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class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Diru" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Diru" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Diru" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Diru" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zirkulatzen_ez_duten_kontu_unitateak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zirkulatzen_ez_duten_kontu_unitateak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Zirkulatzen ez duten kontu unitateak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zirkulatzen_ez_duten_kontu_unitateak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metalezko_txanpona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalezko_txanpona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Metalezko txanpona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalezko_txanpona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erroma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erroma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Erroma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erroma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Txina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Txina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Txina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Txina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metalezko_dirua_Erdi_Aroan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalezko_dirua_Erdi_Aroan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Metalezko dirua Erdi Aroan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalezko_dirua_Erdi_Aroan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bimetalismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bimetalismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Bimetalismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bimetalismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urre_patroia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urre_patroia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Urre patroia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urre_patroia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Truke_fluktuazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Truke_fluktuazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Truke fluktuazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Truke_fluktuazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diruaren_sorrerari_buruzko_teoriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diruaren_sorrerari_buruzko_teoriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diruaren sorrerari buruzko teoriak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diruaren_sorrerari_buruzko_teoriak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Diruaren sorrerari buruzko teoriak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diruaren_sorrerari_buruzko_teoriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ordena_espontaneoaren_teoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordena_espontaneoaren_teoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ordena espontaneoaren teoria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordena_espontaneoaren_teoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kartalismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kartalismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Kartalismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kartalismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funtzioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funtzioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Funtzioak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Funtzioak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Funtzioak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Funtzioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Truke_bitarteko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Truke_bitarteko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Truke bitarteko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Truke_bitarteko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontu_unitatea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontu_unitatea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kontu unitatea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontu_unitatea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordainketa_geroratuko_estandarra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordainketa_geroratuko_estandarra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ordainketa geroratuko estandarra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordainketa_geroratuko_estandarra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balio_gordailu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balio_gordailu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Balio gordailu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balio_gordailu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezaugarriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezaugarriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ezaugarriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezaugarriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diru_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diru_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Diru motak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diru_motak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Diru motak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diru_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gauzazko_dirua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gauzazko_dirua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Gauzazko dirua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gauzazko_dirua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erabilera_legaleko_dirua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erabilera_legaleko_dirua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Erabilera legaleko dirua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erabilera_legaleko_dirua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agirizko_dirua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agirizko_dirua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Agirizko dirua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agirizko_dirua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banku_dirua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banku_dirua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Banku dirua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banku_dirua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diru_elektronikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diru_elektronikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Diru elektronikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diru_elektronikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tokiko_dirua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tokiko_dirua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Tokiko dirua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tokiko_dirua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Euskoaren_ezaugarriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euskoaren_ezaugarriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6.1</span> <span>Euskoaren ezaugarriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euskoaren_ezaugarriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diru_birtuala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diru_birtuala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Diru birtuala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diru_birtuala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kriptodirua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kriptodirua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7.1</span> <span>Kriptodirua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kriptodirua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Diru</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 199 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-199" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">199 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D4%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аԥара – abkhaziera" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аԥара" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%98%E1%89%A5" title="ገንዘብ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ገንዘብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diners" title="Diners – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Diners" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikpoko" title="Ikpoko – oboloera" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ikpoko" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="oboloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مال – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فلوس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فلوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3" title="فلوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="মুদ্ৰা – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুদ্ৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dineru" title="Dineru – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dineru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86_(%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="ГӀарац (валюта) – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀарац (валюта)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullqi" title="Qullqi – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qullqi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul" title="Pul – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="پول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Аҡса – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аҡса" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gejd" title="Gejd – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gejd" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%97n%C4%97ng%C4%81" title="Pėnėngā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pėnėngā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarta" title="Kwarta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kwarta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Грошы – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грошы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Грошы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грошы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duit" title="Duit – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Duit" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пари – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пари" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duit" title="Duit – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Duit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF)" title="অর্থ (অর্থনীতি) – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অর্থ (অর্থনীতি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="དངུལ་ལོར། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངུལ་ལོར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%27hant" title="Arc'hant – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arc'hant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novac" title="Novac – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Novac" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeng" title="Epeng – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Epeng" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мүнгэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мүнгэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diner" title="Diner – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cen" title="Cen – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Cen" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ng" title="Cièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Ахча – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ахча" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarta" title="Kwarta – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kwarta" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%95%E1%8E%B3" title="ᎠᏕᎳ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏕᎳ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95" title="پارە – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADze" title="Peníze – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peníze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%C3%A7%D0%B0" title="Укçа – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Укçа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian_(economeg)" title="Arian (economeg) – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arian (economeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penge" title="Penge – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Penge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C9%A3ifu" title="Laɣifu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Laɣifu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pere" title="Pere – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pere" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Χρήμα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρήμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" title="Money – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Money" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono" title="Mono – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinero" title="Dinero – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raha" title="Raha – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raha" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dineru" title="Dineru – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Dineru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="پول – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raha" title="Raha – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raha" title="Raha – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Raha" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monnaie" title="Monnaie – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monnaie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jil" title="Jil – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jil" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jild" title="Jild – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jild" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airgead_(eacnama%C3%ADocht)" title="Airgead (eacnamaíocht) – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Airgead (eacnamaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%A2" title="錢 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="錢" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanmonnen" title="Lanmonnen – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmonnen" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airgead_(malairt)" title="Airgead (malairt) – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Airgead (malairt)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B1eiro" title="Diñeiro – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Diñeiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viru" title="Viru – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Viru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nneer%C3%BC" title="Nneerü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Nneerü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C9%97i" title="Kuɗi – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kuɗi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C3%A8n" title="Chhièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A3_(%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D)" title="כסף (אמצעי תשלום) – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כסף (אמצעי תשלום)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE)" title="मुद्रा (विनिमय माध्यम) – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुद्रा (विनिमय माध्यम)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paisa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novac" title="Novac – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajan" title="Lajan – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lajan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nz" title="Pénz – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pénz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Փող – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneta" title="Moneta – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Moneta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uang" title="Uang – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" title="Money – igboera" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Money" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manik" title="Manik – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Manik" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarta" title="Kuarta – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kuarta" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Ахча – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ахча" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekunio" title="Pekunio – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pekunio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peningar" title="Peningar – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Peningar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaro" title="Denaro – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Denaro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="貨幣 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="貨幣" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moni" title="Moni – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Moni" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhuwit" title="Dhuwit – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhuwit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ფული – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurum" title="Kurum – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kurum" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duit" title="Duit – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Duit" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Ақша – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A3" title="ಹಣ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%88" title="돈 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Ачха – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ачха" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pere" title="Pere – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pere" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Акча – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Акча" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecunia" title="Pecunia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pecunia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%86%D1%83_(%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88)" title="Арцу (къуруш) – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Арцу (къуруш)" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mone" title="Mone – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mone" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geldj" title="Geldj – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geldj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%A6a" title="Monæa – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Monæa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danee" title="Danee – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Danee" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C9%94%CC%81ng%C9%94" title="Mbɔ́ngɔ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mbɔ́ngɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ເງິນ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເງິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinigai" title="Pinigai – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pinigai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauda" title="Nauda – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nauda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मुद्रा – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मुद्रा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ярмакне – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ярмакне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vola" title="Vola – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vola" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moni" title="Moni – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Moni" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitih" title="Pitih – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pitih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пари – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пари" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="പണം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9" title="Мөнгө – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мөнгө" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯁꯦꯜ – manipurera" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯦꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang" title="Wang – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denheiro" title="Denheiro – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Denheiro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC" title="ငွေအသပြာ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငွေအသပြာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Ярмакт – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ярмакт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84" title="پیل – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پیل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A8ld" title="Gèld – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gèld" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मुद्रा – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुद्रा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="ध्यबा – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ध्यबा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefe" title="Kefe – niasera" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Kefe" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="niasera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengar" title="Pengar – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pengar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penger" title="Penger – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Penger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9eso" title="Béeso – navajoera" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béeso" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Moneda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੈਸਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani" title="Mani – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Mani" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieni%C4%85dz" title="Pieniądz – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pieniądz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Moneda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="زر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B3%DB%90" title="پيسې – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پيسې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinheiro" title="Dinheiro – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinheiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rantina_qullqi" title="Rantina qullqi – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rantina qullqi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovi" title="Lovi – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Lovi" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban_(mijloc_de_plat%C4%83)" title="Ban (mijloc de plată) – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ban (mijloc de plată)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Деньги – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деньги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%97" title="Пінязї – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пінязї" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifaranga" title="Ifaranga – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ifaranga" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="धनम् – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="धनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Харчы – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харчы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinaru_(sordi)" title="Dinaru (sordi) – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dinaru (sordi)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" title="Money – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Money" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="پيسا – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيسا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhta" title="Ruhta – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruhta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novac" title="Novac – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqqari%E1%B8%8D" title="Aqqariḍ – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aqqariḍ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="මුදල් – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුදල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money" title="Money – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Money" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peniaze" title="Peniaze – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Peniaze" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denar" title="Denar – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Denar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupe" title="Tupe – samoera" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tupe" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari" title="Mari – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mari" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacag" title="Lacag – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Lacag" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraja" title="Paraja – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paraja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Новац – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duit" title="Duit – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Duit" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengar" title="Pengar – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pengar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesa" title="Pesa – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pesa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geld" title="Geld – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Geld" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kalisiw" title="kalisiw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kalisiw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பணம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/pila%27" title="pila' – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="pila'" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="ధనం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ధనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%AF%D0%BB" title="Пӯл – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пӯл" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="เงินตรา – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เงินตรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul" title="Pul – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pul" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salapi" title="Salapi – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Salapi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani" title="Mani – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Mani" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para" title="Para – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Para" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali" title="Mali – tsongera" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mali" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsongera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Акча – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Акча" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Акша – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Акша" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%96" title="Гроші – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гроші" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="زر – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul" title="Pul – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schei" title="Schei – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Schei" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahad" title="Rahad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rahad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n" title="Tiền – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cw%C3%A5rs" title="Cwårs – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cwårs" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwarta" title="Kwarta – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kwarta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar – wolofera" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Koppar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E9%92%BF" title="铜钿 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铜钿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imali" title="Imali – xhosera" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imali" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ფარა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფარა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98" title="געלט – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געלט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ow%C3%B3" title="Owó – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Owó" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cienz" title="Cienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%87%E2%B5%87%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B9" title="ⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="貨幣 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="貨幣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B9%A3" title="泉幣 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="泉幣" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%AE%E2%81%BF" title="Chîⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chîⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-2-HezkuntzaPrograma" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza" title="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Billets_de_5000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Billets_de_5000.jpg/220px-Billets_de_5000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Billets_de_5000.jpg/330px-Billets_de_5000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Billets_de_5000.jpg/440px-Billets_de_5000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>5.000 unitateko balioa duten billete ezberdinak.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dirua</b> herrialde edo testuinguru sozioekonomiko jakin batean <a href="/wiki/Ondasun" title="Ondasun">ondasunak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Zerbitzu_(ekonomia)" title="Zerbitzu (ekonomia)">zerbitzuak</a> ordaintzeko edo <a href="/wiki/Zor" title="Zor">zorrak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zerga" title="Zerga">zergak</a>, esaterako) itzultzeko erabil daitekeen edozein artikulu edo erregistro egiaztagarri da.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dirua bereizten duten funtzio nagusiak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Truke-bitarteko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truke-bitarteko (sortu gabe)">truke bitartekoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kontu-unitate" title="Kontu-unitate">kontu unitatea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balio-gordailu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balio-gordailu (sortu gabe)">balio gordailua</a> eta, batzuetan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordainketa_geroratuko_estandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordainketa geroratuko estandar (sortu gabe)">ordainketa geroratuko estandarra</a> dira. </p><p>Historikoki, dirua merkatu fenomeno <a href="/wiki/Emergentzia" title="Emergentzia">emergentea</a> izan zen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merkantzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merkantzia (sortu gabe)">merkantzia</a> gisa berezko balioa zuena; gaur egungo diru sistema ia guztiak babesik gabeko eta <a href="/wiki/Erabilera-balio" title="Erabilera-balio">erabilera baliorik</a> gabeko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru_fiduziario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diru fiduziario (sortu gabe)">diru fiduziarioan</a> oinarritzen dira.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ondorioz, haren balioa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konbentzio_sozial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konbentzio sozial (sortu gabe)">konbentzio sozial</a> batetik dator, <a href="/wiki/Gobernu" title="Gobernu">gobernu</a> edo erakunde arautzaile batek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legezko_erabilera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legezko erabilera (sortu gabe)">legezko erabilera</a> deklaratu duelako; hau da, ordainketa modu gisa onartu behar da herrialdearen mugen barruan, <a href="/wiki/Zor_publiko" title="Zor publiko">zor publiko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zor_publiko" title="Zor publiko">pribatu</a> guztietarako. </p><p>Herrialde baten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru-eskaintza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diru-eskaintza (sortu gabe)">diru eskaintzak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirkulazioan_dagoen_eskudiru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirkulazioan dagoen eskudiru (sortu gabe)">zirkulazioan dagoen eskudiru</a> guztia hartzen du (gaur egun jaulkitako <a href="/wiki/Diru-paper" title="Diru-paper">diru paperak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Txanpon" title="Txanpon">txanponak</a>) eta, erabilitako definizio zehatzaren arabera, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banku-diru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banku-diru (sortu gabe)">banku diru</a> mota bat edo gehiago (<a href="/wiki/Kontu_korronte" title="Kontu korronte">kontu korronteetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aurrezki-kontu" title="Aurrezki-kontu">aurrezki kontuetan</a> eta bestelako banku kontuetan mantendutako saldoak). Banku diruak finantza erakundeen liburuetan du balioa, eta billete fisiko bihur daiteke edo eskudirurik gabeko ordainketetarako erabil daiteke. Herrialde garatuetako diruaren zatirik handiena da, zentzu zabalean. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Truke metodoen erabilera duela 10.000 urte hasi zen, <a href="/wiki/Truke" title="Truke">truke</a> hutsean oinarritutako gizarteren frogarik ez dagoen arren.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aldiz, dirurik gabeko gizarteak opariaren eta <a href="/wiki/Zor" title="Zor">zorraren</a> ekonomiaren printzipioen arabera arautzen ziren hein handi batean.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normalean, trukea arrotzen edo etsai potentzialen artekoa izan ohi zen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mundu osoko kultura askok garatu zuten denboraren poderioz <a href="/wiki/Gauzazko_diru" title="Gauzazko diru">gauzazko diruaren</a> erabilera. Trukea egiteko erabil zitezkeen materialen zerrenda amaigabea izan zitekeen. Erosketa txikietarako, historikoki, erraz garraiatzeko moduko eta benetako baliorik gabeko gauzak erabili izan dira, benetako dirua izan gabe. Gizateriak truke egiteko erabili izan dituen gaien artean daude, besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Harri" title="Harri">harria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gatz_arrunt" title="Gatz arrunt">sukaldeko gatza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maskor" title="Maskor">maskorrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakao_arbola" title="Kakao arbola">kakao</a> <a href="/wiki/Hazi" title="Hazi">haziak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animalien</a> <a href="/wiki/Larruazal" title="Larruazal">larruak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Te_(edaria)" title="Te (edaria)">te</a> <a href="/wiki/Hosto" title="Hosto">hostoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalezko</a> <a href="/wiki/Aizkora" title="Aizkora">aizkorak</a> eta abar. Objektuetan oinarritutako diruak XIX. mendearen amaiera arte iraun zuen (<a href="/wiki/Gatz_arrunt" title="Gatz arrunt">gatza</a> <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibeten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kauri" title="Kauri">kauri</a> maskorrak (<i><a href="/wiki/Cypraea" title="Cypraea">Cypraea moneta</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Txinako_historia" title="Txinako historia">Txinan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tevau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tevau (sortu gabe)">tevau</a> <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Uharteak" title="Salomon Uharteak">Salomon Uharteetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikan</a>...), eta aldian behin berriro agertu izan ohi da, moneta diruaren eskasia inon gertatu denean, batez ere nahasmendu eta <a href="/wiki/Pobrezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobrezia">pobrezia</a> garaietan; esate baterako, <a href="/wiki/Zigarreta" title="Zigarreta">zigarreta</a> paketeak <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerraren</a> ostean. Halako gertakariak ez dira hutsalak, baizik nabarmentzen dute trukerako bitarteko baten beharra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zirkulatzen_ez_duten_kontu_unitateak">Zirkulatzen ez duten kontu unitateak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zirkulatzen ez duten kontu unitateak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Zirkulatzen ez duten kontu unitateak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kontu unitateak duela 2.000 <a href="/wiki/Urte" title="Urte">urte</a> baino gehiago asmatu ziren, askotan, <a href="/wiki/Pisu" title="Pisu">pisu</a> unitateetatik eratorririk. <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akadtar_Inperioa" title="Akadtar Inperioa">Akadtar Inperioan</a> (K.a. XXIV-XXII. mendeak), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mina_(unitatea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mina (unitatea) (sortu gabe)">mina</a> erabiltzen zen; <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Egipto" title="Antzinako Egipto">Antzinako Egipton</a>, kontu unitate batzuk asmatu zituzten, besteak beste, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deben_(unitatea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deben (unitatea) (sortu gabe)">deben</a>. Askoz geroago, <a href="/wiki/Azteka" title="Azteka">aztekek</a> ere kontu unitate bat zuten, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quachtli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quachtli (sortu gabe)">quachtli</a> izenekoa, 100 <a href="/wiki/Kakao" title="Kakao">kakao</a> leka edo <a href="/wiki/Kotoi" title="Kotoi">kotoi</a> pieza baten baliokidea.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alabaina, kontu unitateen zirkulazioa oso nekez gertatzen zen, gizarte oso estratifikatu haietan, ekoizleen askatasun eskasa baitzen, produktu kopuru urria, lan banaketaren antolamendua eskasa eta agintarien nagusitasuna erabatekoa, ekoizpena jasotzeko eta banatzeko araubidean. <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Egipto" title="Antzinako Egipto">Antzinako Egipton</a> trukea zen ondasunak legez eskualdatzeko modu bakarra. <a href="/wiki/Azteka" title="Azteka">Azteken</a> artean, berriz, kakao lekaren zirkulazioa ez zen hasi europarren konkista gertatu arte.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalezko_txanpona">Metalezko txanpona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Metalezko txanpona»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Metalezko txanpona"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Herodoto" title="Herodoto">Herodoto</a> historialariaren arabera, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatoliako</a> lidiarrak izan ziren diru gisa <a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urrezko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilarrezko</a> txanponak erabiltzen lehenak.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lehen <a href="/wiki/Dibisa" title="Dibisa">txanponak</a> K.a. 650-600. urte urte inguruan landu ziren.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lehen txanponak egiteko <a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urrea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilarra</a> erabili izan ziren, ez bakarrik metal horien edertasunagatik, korrosioarekiko erresistentziagatik eta balio ekonomikoagatik, baizik ere antzinako ohitura erlijiosoengatik <a href="/wiki/Babiloniar_Inperioa" title="Babiloniar Inperioa">Babilonian</a>, esate baterako, sinesmen zabaldua zen harreman estua zutela, alde batetik, urreak eta <a href="/wiki/Eguzkia" title="Eguzkia">eguzkiak</a>; eta <a href="/wiki/Ilargia" title="Ilargia">ilargiak</a> eta zilarrak, bestetik. Horren ondorioz, Horrek <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> horiekin egindako objektuei botere magiko bat eransten zitzaien. Urrezko eta zilarrezko txanponak <a href="/wiki/Trokelak_eta_trokelaketa" title="Trokelak eta trokelaketa">trokelatzea</a> <a href="/wiki/Mende" title="Mende">mende</a> luzez egin zen mundu osoan zehar, fabrikazioan erabilitako metalaren balio komertziala berezkoa baitzen. Hala, 20 <a href="/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo">gramoko</a> urrezko txanpon baten truke, urre kopuru horren balio bereko ondasunak eskuratzen ahal ziren. Balio handieneko txanponak urrez egiten ziren, eta balio apalagokoak, berriz, zilarrez edo <a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobrez</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Erroma">Erroma</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erroma»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Erroma"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Solidus_Honorius_402_76001657.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Solidus_Honorius_402_76001657.jpg/220px-Solidus_Honorius_402_76001657.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Solidus_Honorius_402_76001657.jpg/330px-Solidus_Honorius_402_76001657.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Solidus_Honorius_402_76001657.jpg/440px-Solidus_Honorius_402_76001657.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>IV. mendeko <a href="/wiki/Solido_(txanpona)" title="Solido (txanpona)">solido</a> bat, <a href="/wiki/Bizantziar_Inperioa" title="Bizantziar Inperioa">Ekialdeko Erromatar Inperioan</a> <i>aureus</i> ordeztu zuena.</figcaption></figure> <p>Diru kontuetan ere, <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Erroma" title="Antzinako Erroma">Antzinako Erromaren</a> eredua <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia">Grezia</a> izan zen. Lehen txanponak zilarrezkoak eta <a href="/wiki/Brontze" title="Brontze">brontzezkoak</a> egin zituzten. Urrezko erromatar txanponen adibide bat da <i><a href="/wiki/Aureo_(txanpona)" title="Aureo (txanpona)">aureoa</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Zesar" title="Julio Zesar">Julio Zesar</a> boterera iritsi aurretik nahiko modu irregularrean egin zena; dirudienez, lehenengo piezak K.a. <a href="/wiki/K.a._217" title="K.a. 217">217</a>. urtean egin ziren. Erromak zailtasun handi bat zuen, txanponak egiteko metal hobi nahikorik ez baitzeukan. <a href="/wiki/Hispaniaren_erromanizazioa" title="Hispaniaren erromanizazioa">Hispaniako</a> <a href="/wiki/Las_M%C3%A9dulas" title="Las Médulas">Las Médulas</a> meatzea bakarrenetakoa zenez, berehala agortu zuten, <a href="/wiki/Mertzenario" title="Mertzenario">mertzenarioak</a> ordaintzeko behar ziren metal kopuruak ateratzeko grina bizian. Meatzearen hondakinak <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCOren</a> <a href="/wiki/Gizateriaren_ondare" title="Gizateriaren ondare">Gizateriaren Ondare</a> dira gaur egun.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gastu militarrak hain handiak zirenez, monetaren <a href="/wiki/Balio-galtze" title="Balio-galtze">balio galtze</a> asko egin behar izaten zituzten erromatar agintariek, txanponen zilar edukia mendeetan zehar erabat deuseztatu zen arte. <a href="/wiki/Diokleziano" title="Diokleziano">Dioklezianok</a> monetaren erreforma garrantzitsu bat egin zuen, hiru metaleko txanponak (<a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilarra</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobrea</a>) trokelatuz eta piezen kalitatea hobetuz.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zenbait adituren iritziz, <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erromatar Inperioaren</a> gainbeheraren arrazoietako bat izan zitekeen moneta ortodoxiaren kanonak ez errespetatzea eta txanponen konposizioa eta, beraz, balioa etengabe manipulatzea. Alabaina, <a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a> ekonomialariak ironiaz erantzun zien halako argudioei, esanez erromatarrek mende luzez menderatu zutela mundu ezagun osoa, beharbada, hain zuzen ere, diruaren interes negatibo bat ezarri zutelako.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Txina">Txina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Txina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Txina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Txinaren_izenak" title="Txinaren izenak">Txinan</a>, metalezko lan <a href="/wiki/Tresna" title="Tresna">tresnak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ganibet" title="Ganibet">ganibetak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aitzur" title="Aitzur">aitzurrak</a>) aspaldidanik hasi ziren erabiltzen merkataritza trukerako, baita metalezko barratxoak ere, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilarrezkoak</a>. Alabaina, metalezko piezak benetako diruaren ezaugarri guztiekin <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a> enperadorearen erregealdian (K.a. <a href="/wiki/K.a._259" title="K.a. 259">259</a> - K.a. <a href="/wiki/K.a._210" title="K.a. 210">210</a>) hasi ziren erabiltzen; Txina bateratu eta lehen <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Harresi_Handia" title="Txinako Harresi Handia">Harresi Handia</a> eraiki ez ezik, 1837ra arte bizirik iraundako <a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobrezko</a> txanpon biribil erdian zulo karratu bat zutenen erabilera esklusiboa ezarri zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diru-dirua ziren txanpon haiek: tropak ordaintzeko erabiltzen ziren eta <a href="/wiki/Zerga" title="Zerga">zergen</a> ordainketa gisa onartzen ziren. Inoiz ez zen behar adina urre edo zilarrik izan txanponak metal horiekin egiteko, baina merkatari handiek leial eutsi zieten zilarrezko <a href="/wiki/Lingote" title="Lingote">lingoteei</a> mendeetan zehar, Txina baitzen metal horren helmugetako bat.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalezko_dirua_Erdi_Aroan">Metalezko dirua Erdi Aroan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Metalezko dirua Erdi Aroan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Metalezko dirua Erdi Aroan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diruaren erabilerak beherakada izan zuen <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europan</a> <a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aroa" title="Erdi Aroa">Erdi Aroan</a>, askatasun ekonomikoek eta <a href="/wiki/Merkataritza" title="Merkataritza">merkataritzak</a> ez baitzeukan leku lasairik <a href="/wiki/Feudalismo" title="Feudalismo">sistema feudalean</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merovingiar_leinua" title="Merovingiar leinua">Merovingiarrek</a> antzinako txanpon berak erabili zituzten, eta pieza zaharren gainean trokelatzea ere utzi zuten. <a href="/wiki/Karolingioak" title="Karolingioak">Karolingioek</a> eta haien ondorengoek, berriz, txanpon propioak sortu zituzten. <a href="/wiki/781" title="781">781</a>. urtean, <a href="/wiki/Karlomagno" title="Karlomagno">Karlomagnok</a> pieza zaharren ordez zilarrezko txanpon berriak ezarri zituen. Oinarrizko unitatea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denier_(txanpona)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denier (txanpona) (sortu gabe)">denierra</a> zen oraindik, baina estandar berri bat agertu zen: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libera_franko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libera franko (sortu gabe)">libera frankoa</a>, 240 denier balio zituena. <a href="/wiki/Sos_(txanpona)" title="Sos (txanpona)">Sosa</a>, ospe handia zuena oraindik, ez zen independentea, denierraren multiploa baizik. Sistema hau zen: libera 1 = 12 denierreko 20 sos = 240 denier. Mila urtez indarrean egongo zen moneta sistema hari esker, merkataritza berrabiarazi eta ekonomia suspertzeko aukera egon zen. <a href="/wiki/Bizantziar_Inperioa" title="Bizantziar Inperioa">Ekialdeko Erromatar Inperioan</a>, urrezko monetak iraun zuen. </p><p>Mundu <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulmanak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partiar_Inperioa" title="Partiar Inperioa">Partiar Inperioan</a> oinarri hartuta, hiru metalezko moneta sistema bat ezarri zuen; <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siriako</a> <i>denarius aureus</i> delakotik dator urrezko <a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">dinarra</a>. <i>Dirhama</i> garai bateko <a href="/wiki/Greziar_drakma" title="Greziar drakma">drakma</a> zen. <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa">kalifak</a> <a href="/wiki/696" title="696">696</a>. urtean ezarritako erreforma handiak ekarri zuen lehengo txanpon guztiak <a href="/wiki/Galdaketa" title="Galdaketa">galdatzea</a> eta haien ordez <a href="/wiki/Hejira" title="Hejira">hejira</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Korana</a> aipatzen zituzten txanpon berriak zirkulazioan jartzea.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bimetalismoa">Bimetalismoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bimetalismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bimetalismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bimetalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bimetalismo (sortu gabe)">Bimetalismoa</a> moneta sistema bat izan zen, oinarria hartzen zuena, alde batetik, <a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urrearen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilarraren</a> trokelaketa askean ―lege arau batekin, bi metalen balioa finkatzen zuena (paritate bimetalikoa)―; eta, bestetik, metal horien ahalmen askatzaile mugagabean, edozein ordainketa bi metalekin egin baitzitekeen. Bimetalismo modernoa XVIII. mendean garatu zen Europan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aro" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdi Aro">Erdi Aroan</a>, moneta unitate guztiak definitzen ziren urrearen edo zilarraren pisuaren arabera. <a href="/wiki/Aleazio" title="Aleazio">Aleazioaren</a> kontrolpean zeudelarik, monetak aldatu eta ordeztu zitezkeen urrearen eta zilarraren edukiaren arabera. <a href="/wiki/IX._mendea" title="IX. mendea">IX. mendetik</a> aurrera, merkataritza gora bidea hasten da, azoka gero eta garrantzitsuagoak antolatzen baitziren. <a href="/wiki/Banku" title="Banku">Bankuak</a> sortu ziren, hastapenetan diru trukatzaile soil gisa, baina azkar eboluzionatu zuten, zentzu modernoa hartu arte. <a href="/wiki/Veneziako_Errepublika" title="Veneziako Errepublika">Veneziako Errepublika</a> munduko moneta plataforma bihurtu zen. Bere arrakasta oinarritu zuen, batez ere, <a href="/wiki/Ekialde" title="Ekialde">Ekialdean</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Mendebalde" title="Mendebalde">Mendebaldean</a> urreak eta zilarrak zeukaten prezioen aldean; Europa osora diru eskasia ekarri zuen veneziarren gailentasunak.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horrek eragindako zailtasun ekonomikoek moneta manipulazioa erraztu zuten, txanponaren balio nominalaren eta urre edo zilar edukiaren arteko erlazioa desitxuratuz. Izan ere, azken batean diruaren historia da une bakoitzeko urre eta zilar produkzio ahalmenaren eta bi metal horien arteko truke tasen aldaketen historia. Europarrak <a href="/wiki/Amerikaren_aurkikuntza" title="Amerikaren aurkikuntza">Ameriketara</a> iritsi zirenean urre kopuru handiak heldu baziren ere, zilarra izan zen txanponak egiteko metal nagusia Europan.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>XIX. mendean, bimetalismoak araua izaten jarraitu zuen, baina urre kopuru handiak zirkulazioan jartzeak eragina izan zuen sisteman. Alde batetik, <a href="/wiki/Kaliforniako_urre_sukarra" title="Kaliforniako urre sukarra">Kalifornian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Klondikeko_urre_sukarra" title="Klondikeko urre sukarra">Klondiken</a> meategi berriak aurkitu ziren, eta, bestetik, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hegoafrika" title="Hegoafrika">Hegoafrikan</a> erauzketa <a href="/wiki/Teknika" title="Teknika">teknika</a> berriek errendimendua izugarri hobetu zuten; horrela, urre ekoizpenak nabarmen egin zuen gora: 1851tik 1860ra doazen bederatzi urteetan, lurraren urre guztiaren erdia ekoitzi zen 1.500 urtean (2000 <a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">tona</a> 1851era arte, 4.000 tona 1860an).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urrearen fluxu ikaragarri horrek zailtasun handiak eragin zizkion bimetalismoari, urreak balioa galdu baitzuen zilarraren aldean. Erantzun gisa, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latindar_Moneta_Batasuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latindar Moneta Batasuna (sortu gabe)">Latindar Moneta Batasuna</a> zilarrezko txanponen ekoizpena mugatzen saiatu zen. <a href="/wiki/1870eko_hamarkada" title="1870eko hamarkada">1870eko hamarkadan</a>, ordea, zilarraren produkzioa biziki handitu zelarik, balioa galdu zuen. Horren ondorioz, Latindar Moneta Batasunak eten egin zuen 1878an zilarra trokelatzeko askatasuna eta haren ahalmen askatzailea. Horrela, bimetalismoa amaitu zen eta <a href="/wiki/Urre-patroi" title="Urre-patroi">urre patroia</a> ezarri zen, birik izan zena 1914ra arte.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urre_patroia">Urre patroia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Urre patroia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Urre patroia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Urre-patroi" title="Urre-patroi">Urre patroia</a> <a href="/wiki/Trukaneurri_finko" title="Trukaneurri finko">trukaneurri finkoko</a> sistema bat izan zen: herrialde bakoitzak igortzen zuen dirua bere urre erreserben mende zegoen, eta bankuen <a href="/wiki/Diru-paper" title="Diru-paper">diru paperak</a> urre bihur zitezkeen <a href="/wiki/Banku_zentral" title="Banku zentral">banku zentralean</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerra</a> hasi zenean, ordea, sistema bertan behera gelditu zen, ezin baitzitzaion erantzun zirkulazioan zegoen diru guztiaren urre balioari, gobernuek beren urre erreserbak baino diru masa askoz handiagoa jaulki baitzuten. Gerra amaitu zenean, hein batean urre patroira itzuli zen moneta sistema, baina ez zen berreskuratu erabateko bihurgarritasuna, eta horren ordez sistema mugatuago bat ezarri zen, urrezko txanponik gabekoa.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1922an, <a href="/wiki/Genova" title="Genova">Genovako</a> biltzarrak urrea aldatzeko <i><a href="/wiki/Urre-patroi#Gold_exchange_standard" title="Urre-patroi">Gold exchange standard</a></i> eredua hartzea gomendatu zuen, <a href="/wiki/Britainia_Handia" title="Britainia Handia">Britainia Handiak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuek</a> <a href="/wiki/Urre-patroi" title="Urre-patroi">urre patroia</a> hartu zuten, <a href="/wiki/Dolar" title="Dolar">dolarraren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Libera_esterlina" title="Libera esterlina">libera esterlinaren</a> erabateko bihurgarritasuna bermatuz; orduan, gainerako herrialdeek onartu zuten erreserbak edukitzea edo <a href="/wiki/Dolar" title="Dolar">dolarretan</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Libera_esterlina" title="Libera esterlina">libera esterlinatan</a>. Britainia Handiak urre patroia utzi zuen <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931n</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerraren</a> ostean, <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woodseko_batzarra" title="Bretton Woodseko batzarra">Bretton Woodseko batzarrean</a> dolarrean oinarritutako eredu berri bat finkatu zen, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuen</a> konpromisoarekin dolarra urre bihurtzeko. Sistema horrek 1971ra arte iraun zuen, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamgo_Gerra" title="Vietnamgo Gerra">Vietnamgo gerraren</a> gastuek <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> presidentea dolarraren bihurgarritasunari amaiera ematera behartu zutenean.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Truke_fluktuazioa">Truke fluktuazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Truke fluktuazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Truke fluktuazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dolarraren bihurgarritasuna lortzeko, egungo nazioarteko moneta sistema dibisen arteko trukean oinarritzen da, <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Diru_Funtsa" title="Nazioarteko Diru Funtsa">Nazioarteko Diru Funtsak</a> <a href="/wiki/Jamaika" title="Jamaika">Jamaikan</a> 1976an hartutako akordioaren arabera. Sistemak ezegonkortasun handia ezartzen du <a href="/wiki/Trukaneurri" title="Trukaneurri">trukaneurrietan</a>, nahiz eta gobernuek esku hartzeari uko egin ez dioten.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diruaren_sorrerari_buruzko_teoriak">Diruaren sorrerari buruzko teoriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Diruaren sorrerari buruzko teoriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Diruaren sorrerari buruzko teoriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordena_espontaneoaren_teoria">Ordena espontaneoaren teoria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ordena espontaneoaren teoria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ordena espontaneoaren teoria"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dirua <a href="/wiki/Truke" title="Truke">trukeak</a> egiteko abantaila eta beharrarekin sortzen da. Trukerik gabeko gizarte batean ez da dirurik behar. Trukeak egitea, ordea, baditu abantailak: ekoizle guztiak ez dira berdinak eta batzuk lan batzuetan trebeagoak direnez, kostu txikiagoak dituzte besteek baino, hau da, <a href="/wiki/Abantaila_konparatibo" title="Abantaila konparatibo">abantaila konparatiboa</a> dute; horri esker, bakoitza <a href="/wiki/Espezializazio_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Espezializazio (argipena)">espezializaturik</a> dagoen produktuak ekoitziz eta merkaturatuz eta horien trukean beste gai eta produktuak eskuratuz, <a href="/wiki/Baliagarritasun_(ekonomia)" title="Baliagarritasun (ekonomia)">baliagarritasun</a> edo probetxu handiagoa ateratzen du. Ekoitzitako gaiak eta produktuak trukatuz, ekoizleek nahiz kontsumitzaileek <a href="/wiki/Soberakin" class="mw-disambig" title="Soberakin">soberakina</a> eskuratzen dute. Trukea egiteko bi agente ados jarri daitezen, ordea, zenbait baldintza bete behar dira: produktuei, kopuruei, denborari eta truke tasei buruz kointzidentziak gauzatu behar dira batera. Adibidez, hiru liburu bi sagarrekin trukatu nahi baditugu, sagarrak dituen pertsona bat, bi liburu nahi dituena eta trukean sagar hiru eskainiko dituena bilatu behar dira une jakin batean. Baldintza horiek aski gogorrak dira, eta hortik sortzen da dirua bitarteko gai <a href="/wiki/Likidezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Likidezia">likido</a> moduan trukeak errazteko.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horrela, dirua ekonomiaren eboluzio natural edo espontaneo baten emaitza litzateke. Diruaren jatorriaren teoria hau <a href="/wiki/Austriar_eskola" title="Austriar eskola">Austriako eskola</a> ekonomikoaren sortzailea <a href="/wiki/Carl_Menger" title="Carl Menger">Carl Menger</a> ekonomialariak planteatu zuen, eta gerora eskola horretako beste ekonomialari batzuek, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Misesek</a> kasu, hartu zuten oinarri moduan, diruaren gaineko teoriak eratu eta fintzeko. Mengerrek, ordea, ez zuen estatuaren rola guztiz baztertu, eta dirua osatu behar duen gai likidoa finkatzean eta diru sistema ezarri eta kudeatzeko ezinbestekoa zela aldeztu zuen, Austriako eskolako beste ekonomialari batzuek ez bezala.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kartalismoa">Kartalismoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kartalismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kartalismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartalismo (sortu gabe)">Kartalismo</a> izeneko teoria <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Fredrich_Knapp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Fredrich Knapp (sortu gabe)">Georg Fredrich Knapp</a> alemaniar ekonomialariak garatu zuen XX. mendearen hasieran. Knappek ez du ukatzen diruaren sorrera gizarteak sortutako truke bitarteko gisa, baina estatuak dirua jaulkitzeko ahalmena bere gain hartzean, dirua zer den eta zer ez den erabaki eta gizarteak hori onartzen duenean, diruaren balio materiala kontuan hartu gabe, jauzi kualitatiboa gertatzen da diruaren izaeran. Balio materialik ez duen baina herritarrek zorrak kitatzeko erabiltzen duten diru horri <i>diru kartala</i> deitzen dio Knappek. Bere ustez, dirua kontrolatzeko <a href="/wiki/Estatu" title="Estatu">Estatuak</a> duen interesa zerga bilketan datza: estatuak zergak kobratzeko ezartzen du dirua eta estatuari zergak ordaintzeko modu bakarra delako onartzen dute herritarrek estatuak ezarritako diru hori. «Dirua Estatuaren izakia da» adierazi ohi da ideia hori laburbiltzeko. Horrela, dirua aztertzeko ikuspuntu egokienak politikoa, juridikoa eta kulturala dira.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funtzioak">Funtzioak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Funtzioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Funtzioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Money and the Mechanism of Exchange</i> (1875) lanean, <a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Jevons" title="William Stanley Jevons">William Stanley Jevonsek</a> lau funtzioren arabera aztertu zuen dirua: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Truke-bitarteko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truke-bitarteko (sortu gabe)">truke bitarteko</a> bat, balio neurri komun bat (edo <a href="/wiki/Kontu-unitate" title="Kontu-unitate">kontu unitate</a> bat), balio estandar bat (edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordainketa_geroratuko_estandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordainketa geroratuko estandar (sortu gabe)">ordainketa geroratuko estandar</a> bat) eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balio-gordailu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balio-gordailu (sortu gabe)">balio gordailu</a> bat. 1919 inguruan, Jevonsen diruaren lau funtzioak honela laburtu diren <a href="/wiki/Kuple" title="Kuple">kuple</a> batean:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Dirua lau funtziotako kontua da,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Bitarteko bat, neurri bat, patroi bat, gordailu bat.</span> </p> </div> <p>Kuple hau famatu egin zen XX. mende hasierako testu liburuetan.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Testuliburu moderno gehienek orain hiru funtzio baino ez dituzte zerrendatzen, truke bitartekoa, kontu unitatea eta balio gordailua, ordainketa geroratuko estandar bat funtzio bereizitzat hartu gabe, baizik eta beste funtzio batzuetan murgilduz.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eztabaida historiko asko izan dira diruaren funtzioen konbinazioari buruz, batzuek argudiatuz bereizketa handiagoa behar dutela eta unitate bakar bat ez dela nahikoa guztiak tratatzeko. Argudio horietako bat da diruak trukerako bitarteko gisa duen funtzioa eta balio gordailu gisa duen funtzioa gatazkan sartzen direla: balio gordailu gisa duen funtzioak hura gastatu gabe gordetzea eskatzen du, eta trukerako bitarteko gisa duen funtzioak, berriz, zirkulatzea.<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-20230526110814_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-20230526110814-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beste batzuek argudiatzen dute balioa biltegiratzea trukea atzeratzea baino ez dela, baina ez du murrizten dirua trukerako bitarteko bat izatea, espazioan zein denboran zehar garraiatu daitekeena. <i>Finantza kapitala</i> terminoa orokorragoa eta inklusiboagoa da tresna likido guztientzat, berdin onartutako legezko erabilerako moneta izan edo ez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Truke_bitarteko">Truke bitarteko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Truke bitarteko»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Truke bitarteko"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dirua ondasunak eta zerbitzuak trukatzeko erabiltzen denean, eginkizun bat betetzen ari da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Truke-bitarteko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truke-bitarteko (sortu gabe)">truke bitarteko</a> gisa. Horrela, truke sistema baten eraginkortasunik ezak saihesten ditu, hala nola «desiren bat etortzea» etengabe bermatzeko ezintasuna. Adibidez, truke sistema bateko bi zatiren artean, baliteke zati batek ez izatea edo fabrikatzea besteak nahi duen artikulua, eta horrek adierazten du desiren bat ez datorrela bat. Elkartrukerako bide bat izateak arazo hori arindu dezake, lehenengoak bere denbora beste artikulu batzuei eskaintzeko askatasuna izan baitezake, bigarrenaren beharrei bakarrik erantzutera behartuta egon beharrean. Bitartean, bigarrenek truke bidea erabil dezakete nahi duten artikulua emango dien norbait bilatzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontu_unitatea">Kontu unitatea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontu unitatea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Kontu unitatea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kontu-unitate" title="Kontu-unitate">Kontu unitatea</a> zenbakizko neurketa estandar bat da, ekonomian, ondasunen, zerbitzuen eta bestelako transakzioen merkatuko balioa neurtzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balio erlatiboaren eta ordainketa geroratuaren «neurri» edo «estandar» gisa ere ezaguna denez, kontu unitate bat zorraren merkataritza hitzarmenak formulatzeko beharrezko aurrebaldintza da. Dirua neurri estandar gisa eta merkataritzaren ohiko izena da. Hori dela eta, prezioen aipamen eta negoziazioaren oinarria da. Beharrezkoa da kontabilitate sistema efizienteak garatzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordainketa_geroratuko_estandarra">Ordainketa geroratuko estandarra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ordainketa geroratuko estandarra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Ordainketa geroratuko estandarra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordainketa_geroratuko_estandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordainketa geroratuko estandar (sortu gabe)">Ordainketa geroratuko estandarra</a> testuen bidez bereizten den bitartean,<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-20230526110814_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-20230526110814-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bereziki zaharrenak, beste testu batzuek beste funtzio batzuen menpe ezartzen dute. «Ordainketa geroratuko estandarra» zorra finkatzeko modu onargarri bat da, zorrak izendatzen dituen unitate bat, eta kontzeptu horri erabiltzen duten jurisdikzioko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legezko_erabilera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legezko erabilera (sortu gabe)">dirua legezkoa</a> den moduan, zorrak ezabatzeko funtzioa bete dezakeela ezartzen da. Zorrak dirutan izendatzen direnean, zorraren benetako balioa inflazioa eta <a href="/wiki/Deflazio" title="Deflazio">deflazioa</a> dela eta, zorpetze subiranoaren eta nazioarteko zorraren eta <a href="/wiki/Debaluazio" title="Debaluazio">debaluazio</a> bidez aldatu daiteke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balio_gordailu">Balio gordailu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Balio gordailu»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Balio gordailu"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balio-gordailu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balio-gordailu (sortu gabe)">Balio gordailu</a> gisa jarduteko, dirua modu fidagarrian gordetzeko, biltegiratzeko eta berreskuratzeko gai izan behar du, eta berreskuratzean truke bide gisa erabilgarria izan behar da. Diruaren balioa egonkor mantendu behar da denboran zehar. Zenbaitek <a href="/wiki/Inflazio" title="Inflazio">inflazioa</a>, diruaren balioa murriztuz gero, diruak balore depositu gisa duen gaitasuna gutxitu egiten dela argudiatu dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ezaugarriak">Ezaugarriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezaugarriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ezaugarriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Funtzio ezberdinak betetzeko, diruak zenbait ezaugarri izan behar ditu: </p> <ul><li><b>suntsikortasuna</b>: unitate indibidualek elkar ordezkatzeko gaitasuna izan behar dute (hau da, trukatzea).</li> <li><b>iraunkortasuna</b>: erabilera errepikakorra jasateko gaitasuna.</li> <li><b>eramangarritasuna</b>: garraiatzeko erraztasuna.</li> <li><b>aitortzeko ahalmena</b>: bere balioa erraz identifikatu behar da.</li> <li><b>balioaren egonkortasuna</b>: bere balioa ez litzateke aldatu beharko.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diru_motak">Diru motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Diru motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Diru motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gauzazko_dirua">Gauzazko dirua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gauzazko dirua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Gauzazko dirua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Gauzazko_diru" title="Gauzazko diru">Gauzazko diru</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Manillaokhapo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Manillaokhapo.JPG/220px-Manillaokhapo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Manillaokhapo.JPG/330px-Manillaokhapo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Manillaokhapo.JPG/440px-Manillaokhapo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brontze" title="Brontze">Brontzezko</a> <i>okpoho</i> bat, <a href="/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Afrika" title="Mendebaldeko Afrika">Mendebaldeko Afrikan</a> gauzazko diru gisa erabili zena 1940ko hamarkadara arte.</figcaption></figure> <p>Objektu asko <a href="/wiki/Gauzazko_diru" title="Gauzazko diru">gauzazko diru</a> gisa erabili izan dira, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Metal_preziatu" title="Metal preziatu">metal preziatuak</a>, berez urriak, animalia <a href="/wiki/Maskor" title="Maskor">maskorrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garagar" title="Garagar">garagarra</a>, kontuak, etab., baita konbentzio sozialak balioa dutela dioen beste gauza asko ere. Gauzazko diruaren balioa bera egiteko beharrezkoa den materialetik dator. Gauza bera da dirua osatzen duena, eta dirua da salerosten den gauza.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hona hemen gauzako diru gisa erabili diren merkantzien adibideak: <a href="/wiki/Urre" title="Urre">urrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zilar" title="Zilar">zilarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arroz" title="Arroz">arroza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wampum" title="Wampum">wampum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gatz_arrunt" title="Gatz arrunt">gatza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piperbeltz" title="Piperbeltz">piperbeltz</a> aleak, <a href="/wiki/Harri" title="Harri">harri</a> handiak, <a href="/wiki/Gerriko" title="Gerriko">gerriko</a> apainduak, maskorrak, <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zigarreta" title="Zigarreta">zigarroak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanabis">kanabisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gozoki" title="Gozoki">gozokiak</a> eta abar. Artikulu horiek batzuetan balio handiko metrika batean erabiltzen ziren, beste batzuekin batera, salgaiak baloratzeko hainbat ekonomiatan edo prezio sistemetan. Gauzazko diruaren erabilera trukearen antzekoa da, baina gauzazko diru batek kontu sinple eta automatikoko unitate bat ematen du diru gisa erabiltzen den salgaiarentzat. Nahiz eta urrezko txanpon batzuk, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krugerrand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krugerrand (sortu gabe)">Krugerrand</a> adibidez, legezko erabileratzat jotzen diren, ez da haien balio nominala monetaren alde bakar batean ere erregistratzen. Horren arrazoia zera da, urre fineko edukiaren indarreko balioarekin duen lotura zuzena azpimarratzen dela.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrano_amerikar_(moneta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrano amerikar (moneta) (sortu gabe)">Arrano amerikarrek</a> urrezko edukia eta legezko erabilerako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurpegi-balio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurpegi-balio (sortu gabe)">aurpegi balioa</a> dituzte inprimatuta.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erabilera_legaleko_dirua">Erabilera legaleko dirua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erabilera legaleko dirua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Erabilera legaleko dirua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diru formatu bat baino gehiago da, hau da, herrialde jakin batzuetako banku zentralek edo moneta etxeek, hala nola, autoritate edo gorputzek emandako ahalmenak emandako moneta guztiak. Lege dirua komunitate baten kide guztiek onartzen dute eta, gainera, agintariek babestu egiten dute. Legez kanpoko dirua da, laguntza hori falta duen edonork eta gutxieneko fabrikazio jarraibideak betetzen ez dituena. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erabilera_legaleko_diru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erabilera legaleko diru (sortu gabe)">Erabilera legaleko dirua</a> <a href="/wiki/Lege" title="Lege">legez</a> <a href="/wiki/Hartzekodun" title="Hartzekodun">hartzekodun</a> batek ordainketa moduan onartu behar duen duen dirua da, ordainketarako uko egin ezin diezaiokeena. Historian, erabilera legaleko dirua herrialdeko txanponak eta billeteak izan dira.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agirizko_dirua">Agirizko dirua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Agirizko dirua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Agirizko dirua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:English_1956_Westminster_Bank_cheque_of_Doris_Ogilvie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/English_1956_Westminster_Bank_cheque_of_Doris_Ogilvie.jpg/220px-English_1956_Westminster_Bank_cheque_of_Doris_Ogilvie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/English_1956_Westminster_Bank_cheque_of_Doris_Ogilvie.jpg/330px-English_1956_Westminster_Bank_cheque_of_Doris_Ogilvie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/English_1956_Westminster_Bank_cheque_of_Doris_Ogilvie.jpg/440px-English_1956_Westminster_Bank_cheque_of_Doris_Ogilvie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption>Agirizko dirua (txekea)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agirizko_diru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agirizko diru (sortu gabe)">Agirizko dirua</a> <a href="/wiki/Txeke" title="Txeke">txekez</a> edo beste agiri batez ordainketa ziurtatzen duen agiria da, bereziki bankuko gordailu baten bermeaz. Banku dirua banku gordailuetan dagoen diru guztia da; aukeratutako definizioa zein den kontu korronteak eta berehalako <a href="/wiki/Likidezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Likidezia">likidezia</a> duten beste gordailuak soilik edo eperako gordailuak ere sartzen dira banku diruaren definizioan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banku_dirua">Banku dirua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Banku dirua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Banku dirua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bankuek, erakunde finantzarioek edo pribatuek sortzen dute, ia beti barneko logikaren pean eta momentu jakin batzuetan bezeroek kontratatutako kredituak irudikatzen dituena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diru_elektronikoa">Diru elektronikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Diru elektronikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Diru elektronikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XX. mendeko azken hamarkadetan bankuko gordailuak eta horien gaineko eragiketak informazio teknologien bitartez antolatzen hasi ziren. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru_elektroniko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diru elektroniko (sortu gabe)">Diru elektronikoak</a>, mendearen bukaeran, berrikuntza nabarmena ekarri zuen: diru balioa gailu elektronikoetan (txipa duten txartelen bitartez edo <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> egokia baliatuz online ordenagailuak baliatuz) gorde eta baliatzeko ekarri zuen, ordainketak diru elektroniko horren jaulkitzaileak ez diren pertsona eta erakundeei zuzenean egiteko aukera emanez.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erabilera legaleko diru unitateetan neurtzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tokiko_dirua">Tokiko dirua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Tokiko dirua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Tokiko dirua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Bristolpound.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bristolpound.jpg/220px-Bristolpound.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bristolpound.jpg/330px-Bristolpound.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bristolpound.jpg/440px-Bristolpound.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i>Bristolpound</i>, Ingalaterrako <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> hiriko tokiko dirua.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tokiko_moneta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokiko moneta">Tokiko moneta</a> antolakuntza jakin parte hartzen duten erakundeek leku jakin batean erabil daitekeela adosten duten diru mota bat da. Tokiko diruak moneta nazional baten txanpon osagarri gisa jokatzen du, ordezkatu beharrean, eta horietako bat da, adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_(Euskal_Moneta)" title="Eusko (Euskal Moneta)">Euskoa</a>, Ipar Euskal Herrian XXI. mendean zabalkundea lortu duen tokiko dirua. Tokiko diruaren helburua da komunitate baten barruan gastua sustatzea, batez ere tokiko enpresekin lotura eginez; euskoaren kasuan, euro baten baliokidea da, eta demagun, Lapurdiko adibidezko denda batean, Euskal Moneta erakundearen barruan bada, berdin ordain dezakezu produktu bat 10 eurotan edo 10 euskotan, baina jakin dakizu euskotan ordainduz gero, diru hori berriz ere tokiko beste zerbitzuetan edo produktuetan berrerabiliko dela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Euskoaren_ezaugarriak">Euskoaren ezaugarriak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Euskoaren ezaugarriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Euskoaren ezaugarriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Eusko_afixa_2014_001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Eusko_afixa_2014_001.JPG/220px-Eusko_afixa_2014_001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Eusko_afixa_2014_001.JPG/330px-Eusko_afixa_2014_001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Eusko_afixa_2014_001.JPG/440px-Eusko_afixa_2014_001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Euskoaren erabilera sustatzeko afixa, 2014.</figcaption></figure> <p>Euskoa zentimotan zatitzen ez den dirua da, eta <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euroaren</a> balio bera du. Hala, erabiltzerako orduan, produktu baten prezioaren euro osoak euskoekin ordain daitezke, baina zentimoak <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">eurotan</a> ordaindu behar dira. Adibidez, 3,50 euroko produktu bat <b>3 eusko</b> eta <b>50 euro zentimo</b>ren truke eskura daiteke. </p><p>Tokiko diruaren erabilera bultzatzea helburu, dirua <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">eurotik</a> eta euskora aldatzean 1 € = 1 EUSKO trukea aplikatzen da. Aldiz, euskotik eurora diru aldaketa egitean, balioaren % 5 kenduko zaio, hau da, eusko baten truke 0,95 euro eskuratuko ditugu. Hala, euskoa dirutzat erabiltzen jarraitzea bultzatu nahi da. <a href="/wiki/Diru-paper" title="Diru-paper">Diru paperak</a> ere baditu euskoak.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diru_birtuala">Diru birtuala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Diru birtuala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Diru birtuala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diru birtuala pertsona, talde edo erakunde batek asmatu eta kudeatutako dirua da, modu formal edo informalean komunitate baten baitan onartu eta erabilia; adibidez, beherapenak izan eta opariak jasotzeko paperezko kupoiak diru birtuala direla esan daiteke, egun diru birtual sistema gehienak digitalak badira ere. Kupoi horien kasuan, norabide bakarreko dirua da, dirua beherapenak eta opariak izateko soilik erabil daitekeelako, baina badira baino bada bi norabideko diru birtuala, non pertsonek diru birtuala eman eta jaso ere egin dezaketen. Beste irizpide bati jarraiki, diru birtuala itxia, komunitateko produktuak trukatzeko soilik erabil daitekeenean (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft"><i>World of Warcraft</i></a> jokoko dirua), eta irekia, komunitateaz gaindiko produktuak truka daitezkeenean, izan daiteke. Bihurgarria ere izan daiteke, beste txanpon batekin truka daitekeenean.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kriptodirua">Kriptodirua</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kriptodirua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Kriptodirua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kriptomoneta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kriptomoneta">Kriptodirua</a> <a href="/wiki/Kriptografia" title="Kriptografia">kriptografia</a> erabiliz online sortu, baliatu eta balidatu egiten den diru birtuala da. Kriptodiruaren sorrera publikoa eta gardena da eta inongo erakundek edo pertsonak ezin du diruaren sorrera mugatu edo azkartu, diruaren sistema era independentean loturiko hainbat ordenagailuk kudeatzen baitute. Lehenengo kriptodirua <i><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">bitcoin</a></i> izan zen, 2009 urtean sortua, irekia eta bihurgarria. Bitcoin diru sistema ez dago zentralizaturik eta diruaren erabilera okerra eragiketak gehiengo baten onespenaz balidatu behar da. <i>Bitcoin</i> ondoren, beste hainbat kriptodiru sistema sortu da.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> izan zen menduko lehen herrialdea kriptodirua (<a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">bitcoin</a>) legezko moneta gisa onartu zuena, 2021eko irailaren 7an.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Geroztik, <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Erdiko_Errepublika" title="Afrika Erdiko Errepublika">Afrika Erdiko Errepublikak</a> 2023ko apirilaren 27an jakinarazi zuen bitcoin kriptodiruak legezko zirkulazioa izango zuela herrialdean.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMishkin2006">Mishkin, Frederic S..  (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/831148261"><i>The economics of money, banking, and financial markets. </i></a> (8th ed. argitaraldia) Pearson/Addison Wesley <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-321-28726-6" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-321-28726-6">0-321-28726-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=831148261">831148261</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSmithin2000">Smithin, John N..  (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MDU-NTEJziMC&pg=PA47"><i>What is Money?. </i></a> Routledge <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0-415-20690-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0-415-20690-7">978-0-415-20690-7</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMankiw2007">Mankiw, N. Gregory.  (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70257399"><i>Macroeconomics. </i></a> (6th ed. argitaraldia) Worth Publishers <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-7167-6213-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-7167-6213-7">0-7167-6213-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=70257399">70257399</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-04)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMauss,_Marcel2011"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mauss" title="Marcel Mauss">Mauss, Marcel</a>.  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(2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/498938737"><i>Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes. </i></a> Centre international d'étude du XVIIIe siècle <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2845590533" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2845590533">978-2845590533</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSay1848">Say, Jean-Baptiste.  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(1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/690639052"><i>Histoires Vol. I-II. </i></a> Boston: James Munroe and Company</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316034754/http://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html">«World's Oldest Coin - First Coins»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-03-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre2023-08-18">UNESCO World Heritage Centre.  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(2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/872670638"><i>The Roman Empire at bay, AD 180-395. </i></a> Routledge <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1315882567" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1315882567">978-1315882567</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGalbraith2018">Galbraith, John Kenneth.  (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1038178079"><i>Money: Whence It Came, Where It Went. </i></a> Princeton: Princeton University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1400889082" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1400889082">978-1400889082</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Alemanez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Alemanez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGesell2009">Gesell, Silvio.  (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/838052427"><i>Die natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung durch Freiland und Freigeld. </i></a> Kiel: Gaucke, Verl. für Sozialökonomie <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-3879984213" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-3879984213">978-3879984213</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWood2008">Wood, Frances.  (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/181601413"><i>China's First Emperor and His Terracotta Warriors. </i></a> New York: St. Martin's Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0312381127" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0312381127">978-0312381127</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFlynnGiráldez2002">Flynn, Dennis O.; Giráldez, Arturo.  (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20078977">«Cycles of Silver: Global Economic Unity through the Mid-Eighteenth Century»</a> <i>Journal of World History</i> 13 (2): 391–427. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1045-6007">1045-6007</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJohn_Walker1941">John Walker.  (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279267"><i>A Catalogue Of The Muhammadan Coins In The British Museum. </i></a> web.archive.org <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBompaire2014-09-01">Bompaire, Marc.  (2014-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/ashp/1606">«Numismatique et économie monétaire de l’Occident médiéval et moderne»</a> <i>Annuaire de l'École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Section des sciences historiques et philologiques. Résumés des conférences et travaux</i> (145): 191–196.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Fashp.1606">10.4000/ashp.1606</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0766-0677">0766-0677</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Italieraz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Italieraz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLuzzatto1995">Luzzatto, Gino.  (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books/about/Storia_economica_di_Venezia_dall_XI_al_X.html?id=ru4UAQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y"><i>Storia economica di Venezia dall'XI al XVI secolo. </i></a> Marsilio <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-88-317-6043-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-88-317-6043-0">978-88-317-6043-0</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFrancisco_Olmos2005">Francisco Olmos, José María de.  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6517370">«La evolución de la tipología monetaria en Castilla y América durante el siglo XVI»</a> <i>IV Jornadas Científicas sobre Documentación de Castilla e Indias en el siglo XVI, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/8468938041" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 84-689-3804-1</a>, págs. 87-140</i> (Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas): 87–140. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-84-689-3804-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-84-689-3804-2">978-84-689-3804-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLeroy-Beaulieu1896">Leroy-Beaulieu, Paul.  (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NO4m8c5xMiMC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Paul+Leroy-Beaulieu%22&hl=gl"><i>Traité théorique et pratique d'économie politique. </i></a> Guillaumin <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFonds_Monétaire_International2023-09-22">Fonds Monétaire International.  (2023-09-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922161846/https://www.imf.org/fr/Publications/fandd/issues/2023/03/gold-silver-monetary-stability-johannes-wiegand">«L'or, l'argent et la stabilité monétaire»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221212094031/http://www.cvce.eu/recherche/unit-content/-/unit/ba6ac883-7a80-470c-9baa-8f95b8372811/549d9c55-3fcc-4671-b908-43e1c1b64efd">«Contexte monétaire international de l'après-guerre - Une relecture du rapport Werner du 8 octobre 1970 à la lumière des archives familiales Pierre Werner - CVCE Website»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2022-12-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705185938/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/thirties-britain/going-gold/">«Going off gold - The National Archives»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-07-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Historian2023-08-17">Office of the Historian.  (2023-08-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230817200814/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/nixon-shock">«Nixon and the End of the Bretton Woods System, 1971–1973»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHelm1977">Helm, George.  (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618125820/http://www.princeton.edu/~ies/IES_Essays/E120.pdf"><i>Jamaica and the Par-Value System. </i></a> Princeton: web.archive.org <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span> <span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFOrtíz_Soto2001">Ortíz Soto, Oscar Luis.  (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.es/books?id=3jEFjaHPM8MC&printsec=frontcover&hl=es#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>El dinero: la teoría, la política y las instituciones. </i></a>, 17-24 or.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRallo2014">Rallo, Juan Ramón.  (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427194553/https://juanramonrallo.com/el-origen-evolutivo-del-dinero/"><i>El origen evolutivo del dinero. </i></a> web.archive.org <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFIkeda2008">Ikeda, Yukihiro.  (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1028757398"><i>Carl Menger’s Monetary Theory: A Revisionist View. </i></a> London: Routledge</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTcherneva2006">Tcherneva, Pavlina R..  (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/62324979">«Chartalism and the tax-driven approach money»</a> <i>A handbook of alternative monetary economics</i> (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1843769156" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1843769156">978-1843769156</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMilnes1919">Milnes, Alfred.  (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22790"><i>The Economic Foundations Of Reconstruction. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDwivedi2001">Dwivedi, D. N..  (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55691443"><i>Macroeconomics : theory and policy. </i></a> Tata McGraw-Hill <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-07-463588-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-07-463588-3">0-07-463588-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=55691443">55691443</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMankiw2007">Mankiw, N. Gregory.  (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70257399"><i>Macroeconomics. </i></a> (6th ed. argitaraldia) Worth Publishers <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-7167-6213-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-7167-6213-7">0-7167-6213-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=70257399">70257399</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKrugman2015">Krugman, Paul R..  (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/915136435"><i>Economics. </i></a> (Fourth edition. argitaraldia) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-4641-4384-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-4641-4384-7">978-1-4641-4384-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=915136435">915136435</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAbel2005">Abel, Andrew B..  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52943097"><i>Macroeconomics. </i></a> (5th ed. argitaraldia) Pearson/Addison Wesley <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-321-16212-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-321-16212-9">0-321-16212-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=52943097">52943097</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-20230526110814-38">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-20230526110814_38-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-20230526110814_38-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGreco2001">Greco, Thomas H..  (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47177016"><i>Money : understanding and creating alternatives to legal tender. </i></a> Chelsea Green Pub <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/1-890132-37-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/1-890132-37-3">1-890132-37-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=47177016">47177016</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521070323/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mediumofexchange.asp">«Medium of Exchange: Definition, How It Works, and Example»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-05-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018115939/https://www.boundless.com/business/textbooks/boundless-business-textbook/the-functions-of-money-and-banking-21/money-as-a-tool-123/functions-of-money-568-3194/">«Functions of Money»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2015-10-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFVon_Mises1980">Von Mises, Ludwig.  (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/820843029"><i>The theory of money and credit. </i></a> Liberty Classics <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-61487-842-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-61487-842-1">978-1-61487-842-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=820843029">820843029</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722234722/http://www.randrefinery.com/products_krugerrands.htm">«Products - Krugerrands»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2013-07-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820232134/http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/american_eagles/index.cfm?flash=no&action=American_Eagle_Gold">«The United States Mint · About The Mint»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2016-08-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-05-05)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709185800/https://retos-directivos.eae.es/tipos-de-dinero-del-fiduciario-al-dinero-electronico/">«Tipos de dinero: del fiduciario al dinero electrónico | EAE»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-07-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230811185312/https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/money_credit_banking/electronic_money/html/index.en.html">«Electronic Money»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-08-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807104539/https://www.enbata.info/articles/leusko-est-devenuela-plus-importantemonnaie-locale-deurope/">«L’eusko est devenue la plus importante monnaie locale d’Europe»</a> <i>Enbata</i> (web.archive.org) 2023-08-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuropean_Central_Bank2012">European Central Bank.  (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831074213/https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf">«Virtual Currency Schemes»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-9289908627" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-9289908627">978-9289908627</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBarberBoyenShiUzun2012">Barber, Simon; Boyen, Xavier; Shi, Elaine; Uzun, Ersin.  (2012). Keromytis, Angelos D. ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-32946-3_29">«Bitter to Better — How to Make Bitcoin a Better Currency»</a> <i>Financial Cryptography and Data Security</i> (Springer): 399–414.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-32946-3_29">10.1007/978-3-642-32946-3_29</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-3-642-32946-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-3-642-32946-3">978-3-642-32946-3</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRTVE2021-09-07">RTVE.  (2021-09-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922133448/https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210907/bitcoin-salvador/2169208.shtml">«El Salvador es el primer país del mundo en adoptar el bitcoin como moneda legal»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628175505/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61565485">«Why the Central African Republic adopted Bitcoin - BBC News»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-06-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-09-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diru&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dibisa" title="Dibisa">Dibisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingalaterrako_Bankua" title="Ingalaterrako Bankua">Ingalaterrako Bankua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estatu_Batuetako_Lehenengo_Bankua" title="Estatu Batuetako Lehenengo Bankua">Estatu Batuetako Lehenengo Bankua</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 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href="https://eu.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dirua" class="extiw" title="q:Dirua">Dirua</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4019889-3">4019889-3</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85086790">sh85086790</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564460">00564460</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115711">ph115711</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300037316">300037316</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_Aragonesa" title="Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa">GEA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=4687">4687</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/047970">047970</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/money">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1368">Q1368</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Money">Money</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q1368%22">Q1368</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikiesanak" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Aipu famatuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://eu.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dirua" class="extiw" title="q:Dirua">Dirua</a></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diru-ikurrak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Diru-ikurrak" title="Txantiloi:Diru-ikurrak"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Diru-ikurrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Diru-ikurrak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Diru-ikurrak&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diru-ikurrak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Diru</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ikur" title="Ikur">ikurrak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zirkulazioan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd nounderlines" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:150%"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Thailandiar_baht" title="Thailandiar baht">฿</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Balboa" title="Balboa">B/.</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bielorrusiar_errublo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bielorrusiar errublo (sortu gabe)">Br</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghanatar_cedi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghanatar cedi (sortu gabe)">₵</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Zentabo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentabo">¢</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikaraguar_c%C3%B3rdoba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikaraguar córdoba (sortu gabe)">C$</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Col%C3%B3n_(txanpona)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colón (txanpona) (sortu gabe)">₡</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazedoniar_dinar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazedoniar dinar (sortu gabe)">ден.</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamdar_dong" title="Vietnamdar dong">₫</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armeniar_dram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armeniar dram (sortu gabe)">֏</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Florin" title="Florin">ƒ</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hungariar_forint" title="Hungariar forint">Ft</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gourde" title="Gourde">G</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_(dirua)" title="Guarani (dirua)">₲</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hryvnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hryvnia (sortu gabe)">₴</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txekiar_koruna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txekiar koruna (sortu gabe)">Kč</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Laostar_kip" class="mw-redirect" title="Laostar kip">₭</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albaniar_lek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albaniar lek (sortu gabe)">L</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lempira_(dirua)" title="Lempira (dirua)">L</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swazilandiar_lilangeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swazilandiar lilangeni (sortu gabe)">L / E</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Libera_esterlina" title="Libera esterlina">£ / ₤</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bulgariar_lev" title="Bulgariar lev">лв.</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigeriar_naira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigeriar naira (sortu gabe)">₦</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filipinar_peso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filipinar peso (sortu gabe)">₱</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Botswanar_pula" title="Botswanar pula">P</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ketzal_(dirua)" title="Ketzal (dirua)">Q</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hegoafrikar_rand" title="Hegoafrikar rand">R</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Irandar_rial" title="Irandar rial">﷼</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanbodiar_riel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanbodiar riel (sortu gabe)">៛</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ringgit" title="Ringgit">RM</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Errupia_indonesiar" title="Errupia indonesiar">Rp</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Serbiar_dinar" title="Serbiar dinar">RSD/РСД</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Errupia_indiar" title="Errupia indiar">₹</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Errupia_mauriziar" title="Errupia mauriziar">₨</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sol_(dirua)" title="Sol (dirua)">S/</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladeshtar_taka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangladeshtar taka (sortu gabe)">৳</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Erreal_brasildar" title="Erreal brasildar">R$</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/$" class="mw-disambig" title="$">$</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Portugaldar_ezkutu" title="Portugaldar ezkutu"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {S} \!\!\!\Vert }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {S} \!\!\!\Vert }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8f85ec5f1c5816016c0d1e8986a965baa4193abc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.294ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {S} \!\!\!\Vert }"></span></a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Shekel_berria" class="mw-redirect" title="Shekel berria">₪</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakhstandar_tenge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazakhstandar tenge (sortu gabe)">₸</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongoliar_t%C3%B6gr%C3%B6g&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongoliar tögrög (sortu gabe)">₮</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Turkiar_lira" title="Turkiar lira">₺</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatuar_vatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanuatuar vatu (sortu gabe)">VT</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Won" title="Won">₩</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Yen" title="Yen">¥</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Poloniar_z%C5%82oty" class="mw-redirect" title="Poloniar złoty">zł</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historikoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even nounderlines" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:150%"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Austral_argentinar" title="Austral argentinar">₳</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brasiliar_cruzeiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brasiliar cruzeiro (sortu gabe)">₢</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfennig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfennig (sortu gabe)">₰</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Alemaniar_marko" title="Alemaniar marko">DM</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Greziar_drakma" title="Greziar drakma">₯</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecu">₠</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Frantziar_libera" title="Frantziar libera">₣</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perutar_inti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perutar inti (sortu gabe)">I/.</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txekoslovakiar_koroa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txekoslovakiar koroa (sortu gabe)">Kčs</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltar_lira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maltar lira (sortu gabe)">Lm</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alemaniar_urrezko_marko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alemaniar urrezko marko (sortu gabe)">ℳ</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_(txanpona)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill (txanpona) (sortu gabe)">₥</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Espainiar_pezeta" title="Espainiar pezeta">₧</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsmark (sortu gabe)">ℛℳ</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eslovakiar_koroa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eslovakiar koroa (sortu gabe)">Sk</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shekel_sign#Old_Israeli_shekel_.281980.E2.80.931985.29" title="Antzinako shekel"><img alt="Antzinako shekel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Old_Sheqel_sign.svg/12px-Old_Sheqel_sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="3" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Old_Sheqel_sign.svg/18px-Old_Sheqel_sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Old_Sheqel_sign.svg/24px-Old_Sheqel_sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="22" /></a></span> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesmilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spesmilo (sortu gabe)">₷</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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