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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古拉丁語時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古拉丁語時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>古拉丁語時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古拉丁語時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古典拉丁語時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古典拉丁語時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>古典拉丁語時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古典拉丁語時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近古時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近古時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>近古時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近古時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中世紀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中世紀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>中世紀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中世紀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-早現代時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早現代時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>早現代時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早現代時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代時期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代時期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>現代時期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代時期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考及註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考及註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考及註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考及註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">拉丁字母發展史</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。9种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_l%27alfabet_llat%C3%AD" title="Història de l'alfabet llatí – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història de l'alfabet llatí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of the Latin script" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_del_alfabeto_latino" title="Historia del alfabeto latino – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia del alfabeto latino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoaren_historia" title="Latindar alfabetoaren historia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Latindar alfabetoaren historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27alphabet_latin" title="Histoire de l'alphabet latin – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire de l'alphabet latin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_abecedarii_Latini" title="Historia abecedarii Latini – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Historia abecedarii Latini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_Latijnse_schrift" title="Geschiedenis van het Latijnse schrift – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van het Latijnse schrift" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%95%DF%8D%DF%B2%DF%AC_%DF%9B%DF%93%DF%8D%DF%9B%DF%8E%DF%B2_%DF%A0%DF%8A%DF%AB_%DF%98%DF%90%DF%AC%DF%9D%DF%90" title="ߟߊ߬ߕߍ߲߬ ߛߓߍߛߎ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߟߊ߬ߕߍ߲߬ ߛߓߍߛߎ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_alfabeto_latino" title="História do alfabeto latino – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História do alfabeto latino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3772237#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="字母的歷史" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background-color: #fafafa;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="字母的歷史" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="字母的歷史">字母的歷史</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="圣书体">古埃及聖書體</a> 前32世紀-5世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="青銅中期文化時期字母">青銅中期文化時期字母</a> 前19-15世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="乌加里特字母">乌加里特字母</a> 前15世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="原始迦南字母">原始迦南字母</a> 前15世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="腓尼基字母">腓尼基字母</a> 前12世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="古希伯來字母">古希伯來字母</a> 前10世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="撒马利亚字母">撒马利亚字母</a> 前6世紀</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉米字母">亞蘭字母</a> 前9世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%89%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%87" title="佉卢文">佉卢文</a> 前4世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%87" title="婆罗米文">婆羅米文</a> 前4世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="婆罗米系文字">婆羅米系文字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87" title="天城文">天城文</a> 13世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD%E7%BE%85%E6%96%87" title="僧伽羅文">僧伽羅文</a> 8世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E6%9B%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="悉曇文字">悉曇文</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a> 7世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%80%9D%E5%B7%B4%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="八思巴字母">八思巴字母</a> 13世紀</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E6%96%87" title="帕拉瓦文">帕拉瓦文</a> 6世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87" title="孟加拉文">孟加拉文</a> 11世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="泰文字">泰文字</a> 13世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E6%96%87" title="高棉文">高棉文</a> 611年</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E6%96%87" title="缅文">缅文</a> 1050年</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%92%BE%E6%96%87" title="老撾文">老撾文</a> 1350年</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希伯来字母">希伯来字母</a> 前3世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="敘利亞字母">敘利亞字母</a> 前2世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="粟特文">粟特文</a> 3世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="古突厥文">古突厥文</a> 6世纪</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%B9%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="回鹘字母">回鶻文</a> 8世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%A8%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="胡都木蒙古文">蒙古文</a> 1204年 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%96%87" title="满文">满文</a> 1599年</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%B4%E6%B3%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="納巴泰字母">納巴泰字母</a> 前2世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a> 4世紀</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿維斯陀字母" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Avestan alphabet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿維斯陀字母（页面不存在）">阿維斯陀字母</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" class="extiw" title="en:Avestan alphabet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Avestan alphabet</span></a></span>）</span></span> 4至6世紀</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希腊字母">希腊字母</a> 前9世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="古意大利字母">埃特魯斯坎字母</a> 前8世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a> 前7世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="盧恩字母">盧恩字母</a> 2世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%94%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="歐甘字母">歐甘字母</a> 4世紀</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="科普特字母">科普特字母</a> 3世纪</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="哥特字母">哥特字母</a> 3世紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="格鲁吉亚字母">格鲁吉亚字母</a> 4至5世纪</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="亞美尼亞字母">亞美尼亞字母</a> 405年</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%93%A5%E9%87%8C%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="格拉哥里字母">格拉哥里字母</a> 862年</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a> 10世紀</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="伊比利亞文字">伊比利亞文字</a> 前6世紀</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="南阿拉伯字母">南阿拉伯字母</a> 前9世紀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%8C%B2%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="吉茲字母">吉茲字母</a> 前5至6世紀<br /></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="麥羅埃字母">麥羅埃字母</a> 前3世紀</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字)">假名</a> 约800年</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a> 1446年</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="加拿大原住民音節文字">加拿大原住民音節文字</a> 1840年</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a> 1913年</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%96%87" title="彝文">彝文</a> 1980年部分规范后成为音节文字</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-off" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%88%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%B3%BB%E8%AD%9C" title="原始西奈文字系譜"><b>完整系譜</b></a></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><span>本模板：</span><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alphabet" title="Template:Alphabet"><span title="查看该模板">查看</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Alphabet（页面不存在）"><span title="讨论该模板">讨论</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Alphabet" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Alphabet"><span title="编辑该模板">编辑</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="古意大利字母">古意大利字母</a></div> <p>一般相信拉丁字母源於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a>西部分支<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E5%8D%91%E4%BA%9E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="優卑亞字母">優卑亞字母</a>。大約在公元前7世紀時，羅馬人從<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="古希腊人">古希臘人</a>在今日<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="南意大利">南意大利</a>建立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="古希臘殖民地">大希臘殖民地</a>的人民學會使用文字。這種源於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E9%82%81" title="庫邁">庫邁</a>城的古文字成為了當時剛冒現的各種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="古意大利字母">古意大利字母</a>的其中一員。 </p><p>根據羅馬的傳說，拉丁字母是由女預言家<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E6%8B%89" title="西比拉">西碧</a>的兒子<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Evander" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evander"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evander（页面不存在）">Evander</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evander" class="extiw" title="en:Evander"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evander</span></a></span>）</span></span>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="特洛伊戰爭">特洛伊戰爭</a>發生前的60年引進羅馬的。這種說法未有得到歷史的支持。 </p><p>從<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E9%82%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="庫邁字母">庫邁字母</a>中，古代的意大利人發展出<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%89%B9%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="埃特魯斯坎字母">埃特魯斯坎字母</a>。這套埃特魯斯坎字母有26個字母，而羅馬人從這26個字母中只採納了21個字母，成為了拉丁字母的雛型： </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #999; font-size:larger;" summary="Original Latin alphabet, in the modern equivalent letters"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanA-01.svg/24px-EtruscanA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanA-01.svg/36px-EtruscanA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanA-01.svg/48px-EtruscanA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanB-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EtruscanB-01.svg/24px-EtruscanB-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EtruscanB-01.svg/36px-EtruscanB-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EtruscanB-01.svg/48px-EtruscanB-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanC-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/24px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/36px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/48px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanD-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/EtruscanD-01.svg/24px-EtruscanD-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/EtruscanD-01.svg/36px-EtruscanD-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/EtruscanD-01.svg/48px-EtruscanD-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanE-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/EtruscanE-01.svg/24px-EtruscanE-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/EtruscanE-01.svg/36px-EtruscanE-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/EtruscanE-01.svg/48px-EtruscanE-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanF-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanF-01.svg/24px-EtruscanF-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanF-01.svg/36px-EtruscanF-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanF-01.svg/48px-EtruscanF-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanZ-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/EtruscanZ-01.svg/24px-EtruscanZ-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/EtruscanZ-01.svg/36px-EtruscanZ-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/EtruscanZ-01.svg/48px-EtruscanZ-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanH-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/EtruscanH-01.svg/24px-EtruscanH-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/EtruscanH-01.svg/36px-EtruscanH-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/EtruscanH-01.svg/48px-EtruscanH-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanI-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/EtruscanI-01.svg/24px-EtruscanI-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/EtruscanI-01.svg/36px-EtruscanI-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/EtruscanI-01.svg/48px-EtruscanI-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanK-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanK-01.svg/24px-EtruscanK-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanK-01.svg/36px-EtruscanK-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanK-01.svg/48px-EtruscanK-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanL-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/EtruscanL-01.svg/24px-EtruscanL-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/EtruscanL-01.svg/36px-EtruscanL-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/EtruscanL-01.svg/48px-EtruscanL-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanM-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EtruscanM-01.svg/24px-EtruscanM-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EtruscanM-01.svg/36px-EtruscanM-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EtruscanM-01.svg/48px-EtruscanM-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanN-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/EtruscanN-01.svg/24px-EtruscanN-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/EtruscanN-01.svg/36px-EtruscanN-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/EtruscanN-01.svg/48px-EtruscanN-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanO-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/EtruscanO-01.svg/24px-EtruscanO-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/EtruscanO-01.svg/36px-EtruscanO-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/EtruscanO-01.svg/48px-EtruscanO-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanP-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/EtruscanP-01.svg/24px-EtruscanP-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/EtruscanP-01.svg/36px-EtruscanP-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/EtruscanP-01.svg/48px-EtruscanP-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanQ-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EtruscanQ-01.svg/24px-EtruscanQ-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EtruscanQ-01.svg/36px-EtruscanQ-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EtruscanQ-01.svg/48px-EtruscanQ-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanR-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/EtruscanR-01.svg/24px-EtruscanR-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/EtruscanR-01.svg/36px-EtruscanR-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/EtruscanR-01.svg/48px-EtruscanR-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanS-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanS-01.svg/24px-EtruscanS-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanS-01.svg/36px-EtruscanS-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanS-01.svg/48px-EtruscanS-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanT-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/EtruscanT-01.svg/24px-EtruscanT-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/EtruscanT-01.svg/36px-EtruscanT-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/EtruscanT-01.svg/48px-EtruscanT-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanV-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/EtruscanV-01.svg/24px-EtruscanV-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/EtruscanV-01.svg/36px-EtruscanV-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/EtruscanV-01.svg/48px-EtruscanV-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanX-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/EtruscanX-01.svg/24px-EtruscanX-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/EtruscanX-01.svg/36px-EtruscanX-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/EtruscanX-01.svg/48px-EtruscanX-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>當中： </p> <ul><li>C用來表示<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/g/</span>，</li> <li>I用來表示<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/i/</span>及<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/j/</span>，</li> <li>V用來表示<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/u/</span>及<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/w/</span>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="古拉丁語時期"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E8.AA.9E.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>古拉丁語時期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：古拉丁語時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古拉丁語">古拉丁語</a></div> <p>由於一般人傾向使用<a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a>，它在這時期可以同時表示/g/和/k/，<a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>不受歡迎而邊緣化。 </p><p>大約在公元前3世紀時，<a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a>被放棄，而其位置則被<a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a>所取代。在這時候，/g/和/k/的载体又再变化：C現時只代表/k/，而G則只代表/g/。 </p><p>古拉丁语既可<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E5%8F%B3%E5%90%91%E5%B7%A6%E4%B9%A6%E5%86%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自右向左书写（页面不存在）">自右向左书写</a>亦可<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E8%A1%8C%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="折行书">折行书写</a>，而公元前1世纪起则基本自左向右书写。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #999; font-size:200%;" summary="Old Latin alphabet, in the modern equivalent letters"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="古典拉丁語時期"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E5.85.B8.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E8.AA.9E.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>古典拉丁語時期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：古典拉丁語時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="羅馬皇帝">羅馬皇帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E7%8B%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="克勞狄一世">克勞狄一世</a>在未登基前曾發明過三個<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E7%8B%84%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="克劳狄字母">新字母</a>，用來完善當時的拉丁字母<sup id="cite_ref-MUFI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUFI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這三個新字母在克勞狄登基後，亦曾一度通行，但在克勞狄死後就被人遺忘了。不過在公元前1世紀，當希臘被羅馬帝國征服之後，Y和Z分別被引進和再引進到拉丁字母中，並放置到最後。在這時，拉丁字母的成員擴展至23個： </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;">字母 </th> <th>A</th> <th>B</th> <th>C</th> <th>D</th> <th>E</th> <th>F</th> <th>G</th> <th>H</th> <th>I</th> <th>K</th> <th>L</th> <th>M </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;" lang="la">名稱 </th> <td><span lang="la">ā</span></td> <td><span lang="la">bē</span></td> <td><span lang="la">cē</span></td> <td><span lang="la">dē</span></td> <td><span lang="la">ē</span></td> <td><span lang="la">ef</span></td> <td><span lang="la">gē</span></td> <td><span lang="la">hā</span></td> <td><span lang="la">ī</span></td> <td><span lang="la">kā</span></td> <td><span lang="la">el</span></td> <td><span lang="la">em</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">發音 (以<a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-disambig" title="IPA">IPA</a>標音) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/aː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/beː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/keː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/deː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/eː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ef/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/geː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/haː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/iː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/kaː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/el/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/em/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">字母 </th> <th>N</th> <th>O</th> <th>P</th> <th>Q</th> <th>R</th> <th>S</th> <th>T</th> <th>V</th> <th>X</th> <th colspan="2">Y</th> <th>Z </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">名稱 </th> <td><span lang="la">en</span></td> <td><span lang="la">ō</span></td> <td><span lang="la">pē</span></td> <td><span lang="la">qū</span></td> <td><span lang="la">er</span></td> <td><span lang="la">es</span></td> <td><span lang="la">tē</span></td> <td><span lang="la">ū</span></td> <td><span lang="la">ex</span></td> <td colspan="2"><span lang="la">ī Graeca</span></td> <td><span lang="la">zēta</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">發音 (以<a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-disambig" title="IPA">IPA</a>標音) </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/en/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/oː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/peː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/kʷuː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/er/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/es/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/teː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/uː/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/eks/</span></td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/iː ˈgraika/</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈ<i>d</i>zeːta/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>有部份字母的名稱有爭議。一般來說，羅馬人並不會跟希臘人一樣使用傳統閃語族的字母名稱，而是有它的獨特命名法則： </p> <ol><li>除了C、K和Q以外，每個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a>之後接上<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/eː/</span>來作為字母的名稱，</li> <li>對於C、K和Q，三個字母用了不同的母音來分辨（這種做法亦演變成日後拉丁語系語言的拼寫法則），</li> <li>在每個<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="持續音">持續輔音</a>之前加上<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/e/</span>作名稱，</li> <li>所有母音以字母本身作名稱，</li> <li>對於兩個新加入的字母： <ol><li>Y字的名字最初估計是叫作「<i>hy</i>」（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/hyː/</span>），但後來改了作「<span lang="la"><i>i Graeca</i></span>」，意思就是「希臘人的i」。這很大可能是因為說拉丁語的人難以分辨<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/i/</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/y/</span>這兩個音。</li> <li>Z字採用原來的希臘語名稱，即<a href="/wiki/%CE%96" title="Ζ">zeta</a>。</li></ol></li></ol> <p>早期的文字都是在石碑或建築物上的銘刻。這種書體被稱為「銘刻體」。當文字抄寫在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="莎草紙">莎草紙</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%B8%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="獸皮書（页面不存在）">獸皮書</a>上時，因為抄寫工具的轉變，使字體亦跟隨作出相應的調整。這種書體，被稱為「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%97%E4%BF%97%E9%AB%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粗俗體大寫（页面不存在）">粗俗體大寫</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hocgracili.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Hocgracili.jpg/350px-Hocgracili.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Hocgracili.jpg/525px-Hocgracili.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Hocgracili.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="182" /></a><figcaption>公元100年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%8D%89%E6%9B%B8%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬草書體（页面不存在）">羅馬草書體</a>的複製本<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。內容："Hoc gracili currenteque / vix hodie patefactas / Romani tabulas ornarunt calamo" ("With this slender and running pen the Romans decorated writing tablets, which today scarcely have been brought to light.")</figcaption></figure> <p>「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%8D%89%E6%9B%B8%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬草書體（页面不存在）">羅馬草書體</a>」或「拉丁草書體」是一種於日常書信往來使用的字體，是從銘刻的大楷字體演變出來。一般用於商人在日常記帳、又或學童學習字母時、甚或羅馬帝皇在發司號令時使用。比較正式的書體有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%B9%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬方體（页面不存在）">羅馬方體</a>，但在非正式場合，草書體使用起來比較快捷。這種羅馬草書體從公元前1世紀到公元後3世紀通行，但相信在更早的時間就已存在。 </p><p>參看：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%97%E4%BF%97%E9%AB%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="粗俗體大寫（页面不存在）">粗俗體大寫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%B9%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬方體（页面不存在）">羅馬方體</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="近古時代"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E5.8F.A4.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>近古時代</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：近古時代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="晚期古希臘羅馬時代（页面不存在）">晚期古希臘羅馬時代</a>(亦作<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E5%8F%A4%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="近古時代（页面不存在）">近古時代</a>)，透過拉丁語作傳播媒體，拉丁字母的應用範圍隨着<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>的擴張亦從意大利半島擴展到環<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>地區；不過帝國的東部，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%9E%E7%B4%B0%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="小亞細亞">小亞細亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9" title="黎凡特">黎凡特</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>繼續沿用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>作<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語">通用語</a>。當通行拉丁語的帝國西部陷落以後，拉丁語繼續演化成為當地的本土語言，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利語">意大利語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E9%9A%86%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加泰隆尼亞語">加泰隆尼亞語</a>等各種<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅曼語族">羅曼語族</a>的語言。這些語言一直到現在還在使用拉丁字母。 </p><p>參看：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西哥德文字（页面不存在）">西哥德文字</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%8D%89%E6%9B%B8%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬草書體（页面不存在）">羅馬草書體</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中世紀"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80"></span>中世紀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：中世紀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大約在1300年左近，<a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a>才以一個獨立字母的姿態出現。 </p><p>另一方面，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E6%A5%B7%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小楷字體（页面不存在）">小楷字體</a>亦是在中世紀時期從<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%8D%89%E6%9B%B8%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新羅馬草書體（页面不存在）">新羅馬草書體</a>演變出來。大約在4世紀時，一種名為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%89%B2%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="安色爾字體">安色爾字體</a>」（又譯「安自爾字體」）的書體從大楷文字演變出來。這種文字後來又再演變成為了小楷文字的雛型。不過，古羅馬的文字在銘刻、正式的文件及需要強調的文字中依舊保留原來的風格。後來，大楷和小楷字體開始在文字裡分工：大楷字體只用於段落及句子的開首和專有名詞，而其他情況轉用了小楷。大小寫的規則隨着時代轉變及不同的語言而有所不同，直到現在亦如是。舉個例子：在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古英語">古英語</a>裡絕少看到專有名稱的第一個字母用大寫，但從18世紀開始的現代英語卻變得跟今日的德語一樣，所有名詞的第一個字母都用大寫。 </p><p>安色爾字體除了演化成後來的小楷文字以外，源自<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭">愛爾蘭</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B6%E9%A2%A8%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="島風字體（页面不存在）">島風字體</a>亦是從安色爾字體演化而來的。這種獨特的書體隨着<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="塞尔特人">塞爾特人</a>在歐洲的活動而傳播。直到今日，有不少<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E6%89%AE%E6%BC%94%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="角色扮演遊戲">角色扮演遊戲</a>都特意採用這種島風字體來塑做出一種中世紀的情懷。 </p><p>隨着拉丁文在歐洲大陸的傳播，拉丁文的應用變得廣泛。因此，不少常用的詞語或詞幹都被簡化，以使抄寫更便捷。這些各種簡化及變體，以及各種歐洲語言對拉丁文字的適應修改，都被後世統稱為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94" title="中古拉丁文字變體">中古拉丁文字變體</a> (Scribal abbreviation)<sup id="cite_ref-MUFI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUFI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a>生活的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a>人口本來一直都使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E5%B0%BC%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="如尼字母">如尼字母</a>，但自從<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a>的傳播，他們亦漸漸改用拉丁字母。這趨勢後來更影響到位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>周邊的其他民族的語言，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛語">立陶宛語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉脫維亞語">拉脫維亞語</a>，以及其他非<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a>的語言，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0-%E4%B9%8C%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="芬兰-乌戈尔语族">芬兰-乌戈尔语族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭語">芬蘭語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="愛沙尼亞語">愛沙尼亞語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利語">匈牙利語</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>時期，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西斯拉夫語族（页面不存在）">西斯拉夫語族</a>的語言人口亦採用了拉丁字母，包括了今日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="波蘭人">波蘭人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="捷克人">捷克人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="斯洛伐克人">斯洛伐克人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="斯洛維尼亞人">斯洛文尼亞人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅地亞人">克羅地亞人</a>等民族的祖先。這些民族在接納了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬天主教">羅馬天主教</a>的同時，亦接納了拉丁字母；相反的，他們在東部的兄弟民族─說<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東斯拉夫語族（页面不存在）">東斯拉夫語族</a>語言的民族，他們信奉<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a>，並使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a>。 </p><p>直到1492年，拉丁字母的應用仍然只在西歐、北歐及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中歐">中歐</a>；在東歐及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">東南歐</a>的人大多數都使用西里爾字母；東地中海地區說希臘語的民族依然在使用希臘字母；而隨着<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>的傳播，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a>在這些地區通行，不只<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="波斯">波斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼">印尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中亞">中亞</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>北部的人都在使用。在亞洲的其他地方，若不是使用從<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="婆罗米文字">婆羅米文字</a>演變出來的文字，就是在使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_of_minuscule.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Evolution_of_minuscule.svg/800px-Evolution_of_minuscule.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="575" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Evolution_of_minuscule.svg/1200px-Evolution_of_minuscule.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Evolution_of_minuscule.svg/1600px-Evolution_of_minuscule.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>簡化后的中世紀字體的演化</figcaption></figure> <p>參看：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E8%8D%89%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="卡洛林小草书体">卡洛林小草书体</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B6%E9%A2%A8%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="島風字體（页面不存在）">島風字體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%89%B2%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="安色爾字體">安色爾字體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94" title="中古拉丁文字變體">中古拉丁文字變體</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="早現代時期"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>早現代時期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：早現代時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大約在16世紀，<a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a>與<a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a>這兩個字母開始分化；雖然<a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a>與<a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a>的分化亦間中出現，但這分別要到18世紀才成為標準。 </p><p>隨着<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷術">印刷術</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>後期的傳播，拉丁字母的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="字體">字體</a>開始出現，都是根據中世紀時的多種小楷字體而設計的。 </p><p>參看：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="哥德体">哥德體</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="現代時期"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F"></span>現代時期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：現代時期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_alphabet_world_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Latin_alphabet_world_distribution.png/350px-Latin_alphabet_world_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Latin_alphabet_world_distribution.png/525px-Latin_alphabet_world_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Latin_alphabet_world_distribution.png/700px-Latin_alphabet_world_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>拉丁字母在世界的分佈。深綠色的部份是以拉丁字母為主要書體的國家，而淺綠色的是拉丁字母在當地與其他字母共存</figcaption></figure> <p>到了18世紀，拉丁字母的標準才跟我們現在所使用的相同，有26個不同的字母。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="殖民主義">殖民主義</a>時期，拉丁字母開始在全世界廣泛傳播，主要被用於書寫過往沒有文字的語言，特別是透過基督教的傳播，用於<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>的翻譯本上。透過這些活動，拉丁字母從歐洲傳播至南北<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>的部份及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>，伴隨着<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="荷語">荷語</a>的進入。 </p><p>到了18世紀後期，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="羅馬尼亞人">羅馬尼亞人</a>亦轉了使用拉丁字母：雖然<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞語">羅馬尼亞語</a>亦是羅曼語族的成員，但當時的羅馬尼亞人主要還是信奉東正教，直到18世紀之前，他們還一直在使用西里爾字母。另外，在法國管治下的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>亦採納了以拉丁字母為基礎的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="國語字">國語字</a>來書寫<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="越南語">越南語</a>，以取代過去使用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%96%83" class="mw-redirect" title="字喃">字喃</a>。拉丁字母亦成為了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="南島語系">南島語系</a>諸語的書寫系統：過往在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來群島">馬來群島</a>上各種語言都是使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a>或其各自從<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="婆罗米文字">婆羅米文字</a>演變而來的字母，到這時都轉用了拉丁字母，例如：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來語">馬來語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼語">印尼語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96%E5%8A%A0%E7%A5%BF%E8%AA%9E" title="他加祿語">他加祿語</a>等。 </p><p>1928年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="土耳其共和国">土耳其共和国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國父">國父</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E6%9C%AB%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E5%9C%9F%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔土克">穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔土克</a>為準備新成立的國家實施改革，決定採用拉丁字母來書寫<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="土耳其語">土耳其語</a>，以代替過往<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂圖曼帝國">鄂圖曼帝國</a>時代的阿拉伯字母。與此同時，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中亞">中亞</a>地區的突厥諸語都一同轉用一種約在1930年代成型的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="統一土耳其字母（页面不存在）">統一土耳其字母</a>。這些語言包括有：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%A1%94%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塔塔爾語">塔塔爾語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="巴什基爾語">巴什基爾語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿塞拜疆語">阿塞拜疆語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="哈薩克語">哈薩克語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="吉爾吉斯語">吉爾吉斯語</a>等。在1940年代，在前<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>總書記<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="斯大林">斯大林</a>的指令下，這些中亞地區的語言都改用了西里爾字母來書寫他們的語言。到了1991年蘇聯解體之後，這些地區有不少新成立的國家再度重新使用拉丁字母取代西里爾字母。這些新成立的國家計有：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E8%8C%B2%E5%88%A5%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="烏茲別克">烏茲別克</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="土庫曼">土庫曼</a>。 </p><p>1958年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>亦為<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>訂立了一套以拉丁字母為基礎的拼音方案，是為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="汉语拼音方案">漢語拼音方案</a>，以方便儿童以及外國人學習普通話。不過，在當地依然以漢字作為讀寫的主要形式。之后，也为少数民族制定了用拉丁字母书写的文字，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%96%87" class="mw-disambig" title="壮文">壮文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="布依文">布依文</a>等。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西斯拉夫語（页面不存在）">西斯拉夫語</a>及大多數<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南斯拉夫语">南斯拉夫語</a>都使用拉丁字母，而不是西里爾字母，或多或少反映了主流宗教對大眾的影響。當中，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭語">波蘭語</a>用上了好幾種特別的標音符及二字符字母來表示其獨特的語音，例如：<a href="/wiki/%C5%81" title="Ł">ł</a>(代表了一種近以/w/的音)。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克語">捷克語</a>，亦有使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Háček（页面不存在）">háček</a>(意思是：小鉤)來增加可用的字母。「háček」這個字本身就是源自捷克語。此外，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克羅地亞語">克羅地亞語</a>及拉丁化了的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="塞爾維亞語">塞爾維亞語</a>亦有採用加了「小鉤」的字母，例如：「č」、「š」、「ž」，以及加了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6" title="尖音符">尖音符</a>的<a href="/wiki/%C4%86" title="Ć">ć</a>和加了橫杠的<a href="/wiki/%C4%90" title="Đ">đ</a>。信奉東正教的國家一般使用西里爾字母，因為它與希臘字母比較相近。現時，塞爾維亞語同時在使用拉丁字母及西里爾字母兩套不同的書體系統。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參看"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E7.9C.8B"></span>參看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="字母發展史（页面不存在）">字母發展史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8D%E7%94%9F%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="衍生拉丁字母">衍生拉丁字母</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考及註釋"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E5.8F.8A.E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>參考及註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參考及註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Darrach_Halsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Darrach Halsey（页面不存在）">Halsey, William D.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colliersencyclop01shor/page/595">Collier's encyclopedia, with Bibliography and Index</a><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需要免费注册"><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span>. USA: The Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. 1965: 595.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft.aulast=Halsey&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+encyclopedia%2C+with+Bibliography+and+Index&rft.date=1965&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=595&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=The+Crowell-Collier+Publishing+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolliersencyclop01shor%2Fpage%2F595&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MUFI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MUFI_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MUFI_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (MUFI). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061129230050/http://www.mufi.info/standard/MUFI-CodeChart-2-0-i.pdf">MUFI character recommendation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2006-08-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-02-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mufi.info/standard/MUFI-CodeChart-2-0-i.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2006-11-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&rft.au=Medieval+Unicode+Font+Initiative+%28MUFI%29&rft.btitle=MUFI+character+recommendation&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mufi.info%2Fstandard%2FMUFI-CodeChart-2-0-i.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~metadata/bibliography/achievement/91/document/03_standard-big5/cdwa.PDF">後設資料國際標準中文化：藝術品描述類目(CDWA)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 台灣中央研究院數位典藏國家型科技計畫後設資料工作組. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-02-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616165323/https://www.sinica.edu.tw/~metadata/bibliography/achievement/91/document/03_standard-big5/cdwa.PDF">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2019-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%9A%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%93%81%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E9%A1%9E%E7%9B%AE%28CDWA%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%B8%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9E%8B%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E5%BE%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%B5%84&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinica.edu.tw%2F~metadata%2Fbibliography%2Fachievement%2F91%2Fdocument%2F03_standard-big5%2Fcdwa.PDF&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/">Vindolanda tablets</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-02-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104115211/http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/">存档</a>于2021-01-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2&rft.btitle=Vindolanda+tablets&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="wikitable latinalphabet nounderlines" style="clear:both;margin:0.2em auto;width:90%;border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO</a>基本<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.75%"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="26" style="font-size:10pt"> <div style="clear:both;background:#efefef;text-align:center"></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">历史</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94" title="中古拉丁文字變體">古文字变体</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97" title="合字">连字</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8D%E7%94%9F%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="衍生拉丁字母">衍生字母</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="附加符号">附加符号</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="标点符号">标点符号</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="罗马数字">数字</a> • <a href="/wiki/Unicode%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="Unicode中的拉丁字母">Unicode</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="拉丁字母列表">字母列表</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=拉丁字母發展史&oldid=81932705">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=拉丁字母發展史&oldid=81932705</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" 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