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saturation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: water saturation"> <meta name="keywords" content="water saturation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="water saturation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8963</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: water saturation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8963</span> Assessment of Petrophysical Parameters Using Well Log and Core Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khulud%20M.%20Rahuma">Khulud M. Rahuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20B.%20Younis"> Ibrahim B. Younis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment of petrophysical parameters are very essential for reservoir engineer. Three techniques can be used to predict reservoir properties: well logging, well testing, and core analysis. Cementation factor and saturation exponent are very required for calculation, and their values role a great effect on water saturation estimation. In this study a sensitive analysis was performed to investigate the influence of cementation factor and saturation exponent variation applying logs, and core analysis. Measurements of water saturation resulted in a maximum difference around fifteen percent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title="porosity">porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementation%20factor" title=" cementation factor"> cementation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20exponent" title=" saturation exponent"> saturation exponent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formation%20factor" title=" formation factor"> formation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saturation" title=" water saturation"> water saturation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11077/assessment-of-petrophysical-parameters-using-well-log-and-core-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">693</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8962</span> Parallel Self Organizing Neural Network Based Estimation of Archie’s Parameters and Water Saturation in Sandstone Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20M.%20Hamada">G. M. Hamada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Al-Gathe"> A. A. Al-Gathe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Al-Khudafi"> A. M. Al-Khudafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of water saturation in sandstone is a vital question to determine the initial oil or gas in place in reservoir rocks. Water saturation determination using electrical measurements is mainly on Archie’s formula. Consequently accuracy of Archie’s formula parameters affects water saturation values rigorously. Determination of Archie’s parameters a, m, and n is proceeded by three conventional techniques, Core Archie-Parameter Estimation (CAPE) and 3-D. This work introduces the hybrid system of parallel self-organizing neural network (PSONN) targeting accepted values of Archie’s parameters and, consequently, reliable water saturation values. This work focuses on Archie’s parameters determination techniques; conventional technique, CAPE technique, and 3-D technique, and then the calculation of water saturation using current. Using the same data, a hybrid parallel self-organizing neural network (PSONN) algorithm is used to estimate Archie’s parameters and predict water saturation. Results have shown that estimated Arche’s parameters m, a, and n are highly accepted with statistical analysis, indicating that the PSONN model has a lower statistical error and higher correlation coefficient. This study was conducted using a high number of measurement points for 144 core plugs from a sandstone reservoir. PSONN algorithm can provide reliable water saturation values, and it can supplement or even replace the conventional techniques to determine Archie’s parameters and thereby calculate water saturation profiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saturation" title="water saturation">water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archie%E2%80%99s%20parameters" title=" Archie’s parameters"> Archie’s parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSONN" title=" PSONN"> PSONN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandstone%20reservoir" title=" sandstone reservoir"> sandstone reservoir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149641/parallel-self-organizing-neural-network-based-estimation-of-archies-parameters-and-water-saturation-in-sandstone-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8961</span> Oil Displacement by Water in Hauterivian Sandstone Reservoir of Kashkari Oil Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Nazari">A. J. Nazari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Honma"> S. Honma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates oil displacement by water in Hauterivian sandstone reservoir of Kashkari oil field in North of Afghanistan. The core samples of this oil field were taken out from well No-21<sup>st</sup>, and the relative permeability and fractional flow are analyzed. Steady state flow laboratory experiments are performed to empirically obtain the fractional flow curves and relative permeability in different water saturation ratio. The relative permeability represents the simultaneous flow behavior in the reservoir. The fractional flow approach describes the individual phases as fractional of the total flow. The fractional flow curve interprets oil displacement by water, and from the tangent of fractional flow curve can find out the average saturation behind the water front flow saturation. Therefore, relative permeability and fractional flow curves are suitable for describing the displacement of oil by water in a petroleum reservoir. The effects of irreducible water saturation, residual oil saturation on the displaceable amount of oil are investigated through Buckley-Leveret analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20flow" title="fractional flow">fractional flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20displacement" title=" oil displacement"> oil displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20permeability" title=" relative permeability"> relative permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneously%20flow" title=" simultaneously flow"> simultaneously flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59190/oil-displacement-by-water-in-hauterivian-sandstone-reservoir-of-kashkari-oil-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8960</span> Determination of Lithology, Porosity and Water Saturation for Mishrif Carbonate Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20S.%20Kadhim">F. S. Kadhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Samsuri"> A. Samsuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Alwan"> H. Alwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Well logging records can help to answer many questions from a wide range of special interested information and basic petrophysical properties to formation evaluation of oil and gas reservoirs. The accurate calculations of porosity in carbonate reservoirs are the most challenging aspects of well log analysis. Many equations have been developed over the years based on known physical principles or on empirically derived relationships, which are used to calculate porosity, estimate lithology and water saturation; however these parameters are calculated from well logs by using modern technique in a current study. Nasiriya (NS) oilfield is one of giant oilfields in the Middle East, and the formation under study is the Mishrif carbonate formation which is the shallowest hydrocarbon bearing zone in the NS oilfield. Neurolog software (V5, 2008) was used to digitize the scanned copies of the available logs. Environmental corrections had been made as per Schlumberger charts 2005, which supplied in the Interactive Petrophysics software (IP, V3.5, 2008). Three saturation models have been used to calculate water saturation of carbonate formations, which are simple Archie equation, Dual water model, and Indonesia model. Results indicate that the Mishrif formation consists mainly of limestone, some dolomite and shale. The porosity interpretation shows that the logging tools have a good quality after making the environmental corrections. The average formation water saturation for Mishrif formation is around 0.4-0.6.This study is provided accurate behavior of petrophysical properties with depth for this formation by using modern software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithology" title="lithology">lithology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saturation" title=" water saturation"> water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonate%20formation" title=" carbonate formation"> carbonate formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mishrif%20formation" title=" mishrif formation"> mishrif formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27926/determination-of-lithology-porosity-and-water-saturation-for-mishrif-carbonate-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8959</span> Recovery of Petroleum Reservoir by Waterflooding Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zabihullah%20Mahdi">Zabihullah Mahdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khwaja%20Naweed%20Seddiqi"> Khwaja Naweed Seddiqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeo%20Honma"> Shigeo Honma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through many types of research and practical studies, it has been identified that the average oil recovery factor of a petroleum reservoir is about 30 to 35 %. This study is focused on enhanced oil recovery by laboratory experiment and graphical investigation based on Buckley-Leverett theory. Horizontal oil displacement by water, in a petroleum reservoir is analyzed under the Buckley-Leverett frontal displacement theory. The extraction and prerequisite of this theory are based and pursued focusing on the key factors that control displacement. The theory is executable to the waterflooding method, which is generally employed in petroleum engineering reservoirs to sustain oil production recovery, and the techniques for evaluating the average water saturation behind the water front and the oil recovery factors in the reservoirs are presented. In this paper, the Buckley-Leverett theory handled to an experimental model and the amount of recoverable oil are investigated to be over 35%. The irreducible water saturation, viz. connate water saturation, in the reservoir is also a significant inspiration for the recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buckley-Leverett%20theory" title="Buckley-Leverett theory">Buckley-Leverett theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterflooding%20technique" title=" waterflooding technique"> waterflooding technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20engineering" title=" petroleum engineering"> petroleum engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immiscible%20displacement" title=" immiscible displacement"> immiscible displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59677/recovery-of-petroleum-reservoir-by-waterflooding-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8958</span> Water Injection in One of the Southern Iranian Oil Field, a Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooman%20Fallah">Hooman Fallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seawater injection and produced water re-injection are presently the most commonly used approach to enhanced recovery. The dominant factors for total oil recovery are the reservoir temperature, reservoir pressure, crude oil and water composition. In this study, the production under water injection in Soroosh, one of the southern Iranian heavy oil field has been simulated (the fluid properties are focused). In order to reveal the dominant factors in this production process, the sensitivity analysis has been done for the following effective factors, fluid viscosity, initial water saturation, gravity force and injection well strategy. It is crystal clear that the study of the dominant factors in production processes will help the engineers to design the best production mechanisms in our numerous hydrocarbon reservoirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20injection" title="water injection">water injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20water%20saturation" title=" initial water saturation"> initial water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20viscosity" title=" oil viscosity"> oil viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20force" title=" gravity force"> gravity force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20well%20strategy" title=" injection well strategy"> injection well strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27169/water-injection-in-one-of-the-southern-iranian-oil-field-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8957</span> Field Saturation Flow Measurement Using Dynamic Passenger Car Unit under Mixed Traffic Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Chandra%20Majhi">Ramesh Chandra Majhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saturation flow is a very important input variable for the design of signalized intersections. Saturation flow measurement is well established for homogeneous traffic. However, saturation flow measurement and modeling is a challenging task in heterogeneous characterized by multiple vehicle types and non-lane based movement. Present study focuses on proposing a field procedure for Saturation flow measurement and the effect of typical mixed traffic behavior at the signal as far as non-lane based traffic movement is concerned. Data collected during peak and off-peak hour from five intersections with varying approach width is used for validating the saturation flow model. The insights from the study can be used for modeling saturation flow and delay at signalized intersection in heterogeneous traffic conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passenger%20car%20unit" title=" passenger car unit"> passenger car unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20flow" title=" saturation flow"> saturation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signalized%20intersection" title=" signalized intersection"> signalized intersection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63968/field-saturation-flow-measurement-using-dynamic-passenger-car-unit-under-mixed-traffic-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8956</span> Factors Affecting Special Core Analysis Resistivity Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Sbiga">Hassan Sbiga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory measurements methods were undertaken on core samples selected from three different fields (A, B, and C) from the Nubian Sandstone Formation of the central graben reservoirs in Libya. These measurements were conducted in order to determine the factors which affect resistivity parameters, and to investigate the effect of rock heterogeneity and wettability on these parameters. This included determining the saturation exponent (n) in the laboratory at two stages. The first stage was before wettability measurements were conducted on the samples, and the second stage was after the wettability measurements in order to find any effect on the saturation exponent. Another objective of this work was to quantify experimentally pores and porosity types (macro- and micro-porosity), which have an affect on the electrical properties, by integrating capillary pressure curves with other routine and special core analysis. These experiments were made for the first time to obtain a relation between pore size distribution and saturation exponent n. Changes were observed in the formation resistivity factor and cementation exponent due to ambient conditions and changes of overburden pressure. The cementation exponent also decreased from GHE-5 to GHE-8. Changes were also observed in the saturation exponent (n) and water saturation (Sw) before and after wettability measurement. Samples with an oil-wet tendency have higher irreducible brine saturation and higher Archie saturation exponent values than samples with an uniform water-wet surface. The experimental results indicate that there is a good relation between resistivity and pore type depending on the pore size. When oil begins to penetrate micro-pore systems in measurements of resistivity index versus brine saturation (after wettability measurement), a significant change in slope of the resistivity index relationship occurs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=part%20of%20thesis" title="part of thesis">part of thesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementation" title=" cementation"> cementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3160/factors-affecting-special-core-analysis-resistivity-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8955</span> Two-Phase Flow Modelling and Numerical Simulation for Waterflooding in Enhanced Oil Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pe%C3%B1a%20A.%20Roland%20R.">Peña A. Roland R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lozano%20P.%20Jean%20P."> Lozano P. Jean P.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The waterflooding process is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that appears tremendously successful. This paper shows the importance of the role of the numerical modelling of waterflooding and how to provide a better description of the fluid flow during this process. The mathematical model is based on the mass conservation equations for the oil and water phases. Rock compressibility and capillary pressure equations are coupled to the mathematical model. For discretizing and linearizing the partial differential equations, we used the Finite Volume technique and the Newton-Raphson method, respectively. The results of three scenarios for waterflooding in porous media are shown. The first scenario was estimating the water saturation in the media without rock compressibility and without capillary pressure. The second scenario was estimating the front of the water considering the rock compressibility and capillary pressure. The third case is to compare different fronts of water saturation for three fluids viscosity ratios without and with rock compressibility and without and with capillary pressure. Results of the simulation indicate that the rock compressibility and the capillary pressure produce changes in the pressure profile and saturation profile during the displacement of the oil for the water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20pressure" title="capillary pressure">capillary pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20compressibility" title=" rock compressibility"> rock compressibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148309/two-phase-flow-modelling-and-numerical-simulation-for-waterflooding-in-enhanced-oil-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8954</span> Saturation Misbehavior and Field Activation of the Mobility in Polymer-Based OTFTs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Giraudet">L. Giraudet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Simonetti"> O. Simonetti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20de%20Tournadre"> G. de Tournadre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dumeli%C3%A9"> N. Dumelié</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Clarenc"> B. Clarenc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Reisdorffer"> F. Reisdorffer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we intend to give a comprehensive view of the saturation misbehavior of thin film transistors (TFTs) based on disordered semiconductors, such as most organic TFTs, and its link to the field activation of the mobility. Experimental evidence of the field activation of the mobility is given for disordered semiconductor based TFTs, when reducing the gate length. Saturation misbehavior is observed simultaneously. Advanced transport models have been implemented in a quasi-2D numerical TFT simulation software. From the numerical simulations it is clearly established that field activation of the mobility alone cannot explain the saturation misbehavior. Evidence is given that high longitudinal field gradient at the drain end of the channel is responsible for an excess charge accumulation, preventing saturation. The two combined effects allow reproducing the experimental output characteristics of short channel TFTs, with S-shaped characteristics and saturation failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20field%20activation" title="mobility field activation">mobility field activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTFT" title=" OTFT"> OTFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20failure" title=" saturation failure "> saturation failure </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19411/saturation-misbehavior-and-field-activation-of-the-mobility-in-polymer-based-otfts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8953</span> Laboratory Measurement of Relative Permeability of Immiscible Fluids in Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khwaja%20Naweed%20Seddiqi">Khwaja Naweed Seddiqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeo%20Honma"> Shigeo Honma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Relative permeability is the important parameter controlling the immiscible displacement of multiphase fluids flow in porous medium. The relative permeability for immiscible displacement of two-phase fluids flow (oil and water) in porous medium has been measured in this paper. As a result of the experiment, irreducible water saturation, Swi, residual oil saturation, Sor, and relative permeability curves for Kerosene, Heavy oil and Lubricant oil were determined successfully. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20permeability" title="relative permeability">relative permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immiscible%20displacement" title=" immiscible displacement"> immiscible displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20medium" title=" porous medium "> porous medium </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47120/laboratory-measurement-of-relative-permeability-of-immiscible-fluids-in-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8952</span> Two-Dimensional Observation of Oil Displacement by Water in a Petroleum Reservoir through Numerical Simulation and Application to a Petroleum Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Fahim%20Nasiry">Ahmad Fahim Nasiry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeo%20Honma"> Shigeo Honma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examine two-dimensional oil displacement by water in a petroleum reservoir. The pore fluid is immiscible, and the porous media is homogenous and isotropic in the horizontal direction. Buckley-Leverett theory and a combination of Laplacian and Darcy’s law are used to study the fluid flow through porous media, and the Laplacian that defines the dispersion and diffusion of fluid in the sand using heavy oil is discussed. The reservoir is homogenous in the horizontal direction, as expressed by the partial differential equation. Two main factors which are observed are the water saturation and pressure distribution in the reservoir, and they are evaluated for predicting oil recovery in two dimensions by a physical and mathematical simulation model. We review the numerical simulation that solves difficult partial differential reservoir equations. Based on the numerical simulations, the saturation and pressure equations are calculated by the iterative alternating direction implicit method and the iterative alternating direction explicit method, respectively, according to the finite difference assumption. However, to understand the displacement of oil by water and the amount of water dispersion in the reservoir better, an interpolated contour line of the water distribution of the five-spot pattern, that provides an approximate solution which agrees well with the experimental results, is also presented. Finally, a computer program is developed to calculate the equation for pressure and water saturation and to draw the pressure contour line and water distribution contour line for the reservoir. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title="numerical simulation">numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immiscible" title=" immiscible"> immiscible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference" title=" finite difference"> finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IADI" title=" IADI"> IADI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDE" title=" IDE"> IDE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterflooding" title=" waterflooding"> waterflooding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59679/two-dimensional-observation-of-oil-displacement-by-water-in-a-petroleum-reservoir-through-numerical-simulation-and-application-to-a-petroleum-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8951</span> Modified Evaluation of the Hydro-Mechanical Dependency of the Water Coefficient of Permeability of a Clayey Sand with a Novel Permeameter for Unsaturated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Adelian">G. Adelian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirzaii"> A. Mirzaii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Yasrobi"> S. S. Yasrobi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper represents data of an extensive experimental laboratory testing program for the measurement of the water coefficient of permeability of clayey sand in different hydraulic and mechanical boundary conditions. A novel permeameter was designed and constructed for the experimental testing program, suitable for the study of flow in unsaturated soils in different hydraulic and mechanical loading conditions. In this work, the effect of hydraulic hysteresis, net isotropic confining stress, water flow condition, and sample dimensions are evaluated on the water coefficient of permeability of understudying soil. The experimental results showed a hysteretic variation for the water coefficient of permeability versus matrix suction and degree of saturation, with higher values in drying portions of the SWCC. The measurement of the water permeability in different applied net isotropic stress also signified that the water coefficient of permeability increased within the increment of net isotropic consolidation stress. The water coefficient of permeability also appeared to be independent of different applied flow heads, water flow condition, and sample dimensions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20permeability" title="water permeability">water permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soils" title=" unsaturated soils"> unsaturated soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20hysteresis" title=" hydraulic hysteresis"> hydraulic hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20ratio" title=" void ratio"> void ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20suction" title=" matrix suction"> matrix suction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20saturation" title=" degree of saturation"> degree of saturation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4905/modified-evaluation-of-the-hydro-mechanical-dependency-of-the-water-coefficient-of-permeability-of-a-clayey-sand-with-a-novel-permeameter-for-unsaturated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8950</span> Blood Oxygen Saturation Measurement System Using Broad-Band Light Source with LabVIEW Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung%20Ah%20Kim">Myoung Ah Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Ho%20Sin"> Dong Ho Sin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Gyu%20Song"> Chul Gyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blood oxygen saturation system is a well-established, noninvasive photoplethysmographic method to monitor vital signs. Conventional blood oxygen saturation measurements for the two LED light source is the ambiguity of the oxygen saturation measurement principle and the measurement results greatly influenced and heat and motion artifact. A high accuracy in order to solve these problems blood oxygen saturation measuring method has been proposed using a broadband light source that can be easily understood by the algorithm. The measurement of blood oxygen saturation based on broad-band light source has advantage of simple testing facility and easy understanding. Broadband light source based on blood oxygen saturation measuring program proposed in this paper is a combination of LabVIEW and MATLAB. Using the wavelength range of 450 nm-750 nm using a floating light absorption of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin to measure the blood oxygen saturation. Hand movement is to fix the probe to the motor stage in order to prevent oxygen saturation measurement that affect the sample and probe kept constant interval. Experimental results show that the proposed method noticeably increases the accuracy and saves time compared with the conventional methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20saturation" title="oxygen saturation">oxygen saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broad-band%20light%20source" title=" broad-band light source"> broad-band light source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCD" title=" CCD"> CCD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20reflectance%20theory" title=" light reflectance theory"> light reflectance theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40627/blood-oxygen-saturation-measurement-system-using-broad-band-light-source-with-labview-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8949</span> Rock Property Calculation for Determine Hydrocarbon Zone Based on Petrophysical Principal and Sequence Stratigraphic Correlation in Blok M</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tarmidzi">Muhammad Tarmidzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20M.%20G.%20Gani"> Reza M. G. Gani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andri%20Luthfi"> Andri Luthfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to identify rock zone containing hydrocarbons with calculating rock property includes volume shale, total porosity, effective porosity and water saturation. Identification method rock property based on GR log, resistivity log, neutron log and density rock. Zoning is based on sequence stratigraphic markers that are sequence boundary (SB), transgressive surface (TS) and flooding surface (FS) which correlating ten well log in blok “M”. The results of sequence stratigraphic correlation consist of eight zone that are two LST zone, three TST zone and three HST zone. The result of rock property calculation in each zone is showing two LST zone containing hydrocarbons. LST-1 zone has average volume shale (Vsh) 25%, average total porosity (PHIT) 14%, average effective porosity (PHIE) 11% and average water saturation 0,83. LST-2 zone has average volume shale (Vsh) 19%, average total porosity (PHIT) 21%, average effective porosity (PHIE) 17% and average water saturation 0,82. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbons%20zone" title="hydrocarbons zone">hydrocarbons zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrophysic" title=" petrophysic"> petrophysic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20property" title=" rock property"> rock property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequence%20stratigraphic" title=" sequence stratigraphic"> sequence stratigraphic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60898/rock-property-calculation-for-determine-hydrocarbon-zone-based-on-petrophysical-principal-and-sequence-stratigraphic-correlation-in-blok-m" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8948</span> Behavior of Clay effect on Electrical Parameter of Reservoir Rock Using Global Hydraulic Elements (GHEs) Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noreddin%20Mousa">Noreddin Mousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to estimate which type of clay minerals that more effect on saturation exponent using Global Hydraulic Elements (GHEs) approach to estimating the distribution of saturation exponent factor. Two wells and seven core samples have been selected from various (GHEs) for detailed study. There are many factors affecting saturation exponent such as wettability, grain pattern pressure of certain authigenic clays, which may promote oil wet characteristics of history of fluid displacement. The saturation exponent is related to the texture and affected by wettability and clay minerals. Capillary pressure (mercury injection) has been used to confirm GHEs which are selected to define rock types; the porous plate method is used to derive the saturation exponent in the laboratory. The petrography is very important in order to study the mineralogy and texture. In this study the results showing excellent relation between saturation exponent and the type of clay minerals which was observed that the Global Hydraulic Elements GHE-2 and GHE-5 which are containing Chlorite is more affect on saturation exponent comparing with the other GHE’s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHEs" title="GHEs">GHEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20hydraulic%20elements" title=" global hydraulic elements"> global hydraulic elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrography" title=" petrography "> petrography </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3162/behavior-of-clay-effect-on-electrical-parameter-of-reservoir-rock-using-global-hydraulic-elements-ghes-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8947</span> Effect of Traffic Composition on Delay and Saturation Flow at Signal Controlled Intersections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpita%20Saha">Arpita Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apoorv%20Jain"> Apoorv Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Chandra"> Satish Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indrajit%20Ghosh"> Indrajit Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Level of service at a signal controlled intersection is directly measured from the delay. Similarly, saturation flow rate is a fundamental parameter to measure the intersection capacity. The present study calculates vehicle arrival rate, departure rate, and queue length for every five seconds interval in each cycle. Based on the queue lengths, the total delay of the cycle has been calculated using Simpson’s 1/3rd rule. Saturation flow has been estimated in terms of veh/hr of green/lane for every five seconds interval of the green period until at least three vehicles are left to cross the stop line. Vehicle composition shows an immense effect on total delay and saturation flow rate. The increase in two-wheeler proportion increases the saturation flow rate and reduces the total delay per vehicle significantly. Additionally, an increase in the heavy vehicle proportion reduces the saturation flow rate and increases the total delay for each vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay" title="delay">delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20flow" title=" saturation flow"> saturation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signalised%20intersection" title=" signalised intersection"> signalised intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20composition" title=" vehicle composition"> vehicle composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62341/effect-of-traffic-composition-on-delay-and-saturation-flow-at-signal-controlled-intersections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8946</span> Effects of Matrix Properties on Surfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoqian%20Cheng">Xiaoqian Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jon%20Kleppe"> Jon Kleppe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ole%20Tors%C3%A6ter"> Ole Torsæter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The properties of rocks have effects on efficiency of surfactant. One objective of this study is to analyze the effects of rock properties (permeability, porosity, initial water saturation) on surfactant spontaneous imbibition at laboratory scale. The other objective is to evaluate existing upscaling methods and establish a modified upscaling method. A core is put in a container that is full of surfactant solution. Assume there is no space between the bottom of the core and the container. The core is modelled as a cuboid matrix with a length of 3.5 cm, a width of 3.5 cm, and a height of 5 cm. The initial matrix, brine and oil properties are set as the properties of Ekofisk Field. The simulation results of matrix permeability show that the oil recovery rate has a strong positive linear relationship with matrix permeability. Higher oil recovery is obtained from the matrix with higher permeability. One existing upscaling method is verified by this model. The study on matrix porosity shows that the relationship between oil recovery rate and matrix porosity is a negative power function. However, the relationship between ultimate oil recovery and matrix porosity is a positive power function. The initial water saturation of matrix has negative linear relationships with ultimate oil recovery and enhanced oil recovery. However, the relationship between oil recovery and initial water saturation is more complicated with the imbibition time because of the transition of dominating force from capillary force to gravity force. Modified upscaling methods are established. The work here could be used as a reference for the surfactant application in fractured reservoirs. And the description of the relationships between properties of matrix and the oil recovery rate and ultimate oil recovery helps to improve upscaling methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20water%20saturation" title="initial water saturation">initial water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant%20EOR" title=" surfactant EOR"> surfactant EOR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96449/effects-of-matrix-properties-on-surfactant-enhanced-oil-recovery-in-fractured-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8945</span> Effect of Compaction and Degree of Saturation on the Unconsolidated Undrained Shear Strength of Sandy Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Mehmood">Fatima Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Farooq"> Khalid Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabeea%20Bakhtawer"> Rabeea Bakhtawer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For geotechnical engineers, one of the most important properties of soil to consider in various stability analyses is its shear strength which is governed by a number of factors. The objective of this research is to ascertain the effect of compaction and degree of saturation on the shear strength of fine-grained soil. For this purpose, three different dry densities such as in-situ, maximum standard proctor, and maximum modified proctor, were determined for the sandy clay soil. The soil samples were then prepared to keep dry density constant and varying degrees of saturation. These samples were tested for (UU) unconsolidated undrained shear strength in triaxial compression tests. The decrease in shear strength was observed with the decrease in density and increase in the saturation. The values of the angle of internal friction followed the same trend. However, the change in cohesion with the increase in saturation showed a different behavior, analogous to the compaction curve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20saturation" title=" degree of saturation"> degree of saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20density" title=" dry density"> dry density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20investigation" title=" geotechnical investigation"> geotechnical investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20testing" title=" laboratory testing"> laboratory testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112365/effect-of-compaction-and-degree-of-saturation-on-the-unconsolidated-undrained-shear-strength-of-sandy-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8944</span> Variability in Saturation Flow and Traffic Performance at Urban Signalized Intersection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20N.%20Salini">P. N. Salini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Anish%20Kini"> B. Anish Kini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ashalatha"> R. Ashalatha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At signalized intersections with heterogeneous traffic, the percentage share of different vehicle categories have a bearing on the inter-vehicle space utilization, which eventually impacts the saturation flow. This paper analyzed the impact of the percentage share of various vehicle categories in the traffic stream on the saturation flow at signalized intersections by video graphing major intersections with varying geometry in Kerala, India. It was found that as the percentage share of two-wheelers increases, the saturation flow at signalized intersections increases and vice-versa for the percentage share of cars. The effect of bus blockage and parking maneuvers on the saturation flow were also studied. As the distance of bus blockage increases from the stop line, the effect on the saturation flow decreases, while with more buses stopping at the same bus stop, the saturation flow reduces further. The study revealed that with higher kerbside parking maneuvers on the upstream, the saturation flow reduces, and with an increase in the distance of the parking maneuver from the stop line, the effect on the saturation flow decreases. The adjustment factors for bus blockage due to bus stops within 75m downstream and parking maneuvers within 75m upstream of the intersection have been established for mixed traffic conditions. These adjustment factors could empower the urban planners, enforcement personnel and decision-makers to estimate the reduction in the capacity of signalized intersections for suggesting improvements in the form of parking restrictions/ bus stop relocation for existing intersections or make design changes for planned intersections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signalized%20intersection" title="signalized intersection">signalized intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20flow" title=" saturation flow"> saturation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjustment%20factors" title=" adjustment factors"> adjustment factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title=" capacity"> capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131466/variability-in-saturation-flow-and-traffic-performance-at-urban-signalized-intersection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8943</span> Application of Waterflooding Technique in Petroleum Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khwaja%20Naweed%20Seddiqi">Khwaja Naweed Seddiqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrocarbon resources are important for the redevelopment and sustainable progress of Afghanistan’s infrastructure. This paper aim is to increase the oil recovery of Hitervian reservoir of Angut oil field in north part of Afghanistan by an easy and available method, which is Buckley-Leveret frontal displacement theory. In this paper oil displacement by water that takes placed by injecting water into the under laying petroleum reservoir which called waterflooding technique is investigated. The theory is investigated in a laboratory experiment first then applied in Angut oil field which is now under the operation of a private petroleum company. Based on this study oil recovery of Angut oil field, residual oil saturation, Buckle-Leveret saturation and FBL is determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterflooding%20technique" title="waterflooding technique">waterflooding technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20phase%20fluid%20flow" title=" two phase fluid flow"> two phase fluid flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buckley-Leveret" title=" Buckley-Leveret"> Buckley-Leveret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20engineering" title=" petroleum engineering "> petroleum engineering </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61843/application-of-waterflooding-technique-in-petroleum-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8942</span> Effect of Saturation and Deformation Rate on Split Tensile Strength for Various Sedimentary Rocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Soni">D. K. Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study of engineering properties of stones, i.e. compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, density, hardness were carried out to explore the possibility of optimum utilization of stone. The laboratory test results on equally dimensioned discs of the stone show a considerable variation in computed split tensile strength with varied rates of deformation. Hence, the effect of strain rate on the tensile strength of a sand stone and lime stone under wet and dry conditions has been studied experimentally using the split tensile strength test technique. It has been observed that the tensile strength of these stone is very much dependent on the rate of deformation particularly in a dry state. On saturation the value of split tensile strength reduced considerably depending upon the structure of rock and amount of water absorption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentary%20rocks" title="sedimentary rocks">sedimentary rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20tensile%20test" title=" split tensile test"> split tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20rate" title=" deformation rate"> deformation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20rate" title=" saturation rate"> saturation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20stone" title=" sand stone"> sand stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime%20stone" title=" lime stone"> lime stone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7251/effect-of-saturation-and-deformation-rate-on-split-tensile-strength-for-various-sedimentary-rocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8941</span> Industrial Rock Characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): A Case Study of Ewekoro Quarry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawale%20Babatunde%20Olatinsu">Olawale Babatunde Olatinsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deborah%20Oluwaseun%20Olorode"> Deborah Oluwaseun Olorode</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial rocks were collected from a quarry site at Ewekoro in south-western Nigeria and analysed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique. NMR measurement was conducted on the samples in partial water-saturated and full brine-saturated conditions. Raw NMR data were analysed with the aid of T2 curves and T2 spectra generated by inversion of raw NMR data using conventional regularized least-squares inversion routine. Results show that NMR transverse relaxation (T2) signatures fairly adequately distinguish between the rock types. Similar T2 curve trend and rates at partial saturation suggests that the relaxation is mainly due to adsorption of water on micropores of similar sizes while T2 curves at full saturation depict relaxation decay rate as: 1/T2(shale)>1/ T2(glauconite)>1/ T2(limestone) and 1/T2(sandstone). NMR T2 distributions at full brine-saturation show: unimodal distribution in shale; bimodal distribution in sandstone and glauconite; and trimodal distribution in limestone. Full saturation T2 distributions revealed the presence of well-developed and more abundant micropores in all the samples with T2 in the range, 402-504 μs. Mesopores with amplitudes much lower than those of micropores are present in limestone, sandstone and glauconite with T2 range: 8.45-26.10 ms, 6.02-10.55 ms, and 9.45-13.26 ms respectively. Very low amplitude macropores of T2 values, 90.26-312.16 ms, are only recognizable in limestone samples. Samples with multiple peaks showed well-connected pore systems with sandstone having the highest degree of connectivity. The difference in T2 curves and distributions for the rocks at full saturation can be utilised as a potent diagnostic tool for discrimination of these rock types found at Ewekoro. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewekoro" title="Ewekoro">Ewekoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR%20techniques" title=" NMR techniques"> NMR techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20rocks" title=" industrial rocks"> industrial rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxation" title=" relaxation"> relaxation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2789/industrial-rock-characterization-using-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-nmr-a-case-study-of-ewekoro-quarry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8940</span> Typology of the Physic-Chemical Quality of the Water of the Area of Touggourt Case: Aquifers of the Intercalary Continental and the Terminal Complex, S-E of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habes%20Sameh">Habes Sameh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bettahar%20Asma"> Bettahar Asma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nezli%20Imad%20Eddine"> Nezli Imad Eddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The region of Touggourt is situated in the southern part is Algeria, it receives important quantities of waters, the latter are extracted from the fossil groundwater (the Intercalary Continental and the Terminal Complex). The mineralization of these waters of the Terminal Complex is between 3 and 6,5 g/l and for waters of Intercalary Continental is 1,8 and 8,7 g/l, thus it constitutes an obstacle as for its use. To highlight the origins of this mineralization, we used the hydrochemical tool. So the chemical analyses in our ownership, were treated by means of the software "Statistica", what allowed us to realize an analysis in main components (ACP), the latter showed a competition between sodic or magnesian chlorinated water and calcic bicarbonate water, rich in potassium for the TC, while for the IC, we have a competition between sodic or calcic chlorinated and magnesian water treated with copper sulphate waters. The simulation realized thermodynamics showed a variation of the index of saturation which do not exceed zero, for waters of two aquifer TC and IC, so indicating one under saturation of waters towards minerals, highlighting the influence of the geologic formation in the outcrop on the quality of waters. However, we notice that these waters remain acceptable for the irrigation of plants but must be treated before what are consumed by the human being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACP" title="ACP">ACP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercalary" title=" intercalary"> intercalary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continental" title=" continental"> continental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title=" mineralization"> mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SI" title=" SI"> SI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terminal%20Complex" title=" Terminal Complex"> Terminal Complex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22540/typology-of-the-physic-chemical-quality-of-the-water-of-the-area-of-touggourt-case-aquifers-of-the-intercalary-continental-and-the-terminal-complex-s-e-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8939</span> Characteristics of Pore Pressure and Effective Stress Changes in Sandstone Reservoir Due to Hydrocarbon Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurniawan%20Adha">Kurniawan Adha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Ismail%20Wan%20Yusoff"> Wan Ismail Wan Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luluan%20Almanna%20Lubis"> Luluan Almanna Lubis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Preventing hazardous events during oil and gas operation is an important contribution of accurate pore pressure data. The availability of pore pressure data also contribute in reducing the operation cost. Suggested methods in pore pressure estimation were mostly complex by the many assumptions and hypothesis used. Basic properties which may have significant impact on estimation model are somehow being neglected. To date, most of pore pressure determinations are estimated by data model analysis and rarely include laboratory analysis, stratigraphy study or core check measurement. Basically, this study developed a model that might be applied to investigate the changes of pore pressure and effective stress due to hydrocarbon production. In general, this paper focused velocity model effect of pore pressure and effective stress changes due to hydrocarbon production with illustrated by changes in saturation. The core samples from Miri field from Sarawak Malaysia ware used in this study, where the formation consists of sandstone reservoir. The study area is divided into sixteen (16) layers and encompassed six facies (A-F) from the outcrop that is used for stratigraphy sequence model. The experimental work was firstly involving data collection through field study and developing stratigraphy sequence model based on outcrop study. Porosity and permeability measurements were then performed after samples were cut into 1.5 inch diameter core samples. Next, velocity was analyzed using SONIC OYO and AutoLab 500. Three (3) scenarios of saturation were also conducted to exhibit the production history of the samples used. Results from this study show the alterations of velocity for different saturation with different actions of effective stress and pore pressure. It was observed that sample with water saturation has the highest velocity while dry sample has the lowest value. In comparison with oil to samples with oil saturation, water saturated sample still leads with the highest value since water has higher fluid density than oil. Furthermore, water saturated sample exhibits velocity derived parameters, such as poisson’s ratio and P-wave velocity over S-wave velocity (Vp/Vs) The result shows that pore pressure value ware reduced due to the decreasing of fluid content. The decreasing of pore pressure result may soften the elastic mineral frame and have tendency to possess high velocity. The alteration of pore pressure by the changes in fluid content or saturation resulted in alteration of velocity value that has proportionate trend with the effective stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore%20pressure" title="pore pressure">pore pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20stress" title=" effective stress"> effective stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miri%20formation" title=" miri formation"> miri formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41948/characteristics-of-pore-pressure-and-effective-stress-changes-in-sandstone-reservoir-due-to-hydrocarbon-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8938</span> Power MOSFET Models Including Quasi-Saturation Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghafour%20Galadi">Abdelghafour Galadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, accurate power MOSFET models including quasi-saturation effect are presented. These models have no internal node voltages determined by the circuit simulator and use one JFET or one depletion mode MOSFET transistors controlled by an “effective” gate voltage taking into account the quasi-saturation effect. The proposed models achieve accurate simulation results with an average error percentage less than 9%, which is an improvement of 21 percentage points compared to the commonly used standard power MOSFET model. In addition, the models can be integrated in any available commercial circuit simulators by using their analytical equations. A description of the models will be provided along with the parameter extraction procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20MOSFET" title="power MOSFET">power MOSFET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift%20layer" title=" drift layer"> drift layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-saturation%20effect" title=" quasi-saturation effect"> quasi-saturation effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPICE%20model" title=" SPICE model"> SPICE model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54686/power-mosfet-models-including-quasi-saturation-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8937</span> A Method to Saturation Modeling of Synchronous Machines in d-q Axes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Arbi%20Khlifi">Mohamed Arbi Khlifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20M.%20Alshammari"> Badr M. Alshammari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the general methods to saturation in the steady-state, two axis (d & q) frame models of synchronous machines. In particular, the important role of the magnetic coupling between the d-q axes (cross-magnetizing phenomenon), is demonstrated. For that purpose, distinct methods of saturation modeling of dumper synchronous machine with cross-saturation are identified, and detailed models synthesis in d-q axes. A number of models are given in the final developed form. The procedure and the novel models are verified by a critical application to prove the validity of the method and the equivalence between all developed models is reported. Advantages of some of the models over the existing ones and their applicability are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-magnetizing" title="cross-magnetizing">cross-magnetizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=models%20synthesis" title=" models synthesis"> models synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20machine" title=" synchronous machine"> synchronous machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturated%20modeling" title=" saturated modeling"> saturated modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state-space%20vectors" title=" state-space vectors"> state-space vectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31947/a-method-to-saturation-modeling-of-synchronous-machines-in-d-q-axes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8936</span> Development of Soft-Core System for Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caje%20F.%20Pinto">Caje F. Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jivan%20S.%20Parab"> Jivan S. Parab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gourish%20M.%20Naik"> Gourish M. Naik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is about the development of non-invasive heart rate and oxygen saturation in human blood using Altera NIOS II soft-core processor system. In today's world, monitoring oxygen saturation and heart rate is very important in hospitals to keep track of low oxygen levels in blood. We have designed an Embedded System On Peripheral Chip (SOPC) reconfigurable system by interfacing two LED’s of different wavelengths (660 nm/940 nm) with a single photo-detector to measure the absorptions of hemoglobin species at different wavelengths. The implementation of the interface with Finger Probe and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) was carried out using NIOS II soft-core system running on Altera NANO DE0 board having target as Cyclone IVE. This designed system is used to monitor oxygen saturation in blood and heart rate for different test subjects. The designed NIOS II processor based non-invasive heart rate and oxygen saturation was verified with another Operon Pulse oximeter for 50 measurements on 10 different subjects. It was found that the readings taken were very close to the Operon Pulse oximeter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate" title="heart rate">heart rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIOS%20II" title=" NIOS II"> NIOS II</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20saturation" title=" oxygen saturation"> oxygen saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoplethysmography" title=" photoplethysmography"> photoplethysmography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft-core" title=" soft-core"> soft-core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOPC" title=" SOPC"> SOPC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82788/development-of-soft-core-system-for-heart-rate-and-oxygen-saturation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8935</span> Family of Density Curves of Queensland Soils from Compaction Tests, on a 3D Z-Plane Function of Moisture Content, Saturation, and Air-Void Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Alehossein">Habib Alehossein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20K.%20Fernando"> M. S. K. Fernando</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil density depends on the volume of the voids and the proportion of the water and air in the voids. However, there is a limit to the contraction of the voids at any given compaction energy, whereby additional water is used to reduce the void volume further by lubricating the particles' frictional contacts. Hence, at an optimum moisture content and specific compaction energy, the density of unsaturated soil can be maximized where the void volume is minimum. However, when considering a full compaction curve and permutations and variations of all these components (soil, air, water, and energy), laboratory soil compaction tests can become expensive, time-consuming, and exhausting. Therefore, analytical methods constructed on a few test data can be developed and used to reduce such unnecessary efforts significantly. Concentrating on the compaction testing results, this study discusses the analytical modelling method developed for some fine-grained and coarse-grained soils of Queensland. Soil properties and characteristics, such as full functional compaction curves under various compaction energy conditions, were studied and developed for a few soil types. Using MATLAB, several generic analytical codes were created for this study, covering all possible compaction parameters and results as they occur in a soil mechanics lab. These MATLAB codes produce a family of curves to determine the relationships between the density, moisture content, void ratio, saturation, and compaction energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical" title="analytical">analytical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20curve" title=" compaction curve"> compaction curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20ratio" title=" void ratio"> void ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation" title=" saturation"> saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167504/family-of-density-curves-of-queensland-soils-from-compaction-tests-on-a-3d-z-plane-function-of-moisture-content-saturation-and-air-void-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8934</span> Application of Waterflooding to the Kashkari Oil Field in Northern Afghanistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zabihullah%20Mahdi">Zabihullah Mahdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Nayab"> Mahdi Nayab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaf%20Jalal"> Sadaf Jalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Seddiqi"> Navid Seddiqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrocarbons represent an important natural resource for the rehabilitation and sustainable development of Afghanistan. In this paper, the use of waterflooding is demonstrated for the petroleum reservoirs of the Kashkari oil field in northern Afghanistan. The technique is based on the Buckley–Leverett frontal-displacement theory, which enables computation of the progress of the waterfront in the reservoir. The relative permeabilities of oil and water, the residual oil saturation, and the irreducible water saturation are obtained from a laboratory experiment. The technique is applied to the laboratory plane-reservoir model to investigate the displacement mechanism and is then compared with the theoretical calculation. Lastly, the technique is applied to the Kashkari oil field to predict the feasible amount of oil that could be produced from this reservoir. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buckley%E2%80%93Leverett" title="Buckley–Leverett">Buckley–Leverett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterflooding" title=" waterflooding"> waterflooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20reservoir%20engineering" title=" petroleum reservoir engineering"> petroleum reservoir engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immiscible%20displacement" title=" immiscible displacement"> immiscible displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title=" porous media"> porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20permeability" title=" relative permeability"> relative permeability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111058/application-of-waterflooding-to-the-kashkari-oil-field-in-northern-afghanistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saturation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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