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Karbon - Vikipedi

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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ana menü" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ana menü</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ana menü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfayı ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakkımızda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakkımızda</span></a></li><li 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ilgili son bilgiler"><span>Köy çeşmesi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SonDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler" title="Vikide yapılmış son değişikliklerin listesi [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Son değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Y%C3%BCkle"><span>Dosya yükle</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Topluluk_portali" title="Proje hakkında, neler yapabilirsiniz, ne nerededir"><span>Topluluk portali</span></a></li><li id="n-shop-text" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org"><span>Wikimedia dükkânı</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yardım almak için"><span>Yardım</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" 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class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" aria-label="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Özel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kişisel araçlar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfanın yazı tipi boyutunun, genişliğinin ve renginin görünümünü değiştirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Görünüm" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Görünüm</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=tr" class=""><span>Bağış yapın</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&amp;returnto=Karbon" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir" class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&amp;returnto=Karbon" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum aç</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" 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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&amp;returnto=Karbon" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&amp;returnto=Karbon" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Özellikleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Özellikleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Özellikleri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Özellikleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kömürler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kömürler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kömürler</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kömürler-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Kömürler alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kömürler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Odun_kömürü" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odun_kömürü"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Odun kömürü</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odun_kömürü-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemik_kömürü" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemik_kömürü"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kemik kömürü</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemik_kömürü-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karbon_karası" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karbon_karası"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Karbon karası</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karbon_karası-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kok_kömürü" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kok_kömürü"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kok kömürü</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kok_kömürü-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karbon_allotropları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karbon_allotropları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Karbon allotropları</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karbon_allotropları-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Karbon allotropları alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Karbon_allotropları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elmas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elmas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Elmas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elmas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grafit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Grafit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fullerenler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fullerenler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fullerenler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fullerenler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karbon_bileşikleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karbon_bileşikleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Karbon bileşikleri</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karbon_bileşikleri-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Karbon bileşikleri alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Karbon_bileşikleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hidrokarbonlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrokarbonlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hidrokarbonlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrokarbonlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkoller" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkoller"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Alkoller</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkoller-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karbon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 203 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ካርቦን - Amharca" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካርቦን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كربون - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون - Fas Arapçası" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Fas Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="কাৰ্বন - Assamca" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাৰ্বন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="کربون - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کربون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Bali dili" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%C4%97" title="Onglė - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вуглярод - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вуглярод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вуглярод - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуглярод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Въглерод - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въглерод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဗွန် - Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကာဗွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="কার্বন - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্বন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="སོལ་རྗས། - Tibetçe" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སོལ་རྗས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugljik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Нүүрһэнтүрэгшэ - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нүүрһэнтүрэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ng" title="Táng - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Táng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Sebuano dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Sebuano dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%94_%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%85_%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A8" title="ᎤᎦᏔ ᏅᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ ᏬᏗᎨ - Çerokice" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᎦᏔ ᏅᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ ᏬᏗᎨ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Çerokice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86" title="کاربۆن - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاربۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniu" title="Carboniu - Korsikaca" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Carboniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uhlík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88" title="Кăмрăкамăш - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăмрăкамăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="önerilen madde"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuglik" title="Wuglik - Aşağı Sorbça" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wuglik" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άνθρακας - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνθρακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCsinik" title="Süsinik - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süsinik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbono" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu - Ekstremadura Dili" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Ekstremadura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کربن - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiili" title="Hiili - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiili" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni - Fiji dili" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolevni" title="Kolevni - Faroe dili" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kolevni" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carbone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboon_(element)" title="Karboon (element) - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Karboon (element)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni - Friuli dili" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koalstof" title="Koalstof - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koalstof" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n" title="Carbón - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carbón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 - Gan Çincesi" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonn" title="Karbonn - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Karbonn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualan" title="Gualan - İskoç Gaelcesi" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gualan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="İskoç Gaelcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatap%E1%BB%B9i" title="Tatapỹi - Guarani dili" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatapỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%A8" title="કાર્બન - Güceratça" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાર્બન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Güceratça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboan" title="Carboan - Man dili" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Carboan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Man dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Than" title="Than - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Than" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalepona" title="Kalepona - Hawaii dili" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kalepona" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="פחמן - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koila" title="Koila - Fiji Hintçesi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Koila" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hintçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhlik" title="Wuhlik - Yukarı Sorbça" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wuhlik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Yukarı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kab%C3%B2n" title="Kabòn - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kabòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9n" title="Szén - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ածխածին - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Բնածուխ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բնածուխ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbo" title="Karbo - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolefni" title="Kolefni - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kolefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="炭素 - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaban" title="Kaaban - Jamaika Patois Dili" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kaaban" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaika Patois Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tabno" title="tabno - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tabno" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირბადი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aka%E1%B9%9Bbun" title="Akaṛbun - Kabiliyece" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Akaṛbun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabiliyece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C9%A9b%C9%94n%C9%A9" title="Karɩbɔnɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Karɩbɔnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Көміртегі - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көміртегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2" title="ಇಂಗಾಲ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಗಾಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Шомувтыр - Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Шомувтыр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff - Köln lehçesi" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Köln lehçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шомчужысь - Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шомчужысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Kernevekçe" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kernevekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Көмүртек - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көмүртек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonium" title="Carbonium - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbonium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuelestoff" title="Kuelestoff - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuelestoff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод - Lezgice" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio - Ligurca" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonie" title="Carbonie - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Carbonie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni - Lombardça" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ຄາບອນ - Lao dili" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາບອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglis" title="Anglis - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogleklis" title="Ogleklis - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogleklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Седель - Mokşa dili" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Седель" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokşa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karb%C3%B4nina" title="Karbônina - Malgaşça" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karbônina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B1%D0%B9%D0%B4%D3%B1%D2%A5" title="Шӱйдӱҥ - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шӱйдӱҥ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waro" title="Waro - Maori dili" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Waro" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглерод" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA" title="കാർബൺ - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർബൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Нүүрстөрөгч - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нүүрстөрөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ - Manipuri dili" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод - Ova Çirmişçesi" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Ova Çirmişçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonju" title="Karbonju - Maltaca" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Karbonju" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဗွန် - Birman dili" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဗွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birman dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Седь - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Седь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecolli" title="Tecolli - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tecolli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन - Nepalce" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbo" title="Karbo - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Karbo" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1%C3%A1bin" title="Káábin - Navaho dili" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Káábin" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navaho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carbòni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilisuadu" title="Hiilisuadu - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hiilisuadu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboonii" title="Kaarboonii - Oromo dili" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaarboonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95" title="ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ - Oriya dili" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Æвзалыгуыр - Osetçe" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвзалыгуыр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕਾਰਬਨ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਬਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बोन - Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कार्बोन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek) - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni - Piyemontece" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Carbòni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piyemontece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاربون - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاربون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27illimsayaq" title="K&#039;illimsayaq - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K&#039;illimsayaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu - Ulahça" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Ulahça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карбон - Rusince" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Карбон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन - Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Харыалык - Yakutça" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харыалык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2niu" title="Carbòniu - Sardunya dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Carbòniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardunya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2niu" title="Carbòniu - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carbòniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caurbon" title="Caurbon - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caurbon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڪاربان - Sindhi dili" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاربان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljenik" title="Ugljenik - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljenik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="කාබන් - Sinhali dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාබන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uhlík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljik" title="Ogljik - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ci%C4%91%C4%91%C3%A2" title="Čiđđâ - İnari Laponcası" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Čiđđâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="İnari Laponcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabhoni" title="Kabhoni - Şona dili" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kabhoni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Şona dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboon" title="Kaarboon - Somalice" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kaarboon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboni" title="Karboni - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karboni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Угљеник - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљеник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolestof" title="Koolestof - Saterland Frizcesi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Koolestof" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Sunda dili" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol" title="Kol - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கரிமம் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్ - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్బన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карбон - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карбон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="คาร์บอน - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์บอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод - Tuvaca" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون - Uygurca" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uygurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вуглець - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вуглець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uglerod" title="Uglerod - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uglerod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio - Venedikçe" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venedikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hil%27nik" title="Hil&#039;nik - Veps dili" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hil&#039;nik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbong" title="Carbong - Batı Flamanca" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Carbong" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Batı Flamanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbin" title="Karbin - Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Karbin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone - Valonca" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Carbone" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Valonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод - Kalmıkça" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmıkça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-carbon" title="I-carbon - Zosa dili" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-carbon" data-language-autonym="İsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Zosa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A3" title="קוילנשטאף - Yidiş" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קוילנשטאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yidiş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rb%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%B9" title="Kárbọ̀nù - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kárbọ̀nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danq" title="Danq - Zhuangca" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Danq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuangca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵥⵓⵥⵉⵎ - Standart Fas Tamazigti" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵥⵓⵥⵉⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standart Fas Tamazigti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 - Edebi Çince" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Edebi Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B2a%E2%81%BF-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Thòaⁿ-sò͘ - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thòaⁿ-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmCalahle" title="UmCalahle - Zuluca" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmCalahle" data-language-autonym="İsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q623#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Karbon" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karbon"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karbon"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Karbon" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Karbon" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;oldid=32883782" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&amp;page=Karbon&amp;id=32883782&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKarbon"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKarbon"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Karbon"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Karbon&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carbon" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q623" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Başlığın diğer anlamları için <a href="/wiki/Karbon_(anlam_ayr%C4%B1m%C4%B1)" class="mw-disambig" title="Karbon (anlam ayrımı)">Karbon (anlam ayrımı)</a> sayfasına bakınız.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Karbon,&#160;<sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">6</span></sub>C</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/220px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/330px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/440px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="562" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Karbonun iki allotropu olan grafit (sol) ve elmas (sağ)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Allotrop" title="Allotrop">Allotroplar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elmas" title="Elmas">elmas</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbonun_allotroplar%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbonun allotropları (sayfa mevcut değil)">diğerleri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Görünüş</th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: siyah, metalik görünümlü elmas: berrak</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Standart_atom_a%C4%9F%C4%B1rl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Standart atom ağırlığı">Standart atom ağırlığı</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34219444">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">&#x20;<i>A</i><sub>r,&#160;std</sub>(C)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001120096000000000♠"></span>12,0096</span>,&#160;<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001120116000000000♠"></span>12,0116</span>]&#x20;geleneksel:&#160;<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001120110000000000♠"></span>12,011</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c"><a href="/wiki/Periyodik_tablo" title="Periyodik tablo">Periyodik tablodaki</a> yeri</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrojen" title="Hidrojen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Hidrojen</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helyum" title="Helyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Helyum</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lityum" title="Lityum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Lityum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilyum" title="Berilyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Berilyum</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span 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href="/wiki/Vanadyum" title="Vanadyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Vanadyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Krom</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganez" title="Manganez"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Manganez</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Demir" title="Demir"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Demir</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span 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style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Osmiyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ridyum" title="İridyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">İridyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Platin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n" title="Altın"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Altın</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/C%C4%B1va" title="Cıva"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cıva</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Talyum" title="Talyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Talyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%9Fun" title="Kurşun"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Kurşun</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bizmut</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonyum" title="Polonyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Polonyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Astatin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fransiyum" title="Fransiyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Fransiyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radyum" title="Radyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Radyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinyum" title="Aktinyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Aktinyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Toryum" title="Toryum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Toryum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinyum" title="Protaktinyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Protaktinyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranyum" title="Uranyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Uranyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nept%C3%BCnyum" title="Neptünyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neptünyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%BCtonyum" title="Plütonyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Plütonyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Amerikyum" title="Amerikyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Amerikyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCriyum" title="Küriyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Küriyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelyum" title="Berkelyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Berkelyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kaliforniyum" title="Kaliforniyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Kaliforniyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ayn%C5%9Ftaynyum" title="Aynştaynyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Aynştaynyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermiyum" title="Fermiyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Fermiyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevyum" title="Mendelevyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Mendelevyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelyum" title="Nobelyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Nobelyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lavrensiyum" title="Lavrensiyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lavrensiyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordiyum" title="Rutherfordiyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rutherfordiyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubniyum" title="Dubniyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Dubniyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgiyum" title="Seaborgiyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Seaborgiyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohriyum" title="Bohriyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Bohriyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassiyum" title="Hassiyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hassiyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitneriyum" title="Meitneriyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Meitneriyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtiyum" title="Darmstadtiyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Darmstadtiyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenyum" title="Röntgenyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Röntgenyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernikyum" title="Kopernikyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Kopernikyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihoniyum" title="Nihoniyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nihoniyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovyum" title="Flerovyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Flerovyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovyum" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskovyum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Moskovyum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermoryum" title="Livermoryum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Livermoryum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennesin" title="Tennesin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tennesin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oganesson</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">–<br />↑<br /><strong>C</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Silisyum" title="Silisyum">Si</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">bor</a> ← <strong>Karbon</strong> → <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">azot</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Atom_numaras%C4%B1" title="Atom numarası">Atom numarası</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Grup_(periyodik_tablo)" title="Grup (periyodik tablo)">Grup</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karbon_grubu" title="Karbon grubu">14.&#160;grup (karbon grubu)</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Periyot_(periyodik_tablo)" title="Periyot (periyodik tablo)">Periyot</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2._periyot_elementi" title="2. periyot elementi">2.&#160;periyot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(periyodik_tablo)" title="Blok (periyodik tablo)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="color legend: p bloku" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#fdff8c"></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Blok_(periyodik_tablo)#p_bloku" title="Blok (periyodik tablo)">p bloku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektron_dizilimi" title="Elektron dizilimi">Elektron dizilimi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Helyum" title="Helyum">He</a>&#93; 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kabuk başına elektron</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Fiziksel özellikler</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Faz_(madde)" title="Faz (madde)">Faz</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k_ve_bas%C4%B1n%C3%A7_i%C3%A7in_standart_ko%C5%9Fullar" title="Sıcaklık ve basınç için standart koşullar">SSB</a>'de)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kat%C4%B1" title="Katı">katı</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCblimle%C5%9Fme" title="Süblimleşme">Süblimleşme noktası</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3915&#160;K&#x20;&#x200b;(3642&#160;°C,&#x20;&#x200b;6588&#160;°F)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Yo%C4%9Funluk" title="Yoğunluk">Yoğunluk</a>&#x20;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(<abbr title="oda sıcaklığı">OS</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">amorf: 1,8–2,1&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <br />2,267&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&#x20; <br />3,515&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7l%C3%BC_nokta" title="Üçlü nokta">Üçlü nokta</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4600&#160;K,&#x20;&#x200b;10.800&#160;kPa<sup id="cite_ref-triple2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triple2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-triple3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triple3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erime_entalpisi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erime entalpisi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Erime entalpisi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 117&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joule_b%C3%B6l%C3%BC_mol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joule bölü mol (sayfa mevcut değil)">kJ/mol</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molar_%C4%B1s%C4%B1_kapasitesi" title="Molar ısı kapasitesi">Molar ısı kapasitesi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 8,517&#160;J/(mol·K)&#x20;<br />elmas: 6,155&#160;J/(mol·K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Atom özellikleri</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCkseltgenme_durumu" title="Yükseltgenme durumu">Yükseltgenme durumları</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b>-4</b></span>, <a href="/wiki/Etan" title="Etan">-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metanol" title="Metanol">-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbit (sayfa mevcut değil)">-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formaldehit" title="Formaldehit">0</a>, +1,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> +2, +3,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+4</b></span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> hafif asidik</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegatiflik" title="Elektronegatiflik">Elektronegatiflik</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling&#160;ölçeği: 2,55&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0yonla%C5%9Fma_enerjisi" title="İyonlaşma enerjisi">İyonlaşma enerjileri</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist" style=""><ul><li>1.:&#160;1086,5&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;</li><li>2.:&#160;2352,6&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;</li><li>3.:&#160;4620,5&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;</li><li>&#x20;</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kovalent_yar%C4%B1%C3%A7ap%C4%B1" title="Kovalent yarıçapı">Kovalent yarıçapı</a></th><td class="infobox-data">sp<sup>3</sup>: 77 pm<br />sp<sup>2</sup>: 73 pm<br />sp: 69&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pikometre" title="Pikometre">pm</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_yar%C4%B1%C3%A7ap%C4%B1" title="Van der Waals yarıçapı">Van der Waals yarıçapı</a></th><td class="infobox-data">170&#160;pm&#x20;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Carbon_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bir spektrum aralığındaki renk çizgileri"><img alt="Bir spektrum aralığındaki renk çizgileri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbon_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Carbon_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbon_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Carbon_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbon_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Carbon_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Bir spektrum aralığındaki renk çizgileri</figcaption></figure><strong>Elementin <a href="/wiki/Spektrum_%C3%A7izgisi" title="Spektrum çizgisi">spektrum çizgileri</a></strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Diğer özellikleri</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kristal_yap%C4%B1" title="Kristal yapı">Kristal yapı</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Grafit:&#x20;&#x200b;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hekzagonal_kristal_yap%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hekzagonal kristal yapı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Basit hekzagonal</a><div style="float:right;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Hexagonal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basit hekzagonalGrafit: kristal yapısı Karbon"><img alt="Basit hekzagonalGrafit: kristal yapısı Karbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/50px-Hexagonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/75px-Hexagonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/100px-Hexagonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div><br />(siyah)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kristal yapı</th><td class="infobox-data">Elmas:&#x20;&#x200b;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Elmas_k%C3%BCbik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elmas kübik (sayfa mevcut değil)">Yüzey merkezli elmas kübik</a><div style="float:right;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elmas kübik Elmas: kristal yapısı Karbon"><img alt="Elmas kübik Elmas: kristal yapısı Karbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg/50px-Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg/75px-Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg/100px-Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="175" /></a></span></div><br />(berrak)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Genle%C5%9Fme" title="Genleşme">Genleşme</a></th><td class="infobox-data">elmas: 0,8&#160;µm/(m·K)&#x20;(25&#160;°C'de)<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%B1_iletkenli%C4%9Fi" title="Isı iletkenliği">Isı iletkenliği</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 119–165&#160;W/(m·K)&#x20;<br />elmas: 900–2300&#160;W/(m·K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektrik_direnci_ve_iletkenli%C4%9Fi" title="Elektrik direnci ve iletkenliği">Elektrik direnci</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 7,837&#160;Ω·m<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Manyetizma" title="Manyetizma">Manyetik düzen</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diyamanyetizma" title="Diyamanyetizma">diyamanyetik</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Manyetik_al%C4%B1nganl%C4%B1k" title="Manyetik alınganlık">Manyetik alınganlık</a></th><td class="infobox-data">-<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994590000000000000♠"></span>5,9<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>-6</sup></span>&#160;cm<sup>3</sup>/mol<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Young_mod%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Young modülü">Young modülü</a></th><td class="infobox-data">elmas: 1050&#160;GPa<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kayma_mod%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Kayma modülü">Kayma modülü</a></th><td class="infobox-data">elmas: 478&#160;GPa<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hacim_mod%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Hacim modülü">Hacim modülü</a></th><td class="infobox-data">elmas: 442&#160;GPa<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Poisson_oran%C4%B1" title="Poisson oranı">Poisson oranı</a></th><td class="infobox-data">elmas: 0,1<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_sertli%C4%9Fi" title="Mohs sertliği">Mohs sertliği</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 1–2<br /> elmas: 10&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Kay%C4%B1t_Numaras%C4%B1" title="CAS Kayıt Numarası">CAS Numarası</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist" style=""><ul><li>atomik karbon: 7440-44-0</li><li>grafit: 7782-42-5</li><li>elmas: 7782-40-3</li></ul></div>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Tarihi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementlerin_ke%C5%9Fif_tarihleri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementlerin keşif tarihleri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Keşif</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antik_M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Antik Mısır">Mısırlılar</a> ve <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmerler" title="Sümerler">Sümerler</a><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x20;(MÖ 3750)</span><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bir element olarak tanıyan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1789)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Ana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon_izotoplar%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbon izotopları (sayfa mevcut değil)">izotopları</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zotop" title="İzotop">İzotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fal_bolluk" title="Doğal bolluk">Bolluk</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yar%C4%B1_%C3%B6m%C3%BCr" title="Yarı ömür">Yarı ömür</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34219444"><span class="nobold">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Radyoaktivite" title="Radyoaktivite">Bozunma türü</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bozunma_%C3%BCr%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Bozunma ürünü">Ürün</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon-11&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbon-11 (sayfa mevcut değil)"><sup>11</sup>C</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Yapay_radyoizotop" title="Yapay radyoizotop">yapay</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">20&#160;dak </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Beta_bozunmas%C4%B1" title="Beta bozunması">β<sup>+</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bor-11&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bor-11 (sayfa mevcut değil)"><sup>11</sup>B</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon-12" title="Karbon-12"><sup>12</sup>C</a> </th> <td style="">%98,9 </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kararl%C4%B1_izotop_oran%C4%B1" title="Kararlı izotop oranı">kararlı</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon-13" title="Karbon-13"><sup>13</sup>C</a> </th> <td style="">%1,1 </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kararl%C4%B1_izotop_oran%C4%B1" title="Kararlı izotop oranı">kararlı</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Karbon-14" title="Karbon-14"><sup>14</sup>C</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eser_radyoizotop" title="Eser radyoizotop">eser miktarda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">5730&#160;yıl </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Beta_bozunmas%C4%B1" title="Beta bozunması">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><sup>14</sup>N </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karbon</b>, <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fa" title="Doğa">doğada</a> yaygın bulunan <a href="/wiki/Ametal" title="Ametal">ametal</a> kimyasal <a href="/wiki/Element" title="Element">elementtir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Evren" title="Evren">Evrende</a> bolluk bakımından altıncı sırada yer alan karbon, kızgın <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z" title="Yıldız">yıldızlarda</a> <a href="/wiki/Hidrojen" title="Hidrojen">hidrojenin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termon%C3%BCkleer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Termonükleer (sayfa mevcut değil)">termonükleer</a> yanmasında temel rol oynar. Dünyada hem doğal halde, hem de başka elementlerle bileşik halinde bulunan karbon, ağırlık olarak <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya%27n%C4%B1n_yerkabu%C4%9Fu" title="Dünya&#39;nın yerkabuğu">Dünya'nın yerkabuğunun</a> yaklaşık %0,2'sini oluşturur. En arı (katışıksız) biçimleri <a href="/wiki/Elmas" title="Elmas">elmas</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafittir</a>; daha düşük arılık derecelerinde <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C3%BCr" title="Kömür">maden kömürünün</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kok_k%C3%B6m%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Kok kömürü">kok kömürünün</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Odun_k%C3%B6m%C3%BCr%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Odun kömürü">odun kömürünün</a> bileşeni olarak bulunur. <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer" title="Atmosfer">Atmosferin</a> yaklaşık&#160;% 0,05'ini oluşturan ve bütün doğal sularda erimiş olarak bulunan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksit" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon dioksit">karbon dioksit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kire%C3%A7_ta%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Kireç taşı">kireç taşı</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Mermer" title="Mermer">mermer</a> gibi <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">karbonat</a> mineralleri, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C3%BCr" title="Kömür">kömürün</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">petrolün</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Falgaz" title="Doğalgaz">doğalgazın</a> başlıca yapıtaşları olan <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon">hidrokarbonlar</a>, en bol bulunan bileşikleridir. </p><p>Karbon, bilinen elementlerin en çok yönlü olanıdır. Bileşiklerin %94'ü (4 milyondan çoğu) karbon içerir. Yaşamın dayandığı temel işlevleri yerine getirmek için yeterli çeşitlilikte ve karmaşıklıkta düzenlemeler oluşturarak başka elementlerle birleşme yeteneği, yalnızca karbonda vardır. Belirli karbon bileşikleri, canlılardaki maddenin yaklaşık %18'ini oluşturur (geri kalanı çoğunlukla <a href="/wiki/Su" title="Su">sudur</a>). Bu bileşikler, canlı hücrelerin planı olarak, hücre yapımında kullanılan yapıtaşları olarak işlev görürler. </p><p>Yakıt işlevi gören başka karbon bileşikleri de, yeşil bitkilerde ışıl birleşimle sürekli olarak yenilenir. Organizma öldüğü zaman, çevreyle karbon alışverişi durur ve geriye kalan radyoaktif karbon-14 izotopu miktarı, biyolojik kökenli maddelerin yaşını belirlemekte kullanılabilir. </p><p>Kalkınmış ülkelerin ekonomilerinin büyük bir bölümü, karbon içeren yakıtların, plastiklerin, kimyasal maddelerin, dokumaların ve ilaçların işlenmesine ve üretimine dayanır. Karbon temelli sentetik bileşiklerin üretilmesi ve kullanılması, birçok ülkede yaşama düzeyini derinlemesine etkilemiştir. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Özellikleri"><span id=".C3.96zellikleri"></span>Özellikleri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Özellikleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Özellikleri"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Simgesi C, atom numarası 6, atom ağırlığı 12,011 olan karbon, <a href="/wiki/Periyodik_tablo" title="Periyodik tablo">periyodik tablonun</a> 14. grubunda <a href="/wiki/Silisyum" title="Silisyum">silisyum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germanyum" title="Germanyum">germanyum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalay" title="Kalay">kalay</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%9Fun" title="Kurşun">kurşun</a> elementleriyle birlikte yer alır. Bu elementlerin en hafifi ve en az metalik olanıdır. Periyodik çizelgedeki başka birçok grubun tersine, 14. grup elementleri, kimyasal bakımdan birbirinden çok farklıdır; grubu temsil edici davranışı en fazla gösteren de karbondur. </p><p>Karbonun en bol bulunan izotopu, doğal karbonun&#160;% 98,89'unu oluşturan <a href="/wiki/Karbon-12" title="Karbon-12">karbon-12</a>'dir. Tam olarak 12 dalton (atom kütlesi birimi) değerinde olan bu izotop, atom ağırlığı konusunda uluslararası standart olarak kullanılır. Doğal karbonun&#160;% 1,11'ini oluşturan <a href="/wiki/Karbon-13" title="Karbon-13">karbon-13</a>, ikinci kararlı izotoptur. Karbonun beş radyoaktif izotopu bilinmektedir; bunlardan <a href="/wiki/Karbon-14" title="Karbon-14">karbon-14</a> (yarılanma süresi 5 730 yıl) en kararlı ve en yararlı olanıdır. Bağlar. Serbest karbon atomunun 1s kabuğunda iki elektron, 2s ve 2p kabuklarındaysa bağ oluşturmaya hazır dört değerlik elektronu bulunur. Metallerden ve ametallerin birçoğundan farklı olarak, karbonda bağ oluşumu genellikle iyonik değil, <a href="/wiki/Kovalent_ba%C4%9F" title="Kovalent bağ">kovalent</a> (ortaklaşa) niteliktedir. Bunun nedenlerinden biri, karbonun atom sayısının küçük olması, bu nedenle de, atom çekirdeğine yakın olan değerlik elektronlarını çok sıkı tutmasıdır. Ayrıca, bir karbon atomunun kararlı bir iyon haline gelmesi için dört elektron alması ya da yitirmesi gerekir: Bu da oldukça büyük enerji isteyen bir olaydır. </p><p>Ortaklaşa bağlanmada, her karbon atomu, değerlik elektronlarını karşılıklı olarak başka atomlarla paylaşır. Karbon bileşiklerinin çoğunda, bitişik bir atom, 1-3 arasında elektron verir; buna karşılık karbon da eşit sayıda elektron katkısı yapar ve tek, çift ya da üçlü bağ oluşur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kömürler"><span id="K.C3.B6m.C3.BCrler"></span>Kömürler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kömürler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kömürler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odun_kömürü"><span id="Odun_k.C3.B6m.C3.BCr.C3.BC"></span>Odun kömürü</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Odun kömürü" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Odun kömürü"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ana başlık: <a href="/wiki/Biyolojik_k%C3%B6m%C3%BCr" title="Biyolojik kömür">Odun kömürü</a></i> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Odun_k%C3%B6m%C3%BCr%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Odun kömürü">Odun kömürü</a> hafif, gözenekli siyah ya da koyu gri renkli bir maddedir; odunun havasız ortamda yakılmasıyla elde edilir. (Karbonun bir başka allotropu olan odun kömürüne ilişkin ayrıntılı bilgi <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C3%BCr" title="Kömür">kömür</a> maddesinde verilmiştir.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemik_kömürü"><span id="Kemik_k.C3.B6m.C3.BCr.C3.BC"></span>Kemik kömürü</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kemik kömürü" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kemik kömürü"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odun kömürünün katışıklı bir türü de, yalnızca yüzde 10 oranında karbon içeren kemik kömürüdür. Kemik kömürü, hayvan kemiklerinin iyice kırılıp havasız ortamda yakılmasıyla elde edilir. Kemik kömürü herhangi bir sıvı ile ısıtıldığında, sıvını rengini yok eder, bu nedenle sanayide renk giderici olarak kullanılır. Örneğin, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eeker" title="Şeker">şeker</a> bu yolla arıtılır. Çay kemik kömürü ile kaynatıldığında tamamen renksiz hale gelir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karbon_karası"><span id="Karbon_karas.C4.B1"></span>Karbon karası</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Karbon karası" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Karbon karası"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karbon karası ise <a href="/wiki/Gazya%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazyağı">gazyağı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terebentin" class="mw-redirect" title="Terebentin">terebentin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">benzen</a> ya da <a href="/wiki/Mum" title="Mum">mum</a> gibi maddelerin havasız az ortamlarda yandıklarında çıkardıkları istir. Karbon karası katışıksız, yumuşak, siyah renkli bir <a href="/wiki/Toz" title="Toz">tozdur</a>; yağla karıştırılarak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matbaa_m%C3%BCrekkebi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Matbaa mürekkebi (sayfa mevcut değil)">matbaa mürekkebi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boya" title="Boya">boya</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayakkab%C4%B1_cilas%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayakkabı cilası (sayfa mevcut değil)">ayakkabı cilasında</a> kullanılır. Ayrıca otomobil ve bisiklet <a href="/wiki/Lastik" class="mw-disambig" title="Lastik">lastiklerinin</a> yapımında, aşınmaya karşı daha dayanıklı kılmak amacıyla karbon karasından yararlanılır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kok_kömürü"><span id="Kok_k.C3.B6m.C3.BCr.C3.BC"></span>Kok kömürü</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kok kömürü" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kok kömürü"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ana başlık: <a href="/wiki/Kok_k%C3%B6m%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Kok kömürü">Kok kömürü</a></i> </p><p>Kok kömürü, kömürün havasız ortamda, yüksek sıcaklıklarda yakılmasıyla elde edilir. Kok kömüründeki karbon oranı yaklaşık %90'dır. Karbon elementi gerek kömür, antrasit ve kok kömürü olarak, gerek bileşik halde bulunduğu selüloz ve <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">petrol</a> olarak çok önemli bir yakıttır. Karbon ve <a href="/wiki/Oksijen" title="Oksijen">oksijen</a> bileşikleri birbirleriyle çok kolay birleşir. <a href="/wiki/%C3%87inko" title="Çinko">Çinko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demir" title="Demir">demir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalay" title="Kalay">kalay</a> ya da <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%9Fun" title="Kurşun">kurşun</a> <a href="/wiki/Oksit" title="Oksit">oksitler</a> gibi metal oksitleri karbon ile birlikte ısıtıldığında, karbon metal oksitteki oksijenle birleşir ve geriye katışıksız metal kalır. Bu <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ndirgenme" class="mw-redirect" title="İndirgenme">indirgenme</a> tepkimesinden sanayide yararlanılır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karbon_allotropları"><span id="Karbon_allotroplar.C4.B1"></span>Karbon allotropları</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Karbon allotropları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Karbon allotropları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ana madde: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon_allotroplar%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbon allotropları (sayfa mevcut değil)">Karbon allotropları</a></i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png/350px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png/525px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png/700px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png 2x" data-file-width="1762" data-file-height="1895" /></a><figcaption>Karbonun bazı allotropları: a) <a href="/wiki/Elmas" title="Elmas">elmas</a>; b) <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>; c) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alt%C4%B1gen_elmas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Altıgen elmas (sayfa mevcut değil)">altıgen elmas</a>; d-f) <a href="/wiki/Fulleren" title="Fulleren">fullerenler</a> (C<sub>60</sub>, C<sub>540</sub>, C<sub>70</sub>); g) amorf karbon; h) <a href="/wiki/Karbon_nanot%C3%BCp" title="Karbon nanotüp">karbon nanotüp</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Kohlenstoffnanoroehre_Animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Kohlenstoffnanoroehre_Animation.gif/200px-Kohlenstoffnanoroehre_Animation.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Kohlenstoffnanoroehre_Animation.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption><i>Bir karbon nanotüpün üç boyutlu gösterimi.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Aynı maddenin değişik kristal biçimlerine <a href="/wiki/Allotrop" title="Allotrop">allotrop</a> denir; allotrop sözcüğü <i>değişik biçim</i> anlamında Yunanca iki sözcükten gelir. <a href="/wiki/Elmas" title="Elmas">Elmas</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, karbonun allotroplarıdır. Elmasta her karbon <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomu</a>, dört başka karbon atomuna bağlanarak üç boyutlu katı bir yapı oluşturur; grafitte ise karbon atomları, üst üste yığılmış geniş, yassı levhalar oluşturacak biçimde, iki boyutlu düzlemde birbirlerine bağlanmıştır. Bu levhalar birbirlerinin üzerinden kolayca kayar; grafitin iyi bir yağlayıcı olma özelliği de bundan kaynaklanır. Grafitin kâğıt üzerinde iz bırakmasının nedeni de, bu ince atom levhalarının grafitten ayrılarak kağıdın üzerinde birikmesidir. Elmas ve grafit dışında karbonun ayrıca altıgen elmas gibi doğal, camsı karbon, <a href="/wiki/Fulleren" title="Fulleren">fullerenler</a> kümelenmiş elmas nanoçubukları, karbon nanoköpüğü, doğrusal asetilenik karbon (LAC) gibi yapay allotropları da vardır. Karbonun belirgin, kendilerine özgü bir yapısı ya da biçimi olmayan allotropuna amorf karbon denir. <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6m%C3%BCr" title="Kömür">Kömür</a> bu biçimdedir. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elmas">Elmas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Elmas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Elmas"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ana başlık: <a href="/wiki/Elmas" title="Elmas">Elmas</a></i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Diamond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Diamond.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Elmas</figcaption></figure><p>Arı elmas, bilinen en sert doğal maddedir. Renksiz ve saydam olmasına karşın, başka minerallerle arılığı bozulduğu zaman, pastel renklerden mat siyaha kadar uzanan çeşitli renklerde bulunabilir. Elmas, kimyasal bakımdan eylemsizdir; ama yüksek sıcaklıklarda havada yanması sağlanabilir. Bilinen ısıyı ileten en iyi malzemedir ve elektrik yalıtkanıdır. 1955'e kadar, yanardağ kökenli doğal yataklar tek elmas kaynağıyken, o tarihten bu yana aletlerde ve pikap iğnelerinde kullanılan elmaslar, grafitin yüksek basınçlara ve sıcaklıklara uğratılmasıyla yapay olarak üretilmektedir (mücevher niteliğinde elmaslar bu yolla elde edilemez). </p><p>Elmasın özellikleri, bütünüyle birbirine kenetlenmiş dörtyüzlü karbon atomlarının oluşturduğu kristal yapısından kaynaklanır; bu atomların her biri, en yakın dört komşusuna ortaklaşa bağlanmıştır. Karbon-karbon bağının olağanüstü dayanıklılığı ve ortaklaşa bağlarla kenetlenmiş yapısı, elmasın sert ve eylemsiz olmasını sağlayan nedenlerdir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grafit">Grafit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Grafit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Grafit"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ana başlık: <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">Grafit</a></i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:GraphiteUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/GraphiteUSGOV.jpg/200px-GraphiteUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/GraphiteUSGOV.jpg/300px-GraphiteUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/GraphiteUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Grafit</figcaption></figure><p>Grafit, karbonun yaygın bir allotropudur. Yumuşak, yağlı, kâğıtta iz bırakan, siyah renkli bir katı maddedir. Grafitte her bir karbon atomu aynı düzlemde bulunan diğer üç atoma altıgen halkalar oluşturacak şekilde bağlanır. Oluşan ağ iki boyutludur ve bu şekilde meydana gelen tabakalar birbirine zayıf <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_kuvveti" title="Van der Waals kuvveti">Van der Waals kuvveti</a> ile bağlanır. Bu yüzden, tabakala birbirlerinin üzerinde kolayca kayar. Grafit, yağ haline getirilip makinelerde, çalışan parçaların birbirine sürtünürken aşınmasını azaltmak ya da engellemek amacıyla <a href="/wiki/Ya%C4%9Flay%C4%B1c%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Yağlayıcı">yağlayıcı</a> olarak kullanılır. <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%9Fun_kalem" title="Kurşun kalem">Kurşun kalemlerin</a> içindeki uç da, içine kil katılarak biraz sertleştirilmiş grafittir. Grafitin elde edildiği başlıca yerler <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sibirya" title="Sibirya">Sibirya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Amerika" title="Kuzey Amerika">Kuzey Amerika</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksika</a>'dır. Grafit, kok kömürünün çok yüksek sıcaklıklarda işlenmesiyle yapay olarak da üretilebilir. Grafit çok yüksek sıcaklıklara dayanabilir, ayrıca çok iyi bir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrik_iletken&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrik iletken (sayfa mevcut değil)">elektrik iletkenidir</a>. Bu nedenle, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ama%C5%9F%C4%B1r_makinesi" title="Çamaşır makinesi">çamaşır makinesi</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Elektrikli_s%C3%BCp%C3%BCrge" title="Elektrikli süpürge">elektrikli süpürge</a> gibi aygıtlardaki <a href="/wiki/Elektrik_motoru" title="Elektrik motoru">elektrik motorlarının</a> fırçaları grafitten yapılır. Son dönemlerde, uzay kapsüllerinin ısı kalkanlarının yapımında da grafitten yararlanılmaya başlanmıştır. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fullerenler">Fullerenler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Fullerenler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Fullerenler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ana başlık: <a href="/wiki/Fulleren" title="Fulleren">Fulleren</a></i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Fullerene-C60.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fullerene-C60.png/200px-Fullerene-C60.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fullerene-C60.png/300px-Fullerene-C60.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fullerene-C60.png/400px-Fullerene-C60.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Fulleren</figcaption></figure><p>Karbonun yapay allotropları olan Fullerenler, grafit benzeri yapılara sahiptir fakat grafit gibi saf altıgen değil, aynı zamanda beşgen ve hatta bazen yedigen kristaller de içerir. Bu yapı, altıgen kristallerden oluşan ana düzlemin kıvrılarak küreler, elipsoidler ve silindirler oluşturmasına yol açar. Fullerenlerin yapıları ve özellikleri nanomalzemeler alanında dev bir araştırma konusudur. "Fullerene" adı, bazı fullerenlerin benzediği <a href="/wiki/Jeodezik_kubbe" title="Jeodezik kubbe">jeodezik kubbeler</a> tasarlayan Amerikalı mimar Richard Buckminster Fuller'e ithafen verilmiştir. Buckyball denen yapılar, üçgen karbon yapılarının küresel biçimlerde kapanmasından oluşan oldukça büyük moleküllerdir. En çok bilinen en basit buckyball molekülü, futbol topu benzeri yapısıyla C<sub>60</sub> <b>buckminsterfulleren</b>dir.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karbon nanotüpler boş silindir şeklinde bir yapıya sahiptir.<sup id="cite_ref-nanotubes_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotubes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nanotubes2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotubes2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nanotomurcuklar ise, buckyball yapıların nanotüplerin dış duvarına kovalent bağla bağlanmasından oluşan nanotüp/buckyball melez yapısında malzemelerdir.<sup id="cite_ref-nanobuds_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanobuds-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karbon_bileşikleri"><span id="Karbon_bile.C5.9Fikleri"></span>Karbon bileşikleri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Karbon bileşikleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Karbon bileşikleri"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karbonun oluşturduğu sayılamayacak kadar çok bileşik vardır. Karbon; <a href="/wiki/Karbondioksit" title="Karbondioksit">karbon dioksit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalsiyum_karbonat" title="Kalsiyum karbonat">kalsiyum karbonat</a> (kireç taşı) gibi inorganik bileşiklerin yapısına katılabildiği gibi asıl olarak <a href="/wiki/Organik_bile%C5%9Fik" title="Organik bileşik">organik bileşiklerde</a> bulunur. <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbonlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrokarbonlar">Hidrokarbonlar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkoller" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkoller">alkoller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eter" title="Eter">eterler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karboksilik_asit" title="Karboksilik asit">karboksilli asitler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aminler" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminler">aminler</a> bunlardan yalnızca birkaçıdır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrokarbonlar">Hidrokarbonlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Hidrokarbonlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Hidrokarbonlar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbonlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrokarbonlar">Hidrokarbonlar</a></div> <p>En basit <a href="/wiki/Hidrokarbon" title="Hidrokarbon">hidrokarbon</a>, <i>bataklık gazı</i> da denilen <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> gazıdır; bu maddenin temel yapısı, ortadaki bir karbon atomunu çevreleyen dört <a href="/wiki/Hidrojen" title="Hidrojen">hidrojen</a> atomundan oluşur. <a href="/wiki/Sibirya" title="Sibirya">Sibirya</a>'da ya da <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Denizi" title="Kuzey Denizi">Kuzey Denizi</a>'nde yer altından çıkarılan doğal gazın başlıca bileşiği metan gazıdır. Metanın kimyasal formülü CH<sub>4</sub> biçimindedir. Eğer dört karbon atomu birbirine bağlanırsa bütan gazı oluşur. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCtan" title="Bütan">Bütanın</a> kimyasal formülü de C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>'dur. Mutfaklarda kullanılan tüp gaz, bütan gazıdır. Metandaki hidrojen atomlarının yerine <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klor</a> atomları geçirilirse, bir zamanlar önemli bir anestezik olan <a href="/wiki/Kloroform" title="Kloroform">kloroform</a> bileşikleri ve değerli bir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimyasal_%C3%A7%C3%B6z%C3%BCc%C3%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimyasal çözücü (sayfa mevcut değil)">kimyasal çözücü</a> olan karbon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraklor%C3%BCr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraklorür (sayfa mevcut değil)">tetraklorür</a> oluşur. Metan molekülüne bir oksijen atomu bağlanırsa, ortaya bir tür <a href="/wiki/Alkol" title="Alkol">alkol</a> çıkar. </p><p>Karbon ile oksijenin oluşturduğu iki basit bileşik vardır: <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksit" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon dioksit">Karbon dioksit</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>) ve <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksit" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon monoksit">karbon monoksit</a> (CO). Her ikisi de gaz halindedir; ilki havada bulunur ikincisi ise çok <a href="/wiki/Zehir" title="Zehir">zehirlidir</a>. </p><p>Dünyanın pek çok yerindeki petrol yataklarından çıkarılan ham petrol, <a href="/wiki/Rafineri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafineri">rafineriler</a> de işlenerek, değişik uzunluktaki karbon zincirinden oluşan maddeler elde edilir; bu maddelere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrol_t%C3%BCrevi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrol türevi (sayfa mevcut değil)">petrol türevleri</a> denir. Ağır, kalın ya da ince bütün <a href="/wiki/Ya%C4%9F" title="Yağ">yağlar</a> hidrokarbondur. </p><p>Karbon atomlarının hidrojenle doyurulmamış, yani tümüyle doldurulmamış olduğu hidrokarbon dizileri de vardır. bu dizilerin birinde karbon atomları birbirine çift bağ ile bağlanmıştır; bu tür hidrokarbonların en basit örneği <a href="/wiki/Etilen" title="Etilen">etilen</a>'dir. Üç bağlı karbon atomlarını içeren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doymam%C4%B1%C5%9F_hidrokarbonlar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Doymamış hidrokarbonlar (sayfa mevcut değil)">doymamış hidrokarbonlar</a> dizisinin ilk üyesi de <a href="/wiki/Asetilen" title="Asetilen">asetilen</a> gazıdır. </p><p>Kömürün damıtılmasıyla elde edilen kalın, siyah renkli bir sıvı olan <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6m%C3%BCr_katran%C4%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kömür katranı (sayfa mevcut değil)">kömür katranından</a> da önemli bir hidrokarbon dizisi oluşturulur. Bu dizinin ilk ve en basit üyesi <a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">benzendir</a>. Benzen, bir halka biçiminde birbirine bağlanmış altı karbon atomu içerir. Bu dizide bulunan pek çok hidrokarbon, bitkilerden salınanlara benzeyen kokular yaydıklarından <a href="/wiki/Aromatik_hidrokarbonlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatik hidrokarbonlar">aromatik hidrokarbonlar</a> olarak adlandırılırlar. Parfümler, en az bir benzen halkası içerir. <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCve" title="Güve">Güvelere</a> karşı kullanılan <a href="/wiki/Naftalin" title="Naftalin">naftalin</a>, birbiriyle birleşmiş iki halkadan oluşur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alkoller">Alkoller</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Alkoller" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Alkoller"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ana madde: <a href="/wiki/Alkol" title="Alkol">Alkol</a></div> <p>Mono alkoller, C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>OH genel formülüne sahip, karbon atomuna doğrudan bağlı -OH (hidroksil) grubu bulunduran organik moleküllere denir. En basit üyesi <a href="/wiki/Metanol" title="Metanol">metil alkoldür</a> (CH<sub>3</sub>OH). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Lide, D. R., (Ed.) (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche0000unse_86ed"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-8493-0486-5" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-8493-0486-5">0-8493-0486-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche0000unse_86ed&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: Editörler parametresini kullanan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_Edit%C3%B6rler_parametresini_kullanan" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: Editörler parametresini kullanan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-triple2-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-triple2_2-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". <i>Carbon</i>. <b>14</b> (6): 357-361. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223%2876%2990010-5">10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Graphite-liquid-vapor+triple+point+pressure+and+the+density+of+liquid+carbon&amp;rft.pages=357-361&amp;rft.date=1976&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0008-6223%2876%2990010-5&amp;rft.au=Haaland%2C+D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-triple3-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-triple3_3-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak akademik-dergi">Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". <i>Carbon</i>. <b>43</b> (6): 1115-1142. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027">10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Measurements+of+the+melting+point+of+graphite+and+the+properties+of+liquid+carbon+%28a+review+for+1963%E2%80%932003%29&amp;rft.pages=1115-1142&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.carbon.2004.12.027&amp;rft.au=Savvatimskiy%2C+A&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/42.pdf">"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2007-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fourier+Transform+Spectroscopy+of+the+Electronic+Transition+of+the+Jet-Cooled+CCI+Free+Radical&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbernath.uwaterloo.ca%2Fmedia%2F42.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ar%C5%9Fivlenmesi_gereken_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1ya_sahip_kaynak_%C5%9Fablonu_i%C3%A7eren_maddeler" title="Kategori:Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/36.pdf">"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2007-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fourier+Transform+Spectroscopy+of+the+System+of+CP&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbernath.uwaterloo.ca%2Fmedia%2F36.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ar%C5%9Fivlenmesi_gereken_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1ya_sahip_kaynak_%C5%9Fablonu_i%C3%A7eren_maddeler" title="Kategori:Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/carbon/compounds.html">"Carbon: Binary compounds"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">2007-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon%3A+Binary+compounds&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fcarbon%2Fcompounds.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ar%C5%9Fivlenmesi_gereken_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1ya_sahip_kaynak_%C5%9Fablonu_i%C3%A7eren_maddeler" title="Kategori:Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ioffe-7"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Diamond">Properties of diamond</a> 17 Nisan 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417203722/http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Diamond">arşivlendi</a>., Ioffe Institute Database</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040106090858/https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MaterialProperties/ET/ET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm">"Material Properties- Misc Materials"</a>. <i>www.nde-ed.org</i>. 6 Ocak 2004 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MaterialProperties/ET/ET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 12 Kasım 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.nde-ed.org&amp;rft.atitle=Material+Properties-+Misc+Materials&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nde-ed.org%2FGeneralResources%2FMaterialProperties%2FET%2FET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a> 12 Ocak 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112012253/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">arşivlendi</a>., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Weast, Robert (1984). <i>CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. ss.&#160;E110. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-8493-0464-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-8493-0464-4">978-0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&amp;rft.pages=E110&amp;rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0464-4&amp;rft.aulast=Weast&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web">Senese, Fred (9 Eylül 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010305223720/http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml">"Who discovered carbon?"</a>. Frostburg State University. 5 Mart 2001 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 24 Kasım 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Who+discovered+carbon%3F&amp;rft.pub=Frostburg+State+University&amp;rft.date=2000-09-09&amp;rft.au=Senese%2C+Fred&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantoine.frostburg.edu%2Fchem%2Fsenese%2F101%2Finorganic%2Ffaq%2Fdiscovery-of-carbon.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223164208/https://caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml">"History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky"</a>. Caer.uky.edu. 23 Şubat 2009 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 12 Eylül 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Carbon+and+Carbon+Materials+-+Center+for+Applied+Energy+Research+-+University+of+Kentucky&amp;rft.pub=Caer.uky.edu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaer.uky.edu%2Fcarbon%2Fhistory%2Fcarbonhistory.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O'Brien, R. F. Curl ve R. E. Smalley (1985). "C<sup>60</sup>: Buckminsterfullerene". <i>Nature</i>. Cilt&#160;318. s.&#160;162-163. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/318162a0">10.1038/318162a0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=C%3Csup%3E60%3C%2Fsup%3E%3A+Buckminsterfullerene&amp;rft.pages=162-163&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F318162a0&amp;rft.au=H.+W.+Kroto%2C+J.+R.+Heath%2C+S.+C.+O%27Brien%2C+R.+F.+Curl+ve++R.+E.+Smalley&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_Birden_fazla_ad:_yazar_listesi" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nanotubes-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-nanotubes_14-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak kitap">Ebbesen, TW, (Ed.) (1997). <i>Carbon nanotubes—preparation and properties</i>. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon+nanotubes%E2%80%94preparation+and+properties&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nanotubes2-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-nanotubes2_15-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">MS Dresselhaus, G Dresselhaus, Ph Avouris, (Ed.) (2001). "Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structures, properties and applications". <i>Topics in Applied Physics</i>. Cilt&#160;80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon+nanotubes%3A+synthesis%2C+structures%2C+properties+and+applications&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: editör listesi (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:KB1_bak%C4%B1m:_Birden_fazla_ad:_edit%C3%B6r_listesi" title="Kategori:KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: editör listesi">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nanobuds-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-nanobuds_16-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak dergi">Nasibulin, Albert G. (2007). "A novel hybrid carbon material". <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Cilt&#160;2. s.&#160;156–161. <a href="/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_nesne_tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Sayısal nesne tanımlayıcısı">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.37">10.1038/nnano.2007.37</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+novel+hybrid+carbon+material&amp;rft.pages=156-161&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnnano.2007.37&amp;rft.aulast=Nasibulin&amp;rft.aufirst=Albert+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AKarbon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009223436/http://www.bilim.kuark.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=166&amp;Itemid=1">Karbonun Nanoteknolojideki Yeri - KBT Bilim Sitesi</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="İnorganik_karbon_bileşikleri_ve_ilişkili_iyonlar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output 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title="Tetraflorometan">CF<sub>4</sub></a>&#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Karbon_tetraiyod%C3%BCr" title="Karbon tetraiyodür">CI<sub>4</sub></a>&#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Karbonmonoksit" title="Karbonmonoksit">CO</a>&#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Karbondioksit" title="Karbondioksit">CO<sub>2</sub></a>&#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon_trioksit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbon trioksit (sayfa mevcut değil)">CO<sub>3</sub></a>&#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon_monos%C3%BClf%C3%BCr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbon monosülfür (sayfa mevcut değil)">CS</a>&#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dis%C3%BClf%C3%BCr" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon disülfür">CS<sub>2</sub></a>&#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon_diselen%C3%BCr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbon diselenür (sayfa mevcut değil)">CSe<sub>2</sub></a>&#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon_suboksit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbon suboksit (sayfa mevcut değil)">C<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a> &#160;•</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Silisyum_karb%C3%BCr" title="Silisyum karbür">SiC</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">İyonlar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karb%C3%BCr" title="Karbür">Karbürler</a> [:C≡C:]<sup>2−</sup>, [::C::]<sup>4−</sup>, [:C=C=C:]<sup>4−</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyan%C3%BCr" title="Siyanür">Siyanür</a> [:C≡N:]<sup>−</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siyanat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siyanat (sayfa mevcut değil)">Siyanat</a> [:O−C≡N:]<sup>−</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiyosiyanat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiyosiyanat (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tiyosiyanat</a> [:S−C≡N:]<sup>−</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fulminat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fulminat (sayfa mevcut değil)">Fulminat</a> [:C≡N−O:]<sup>−</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oksitler ve diğerleri</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksokarbon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksokarbon (sayfa mevcut değil)">Oksitler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbon_nitr%C3%BCr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" 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