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}); </script> </div> <div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053" class="publirAds"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053") { googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053"); } }); }); </script> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-offset-0 col-md-12" role="main"> <div class="mw-body" id="content"> <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;" ></div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading page-header" lang="en"><span dir="auto"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors in the 2024 elections</span></span></h1>  <div id="bodyContent"> <div id="siteSub">From Ballotpedia</div> <div id="contentSub" ></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="infobox" style="text-align: center; width:250px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div style="float:left; margin-top: 0.0em; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px lightgray; margin-bottom:3px; background-color: white; padding: 0.25em 0.5em 0.25em 0.5em; font-size: 110%; border:0px;"><span style="font-size: larger;font-weight: bold;">«</span> <b><a href="/Veto-proof_state_legislatures_and_opposing_party_governors_in_the_2022_elections" title="Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors in the 2022 elections">2022</a></b> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024"><img alt="Ballotpedia Election Coverage Badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/92/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png/125px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/92/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png/188px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/92/Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png/250px-Ballotpedia_Election_Coverage_Badge.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="792" /></a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Election_Analysis_Hub,_2024" title="Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024">Election Analysis Hub, 2024</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#2d4299; color:#ee971e">Election analysis </th></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._14,_2024" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 14, 2024">Competitiveness report</a><br /><a href="/Margin_of_victory_analysis_for_the_2024_state_legislative_elections" title="Margin of victory analysis for the 2024 state legislative elections">Margin of victory analysis</a><br /><a href="/Impact_of_term_limits_on_state_legislative_elections_in_2024" title="Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2024">Impact of term limits</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#2d4299; color:#ee971e">Elections coverage </th></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/Election_results,_2024" title="Election results, 2024">Election results, 2024</a><br /><a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">State government trifectas</a><br /><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">State legislatures</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>August 2024</b></i> </p><p>State governors may veto bills advanced by the state legislature. With sufficient support—between one-half and two-thirds of sitting legislators, depending on the state—state legislatures may overturn a gubernatorial veto. When one party controls enough seats to overturn a veto without any support from the other party, a legislature can be said to hold a <a href="/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">veto-proof majority</a>. </p><p>Heading into the <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">2024 elections</a>, there were <b>four states</b> with a governor of one party and a veto-proof state legislative majority of the opposing party: <b>Kansas</b>, <b>Kentucky</b>, <b>North Carolina</b>, and <b>Vermont</b>. All four states held elections in both legislative chambers in 2024, meaning their veto-proof supermajority status could have changed as a result of the election. </p><p>There were <b>two states</b>—<b>Nevada</b> and <b>Wisconsin</b>—that could have switched to having a veto-proof majority and an opposing party governor as a result of the 2024 elections. They were considered <i>potential supermajorities</i>. To read about our methodology, <a href="#States_that_have_the_potential_to_form_a_veto-proof_legislative_majority_and_an_opposing_governor_in_the_2024_elections"><b>click here</b></a>. </p><p>Veto-proof supermajorities can override an opposing party governor's attempt to prevent their passed bills from becoming law. For recent examples where a veto-proof supermajority overrode an opposing party governor's veto, <a href="#Case_studies"><b>click here</b></a>. </p><p>On this page, you will find: </p> <ul><li><a href="#States_with_a_veto-proof_legislative_majority_and_opposing_party_governor_before_the_2024_elections">States with veto-proof legislative majorities and opposing governors</a> <ul><li><a href="#Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="#Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="#North_Carolina">North Carolina</a>, and <a href="#Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="#States_that_have_the_potential_to_form_a_veto-proof_legislative_majority_and_an_opposing_governor_in_the_2024_elections">States that could gain a veto-proof legislative majority and an opposing governor in 2024</a> <ul><li><a href="#Nevada">Nevada</a> and <a href="#Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="#Background">Background on veto override procedures used in the 50 states</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="#Case_studies">Three case studies of recent conflict arising from a veto-proof majority and opposing party governor</a></li></ul> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Pre-election_analysis"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-election analysis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#States_with_a_veto-proof_legislative_majority_and_opposing_party_governor_before_the_2024_elections"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">States with a veto-proof legislative majority and opposing party governor before the 2024 elections</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Kansas"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Kansas</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Current_partisan_balance"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Current partisan balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Kentucky"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Kentucky</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Current_partisan_balance_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Current partisan balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#North_Carolina"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">North Carolina</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Current_partisan_balance_3"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Current partisan balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_3"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_3"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Vermont"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Vermont</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Current_partisan_balance_4"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Current partisan balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_4"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_4"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#States_that_have_the_potential_to_form_a_veto-proof_legislative_majority_and_an_opposing_governor_in_the_2024_elections"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">States that have the potential to form a veto-proof legislative majority and an opposing governor in the 2024 elections</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Nevada"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Nevada</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Current_partisan_balance_5"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Current partisan balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_5"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_5"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Wisconsin"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Wisconsin</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Current_partisan_balance_6"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Current partisan balance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_6"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_6"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#States_with_veto-proof_majorities"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">States with veto-proof majorities</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Veto_overrides"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Veto overrides</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Case_studies"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Case studies</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Case_study:_Kansas"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Case study: Kansas</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_"abortion_reasons""><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Veto on a bill regarding "abortion reasons"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_an_adoption_savings_account_and_tax_credits"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Veto on a bill regarding an adoption savings account and tax credits</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Case_study:_Kentucky"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Case study: Kentucky</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Veto_of_bill_that_removes_the_governor's_authority_to_fill_U.S._Senate_vacancies"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Veto of bill that removes the governor's authority to fill U.S. Senate vacancies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Veto_of_bill_regarding_ranked-choice_voting"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Veto of bill regarding ranked-choice voting</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Case_study:_Vermont"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Case study: Vermont</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_restorative_justice"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Veto on a bill regarding restorative justice</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_the_state's_property_tax_yields"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Veto on a bill regarding the state's property tax yields</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#2022_analysis"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">2022 analysis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Pre-election_analysis">Pre-election analysis</span></h2> <p><iframe title="Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors before the 2024 elections" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-f0uSq" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/f0uSq/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="600" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><p><iframe title="Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors before the 2024 elections" aria-label="Table" id="datawrapper-chart-retLA" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/retLA/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="414" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="States_with_a_veto-proof_legislative_majority_and_opposing_party_governor_before_the_2024_elections">States with a veto-proof legislative majority and opposing party governor before the 2024 elections</span></h2> <p>Below is a summary of the partisan balance and each party's electoral opportunities in those states with a veto-proof state legislative majority and a governor of the opposite party heading into the 2024 elections. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Kansas">Kansas</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_partisan_balance">Current partisan balance</span></h4> <p>Heading into the 2024 elections, the <a href="/Governor_of_Kansas" title="Governor of Kansas">governor</a> of <a href="/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> was <a href="/Laura_Kelly_(Kansas)" title="Laura Kelly (Kansas)">Laura Kelly</a> (D), who is not up for re-election until 2026. In Kansas, two-thirds of the <a href="/Kansas_State_Legislature" title="Kansas State Legislature">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> held more than two-thirds of the seats in both chambers of the legislature, with an <b>85-40</b> majority in the <a href="/Kansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Kansas House of Representatives">Kansas House of Representatives</a> and a <b>29-11</b> majority in the <a href="/Kansas_State_Senate" title="Kansas State Senate">Kansas State Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-disclaimer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disclaimer-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:45%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">Governor </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State Senate </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State House </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Laura_Kelly_(Kansas)" title="Laura Kelly (Kansas)">Laura Kelly</a> </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Republican supermajority </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Republican supermajority </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>In 2024, the <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> had the opportunity to break the Republican supermajority in the legislature. In order to do so, the <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> needed to gain <b>at least three seats</b> in the state Senate or <b>at least two seats</b> in the state House, either of which would have broken the supermajority. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>In 2024, the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> was defending its legislative supermajority; it needed to lose <b>fewer than two</b> seats in the state House and <b>fewer than three</b> seats in the state Senate in order to maintain its supermajority. <br /><br /> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Kansas State Senate" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-i66TD" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/i66TD/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Kansas House of Representatives" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-8TYZK" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/8TYZK/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Kentucky">Kentucky</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_partisan_balance_2">Current partisan balance</span></h4> <p>Heading into the 2024 elections, the <a href="/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">governor</a> of <a href="/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> was <a href="/Andy_Beshear" title="Andy Beshear">Andy Beshear</a> (D), who is not up for re-election until 2027. In Kentucky, a simple majority of the <a href="/Kentucky_General_Assembly" title="Kentucky General Assembly">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> held a majority in both chambers of the legislature, with an <b>80-20</b> majority in the <a href="/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">Kentucky House of Representatives</a> and a <b>31-7</b> majority in the <a href="/Kentucky_State_Senate" title="Kentucky State Senate">Kentucky State Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-disclaimer_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disclaimer-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:45%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">Governor </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State Senate </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State House </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Andy_Beshear" title="Andy Beshear">Andy Beshear</a> </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Republican supermajority </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Republican supermajority </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_2">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>In 2024, the <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> had the opportunity to break the Republican supermajority in the legislature. In order to do so, the <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> needed to gain <b>at least 30 seats</b> in the state House or <b>at least 12 seats</b> in the state Senate, either of which would have broken the Republican supermajority. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_2">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>The Republican Party was defending its legislative supermajority; it needed to lose <b>fewer than 30</b> seats in the state House and <b>fewer than 12</b> seats in the state Senate in order to maintain its supermajority. <br /><br /> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Kentucky State Senate" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-9Dmh6" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9Dmh6/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Kentucky House of Representatives" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-1YVWH" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1YVWH/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="North_Carolina">North Carolina</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_partisan_balance_3">Current partisan balance</span></h4> <p>Heading into the 2024 elections, the <a href="/Governor_of_North_Carolina" title="Governor of North Carolina">governor</a> of <a href="/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> was <a href="/Roy_Cooper" title="Roy Cooper">Roy Cooper</a> (D), who was not able to file for re-election due to term limits. In North Carolina, three-fifths of the <a href="/North_Carolina_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina State Legislature">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> held exactly three-fifths of the seats in both chambers, with its <b>72-48</b> majority in the <a href="/North_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="North Carolina House of Representatives">North Carolina House of Representatives</a> and its <b>30-20</b> majority in the <a href="/North_Carolina_State_Senate" title="North Carolina State Senate">North Carolina State Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-disclaimer_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disclaimer-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:45%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">Governor </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State Senate </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State House </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Roy_Cooper" title="Roy Cooper">Roy Cooper</a> </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Republican supermajority </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Republican supermajority </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_3">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>North Carolina held a <a href="/North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election,_2024" title="North Carolina gubernatorial election, 2024">gubernatorial election</a> in 2024, meaning that the <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> had an opportunity to <b>defend the governorship</b>. Additionally, the Democratic Party could have broken the Republican supermajority in the legislature by gaining <b>at least one seat</b> in either the state Senate or the state House. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_3">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>In 2024, the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> had an opportunity to <b>take the governorship</b>, creating a Republican <a href="/Trifecta" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifecta">trifecta</a>. They were also defending a legislative supermajority. In order to do so, the Republicans needed to lose <b>no seats</b> in the state Senate or the state House. <br /><br /> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="North Carolina State Senate" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-nsGXh" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/nsGXh/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="North Carolina House of Representatives" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-o7sqE" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/o7sqE/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vermont">Vermont</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_partisan_balance_4">Current partisan balance</span></h4> <p>Heading into the 2024 elections, the <a href="/Governor_of_Vermont" title="Governor of Vermont">governor</a> of <a href="/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> was <a href="/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">Phil Scott</a> (R), who ran for re-election. In Vermont, two-thirds of the <a href="/Vermont_State_Legislature" title="Vermont State Legislature">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> held more than two-thirds of the seats in both chambers of the legislature, with a <b>105-37</b> majority in the <a href="/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a> and a <b>21-7</b> majority in the <a href="/Vermont_State_Senate" title="Vermont State Senate">Vermont State Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-disclaimer_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disclaimer-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:45%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">Governor </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State Senate </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State House </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">Phil Scott</a> </td> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Democratic supermajority </td> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Democratic supermajority </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_4">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>Vermont held a <a href="/Vermont_gubernatorial_election,_2024" title="Vermont gubernatorial election, 2024">gubernatorial election</a> in 2024, meaning that the <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> had an opportunity to <b>take the governorship</b>, creating a Democratic <a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">trifecta</a>. The Democratic Party was also defending its legislative supermajority; it needed to lose <b>fewer than 6 seats</b> in the state House and <b>fewer than 2 seats</b> in the state Senate in order to maintain its supermajority. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_4">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>In 2024, the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> had the opportunity to break the Democratic supermajority in the legislature. In order to do so, the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> needed to gain <b>at least 6 seats</b> in the state House or <b>at least 2 seats</b> in the state Senate, either of which would have broken the Democratic supermajority. The Republican Party was also defending its control of the governorship in the <a href="/Vermont_gubernatorial_election,_2024" title="Vermont gubernatorial election, 2024">2024 election</a>. </p><p><br /><br /> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Vermont State Senate" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-TOz5s" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/TOz5s/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Vermont House of Representatives" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-lwwME" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lwwME/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="States_that_have_the_potential_to_form_a_veto-proof_legislative_majority_and_an_opposing_governor_in_the_2024_elections">States that have the potential to form a veto-proof legislative majority and an opposing governor in the 2024 elections</span></h2> <p>For the purposes of this analysis, we consider a state to have a <i>potential supermajority</i> if the number of seats across both chambers of the legislature that would need to be picked up by the majority party in order to gain a supermajority is less than or equal to 10 percent of the total seats in the legislature <i>and</i> the governorship is controlled by the opposing party. </p><p>Heading into the 2024 elections, 10 states were under a divided government. Four of those 10 states—Kansas, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Vermont— had a veto-proof majority in the legislature and a governor of the opposing party. The table below evaluated the 2024 supermajority potential of the remaining six divided governments. </p><p><iframe title="Potential veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors in 2024" aria-label="Table" id="datawrapper-chart-NDCZi" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/NDCZi/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="418" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><p>The following <b>two states</b> each had a potential supermajority and a governor of the opposing party heading into the 2024 elections: </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Nevada">Nevada</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_partisan_balance_5">Current partisan balance</span></h4> <p>Heading into the 2024 elections, the <a href="/Governor_of_Nevada" title="Governor of Nevada">governor</a> of <a href="/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> was <a href="/Joe_Lombardo" title="Joe Lombardo">Joe Lombardo</a> (R). In Nevada, two-thirds of the <a href="/Nevada_State_Legislature" title="Nevada State Legislature">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> held majorities in both chambers of the legislature that were below the threshold for a veto-proof majority. Democrats have a <b>26-14</b> majority in the <a href="/Nevada_State_Assembly" title="Nevada State Assembly">Nevada State Assembly</a> (a two-thirds majority would require 28 seats) and a <b>13-7</b> majority in the <a href="/Nevada_State_Senate" title="Nevada State Senate">Nevada State Senate</a> (a two-thirds majority would require 14 seats).<sup id="cite_ref-disclaimer_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disclaimer-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:45%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">Governor </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State Senate </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State Assembly </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Joe_Lombardo" title="Joe Lombardo">Joe Lombardo</a> </td> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Democratic majority </td> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Democratic majority </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_5">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>In 2024, the <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> had the opportunity to establish a supermajority in the legislature. In order to do so, the <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> needed to gain <b>at least two seats</b> in the state Assembly and <b>at least 1 seat</b> in the state Senate. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_5">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>Because Nevada does not hold gubernatorial elections in presidential election years, the Republican Party will not defend the governorship until 2026. In 2024, the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> needed to lose <b>fewer than two seats</b> in the state Assembly or <b>lose no seats</b> in the state Senate to prevent a Democratic supermajority. <br /><br /> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Nevada State Senate" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-i0TKC" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/i0TKC/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Nevada State Assembly" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-stTZU" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/stTZU/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_partisan_balance_6">Current partisan balance</span></h4> <p>Heading into the 2024 elections, the <a href="/Governor_of_Wisconsin" title="Governor of Wisconsin">governor</a> of <a href="/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> was <a href="/Tony_Evers" title="Tony Evers">Tony Evers</a> (D). In Wisconsin, two-thirds of the <a href="/Wisconsin_State_Legislature" title="Wisconsin State Legislature">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto. The <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> reached the two-thirds threshold in the <a href="/Wisconsin_State_Senate" title="Wisconsin State Senate">Wisconsin State Senate</a> with its <b>22-10</b> majority but was short of this threshold in the <a href="/Wisconsin_State_Assembly" title="Wisconsin State Assembly">Wisconsin State Assembly</a> with its <b>64-35</b> majority. Republicans would need to control 66 Assembly seats to reach the two-thirds threshold.<sup id="cite_ref-disclaimer_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disclaimer-1">[1]</a></sup> </p> <table class="bptable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:45%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">Governor </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State Senate </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; color: black;">State Assembly </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party"><img alt="Democratic Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/d/d4/Electiondot.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/Tony_Evers" title="Tony Evers">Tony Evers</a> </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Republican supermajority </td> <td><a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party"><img alt="Republican Party" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fd/Ends.png" width="18" height="18" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a> Republican majority </td></tr></tbody></table> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Democratic_Party_in_2024_6">Opportunities for the Democratic Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>The <a href="/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> had an opportunity to prevent the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> from gaining a legislative supermajority. In order to do so, the Democrats must lose <b>fewer than two seats</b> in the state Assembly or gain <b>at least one seat</b> in the state Senate. Reaching either target would prevent the Republican Party from gaining a legislative supermajority. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Opportunities_for_the_Republican_Party_in_2024_6">Opportunities for the Republican Party in 2024</span></h4> <p>Because Wisconsin does not hold gubernatorial elections in presidential election years, the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> will not have an opportunity to take the governorship until 2026. In 2024, the <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> had an opportunity to <b>gain a legislative supermajority</b>. In order to do so, the Republicans must gain <b>at least two seats</b> in the state Assembly and lose <b>no seats</b> in the state Senate. <br /><br /> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Wisconsin State Senate" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-mT0MU" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/mT0MU/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p><iframe title="Wisconsin State Assembly" aria-label="Election Donut" id="datawrapper-chart-kXutV" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/kXutV/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h2> <h5><span class="mw-headline" id="States_with_veto-proof_majorities">States with veto-proof majorities</span></h5> <p><iframe title="State legislatures with veto-proof majorities following the 2023 elections " aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-TqjPR" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/TqjPR/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 60% !important; border: none;" height="574" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Veto_overrides">Veto overrides</span></h3> <p>All 50 states give their legislatures the ability to override gubernatorial vetoes. The authority for the override power is always included in a state's constitution, which also specifies how many legislators are needed to override a veto. </p> <ul><li>36 states require a two-thirds vote from both chambers of the legislature.</li> <li>Seven states require a three-fifths vote from both chambers of the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></li> <li>Six states require a majority vote from both chambers of the legislature.</li> <li>Alaska requires a two-thirds vote in a joint meeting of its legislative chambers.</li></ul> <p>Ballotpedia has identified six states with rules that change the veto override threshold depending on the type of bill being considered: Alaska, Arizona, Illinois, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. Bills that are subject to special rules are appropriations bills, tax bills, and emergency bills. </p><p>Depending on the state, the vote threshold required for a veto override applies to either all members elected to a chamber or to all members present in the chamber. For example, Alabama requires a majority of all elected members to override a veto, so 53 of 105 votes are needed in the state House and 18 votes of 35 votes are needed in the state Senate. Idaho, on the other hand, requires two-thirds of all members present. So, if only 30 of the state Senate's 35 members are present, the threshold to override a veto in that chamber would be 20 votes rather than the 24 that would be required if all elected members were present. </p><p><iframe title="Votes required for veto overrides in state legislatures as of the 2024 elections" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-1ZLVk" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1ZLVk/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="495" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><p>Click <b>[show]</b> to see a state-by-state breakdown of the rules for veto overrides. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="background:none; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background-color:#334aab; color:#f0a236;"><i>Veto overrides in state legislatures</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#00AF8C; color: white;">State </th> <th style="background-color:#00AF8C; color: white;">Votes required </th> <th style="background-color:#00AF8C; color: white;">Special rules </th> <th style="background-color:#00AF8C; color: white;">Constitutional authority </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Alabama_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama Legislature">Alabama</a></td> <td>Majority Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_V,_Alabama_Constitution#Section_125" title="Article V, Alabama Constitution">Article V, Section 125</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Alaska_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Legislature">Alaska</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></td> <td>A 3/4 vote is required to overturn vetoes of appropriation or revenue bills.</td> <td><a href="/Article_II,_Alaska_Constitution#Section_16" title="Article II, Alaska Constitution">Article II, Section 16</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Arizona_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Legislature">Arizona</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>A 3/4 vote is required to overturn vetoes of emergency bills.</td> <td><a href="/Article_5,_Arizona_Constitution#Section_7" title="Article 5, Arizona Constitution">Article 5, Section 7</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Arkansas_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkansas Legislature">Arkansas</a></td> <td>Majority Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_6,_Arkansas_Constitution#Section_15" title="Article 6, Arkansas Constitution">Article 6, Section 15</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/California_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="California Legislature">California</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>The Legislature has 60 days to override a veto.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_California_Constitution#Section_10" title="Article IV, California Constitution">Article IV, Section 10</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Colorado_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Legislature">Colorado</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Colorado_Constitution#Section_11" title="Article IV, Colorado Constitution">Article IV, Section 11</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Connecticut_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut Legislature">Connecticut</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Connecticut_Constitution#Section_15" title="Article IV, Connecticut Constitution">Article IV, Section 15</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Delaware_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware Legislature">Delaware</a></td> <td>3/5 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Delaware_Constitution#Section_18" title="Article III, Delaware Constitution">Article III, Section 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Florida_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Legislature">Florida</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Florida_Constitution#Section_8" title="Article III, Florida Constitution">Article III, Section 8</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Georgia_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Legislature">Georgia</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Georgia_Constitution#Section_5" title="Article III, Georgia Constitution">Article III, Section 5, Paragraph XIII</a> and <a href="/Article_V,_Georgia_Constitution#Section_2:_Duties_and_Powers_of_Governor" title="Article V, Georgia Constitution">Article V, Section 2, Paragraph IV</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Hawaii_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Legislature">Hawaii</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Hawaii_Constitution#Section_17" title="Article III, Hawaii Constitution">Article III, Section 17</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Idaho_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho Legislature">Idaho</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Idaho_Constitution#Section_10" title="Article IV, Idaho Constitution">Article IV, Section 10</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Illinois_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Legislature">Illinois</a></td> <td>3/5 Elected</td> <td>A majority vote is <a href="/Article_IV,_Illinois_Constitution#Section_9" title="Article IV, Illinois Constitution">required</a> to restore provisions in appropriation bills that the governor reduces through <a href="/Line_item_veto_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Line item veto authority">line item vetoes</a>.</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Illinois_Constitution#Section_9" title="Article IV, Illinois Constitution">Article IV, Section 9</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Indiana_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Legislature">Indiana</a></td> <td>Majority Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_5,_Indiana_Constitution#Section_14" title="Article 5, Indiana Constitution">Article 5, Section 14</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Iowa_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Legislature">Iowa</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Iowa_Constitution#Section_16" title="Article III, Iowa Constitution">Legislative Department, Section 16</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Kansas_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas Legislature">Kansas</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_2,_Kansas_Constitution#Section_14" title="Article 2, Kansas Constitution">Article 2, Section 14</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Kentucky_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Legislature">Kentucky</a></td> <td>Majority Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/The_Executive_Department,_Kentucky_Constitution" title="The Executive Department, Kentucky Constitution">The Executive Department, Section 88</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Louisiana_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Legislature">Louisiana</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Louisiana_Constitution#Section_18" title="Article III, Louisiana Constitution">Article III, Section 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Maine_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Maine Legislature">Maine</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV--Part_Third,_Maine_Constitution#Section_2" title="Article IV--Part Third, Maine Constitution">Article IV, Part Third, Section 2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Maryland_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Legislature">Maryland</a></td> <td>3/5 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_II,_Maryland_Constitution#Section_17" title="Article II, Maryland Constitution">Article II, Section 17</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Massachusetts_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Legislature">Massachusetts</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Chapter_1,_Massachusetts_Constitution#Section_1" title="Chapter 1, Massachusetts Constitution">Chapter 1, Article II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Michigan_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Legislature">Michigan</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Michigan_Constitution#Section_33" title="Article IV, Michigan Constitution">Article IV, Section 33</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Minnesota_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota Legislature">Minnesota</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Minnesota_Constitution#Section_23" title="Article IV, Minnesota Constitution">Article IV, Section 23</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Mississippi_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi Legislature">Mississippi</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Mississippi_Constitution#Section_72" title="Article IV, Mississippi Constitution">Article IV, Section 72</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Missouri_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Legislature">Missouri</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Missouri_Constitution#Section_32" title="Article III, Missouri Constitution">Article III, Section 32</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Montana_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana Legislature">Montana</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_VI,_Montana_Constitution#Section_10" title="Article VI, Montana Constitution">Article VI, Section 10</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Nebraska_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Legislature">Nebraska</a></td> <td>3/5 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Nebraska_Constitution#Section_15" title="Article IV, Nebraska Constitution">Article IV, Section 15</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Nevada_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada Legislature">Nevada</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_4,_Nevada_Constitution#Section_35" title="Article 4, Nevada Constitution">Article 4, Section 35</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/New_Hampshire_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Legislature">New Hampshire</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Executive_Power_-_Governor,_New_Hampshire_Constitution#Article_44" title="Executive Power - Governor, New Hampshire Constitution">Executive Power, Article 44</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/New_Jersey_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_V,_New_Jersey_Constitution#Section_1" title="Article V, New Jersey Constitution">Article V, Section 1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/New_Mexico_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico Legislature">New Mexico</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_New_Mexico_Constitution#Section_22" title="Article IV, New Mexico Constitution">Article IV, Section 22</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/New_York_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Legislature">New York</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_New_York_Constitution#Section_7" title="Article IV, New York Constitution">Article IV, Section 7</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/North_Carolina_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina Legislature">North Carolina</a></td> <td>3/5 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_II,_North_Carolina_Constitution#Section_22" title="Article II, North Carolina Constitution">Article II, Section 22</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/North_Dakota_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="North Dakota Legislature">North Dakota</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_V,_North_Dakota_Constitution#Section_9" title="Article V, North Dakota Constitution">Article V, Section 9</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Ohio_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Legislature">Ohio</a></td> <td>3/5 Elected</td> <td>A 2/3 vote is required to overturn vetoes of emergency bills.</td> <td><a href="/Article_II,_Ohio_Constitution#Section_16" title="Article II, Ohio Constitution">Article II, Section 16</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Oklahoma_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Legislature">Oklahoma</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>A 3/4 vote is required to overturn vetoes of emergency bills.</td> <td><a href="/Article_VI,_Oklahoma_Constitution#Section_11" title="Article VI, Oklahoma Constitution">Article VI, Section 11</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Oregon_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Legislature">Oregon</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_V,_Oregon_Constitution#Section_15b" title="Article V, Oregon Constitution">Article V, Section 15b</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Pennsylvania_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Legislature">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_Pennsylvania_Constitution#Section_15" title="Article IV, Pennsylvania Constitution">Article IV, Section 15</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Rhode_Island_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island Legislature">Rhode Island</a></td> <td>3/5 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IX,_Rhode_Island_Constitution#Section_14" title="Article IX, Rhode Island Constitution">Article IX, Section 14</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/South_Carolina_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina Legislature">South Carolina</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_South_Carolina_Constitution#Section_21" title="Article IV, South Carolina Constitution">Article IV, Section 21</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/South_Dakota_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="South Dakota Legislature">South Dakota</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_IV,_South_Dakota_Constitution#Section_4" title="Article IV, South Dakota Constitution">Article IV, Section 4</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Tennessee_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Legislature">Tennessee</a></td> <td>Majority Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Tennessee_Constitution#Section_18" title="Article III, Tennessee Constitution">Article III, Section 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Texas_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Legislature">Texas</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_4,_Texas_Constitution#Section_14" title="Article 4, Texas Constitution">Article 4, Section 14</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Utah_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah Legislature">Utah</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_VII,_Utah_Constitution#Section_8" title="Article VII, Utah Constitution">Article VII, Section 8</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Vermont_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Legislature">Vermont</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Legislative_Department,_Vermont_Constitution#Section_11" title="Legislative Department, Vermont Constitution">Legislative Department, Section 11</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Virginia_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Legislature">Virginia</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_V,_Virginia_Constitution#Section_6" title="Article V, Virginia Constitution">Article V, Section 6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Washington_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Legislature">Washington</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_III,_Washington_Constitution#Section_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Article III, Washington Constitution">Article III, Section 12</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/West_Virginia_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia Legislature">West Virginia</a></td> <td>Majority Elected</td> <td>A 2/3 vote is required to overturn vetoes of appropriation bills.</td> <td><a href="/Article_VII,_West_Virginia_Constitution#Section_14" title="Article VII, West Virginia Constitution">Article VII, Section 14</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Wisconsin_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Legislature">Wisconsin</a></td> <td>2/3 Present</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_V,_Wisconsin_Constitution#Section_10" title="Article V, Wisconsin Constitution">Article V, Section 10</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Wyoming_Legislature#Veto_overrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyoming Legislature">Wyoming</a></td> <td>2/3 Elected</td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/Article_4,_Wyoming_Constitution#Section_8" title="Article 4, Wyoming Constitution">Article 4, Section 8</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_studies">Case studies</span></h2> <p>This section summarizes examples of governing conflicts in recent years in states with a veto-proof legislative majority and an opposing party governor. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_study:_Kansas">Case study: Kansas</span></h3> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:127px;"><a href="/Laura_Kelly" title="Laura Kelly"><img alt="" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/51/Laura_Kelly.jpg/125px-Laura_Kelly.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="187" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/51/Laura_Kelly.jpg/188px-Laura_Kelly.jpg 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/5/51/Laura_Kelly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="302" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Laura_Kelly.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Kansas Gov. Laura Kelly (D)</div></div></div> <p>In the <a href="/Kansas_gubernatorial_and_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election,_2018" title="Kansas gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018">2018 election</a>, Gov. <a href="/Laura_Kelly" title="Laura Kelly">Laura Kelly</a> (D) defeated then-<a href="/Kansas_Secretary_of_State" title="Kansas Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/Kris_Kobach" title="Kris Kobach">Kris Kobach</a> (R) by a margin of 5 percentage points. She succeeded <a href="/Jeff_Colyer" title="Jeff Colyer">Jeff Colyer</a> (R), whom Kobach defeated in the Republican primary. <a href="/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republicans</a> have held partisan control of the <a href="/Kansas_State_Senate" title="Kansas State Senate">Kansas State Senate</a> since 1916 and the <a href="/Kansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Kansas House of Representatives">Kansas House of Representatives</a> since 1992. In Kansas, a two-thirds majority of the <a href="/Kansas_State_Legislature" title="Kansas State Legislature">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto. </p><p>The following are some recent examples where the legislature overrode Gov. Kelly's vetoes: <br /><br /> </p> <h4><span id="Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_.22abortion_reasons.22"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_"abortion_reasons"">Veto on a bill regarding "abortion reasons"</span></h4> <p>On April 29, 2024, lawmakers overrode Kelly's veto of <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2023_24/measures/hb2749/">House Bill 2749</a> which requires "medical care facilities and providers to report the reasons for each abortion performed at such facility or by such provider to the secretary of health and environment." <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>Proponents of the bill said the data would help improve service and keep the Kansas Department of Health and Environment up to date.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> The governor's veto statements said the bill interferes with medical privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>In the House, the override vote was 84-41, with two Republicans voting with Democrats and one Democrat voting with Republicans. In the Senate, the override vote was 27-10, with three not voting. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> <br /><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_an_adoption_savings_account_and_tax_credits">Veto on a bill regarding an adoption savings account and tax credits</span></h4> <p>On April 29, 2024, lawmakers overrode Kelly's veto of <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2023_24/measures/hb2465/">House Bill 2465</a> which allows individuals to establish adoption savings accounts with certain financial institutions, provides tax credits for contributions to organizations operating pregnancy centers or residential maternity facilities, and creates a sales tax exemption for purchases made by pregnancy centers or residential maternity facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> </p><p>Proponents of the bill said the resources would help make adoption more affordable and help pregnancy resource centers better stretch their finances.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> The governor's veto statement said the bill would send taxpayer dollars to entities that are not regulated and are not medical centers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> </p><p>In the House, the override vote was 85-40, with one Democrat voting with Republicans and one Republican voting with Democrats. In the Senate, the override vote was 29-7, with four not voting. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> <br /><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_study:_Kentucky">Case study: Kentucky</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:127px;"><a href="/Andy_Beshear" title="Andy Beshear"><img alt="" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/03/AndyBeshear.jpg/125px-AndyBeshear.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/03/AndyBeshear.jpg/188px-AndyBeshear.jpg 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/0/03/AndyBeshear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="202" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:AndyBeshear.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear (D)</div></div></div> <p>Kentucky voters elected <a href="/Andy_Beshear" title="Andy Beshear">Andy Beshear</a> governor in 2019. A simple majority of the <a href="/Kentucky_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky State Legislature">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto, and Republicans have held a majority during the entire time that Beshear has served as governor. </p><p>The following are some recent examples where the legislature overrode Gov. Beshear's vetoes: <br /><br /> </p> <h4><span id="Veto_of_bill_that_removes_the_governor.27s_authority_to_fill_U.S._Senate_vacancies"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Veto_of_bill_that_removes_the_governor's_authority_to_fill_U.S._Senate_vacancies">Veto of bill that removes the governor's authority to fill U.S. Senate vacancies</span></h4> <p>On April 12, 2024, lawmakers overrode Beshear's veto of <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24RS/hb622.html">House Bill 622</a>, which amends Kentucky law "to require the Governor to sign a proclamation for an election to fill a vacancy in the office of United States Senator" and "extend the term of the candidate who wins special election to the remainder of the term."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> The bill was effective immediately. Before the change, the governor had the authority to fill U.S. Senate vacancies via appointment. </p><p>Proponents of the bill said people should get to vote for their United States Senator.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> In his veto statement, Beshear said his administration deserved the same system of filling vacancies by appointment that had been in place since 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> </p><p>In the House, the override vote was 81-17, with two not voting. Two Democrats voted with Republicans, while one did not vote. In the Senate, the override vote was 29-5, with four not voting. Two Democrats voted with Republicans.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> <br /><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Veto_of_bill_regarding_ranked-choice_voting">Veto of bill regarding ranked-choice voting</span></h4> <p>On April 12, 2024, Kentucky lawmakers overrode Beshear's veto of <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24rs/hb44.html">House Bill 44</a>, which prohibits <a href="/Ranked-choice_voting_(RCV)" title="Ranked-choice voting (RCV)">ranked-choice voting</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> In his veto message, Gov. Beshear did not mention the bill's impact on ranked-choice voting, instead focusing on the new requirement for the Cabinet for Health and Family Services to annually supply “lifetime Kentucky death records” to the state board of elections. </p><p>The bills primary sponsor said the bill was necessary to clean up voter rolls.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> Beshear said in his veto statement that the lifetime death records requested cannot be supplied and that existing records are sufficient.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> </p><p>In the Senate, the override vote was 24-8, with six not voting and one Republican voting with Democrats. In the House, the override vote was 79-20, with one Republican voting with Democrats, one Democrat voting with Republicans, and one not voting. <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> <br /><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_study:_Vermont">Case study: Vermont</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:127px;"><a href="/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phil_Scott.jpg/125px-Phil_Scott.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="157" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phil_Scott.jpg/188px-Phil_Scott.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Phil_Scott.jpg/250px-Phil_Scott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="828" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Phil_Scott.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Vermont Gov. Phil Scott (R)</div></div></div> <p>Vermont voters elected <a href="/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">Phil Scott</a> governor in 2016. A two-thirds supermajority of the <a href="/Vermont_State_Legislature" title="Vermont State Legislature">state legislature</a> is required to override a gubernatorial veto, and Democrats have held a majority during the entire time that Scott has served as governor. </p><p>The following are some recent examples where the legislature overrode Gov. Scott's vetoes: <br /><br /> </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_restorative_justice">Veto on a bill regarding restorative justice</span></h4> <p>On June 17, 2024, lawmakers overrode Scott's veto of <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.645">House Bill 645</a> that expands "approaches to restorative justice." <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> </p><p>Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives <a href="/Jill_Krowinski" title="Jill Krowinski">Jill Krowinski</a> (D) said the bill was "critical in making sure Vermonters have timely access to justice..."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> Scott's veto statement said the bill is not funded.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> </p><p>In the House, the override vote was 110-35, with one Republican joining the majority and five not voting. In the Senate, the override vote was 21-8, with one Democrat joining Republicans. <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> <br /><br /> </p> <h4><span id="Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_the_state.27s_property_tax_yields"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Veto_on_a_bill_regarding_the_state's_property_tax_yields">Veto on a bill regarding the state's property tax yields</span></h4> <p>On June 17, 2024, lawmakers overrode Scott's veto of <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.887">House Bill 887</a> which increases the average property tax rate to fund Vermont's public education system. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> </p><p>The Senate President Pro Tem <a href="/Philip_Baruth" title="Philip Baruth">Philip Baruth</a> said raising property taxes could not be avoided.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> Scott's veto statement said that people would not be able to afford another property tax increase amid other rising costs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> </p><p>In the House, the override vote was 103-42, with five not voting and four Democrats joining Republicans. In the Senate, the override vote was 22-7 along party lines. <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="2022_analysis">2022 analysis</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Veto-proof_state_legislatures_and_opposing_party_governors_in_the_2022_elections" title="Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors in the 2022 elections">Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors in the 2022 elections</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Two of four states heading into the 2022 elections that had a veto-proof legislative majority and governor of the opposing party—Kentucky and Kansas—maintained that status after the elections. The other two states—Maryland and Massachusetts—did not maintain that status since the party that held veto-proof legislative majorities also gained control of the governor's office in the 2022 elections. Vermont became a state with a veto-proof legislative majority and opposing-party governor as a result of the 2022 elections. </p><p>To read more from the 2022 analysis, <a href="/Veto-proof_state_legislatures_and_opposing_party_governors_in_the_2022_elections" title="Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors in the 2022 elections"><b>click here</b></a>. </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">State government trifectas</a></li> <li><a href="/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">Supermajority</a></li> <li><a href="/Veto_overrides_in_state_legislatures" title="Veto overrides in state legislatures">Veto overrides in state legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/Gubernatorial_elections,_2024" title="Gubernatorial elections, 2024">Gubernatorial elections, 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">State legislative elections, 2024</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-disclaimer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-disclaimer_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-disclaimer_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-disclaimer_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-disclaimer_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-disclaimer_1-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-disclaimer_1-5">1.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>This analysis does not take currently vacant seats or seats held by a minor party or independent legislator into account. It also does not account for situations where members of one party caucus with the other party.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Even though Nebraska has a unicameral state legislature, it is included in this figure.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alaska requires a two-thirds vote in a joint meeting of its two legislative chambers, which is 40 of 60 legislators.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://capitolmuseum.ca.gov/legislation/life-cycle-of-a-bill"><i>California State Capitol Museum</i>, "Life Cycle of a Bill," accessed July 21, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2023_24/measures/hb2749/"><i>Kansas State Legislature</i>, "House Bill 2749," accessed June 17, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://kansasreflector.com/2024/04/29/with-veto-override-attempt-underway-kansas-abortion-rights-supporters-sound-alarm/"><i>Kansas Reflector", "Kansas Legislature overrides governor on abortion survey bill, abortion coercion legislation, " April 29, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://governor.kansas.gov/governor-kelly-vetoes-bills-allows-one-to-become-law-without-signature/"><i>Kansas Office of the Governor</i>, "Governor Kelly Vetoes Bills, Allows One to Become Law Without Signature," April 12, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2023_24/measures/hb2749/"><i>Kansas State Legislature</i>, "House Bill 2749," accessed June 17, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2023_24/measures/2465/"><i>Kansas State Legislature</i>, "House Bill 2465," accessed June 17, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ksnt.com/capitol-bureau/kansas-house-overrides-multiple-veto-decisions/"><i>KSNT", "Kansas House overrides multiple veto decisions, " April 29, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://governor.kansas.gov/governor-kelly-vetoes-bills-allows-two-to-become-law-without-signature/"><i>Kansas Office of the Governor</i>, "Governor Kelly Vetoes Bills, Allows Two to Become Law Without Signature," April 19, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2023_24/measures/2465/"><i>Kansas State Legislature</i>, "House Bill 2465," accessed June 17, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24RS/hb622.html"><i>Kentucky General Assembly</i>, "House Bill 622," accessed April 16, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.kentucky.com/news/politics-government/article285754506.html"><i>Lexington Herald Leader</i>, "KY House GOP leader: Governor shouldn’t appoint US Senate vacancies," February 21, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24RS/hb622/veto.pdf"><i>Commonwealth of Kentucky Office of the Governor</i>, "Veto Message from the Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky Regarding House Bill 622 of the 2024 Regular Session," April 9, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24rs/hb622/vote_history.pdf"><i>Commonwealth of Kentucky House of Representatives 2024 Regular Session</i>, "Vote History," accessed April 16, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24RS/hb44.html"><i>Kentucky General Assembly</i>, "House Bill 44," accessed June 17, 2024</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Hodgson4KY/status/1776347626473975830'">"X", "John Hodgson's tweet on April 5, 2024," accessed June 17, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Hodgson4KY/status/1776347626473975830"><i>Commonwealth of Kentucky Office of the Governor</i>, "Veto Message from the Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky Regarding House Bill 44 of the 2024 Regular Session," accessed June 17, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24rs/hb44/vote_history.pdf"><i>Commonwealth of Kentucky House of Representatives 2024 Regular Session</i>, "Vote History," accessed June 17, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.645"><i>Vermont General Assembly, "House Bill 645," accessed June 24, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://vermontbiz.com/news/2024/june/17/lawmakers-override-scotts-veto-property-tax-yield-bill"><i>Vermont Biz," "Lawmakers override Scott's veto of property tax 'yield bill'" June 17, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://governor.vermont.gov/sites/scott/files/documents/H.645%20-%20Veto%20Letter%20%281%29.pdf"><i>Office of Governor Phil Scott," "H.645 Veto Letter," June 4, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.645"><i>Vermont General Assembly, "House Bill 645," accessed June 21, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.887"><i>Vermont General Assembly, "House Bill 887," accessed June 20, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://vtdigger.org/2024/06/17/lawmakers-override-gov-phil-scotts-veto-of-annual-property-tax-legislation/"><i>Vermont Digger," "Lawmakers override Gov. Phil Scott’s veto of annual property tax legislation," June 17, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://governor.vermont.gov/sites/scott/files/documents/H.887%20-%20Veto%20Letter.pdf"><i> Office of Governor Phil Scott," June 6, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.887"><i>Vermont General Assembly, "House Bill 887," accessed June 20, 2024</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Analysis_HNT_2024" title="Template:Analysis HNT 2024"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Analysis_HNT_2024&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Election_Analysis_Hub,_2024" title="Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024">2024 Election Analysis</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>General Analysis</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Mid-Year_Recall_Report_(2024)" title="Ballotpedia's Mid-Year Recall Report (2024)">Ballotpedia's Mid-Year Recall Report (2024)</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_2024_Recall_Analysis" title="Ballotpedia's 2024 Recall Analysis">Ballotpedia's 2024 Recall Analysis</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Top_15_Elections_to_Watch,_2024" title="Ballotpedia's Top 15 Elections to Watch, 2024">Ballotpedia's Top 15 Elections to Watch, 2024</a> • <a href="/Candidates_with_the_same_last_names,_2024" title="Candidates with the same last names, 2024">Candidates with the same last names, 2024</a> • <a href="/Rematches_in_2024_general_elections" title="Rematches in 2024 general elections">Rematches in 2024 general elections</a> • Third-party candidates who won more than the margin of victory • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Results_of_elected_officials_seeking_other_offices" title="Election results, 2024: Results of elected officials seeking other offices">Results of elected officials seeking other offices</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Incumbent_win_rates_by_state" title="Election results, 2024: Incumbent win rates by state">Incumbent win rates by state</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Uncontested_races_by_state" title="Election results, 2024: Uncontested races by state">Uncontested races by state</a> • <a href="/Candidates_with_the_same_last_names,_2024" title="Candidates with the same last names, 2024">Candidates with the same last names, 2024</a> • <a href="/Analysis_of_uncontested_elections,_2024" title="Analysis of uncontested elections, 2024">Analysis of uncontested elections, 2024</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia_election_previews,_2024" title="Ballotpedia election previews, 2024">Ballotpedia election previews, 2024</a> • <a href="/Races_decided_by_10_votes_or_fewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Races decided by 10 votes or fewer">Races decided by 10 votes or fewer</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Analysis_of_voter_turnout_in_the_2024_general_election" title="Election results, 2024: Analysis of voter turnout in the 2024 general election">General election voter turnout</a> • <a href="/Incumbents_who_won_primaries_by_five_percentage_points_or_fewer_or_with_a_plurality,_2024" title="Incumbents who won primaries by five percentage points or fewer or with a plurality, 2024">Incumbents who won primaries by five percentage points or fewer or with a plurality, 2024</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Federal elections</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Annual_Congressional_Competitiveness_Report,_2024" title="Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2024">Congressional Competitiveness Report</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_New_members_elected_to_Congress" title="Election results, 2024: New members elected to Congress">New members elected to Congress</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Comparison_of_state_delegations_to_the_118th_and_119th_Congresses" title="Election results, 2024: Comparison of state delegations to the 118th and 119th Congresses">Comparison of state delegations to the 118th and 119th Congresses</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Congressional_elections_decided_by_10_percentage_points_or_fewer" title="Election results, 2024: Congressional elections decided by 10 percentage points or fewer">Congressional elections decided by 10 percentage points or fewer</a> • Third-party candidates who won more than the margin of victory • <a href="/List_of_U.S._Congress_incumbents_who_are_not_running_for_re-election_in_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Congress incumbents who are not running for re-election in 2024">Incumbents who did not run for re-election</a> • <a href="/U.S._House_elections_without_a_Democratic_or_Republican_candidate,_2024" title="U.S. House elections without a Democratic or Republican candidate, 2024">U.S. House elections without a Democratic or Republican candidate</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Results_of_elected_officials_seeking_other_offices" title="Election results, 2024: Results of elected officials seeking other offices">Results of elected officials seeking other offices</a> • <a href="/U.S._House_districts_represented_by_a_Democrat_in_2024_and_won_by_Donald_Trump_in_2020" title="U.S. House districts represented by a Democrat in 2024 and won by Donald Trump in 2020">U.S. House districts represented by a Democrat in 2024 and won by Donald Trump in 2020</a> • <a href="/U.S._House_districts_represented_by_a_Republican_in_2024_and_won_by_Joe_Biden_in_2020" title="U.S. House districts represented by a Republican in 2024 and won by Joe Biden in 2020">U.S. House districts represented by a Republican in 2024 and won by Joe Biden in 2020</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Wave_elections" title="Election results, 2024: Wave elections">Wave election analysis</a> • <a href="/Party_committee_fundraising,_2023-2024" title="Party committee fundraising, 2023-2024">Party committee fundraising</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>State legislatures</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Annual_State_Legislative_Competitiveness_Report:_Vol._14,_2024" title="Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 14, 2024">Competitiveness report</a> • <a href="/Impact_of_term_limits_on_state_legislative_elections_in_2024" title="Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2024">Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2024</a> • <a href="/Incumbents_defeated_in_state_legislative_elections,_2024" title="Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections, 2024">Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections, 2024</a> • <a href="/Contested_state_legislative_primaries,_2024" title="Contested state legislative primaries, 2024">Contested state legislative primaries, 2024</a> • Primary election competitiveness in state government, 2024 • <a href="/State_legislative_incumbents_without_general_election_challengers,_2024" title="State legislative incumbents without general election challengers, 2024">State legislative incumbents without general election challengers, 2024</a> • <a href="/Major_party_competition_in_state_legislative_elections,_2024" title="Major party competition in state legislative elections, 2024">Major party competition in state legislative elections, 2024</a> • <a href="/Open_seats_in_state_legislative_elections,_2024" title="Open seats in state legislative elections, 2024">Open seats in state legislative elections, 2024</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_incumbents_in_contested_primaries,_2024" title="State legislative incumbents in contested primaries, 2024">State legislative incumbents in contested primaries, 2024</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_State_legislative_veto-proof_majorities" title="Election results, 2024: State legislative veto-proof majorities">State legislative veto-proof majorities</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_State_legislative_races_decided_by_fewer_than_100_votes" title="Election results, 2024: State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes">State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes</a> • <a href="/Margin_of_victory_analysis_for_the_2024_state_legislative_elections" title="Margin of victory analysis for the 2024 state legislative elections">Margin of victory analysis for the 2024 state legislative elections</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_State_legislative_seats_that_changed_party_control" title="Election results, 2024: State legislative seats that changed party control">State legislative seats that changed party control</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>State executives</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Annual_State_Executive_Competitiveness_Report,_2024" title="Annual State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2024">Competitiveness report</a> • States with two or more statewide offices up for election in 2024 • <a href="/Trifecta_vulnerability_in_the_2024_elections" title="Trifecta vulnerability in the 2024 elections">Trifecta vulnerability in the 2024 elections</a> • <a href="/Impact_of_term_limits_on_state_executive_elections_in_2024" title="Impact of term limits on state executive elections in 2024">Impact of term limits on state executive elections in 2024</a> • Number of Democratic and Republican candidates on the ballot for state offices, 2024 • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors in the 2024 elections</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Ballot measures</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Ballotpedia%27s_top_10_ballot_measures_to_watch,_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballotpedia's top 10 ballot measures to watch, 2024 (page does not exist)">Ballotpedia's top 10 ballot measures to watch, 2024</a> • <a href="/Ballot_measure_readability_scores,_2024" title="Ballot measure readability scores, 2024">Ballot measure readability scores, 2024</a> • <a href="/Ballot_measure_signature_costs,_2024" title="Ballot measure signature costs, 2024">Ballot measure signature costs, 2024</a> • <a href="/Ballot_measure_campaign_finance,_2024" title="Ballot measure campaign finance, 2024">Ballot measure campaign finance, 2024</a> • Analysis of the 2024 local ballot measures in the largest U.S. cities and state capitals</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Local</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Partisanship_in_United_States_municipal_elections_(2024)" title="Partisanship in United States municipal elections (2024)">Partisanship in United States municipal elections (2024)</a> • <a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Partisan_balance_of_mayors_of_the_100_largest_cities_by_population" title="Election results, 2024: Partisan balance of mayors of the 100 largest cities by population">Partisan balance of mayors of the 100 largest cities by population</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:State_legislatures" title="Template:State legislatures"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:State_legislatures&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/State_Legislatures" title="State Legislatures">State legislatures</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_legislatures" class="mw-redirect" title="State legislatures">Legislatures</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/Alabama_State_Legislature" title="Alabama State Legislature">Alabama</a> (<a href="/Alabama_House_of_Representatives" title="Alabama House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Alabama_State_Senate" title="Alabama State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Alaska_State_Legislature" title="Alaska State Legislature">Alaska</a> (<a href="/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Alaska_State_Senate" title="Alaska State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Arizona_State_Legislature" title="Arizona State Legislature">Arizona</a> (<a href="/Arizona_House_of_Representatives" title="Arizona House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Arizona_State_Senate" title="Arizona State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Arkansas_General_Assembly" title="Arkansas General Assembly">Arkansas</a> (<a href="/Arkansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Arkansas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Arkansas_State_Senate" title="Arkansas State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California</a> (<a href="/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Colorado_General_Assembly" title="Colorado General Assembly">Colorado</a> (<a href="/Colorado_House_of_Representatives" title="Colorado House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Colorado_State_Senate" title="Colorado State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Connecticut_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut State Legislature">Connecticut</a> (<a href="/Connecticut_House_of_Representatives" title="Connecticut House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Connecticut_State_Senate" title="Connecticut State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">Delaware</a> (<a href="/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Delaware_State_Senate" title="Delaware State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Florida_State_Legislature" title="Florida State Legislature">Florida</a> (<a href="/Florida_House_of_Representatives" title="Florida House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Florida_State_Senate" title="Florida State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Georgia_General_Assembly" title="Georgia General Assembly">Georgia</a> (<a href="/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Hawaii_State_Legislature" title="Hawaii State Legislature">Hawaii</a> (<a href="/Hawaii_House_of_Representatives" title="Hawaii House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Hawaii_State_Senate" title="Hawaii State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Idaho_State_Legislature" title="Idaho State Legislature">Idaho</a> (<a href="/Idaho_House_of_Representatives" title="Idaho House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Idaho_State_Senate" title="Idaho State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois</a> (<a href="/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Illinois_State_Senate" title="Illinois State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Indiana_General_Assembly" title="Indiana General Assembly">Indiana</a> (<a href="/Indiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Indiana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Indiana_State_Senate" title="Indiana State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Iowa_General_Assembly" title="Iowa General Assembly">Iowa</a> (<a href="/Iowa_House_of_Representatives" title="Iowa House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Iowa_State_Senate" title="Iowa State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Kansas_State_Legislature" title="Kansas State Legislature">Kansas</a> (<a href="/Kansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Kansas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Kansas_State_Senate" title="Kansas State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Kentucky_General_Assembly" title="Kentucky General Assembly">Kentucky</a> (<a href="/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Kentucky_State_Senate" title="Kentucky State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">Louisiana</a> (<a href="/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Maine_State_Legislature" title="Maine State Legislature">Maine</a> (<a href="/Maine_House_of_Representatives" title="Maine House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Maine_State_Senate" title="Maine State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland</a> (<a href="/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/Maryland_State_Senate" title="Maryland State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Massachusetts_State_Senate" title="Massachusetts State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Michigan_State_Legislature" title="Michigan State Legislature">Michigan</a> (<a href="/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Michigan_State_Senate" title="Michigan State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Minnesota_State_Legislature" title="Minnesota State Legislature">Minnesota</a> (<a href="/Minnesota_House_of_Representatives" title="Minnesota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Minnesota_State_Senate" title="Minnesota State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Mississippi_State_Legislature" title="Mississippi State Legislature">Mississippi</a> (<a href="/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Mississippi_State_Senate" title="Mississippi State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Missouri_General_Assembly" title="Missouri General Assembly">Missouri</a> (<a href="/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Missouri_State_Senate" title="Missouri State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Montana_State_Legislature" title="Montana State Legislature">Montana</a> (<a href="/Montana_House_of_Representatives" title="Montana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Montana_State_Senate" title="Montana State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Nebraska_State_Senate_(Unicameral)" title="Nebraska State Senate (Unicameral)">Nebraska</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Nevada_State_Legislature" title="Nevada State Legislature">Nevada</a> (<a href="/Nevada_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevada Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/Nevada_State_Senate" title="Nevada State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/New_Hampshire_General_Court" title="New Hampshire General Court">New Hampshire</a> (<a href="/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/New_Hampshire_State_Senate" title="New Hampshire State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/New_Jersey_State_Legislature" title="New Jersey State Legislature">New Jersey</a> (<a href="/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" title="New Jersey General Assembly">GA</a>, <a href="/New_Jersey_State_Senate" title="New Jersey State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/New_Mexico_State_Legislature" title="New Mexico State Legislature">New Mexico</a> (<a href="/New_Mexico_House_of_Representatives" title="New Mexico House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/New_Mexico_State_Senate" title="New Mexico State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York</a> (<a href="/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/General_Assembly_of_North_Carolina" title="General Assembly of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (<a href="/North_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="North Carolina House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/North_Carolina_State_Senate" title="North Carolina State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/North_Dakota_Legislative_Assembly" title="North Dakota Legislative Assembly">North Dakota</a> (<a href="/North_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="North Dakota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/North_Dakota_State_Senate" title="North Dakota State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio</a> (<a href="/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Ohio_State_Senate" title="Ohio State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Oklahoma_State_Legislature" title="Oklahoma State Legislature">Oklahoma</a> (<a href="/Oklahoma_House_of_Representatives" title="Oklahoma House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Oklahoma_State_Senate" title="Oklahoma State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Oregon_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Legislative Assembly">Oregon</a> (<a href="/Oregon_House_of_Representatives" title="Oregon House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Oregon_State_Senate" title="Oregon State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Pennsylvania_State_Senate" title="Pennsylvania State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Rhode_Island_General_Assembly" title="Rhode Island General Assembly">Rhode Island</a> (<a href="/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives" title="Rhode Island House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Rhode_Island_State_Senate" title="Rhode Island State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/South_Carolina_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina General Assembly">South Carolina</a> (<a href="/South_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="South Carolina House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/South_Carolina_State_Senate" title="South Carolina State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/South_Dakota_State_Legislature" title="South Dakota State Legislature">South Dakota</a> (<a href="/South_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="South Dakota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/South_Dakota_State_Senate" title="South Dakota State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Tennessee_General_Assembly" title="Tennessee General Assembly">Tennessee</a> (<a href="/Tennessee_House_of_Representatives" title="Tennessee House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Tennessee_State_Senate" title="Tennessee State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Texas_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Legislature">Texas</a> (<a href="/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Texas_State_Senate" title="Texas State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Utah_State_Legislature" title="Utah State Legislature">Utah</a> (<a href="/Utah_House_of_Representatives" title="Utah House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Utah_State_Senate" title="Utah State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Vermont_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont</a> (<a href="/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Vermont_State_Senate" title="Vermont State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia</a> (<a href="/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/Virginia_State_Senate" title="Virginia State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Washington_State_Legislature" title="Washington State Legislature">Washington</a> (<a href="/Washington_State_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington State House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Washington_State_Senate" title="Washington State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/West_Virginia_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia Legislature">West Virginia</a> (<a href="/West_Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="West Virginia House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/West_Virginia_State_Senate" title="West Virginia State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Wisconsin_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Legislature">Wisconsin</a> (<a href="/Wisconsin_State_Assembly" title="Wisconsin State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/Wisconsin_State_Senate" title="Wisconsin State Senate">S</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/Wyoming_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyoming Legislature">Wyoming</a> (<a href="/Wyoming_House_of_Representatives" title="Wyoming House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/Wyoming_State_Senate" title="Wyoming State Senate">S</a>)</span> <hr /></div></td><td style="width:1%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left:0.5em;" rowspan="17"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/State_Legislatures" title="State Legislatures"><img alt="SLP badge.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ee/SLP_badge.png/130px-SLP_badge.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ee/SLP_badge.png/195px-SLP_badge.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/e/ee/SLP_badge.png/260px-SLP_badge.png 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1016" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2025" title="State legislative elections, 2025">2025</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2025" title="State legislative elections, 2025">State legislative elections (2025)</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2025" title="State legislative special elections, 2025">State legislative special elections (2025)</a> • <a href="/Signature_requirements_and_deadlines_for_2025_state_government_elections" title="Signature requirements and deadlines for 2025 state government elections">Primary dates and filing requirements</a> • <a href="/Dates_of_2025_state_legislative_sessions" title="Dates of 2025 state legislative sessions">2025 Session Dates</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">2024</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">State legislative elections (2024)</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2024" title="State legislative special elections, 2024">State legislative special elections (2024)</a> • <a href="/Signature_requirements_and_deadlines_for_2024_state_government_elections" title="Signature requirements and deadlines for 2024 state government elections">Primary dates and filing requirements</a> • <a href="/Dates_of_2024_state_legislative_sessions" title="Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions">2024 Session Dates</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2023" title="State legislative elections, 2023">2023</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2023" title="State legislative elections, 2023">State legislative elections (2023)</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_special_elections,_2023" title="State legislative special elections, 2023">State legislative special elections (2023)</a> • <a href="/Signature_requirements_and_deadlines_for_2023_state_government_elections" title="Signature requirements and deadlines for 2023 state government elections">Primary dates and filing requirements</a> • <a href="/Dates_of_2023_state_legislative_sessions" title="Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions">2023 Session Dates</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;">Historical elections</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2022" title="State legislative elections, 2022">2022</a> •  <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2021" title="State legislative elections, 2021">2021</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2020" title="State legislative elections, 2020">2020</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2019" title="State legislative elections, 2019">2019</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2018" title="State legislative elections, 2018">2018</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2017" title="State legislative elections, 2017">2017</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2016" title="State legislative elections, 2016">2016</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2015" title="State legislative elections, 2015">2015</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2014" title="State legislative elections, 2014">2014</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2013" title="State legislative elections, 2013">2013</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2012" title="State legislative elections, 2012">2012</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2011" title="State legislative elections, 2011">2011</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2010" title="State legislative elections, 2010">2010</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2009" title="State legislative elections, 2009">2009</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2008" title="State legislative elections, 2008">2008</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2007" title="State legislative elections, 2007">2007</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2006" title="State legislative elections, 2006">2006</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2005" title="State legislative elections, 2005">2005</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2004" title="State legislative elections, 2004">2004</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2003" title="State legislative elections, 2003">2003</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2002" title="State legislative elections, 2002">2002</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2001" title="State legislative elections, 2001">2001</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2000" title="State legislative elections, 2000">2000</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">Features of <br />state legislatures</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/How_vacancies_are_filled_in_state_legislatures" title="How vacancies are filled in state legislatures">How vacancies are filled in state legislatures</a> • <a href="/States_with_a_full-time_legislature" title="States with a full-time legislature">States with a full-time legislature</a> • <a href="/State_legislatures_with_term_limits" title="State legislatures with term limits">State legislatures with term limits</a> • <a href="/Comparison_of_state_legislative_salaries" title="Comparison of state legislative salaries">Comparison of state legislative salaries</a> • <a href="/When_state_legislators_assume_office_after_a_general_election" title="When state legislators assume office after a general election">When state legislators assume office after a general election</a> • <a href="/Population_represented_by_state_legislators" title="Population represented by state legislators">Population represented by state legislators</a> • <a href="/State_constitutional_articles_governing_state_legislatures" title="State constitutional articles governing state legislatures">State constitutional articles governing state legislatures</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_sessions" title="State legislative sessions">State legislative sessions</a> • <a href="/Resign-to-run_law" title="Resign-to-run law">Resign-to-run law</a> • <a href="/State_legislature_candidate_requirements_by_state" title="State legislature candidate requirements by state">State legislature candidate requirements by state</a> • <a href="/Official_names_of_state_legislatures" title="Official names of state legislatures">Official names of state legislatures</a> • <a href="/State_legislative_chambers_that_use_multi-member_districts" title="State legislative chambers that use multi-member districts">State legislative chambers that use multi-member districts</a> • <a href="/Factors_Affecting_Competitiveness_in_State_Legislative_Elections" title="Factors Affecting Competitiveness in State Legislative Elections">Factors Affecting Competitiveness in State Legislative Elections</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_senates" title="State senates">State senates</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Length_of_terms_of_state_senators" title="Length of terms of state senators">Length of terms of state senators</a> • <a href="/State_senators" title="State senators">State senators</a> • <a href="/Partisan_composition_of_state_senates" title="Partisan composition of state senates">Partisan composition of state senates</a> • <a href="/State_senators_sorted_by_year_first_elected_to_senate" class="mw-redirect" title="State senators sorted by year first elected to senate">State senators sorted by year first elected</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/State_houses" title="State houses">State houses</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Length_of_terms_of_state_representatives" title="Length of terms of state representatives">Length of terms of state representatives</a> • <a href="/State_representative" class="mw-redirect" title="State representative">State representatives</a> • <a href="/Partisan_composition_of_state_houses" title="Partisan composition of state houses">Partisan composition of state houses</a> • <a href="/State_representatives_sorted_by_year_first_elected" class="mw-redirect" title="State representatives sorted by year first elected">State representatives sorted by year first elected</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><a href="/Leadership_positions_in_state_legislatures" title="Leadership positions in state legislatures">Leadership positions</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/President_of_the_Senate" title="President of the Senate">President of the Senate</a> • <a href="/State_senate_President_Pro_Tempore" class="mw-redirect" title="State senate President Pro Tempore">President Pro Tempore</a> • <a href="/State_Senate_Majority_Leader" title="State Senate Majority Leader">Senate Majority Leader</a> • <a href="/State_Senate_Minority_Leader" title="State Senate Minority Leader">Senate Minority Leader</a> • <a href="/State_House_Majority_Leader" title="State House Majority Leader">House Majority Leader</a> • <a href="/State_House_Minority_Leader" title="State House Minority Leader">House Minority Leader</a> • <a href="/State_Speaker_of_the_House" title="State Speaker of the House">State Speaker of the House</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#0744ac; 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Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Ballotpedia</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Overview</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:What_people_are_saying" title="Ballotpedia:What people are saying">What people are saying</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">Support Ballotpedia</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Contact</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ways_you_can_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Ways you can help">Contribute</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Job_opportunities" title="Ballotpedia:Job opportunities">Job opportunities</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>Executive:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Leslie_Graves" title="Ballotpedia:Leslie Graves">Leslie Graves, President</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Gwen_Beattie" title="Ballotpedia:Gwen Beattie">Gwen Beattie, Chief Operating Officer</a><br /> <p><b>Communications:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Alison_Graves" title="Ballotpedia:Alison Graves">Alison Graves</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Carley_Allensworth" title="Ballotpedia:Carley Allensworth">Carley Allensworth</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Abigail_Campbell" title="Ballotpedia:Abigail Campbell">Abigail Campbell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Sarah_Groat" title="Ballotpedia:Sarah Groat">Sarah Groat</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Nathaniel_Harwood" title="Ballotpedia:Nathaniel Harwood">Nathaniel Harwood</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Dillon_Redmond" title="Ballotpedia:Dillon Redmond">Dillon Redmond</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Erica_Shumaker" title="Ballotpedia:Erica Shumaker">Erica Shumaker</a><br /> <b>External Relations: </b><a href="/Ballotpedia:Ashley_Fleming" title="Ballotpedia:Ashley Fleming">Ashley Fleming</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Hannah_Nelson" title="Ballotpedia:Hannah Nelson">Hannah Nelson</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Katy_Noble" title="Ballotpedia:Katy Noble">Katy Noble</a><br /> <b>Operations:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Meghann_Olshefski" title="Ballotpedia:Meghann Olshefski">Meghann Olshefski</a> • <a 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