerfoundation.org%2Fmahler%2Fcontemporaries%2Fbela-bartok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fontelles-Ramonet-2020_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFontelles-Ramonet2020" class="citation journal cs1">Fontelles-Ramonet, Albert (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://institutdelteatre.academia.edu/fontellesramonet">"La Cobla Barcelona (1922–1938). Un projecte noucentista"</a>. <i>Doctoral Thesis, PHD, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091846/https://institutdelteatre.academia.edu/fontellesramonet">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Doctoral+Thesis%2C+PHD%2C+Universitat+Aut%C3%B2noma+de+Barcelona&rft.atitle=La+Cobla+Barcelona+%281922%E2%80%931938%29.+Un+projecte+noucentista&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Fontelles-Ramonet&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finstitutdelteatre.academia.edu%2Ffontellesramonet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖzgentürk2008-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖzgentürk2008_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖzgentürk2008">Özgentürk 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESipos2000-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESipos2000_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSipos2000">Sipos 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzabó1950" class="citation journal cs1">Szabó, Ferenc (September 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.zti.hu/mza_folyoirat/pdf/UZSz_1950_I_04.pdf">"Bartók nem alkuszik"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Új Zenei Szemle</i>. <b>1</b> (4): 3–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124161955/http://db.zti.hu/mza_folyoirat/pdf/UZSz_1950_I_04.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%9Aj+Zenei+Szemle&rft.atitle=Bart%C3%B3k+nem+alkuszik&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3-12&rft.date=1950-09&rft.aulast=Szab%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Ferenc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.zti.hu%2Fmza_folyoirat%2Fpdf%2FUZSz_1950_I_04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-musicapp-medieval-modern/chapter/bela-bartok/">"Bela Bartok | Music 101"</a>. <i>courses.lumenlearning.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704192914/https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-musicapp-medieval-modern/chapter/bela-bartok/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=courses.lumenlearning.com&rft.atitle=Bela+Bartok+%7C+Music+101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcourses.lumenlearning.com%2Fsuny-musicapp-medieval-modern%2Fchapter%2Fbela-bartok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGagné2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidppHoEX_6v10CpgPA28_p._28]:_"He_became_a_U.S._citizen_in_1945,_but_by_then_had_developed_leukemia,_and_he_soon_died..."-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGagné2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidppHoEX_6v10CpgPA28_p._28]:_"He_became_a_U.S._citizen_in_1945,_but_by_then_had_developed_leukemia,_and_he_soon_died..."_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGagné2012">Gagné 2012</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppHoEX_6v10C&pg=PA28">p. 28</a>: "He became a U.S. citizen in 1945, but by then had developed leukemia, and he soon died...".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-epcc-musicappreciation/chapter/bela-bartok/">"Bela Bartok – Music Appreciation"</a>. <i>courses.lumenlearning.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128131610/https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-epcc-musicappreciation/chapter/bela-bartok/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Musicologica+Academiae+Scientiarum+Hungaricae&rft.atitle=Problems+of+the+Chronological+Organization+of+the+B%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k+Thematic+Index+in+Preparation&rft.volume=T.+34&rft.issue=Fasc.+3%2F4&rft.pages=345-366&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F902287&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F902287%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Somfai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F902287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper201511-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper201511_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2015">Cooper 2015</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoreux197418-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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English Heritage website (Accessed 19 October 2012).</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2012-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2012_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2012">Jones 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETudzin2010-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETudzin2010_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTudzin2010">Tudzin 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/Hungary/West/Budapest/photo1510507.htm">"Béla Bartók statue"</a>. <i>www.trekearth.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130053600/https://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/Hungary/West/Budapest/photo1510507.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.trekearth.com&rft.atitle=B%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k+statue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trekearth.com%2Fgallery%2FEurope%2FHungary%2FWest%2FBudapest%2Fphoto1510507.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatthews2012-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatthews2012_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatthews2012">Matthews 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bachtrack-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bachtrack_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bachtrack_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiscia-Beaurenaut2021" class="citation web cs1">Liscia-Beaurenaut, Pierre (5 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bachtrack.com/feature-bartok-statues-around-the-world-may-2021">"Retracing Bartók's footsteps: a statuesque world-tour"</a>. <i>bachtrack.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220718063951/https://bachtrack.com/feature-bartok-statues-around-the-world-may-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bachtrack.com&rft.atitle=Retracing+Bart%C3%B3k%27s+footsteps%3A+a+statuesque+world-tour&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft.aulast=Liscia-Beaurenaut&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbachtrack.com%2Ffeature-bartok-statues-around-the-world-may-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="Reference-{{{id}}}">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eutouring.com/square_bela_bartok.html">Square Béla Bartók in Paris</a>" Eutouring.com website (2 August) (accessed 4 July 2014).</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voceatimisului.ro/statuia-compozitorului-bela-bartok-dezvelita-in-fata-castelului-din-sannicolau-mare-ce-personalitati-au-luat-parte-la-eveniment/">"Statuia compozitorului Béla Bartók, dezvelită în fața castelului din Sânnicolau Mare. Ce personalități au luat parte la eveniment"</a> (in Romanian). 6 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928165930/https://voceatimisului.ro/statuia-compozitorului-bela-bartok-dezvelita-in-fata-castelului-din-sannicolau-mare-ce-personalitati-au-luat-parte-la-eveniment/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statuia+compozitorului+B%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k%2C+dezvelit%C4%83+%C3%AEn+fa%C8%9Ba+castelului+din+S%C3%A2nnicolau+Mare.+Ce+personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi+au+luat+parte+la+eveniment&rft.date=2015-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoceatimisului.ro%2Fstatuia-compozitorului-bela-bartok-dezvelita-in-fata-castelului-din-sannicolau-mare-ce-personalitati-au-luat-parte-la-eveniment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://austria-forum.org/af/Bilder_und_Videos/Bilder_Wien/1010_Gedenktafeln/4086">"Bela Bartok-Gedenkstern"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bela+Bartok-Gedenkstern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faustria-forum.org%2Faf%2FBilder_und_Videos%2FBilder_Wien%2F1010_Gedenktafeln%2F4086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFAntokoletz1984">Antokoletz, Elliott. 1984. <i>The Music of Béla Bartók: A Study of Tonality and Progression in Twentieth-Century Music</i>. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04604-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04604-7">978-0-520-04604-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBabbitt1949"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Babbitt, Milton</a>. 1949. "The String Quartets of Bartók". <i>Musical Quarterly</i> 35 (July): 377–85. Reprinted in <i>The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt</i>, edited by Stephen Peles, with Stephen Dembski, Andrew Mead, and Joseph N. Straus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7616.pdf">1–9</a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-08966-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-08966-9">978-0-691-08966-9</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók1948">Bartók, Béla. 1948. <i>Levelek, fényképek, kéziratok, kották.</i> [Letters, photographs, manuscripts, scores], ed. János Demény, 2 vols. A Muvészeti Tanács könyvei, 1.–2. sz. Budapest: Magyar Muvészeti Tanács. English edition, as <i>Béla Bartók: Letters</i>, translated by Péter Balabán and István Farkas; translation revised by Elisabeth West and Colin Mason (London: Faber and Faber Ltd.; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1971). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-09638-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-09638-1">978-0-571-09638-1</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók1976">Bartók, Béla. 1976. <i>Essays</i>, selected and edited by Benjamin Suchoff. The New York Bartók Archive Studies in Musicology, No. 8. London: Faber & Faber; New York: St. Martin's Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-10120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-10120-7">978-0-571-10120-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBartók2018">Bartók, Béla. 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Romanian Folk Dances</i> (Sheet music), London: <a href="/wiki/Wise_Music_Group#Chester_Music" title="Wise Music Group">Chester Music</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romanian+Folk+Dances&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chester+Music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDecca2016" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><i>Bartók: Complete Works</i>. Decca Records. 2016. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/945742125">945742125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bart%C3%B3k%3A+Complete+Works&rft.pub=Decca+Records&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F945742125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBotstein[n.d.]"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Botstein" title="Leon Botstein">Botstein, Leon</a>. [n.d.] "Modernism", <i>Grove Music Online</i>, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 29 April 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">(subscription access)</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFChalmers1995">Chalmers, Kenneth. 1995. <i>Béla Bartók</i>. 20th-Century Composers. London: Phaidon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3164-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-3164-0">978-0-7148-3164-0</a> (pbk).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCitron1963" class="citation book cs1">Citron, Pierre (1963). <i>Bartok</i>. Paris: Editions du Seuil. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1577771">1577771</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bartok.&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Editions+du+Seuil&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1577771&rft.aulast=Citron&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFCohn1988">Cohn, Richard, 1988. "Inversional Symmetry and Transpositional Combination in Bartók." <i>Music Theory Spectrum</i> 10:19–42.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFCooper2015">Cooper, David. 2015. <i>Béla Bartók</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21307-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21307-2">978-0-300-21307-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Toth1999" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">de Toth, June (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070408124358/http://www.bartokcds.com/bio.html">"Béla Bartók: A Biography"</a>. <i>Béla Bartók: Solo Piano Works</i> (liner notes). Béla Bartók. Eroica Classical Recordings. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29737219">29737219</a>. JDT 3136. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartokcds.com/bio.html">the original</a> on 8 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k%3A+Solo+Piano+Works&rft.pub=Eroica+Classical+Recordings&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29737219&rft.aulast=de+Toth&rft.aufirst=June&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartokcds.com%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFDicaire2010">Dicaire, David. 2010. <i>The Early Years of Folk Music: Fifty Founders of the Tradition</i>. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5737-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5737-3">978-0-7864-5737-3</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFDille1990">Dille, Denijs. 1990. Béla Bartók: Regard sur le Passé. (French, no English version available). Namur: Presses universitaires de Namur. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87037-168-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87037-168-8">978-2-87037-168-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87037-168-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87037-168-8">978-2-87037-168-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFEinstein1947"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Einstein" title="Alfred Einstein">Einstein, Alfred</a>. 1947. <i>Music in the Romantic Era</i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFFisk1997">Fisk, Josiah (ed.). 1997. <i>Composers on Music: Eight Centuries of Writings: A New and Expanded Revision of Morgenstern's Classic Anthology</i>. Boston: Northeastern University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-279-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-279-6">978-1-55553-279-6</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGagné2012">Gagné, Nicole V. 2012. <i>Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music</i>. Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6765-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6765-9">978-0-8108-6765-9</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGetting2020">Getting, Peter. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.sme.sk/c/22398037/slovenske-poklady-zozbieral-skladatel-svetoveho-mena.html">Zomieral s pocitom, že jeho práca bola daromná. Našťastie nebula. Bartók zanechal monumentálne dielo</a>. SME.sk (accessed 9 May 2020).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGillies1990"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Gillies" title="Malcolm Gillies">Gillies, Malcolm</a> (ed.). 1990. <i>Bartók Remembered</i>. London: Faber. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-14243-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-14243-9">978-0-571-14243-9</a> (cased) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-14244-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-14244-6">978-0-571-14244-6</a> (pbk).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGillies1993">Gillies, Malcolm (ed.). 1993. <i>The Bartók Companion</i>. London: Faber. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-15330-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-15330-5">978-0-571-15330-5</a> (cloth), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-15331-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-15331-2">978-0-571-15331-2</a> (pbk); New York: Hal Leonard. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-931340-74-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-931340-74-1">978-0-931340-74-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGillies2001">Gillies, Malcolm. 2001. "Béla Bartók". <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>, second edition, edited by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">John Tyrrell</a>. London: Macmillan Publishers. Also in <i>Grove Music Online</i>, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 23 May 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grovemusic.com">(subscription access)</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGollin2007">Gollin, Edward. 2007. "Multi-Aggregate Cycles and Multi-Aggregate Serial Techniques in the Music of Béla Bartók". <i>Music Theory Spectrum</i> 29, no. 2 (Fall): 143–76.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGriffiths1978"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Griffiths_(writer)" title="Paul Griffiths (writer)">Griffiths, Paul</a>. 1978. <i>A Concise History of Modern Music</i>. London: Thames and Hudson. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-20164-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-20164-0">978-0-500-20164-0</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFGriffiths1988">Griffiths, Paul. 1988. <i>Bartók</i>. London: JM Dent & Sons Ltd.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHooker2001">Hooker, Lynn. 2001. "The Political and Cultural Climate in Hungary at the Turn of the Twentieth Century". In <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4uInwtVVfxMC">The Cambridge Companion to Bartók</a></i>, edited by Amanda Bayley, 7–23. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Companions to Music">Cambridge Companions to Music</a>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66010-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66010-5">978-0-521-66010-5</a> (cloth); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66958-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66958-0">978-0-521-66958-0</a> (pbk).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHughes2001">Hughes, Peter. 2001. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207194032/https://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/belabartok.html">Béla Bartók</a>" in <i>Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography</i>. [n.p.]: Unitarian Universalist Historical Society. Archive from 7 December 2013 (accessed 24 October 2017).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFHughes2007">Hughes, Peter. 2007. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w5vIopoWMaUC&pg=PA21">Béla Bartók: Composer (1881–1945)</a>". In <i>Notable American Unitarians 1936–1961</i>, edited by Herbert Vetter, 21–22. Cambridge: Harvard Square Library. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-14784-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-14784-0">978-0-615-14784-0</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFJones2012">Jones, Tom. 2012. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiredoflondontiredoflife.com/2012/10/see-bela-bartok.html">See Béla Bartók</a>". Tired of London, Tired of Life blog site (8 October) (accessed 4 July 2014).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFKory2007">Kory, Agnes. 2007. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbcm.co.uk/main/fiddle.htm#1">Kodály, Bartók, and Fiddle Music in Bartók's Compositions</a>". Béla Bartók Centre for Musicianship website (accessed 27 September 2018).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFLendvai1971"><a href="/wiki/Ern%C5%91_Lendvai" title="Ernő Lendvai">Lendvai, Ernő</a>. 1971. <i>Béla Bartók: An Analysis of His Music</i>, introduced by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bush" title="Alan Bush">Alan Bush</a>. London: Kahn & Averill. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-900707-04-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-900707-04-9">978-0-900707-04-9</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/240301">240301</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMartins2006">Martins, José António Oliveira. 2006. "Dasian, Guidonian, and Affinity Spaces in Twentieth-century Music". Ph.D. diss. Chicago: University of Chicago.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMatthews2012">Matthews, Peter. 2012. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feastofmusic.com/feast_of_music/2012/01/bart%C3%B3k-in-new-york.html">Bartók in New York</a>". Feast of Music website (accessed 26 September 2018).</cite><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. blog site (September 2018)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMaurice2004">Maurice, Donald. 2004. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sI4sRzCR-s8C&pg=PA205">Bartók's Viola Concerto: The Remarkable Story of His Swansong</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195348118" title="Special:BookSources/9780195348118">9780195348118</a> (accessed 19 October 2017)</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMoreux1953">Moreux, Serge. 1953. <i>Béla Bartók</i>, translated <a href="/wiki/G._S._Fraser" class="mw-redirect" title="G. S. Fraser">G. S. Fraser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erik_de_Mauny" title="Erik de Mauny">Erik de Mauny</a>. London: The Harvill Press.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMoreux1974">Moreux. 1974. <i>Béla Bartók</i>, translated <a href="/wiki/G._S._Fraser" class="mw-redirect" title="G. S. Fraser">G. S. Fraser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erik_de_Mauny" title="Erik de Mauny">Erik de Mauny</a>, with a preface by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Arthur Honegger</a>. Partial reprint of <a href="#CITEREFMoreux1953">Moreux (1953)</a>. New York: Vienna House.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFMóser2006a">Móser, Zoltán. 2006a. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epa.oszk.hu/00700/00713/00175/pdf/2006_03.pdf">Szavak, feliratok, kivonatok</a>". <i>Tiszatáj</i> 60, no. 3 (March): 41–45.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFÖzgentürk2008"><a href="/wiki/Nebil_%C3%96zgent%C3%BCrk" title="Nebil Özgentürk">Özgentürk, Nebil</a>. 2008. <i>Türkiye'nin Hatıra Defteri</i>, episode 3. Istanbul: Bir Yudum İnsan Prodüksiyon LTD. ȘTİ. Turkish CNN television documentary series.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFPerle1955"><a href="/wiki/George_Perle" title="George Perle">Perle, George</a>. 1955. "Symmetrical Formations in the String Quartets of Béla Bartók". <i>Music Review</i> 16, no. 4 (November 1955). Reprinted in <i>The Right Notes: Twenty-Three Selected Essays by George Perle on Twentieth-Century Music</i>, foreword by Oliver Knussen, introduction by David Headlam, 189–205. Monographs in Musicology. Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-945193-37-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-945193-37-1">978-0-945193-37-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRockwell1982"><a href="/wiki/John_Rockwell" title="John Rockwell">Rockwell, John</a>. 1982. "Kodaly Was More Than a Composer". <i>The New York Times</i> (12 December).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFRodda1990–2018">Rodda, Richard E. 1990–2018. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennedy-center.org/artist/composition/2236">String Quartet No. 1 in A minor, Op. 7/Sz 40: About the Work</a>". The Kennedy Center website (accessed 27 September 2018).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSchneider2006">Schneider, David E. 2006. <i>Bartók, Hungary, and the Renewal of Tradition: Case Studies in the Intersection of Modernity and Nationality</i>. California Studies in 20th-Century Music 5. Berkeley: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24503-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24503-7">978-0-520-24503-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSipos2000">Sipos, János (ed.). 2000. <i>In the Wake of Bartók in Anatolia 1: Collection Near Adana</i>. Budapest: Ethnofon Records.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSomfai1996"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Somfai" title="László Somfai">Somfai, László</a>. 1996. <i>Béla Bartók: Composition, Concepts, and Autograph Sources</i>. Ernest Bloch Lectures in Music 9. Berkeley : University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08485-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08485-8">978-0-520-08485-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStevens1964">Stevens, Halsey. 1964. <i>The Life and Music of Béla Bartók</i>, second edition. New York: Oxford University Press. ASIN: B000NZ54ZS</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStevens1993">Stevens, Halsey. 1993. <i>The Life and Music of Béla Bartók</i>, third edition, prepared by Malcolm Gillies. New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198163497" title="Special:BookSources/9780198163497">9780198163497</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFStevens2018">Stevens, Halsey. 2018. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bela-Bartok#ref84023">Béla Bartók: Hungarian Composer</a>". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> online (accessed 27 September 2018).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSuchoff2001">Suchoff, Benjamin. 2001 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a1YQBD2ERgUC">Béla Bartók: Life and Work</a></i>. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4076-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4076-8">978-0-8108-4076-8</a> – via Google Books. (2001) (accessed 29 July 2019).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSzabolcsi1974">Szabolcsi, Bence. 1974. "Bartók Béla: Cantata profana". In <i>Miért szép századunk zenéje?</i> (Why is the music of the Twentieth century so beautiful?), edited by György Kroó, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Inclusive page numbers of Szabolcsi's contribution are needed (March 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Budapest: Gondolat <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-280-015-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-280-015-8">978-963-280-015-8</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFSzekernyés2017">Szekernyés János. 2017. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muvelodes.net/enciklopedia/bartokek-nagyszentmikloson">Bartókék Nagyszentmiklóson</a>" [Bartók in Nagyszentmiklós]. <i>Művelődés</i> 70 (July) (accessed 10 March 2019).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFTudzin2010">Tudzin, Jessica Taylor. 2010. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181240/http://www.bohemianink.net/?p=1384">Schooled in Bartók</a>". Bohemian Ink blog site (2 August) (accessed 4 July 2014).</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTantara2014" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><i>Voices From The Past: Béla Bartók's 44 Duos & Original Field Recordings</i>. <a href="/wiki/Tantara_Records" title="Tantara Records">Tantara Records</a>. 2014. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868907693">868907693</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voices+From+The+Past%3A+B%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k%27s+44+Duos+%26+Original+Field+Recordings&rft.pub=Tantara+Records&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868907693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm1989" class="citation book cs1">Wilhelm, Kurt (1989). <i>Richard Strauss: An intimate Portrait</i>. London: Thames and Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Strauss%3A+An+intimate+Portrait&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFWilson1992">Wilson, Paul. 1992. <i>The Music of Béla Bartók</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05111-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05111-7">978-0-300-05111-7</a>.</cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="Reference-{{{id}}}">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcanum.hu/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Nagyivan-nagy-ivan-magyarorszag-csaladai-1/kilencedik-kotet-796B/polereczky-csalad-85C6/#Nagyivan%5EDestination-1667">Polereczky család</a>". Arcanum.hu website (accessed 30 December 2019).</cite></li> <li>Bartók, Béla. 1976. "The Influence of Peasant Music on Modern Music (1931)". In <i>Béla Bartók Essays</i>, edited by Benjamin Suchoff, 340–44. London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_%26_Faber" title="Faber & Faber">Faber & Faber</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-10120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-10120-7">978-0-571-10120-7</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60900461">60900461</a></li> <li>Bartók, Béla. 1981. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DxsJAQAAMAAJ&q=szuhafo+bartok">The Hungarian Folk Song</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004150731/https://books.google.com/books?id=DxsJAQAAMAAJ&q=szuhafo+bartok">Archived</a> 4 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, second English edition, edited by Benjamin Suchoff, translated by Michel D. Calvocoressi, with annotations by Zoltán Kodály. The New York Bartók Archive Studies in Musicology 13. Albany: State University of New York Press.</li> <li>Bartók, Peter. 2002. "My Father". Homosassa, Florida, Bartók Records (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9641961-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9641961-2-4">978-0-9641961-2-4</a>).</li> <li>Bayley, Amanda (ed.). 2001. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4uInwtVVfxMC&pg=PA16">The Cambridge Companion to Bartók</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004150747/https://books.google.com/books?id=4uInwtVVfxMC&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> 4 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Companions_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Companions to Music">Cambridge Companions to Music</a>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66010-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66010-5">978-0-521-66010-5</a> (cloth); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66958-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66958-0">978-0-521-66958-0</a> (pbk).</li> <li>Bónis, Ferenc. 2006. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W7-iAQAACAAJ&q=%C3%89LET-K%C3%89PEK:+BART%C3%93K+B%C3%89LA">Élet-képek: Bartók Béla</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004150739/https://books.google.com/books?id=W7-iAQAACAAJ&q=%C3%89LET-K%C3%89PEK:+BART%C3%93K+B%C3%89LA">Archived</a> 4 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Budapest: Balassi Kiadó: Vávi Kft., Alföldi Nyomda Zrt. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-506-649-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-506-649-0">978-963-506-649-0</a>.</li> <li>Boys, Henry. 1945. "Béla Bartók 1881–1945". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a></i> 86, no. 1233 (November): 329–31.</li> <li>Cohn, Richard, 1992. "Bartók's Octatonic Strategies: A Motivic Approach." <i>Journal of the American Musicological Society</i> 44</li> <li>Czeizel, Endre. 1992. <i>Családfa: honnan jövünk, mik vagyunk, hová megyünk?</i> [Budapest]: Kossuth Könyvkiadó. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-09-3569-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-09-3569-2">978-963-09-3569-2</a></li> <li>Decca. 2016. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccaclassics.com/gb/cat/4789311">Béla Bartók: Complete Works: Int. Release 18 Mar. 2016: 32 CDs, 0289 478 9311 0</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820095955/http://www.deccaclassics.com/gb/cat/4789311">Archived</a> 20 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Welcome to Decca Classics: Catalogue, www.deccaclassics.com (accessed 19 August 2016).</li> <li>Fassett, Agatha, 1958. <i>The Naked Face of Genius: Béla Bartók's American Years.</i> Boston: Houghton Mifflin.</li> <li>Jyrkiäinen, Reijo. 2012. "Form, Monothematicism, Variation and Symmetry in Béla Bartók's String Quartets". Ph.D. diss. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-952-10-8040-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-952-10-8040-1">978-952-10-8040-1</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012085705/https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/33683">Abstract</a>).</li> <li>Kárpáti, János. 1975. <i>Bartók's String Quartets</i>, translated by Fred MacNicol. Budapest: Corvina Press.</li> <li>Kasparov, Andrey. 2000. "Third Piano Concerto in the Revised 1994 Edition: Newly Discovered Corrections by the Composer". <i>Hungarian Music Quarterly</i> 11, nos. 3–4:2–11.</li> <li>Leafstedt, Carl S. 1999. <i>Inside Bluebeard's Castle</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510999-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510999-3">978-0-19-510999-3</a></li> <li>Lendvai, Ernő. 1972. "Einführung in die Formen- und Harmoniewelt Bartóks" (1953). In his <i>Béla Bartók: Weg und Werk</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Bence_Szabolcsi" title="Bence Szabolcsi">Bence Szabolcsi</a>, 105–49. Kassel: Bärenreiter.</li> <li>Loxdale, Hugh D., and Adalbert Balog. 2009. "Béla Bartók: Musician, Musicologist, Composer, and Entomologist!." <i>Antenna</i> – Bulletin of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Entomological_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Entomological Society of London">Royal Entomological Society of London</a> 33, no. 4:175–82.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Maconie" title="Robin Maconie">Maconie, Robin</a>. 2005. <i>Other Planets: The Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen</i>. Lanham, MD, Toronto, Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5356-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5356-0">978-0-8108-5356-0</a>.</li> <li>Martins, José Oliveira. 2015. "Bartók's Polymodality: the Dasian and other Affinity Spaces". <i>Journal of Music Theory</i> 59, no. 2 (October): 273–320.</li> <li>Móser, Zoltán. 2006b. "Bartók-õsök Gömörben". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hnm.hu/honismeret/folyoirat/2006-2-honismeret1.pdf"><i>Honismeret: A Honismereti Szövetség folyóirata</i> </a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> 34, no. 2 (April): 9–11.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/musicalofferings/vol3/iss2/2">Nelson, David Taylor (2012). "Béla Bartók: The Father of Ethnomusicology", Musical Offerings: Vol. 3: No. 2, Article 2.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206044051/http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/musicalofferings/vol3/iss2/2/">Archived</a> 6 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Sluder, Claude K. 1994. "Revised Bartók Composition Highlights Pro Musica Concert". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Republic_(Columbus)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republic (Columbus)">The Republic</a></i> (16 February).</li> <li>Smith, Erik. 1965. <i>A discussion between <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Kert%C3%A9sz_(conductor)" title="István Kertész (conductor)">István Kertész</a> and the producer</i>. DECCA Records (liner notes for <i><a href="/wiki/Bluebeard%27s_Castle" title="Bluebeard's Castle">Bluebeard's Castle</a></i>).</li> <li>Somfai, László. 1981. <i>Tizennyolc Bartók-tanulmány</i> [Eighteen Bartók Studies]. Budapest: Zeneműkiadó. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-330-370-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-330-370-2">978-963-330-370-2</a>.</li> <li>Wells, John C. 1990. "Bartók", in <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i>, 63. Harlow, England: Longman. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-05383-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-05383-0">978-0-582-05383-0</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-width:1px; border-color:#E0E0E0; width:20em; background-color:#FFF; margin:0.2em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:1.2em; background-color:#E0E0E0; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Archives at</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Music_Division,_Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Division, Library of Congress">Music Division, Library of Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:33%;">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2006579400">Etelka Freund collection on Béla Bartók, 1904–1950</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.4em; padding-bottom:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #E0E0E0;"> <a href="/wiki/Help:Archival_material" title="Help:Archival material">How to use archival material</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Bartók%2C%20Béla%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Béla%20Bartók%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bartók%2C%20Béla%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Béla%20Bartók%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Bartók%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Béla%20Bartók%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Bartók%2C%20Béla%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Béla%20Bartók%22%29%20OR%20%28%221881-1945%22%20AND%20%28%22Bartók%22%20OR%20Bartok%29%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Béla Bartók</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartokmuseum.hu">Bartók Béla Memorial House, Budapest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070912060931/http://www.bartokmuseum.hu/">Archived</a> 12 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bartok.kbr.be">The Belgian Bartók Archives, housed in the Brussels Royal Library and founded by Denijs Dille</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628141259/http://bartok.kbr.be/">Archived</a> 28 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.co.uk/bartok">"Discovering Bartók"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+Bart%C3%B3k&rft.pub=BBC+Radio+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.co.uk%2Fbartok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AB%C3%A9la+Bart%C3%B3k" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927070327/http://www.gallery-diabolus.com/gallery/artist.php?language=english&id=utisz&page=205%2F">Gallery of Bartók portraits</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312045308/http://www.zti.hu/bartok/exhibition/main.htm">Virtual Exhibition on Bartók</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_4079017">Finding aid to Béla Bartók manuscripts at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Bart%C3%B3k,_B%C3%A9la" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Bartók, Béla">Free scores by Béla Bartók</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundfountain.org/rem/dongabor2.html#bartok">Bartók plays Bartók for Don Gabor's Continental record label later reissued on Remington Records</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616193628/http://www.soundfountain.org/rem/dongabor2.html#bartok">Archived</a> 16 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.explorethescore.org/pgs/bartok/inside_the_score/inside_the_score_homepage.html">Interactive scores of Bartók's works for piano with Sir András Schiff.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Template:Béla Bartók"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Template talk:Béla Bartók"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Béla Bartók"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Béla_Bartók" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Béla Bartók</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="List of compositions by Béla Bartók">List of compositions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bluebeard%27s_Castle" title="Bluebeard's Castle">Bluebeard's Castle</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Miraculous_Mandarin" title="The Miraculous Mandarin">The Miraculous Mandarin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wooden_Prince" title="The Wooden Prince">The Wooden Prince</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concertante</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._1_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Piano Concerto No. 1 (Bartók)">Piano Concerto No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Piano Concerto No. 2 (Bartók)">Piano Concerto No. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._3_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Piano Concerto No. 3 (Bartók)">Piano Concerto No. 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Concerto_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Viola Concerto (Bartók)">Viola Concerto </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._1_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Violin Concerto No. 1 (Bartók)">Violin Concerto No. 1 </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._2_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Violin Concerto No. 2 (Bartók)">Violin Concerto No. 2 </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_No._1_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Rhapsody No. 1 (Bartók)">Rhapsody No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_No._2_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Rhapsody No. 2 (Bartók)">Rhapsody No. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Two_Pianos,_Percussion_and_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Concerto for Two Pianos, Percussion and Orchestra">Concerto for Two Pianos, Percussion and Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Orchestra_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók)">Concerto for Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_Suite_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Dance Suite (Bartók)">Dance Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divertimento_for_String_Orchestra_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Divertimento for String Orchestra (Bartók)">Divertimento for String Orchestra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Pictures" title="Hungarian Pictures">Hungarian Pictures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kossuth_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Kossuth (Bartók)">Kossuth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_for_Strings,_Percussion_and_Celesta" title="Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta">Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/44_Duos_for_Two_Violins" title="44 Duos for Two Violins">44 Duos for Two Violins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contrasts_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Contrasts (Bartók)">Contrasts</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_for_Two_Pianos_and_Percussion" title="Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion">Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_for_Solo_Violin_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Sonata for Solo Violin (Bartók)">Sonata for Solo Violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_string_quartets_by_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="List of string quartets by Béla Bartók">String quartets</a> (<a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._1_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 1 (Bartók)">No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._2_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 2 (Bartók)">No. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._3_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 3 (Bartók)">No. 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._4_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 4 (Bartók)">No. 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._5_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 5 (Bartók)">No. 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._6_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="String Quartet No. 6 (Bartók)">No. 6</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Choral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantata_Profana" title="Cantata Profana">Cantata Profana</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allegro_barbaro_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Allegro barbaro (Bartók)">Allegro barbaro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Improvisations_on_Hungarian_Peasant_Songs" title="Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs">Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifteen_Hungarian_Peasant_Songs" title="Fifteen Hungarian Peasant Songs">Fifteen Hungarian Peasant Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_Children" title="For Children">For Children</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Dirges_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Four Dirges (Bartók)">Four Dirges</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/14_Bagatelles" title="14 Bagatelles">Fourteen Bagatelles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mikrokosmos_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Mikrokosmos (Bartók)">Mikrokosmos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nine_Little_Piano_Pieces" title="Nine Little Piano Pieces">Nine Little Piano Pieces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Doors_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Out of Doors (Bartók)">Out of Doors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petite_Suite_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Petite Suite (Bartók)">Petite Suite</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Piano Sonata (Bartók)">Piano Sonata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody,_Op._1_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Rhapsody, Op. 1 (Bartók)">Rhapsody, Op. 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Christmas_Carols" title="Romanian Christmas Carols">Romanian Christmas Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Folk_Dances" title="Romanian Folk Dances">Romanian Folk Dances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slovakian_Dance" title="Slovakian Dance">Slovakian Dance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonatina_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Sonatina (Bartók)">Sonatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suite,_Op._14_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Suite, Op. 14 (Bartók)">Suite, Op. 14</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Easy_Pieces_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Ten Easy Pieces (Bartók)">Ten Easy Pieces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Burlesques" title="Three Burlesques">Three Burlesques</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Hungarian_Folktunes" title="Three Hungarian Folktunes">Three Hungarian Folktunes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Rondos_on_Slovak_Folk_Tunes" title="Three Rondos on Slovak Folk Tunes">Three Rondos on Slovak Folk Tunes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Romanian_Dances" title="Two Romanian Dances">Two Romanian Dances</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Hungarian_Folksongs" title="Eight Hungarian Folksongs">Eight Hungarian Folksongs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Hungarian_Folksongs_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Five Hungarian Folksongs (Bartók)">Five Hungarian Folksongs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Hungarian_Folksongs" title="Twenty Hungarian Folksongs">Twenty Hungarian Folksongs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Songs,_Op._15_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Five Songs, Op. 15 (Bartók)">Five Songs, Op. 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Village_Scenes" title="Village Scenes">Village Scenes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homage_to_Paderewski" title="Homage to Paderewski">Homage to Paderewski</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Namesakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bart%C3%B3k_(crater)" title="Bartók (crater)">Bartók (crater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_Music_High_School" title="Béla Bartók Music High School">Béla Bartók Music High School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_folk_music" title="Hungarian folk music">Hungarian folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">Magyar Rádió</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_cryptogram" title="Musical cryptogram">Musical cryptogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_(music)" title="Neoclassicism (music)">Neoclassicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_music_(Bart%C3%B3k)" title="Night music (Bartók)">Night music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymodal_chromaticism" title="Polymodal chromaticism">Polymodal chromaticism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suite_paysanne_hongroise" title="Suite paysanne hongroise">Suite paysanne hongroise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triptych_(ballet)" title="Triptych (ballet)">Triptych</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Category:Béla Bartók">Category</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loudspeaker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="sound icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/16px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/24px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/32px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Audio_files_of_music_by_B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Audio files of music by Béla Bartók">Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernist_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism_(music)" title="Template:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism_(music)" title="Template talk:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernist_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Modernist music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_composers" title="List of modernist composers">List of modernist composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Austria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenek" title="Ernst Krenek">Krenek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></li></ul></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pousseur" title="Henri Pousseur">Pousseur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Czechia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alois_H%C3%A1ba" title="Alois Hába">Hába</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Bergman" title="Erik Bergman">Bergman</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henry" title="Pierre Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Jolivet" title="André Jolivet">Jolivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koechlin" title="Charles Koechlin">Koechlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Messiaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Reger" title="Max Reger">Reger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Skalkottas" title="Nikos Skalkottas">Skalkottas</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bartók</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev" title="Sergei Prokofiev">Prokofiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Carter" title="Elliott Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Genres and<br />techniques</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_of_limited_transposition" title="Mode of limited transposition">Modes of limited transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotonality" title="Neotonality">Neotonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandiatonicism" title="Pandiatonicism">Pandiatonicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyrhythm" title="Polyrhythm">Polyrhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytonality" title="Polytonality">Polytonality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post-romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_music" title="Process music">Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartal_and_quintal_harmony" title="Quartal and quintal harmony">Quartal and quintal harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Sound mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic" title="Stochastic">Stochastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_music" title="Surrealist music">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_cluster" title="Tone cluster">Tone cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Schools of composition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_School" title="Darmstadt School">Darmstadt School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ←<b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Romantic_music" title="Template:Romantic music">Romantic music</a></b></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism_(music)" title="Category:Modernism (music)">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_nationalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_nationalism" title="Template:Musical nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_nationalism" title="Template talk:Musical nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_nationalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Leoš Janáček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohuslav_Martin%C5%AF" title="Bohuslav Martinů">Bohuslav Martinů</a></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Gade" title="Niels Gade">Niels Gade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Carl Nielsen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Estonia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Tobias" title="Rudolf Tobias">Rudolf Tobias</a></li></ul></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leevi_Madetoja" title="Leevi Madetoja">Leevi Madetoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_Bussine" title="Romain Bussine">Romain Bussine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Béla Bartók</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly" title="Zoltán Kodály">Zoltán Kodály</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Zweers" title="Bernard Zweers">Bernard Zweers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Edvard Grieg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Stanisław Moniuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Henryk Wieniawski</a></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Enescu" title="George Enescu">George Enescu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Mikhail Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dargomyzhsky" title="Alexander Dargomyzhsky">Alexander Dargomyzhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_(composers)" title="The Five (composers)">The Five</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Mily Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui">César Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Modest Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Alexander Borodin</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Slovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Cikker" title="Ján Cikker">Ján Cikker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Moyzes" title="Alexander Moyzes">Alexander Moyzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Sucho%C5%88" title="Eugen Suchoň">Eugen Suchoň</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz" title="Isaac Albéniz">Isaac Albéniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Manuel de Falla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Granados" title="Enrique Granados">Enrique Granados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodrigo" title="Joaquín Rodrigo">Joaquín Rodrigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Turina" title="Joaquín Turina">Joaquín Turina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hugo Alfvén">Hugo Alfvén</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Parry" title="Joseph Parry">Joseph Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford" title="Charles Villiers Stanford">Charles Villiers Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(composer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (composer)">Alexander Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Ginastera" title="Alberto Ginastera">Alberto Ginastera</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Gomes" title="Antônio Carlos Gomes">Antônio Carlos Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mignone" title="Francisco Mignone">Francisco Mignone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Heitor Villa-Lobos</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Vivier" title="Claude Vivier">Claude Vivier</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ponce" title="Manuel Ponce">Manuel Ponce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Carlos Chávez">Carlos Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Revueltas" title="Silvestre Revueltas">Silvestre Revueltas</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Parker" title="Horatio Parker">Horatio Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell" title="Edward MacDowell">Edward MacDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Charles Ives</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/21px-Audio_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/32px-Audio_a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/42px-Audio_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Classical music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/21px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/42px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hungary" title="Portal:Hungary">Hungary</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83326#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121429277">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/89006617">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/291161938143739870009">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/43062/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjxrJRhGY6mPGjjK4Dg8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118506900">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79109330">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13891198w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13891198w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00432430">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bartók, Béla"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV029946">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35014682">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990000488&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1030667">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000322993">Romania</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000015881">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/91706">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069031843">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90067155">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000035300&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000091479&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000100143">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=78610">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199601756">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/75kmm98r07q7hk7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810700355405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/122486">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258360105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000189547">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521457006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13963867">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0234248X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/fd14da1b-3c2d-4cc8-9ca6-fc8c62ce6988">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/ressources/repertoire-artistes-personnalites/148953">Musée d'Orsay</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102542">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/bela-bartok/479">Grammy Awards</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00002543">LexM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/b1284">BMLO</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/790534">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118506900.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118506900">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027268500">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k9368d">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/7637">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Béla_Bartók&oldid=1260377350">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Béla_Bartók&oldid=1260377350</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Category:Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1881_births" title="Category:1881 births">1881 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_deaths" title="Category:1945 deaths">1945 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Hungarian_classical_composers" title="Category:20th-century Hungarian classical composers">20th-century Hungarian classical composers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Hungarian_musicians" title="Category:20th-century Hungarian musicians">20th-century Hungarian musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Hungarian_male_musicians" title="Category:20th-century Hungarian male musicians">20th-century Hungarian male musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_musicologists" title="Category:20th-century musicologists">20th-century musicologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anton_Rubinstein_Competition_prize-winners" 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6.73% 107.242 4 Template:Navbox"," 6.56% 104.575 1 Template:Infobox_classical_composer"," 6.30% 100.410 1 Template:Béla_Bartók"," 5.49% 87.595 1 Template:Archival_records"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.912","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21139221,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAntokoletz1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBabbitt1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók1948\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók1995a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók1995b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartók2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBotstein\u0026#91;n.d.\u0026#93;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChalmers1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCitron1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohn1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDecca2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDicaire2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDille1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEinstein1947\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisk1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFontelles-Ramonet2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGagné2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGetting2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillies1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillies1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillies2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlass\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGollin2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooker2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKory2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLendvai1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiscia-Beaurenaut2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLászló1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartins2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthews2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaurice2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreux1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreux1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMóser2006a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerle1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRockwell1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodda1990–2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchonberg1997\"] = 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