CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="es"> <head><meta charset="utf-8"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <link rel="preload" href="/cds-statics/js/newrelic_prod.js?id=lmv-86f95171ff3687bac7021739879e8af51e91bb1b" as="script"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//trafico.prensaiberica.es"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//www.googletagmanager.com"> <script src="/cds-statics/js/newrelic_prod.js?id=lmv-86f95171ff3687bac7021739879e8af51e91bb1b" defer="" type="text/javascript"></script> <title>ESPECIES EXÓTICAS INVASORAS | Operación coipú: el experimento soviético que provocó un desastre ambiental</title> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/cds-statics/assets/css/brands/regionales/setting.css"> <link rel="preload" href="/cds-statics/assets/fonts/ttcommons/TTCommons-Bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin=""> <link rel="preload" href="/cds-statics/assets/fonts/ttcommons/TTCommons-Bold.woff" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin=""> <link rel="preload" href="/cds-statics/assets/fonts/ttcommons/TTCommons-Bold.ttf" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin=""> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trafico.prensaiberica.es/cmp/min/prensaiberica-es.js" async=""></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" id="gpt-library-pi" async=""></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ "event": "pageview", "ads": { "enabled": "1", "positions": "cpm_si|cpm_sd|cpm_m|cpm_mb|cpm_r_dcha|cpm_r_izda" }, "campaign": { "medium": undefined, "name": undefined, "source": undefined }, "content": { "access": "abierto", "branded": "0", "category": "inf-general", "id": "111969745", "local_is": "0", "multimedia": "imagen", "origin": "bcube_central_newsroom", "place": undefined, "language": "castellano", "pretitle": "especies invasoras", "read": { "time": "225" }, "related": "0", "search": undefined, "social": undefined, "tag": "medio ambiente|caza|espana|naturaleza|animales", "type": { "cms": "noticia" }, "words": "936", "h1": "la fallida 'operacion coipu': el experimento sovietico que provoco un desastre ambiental", "tag_internal": undefined, "local": { "city": undefined, "province": undefined, "region": undefined }, "date": { "modification": "2024-11-23T10:40:09+01:00", "publication": "2024-11-23T10:30:12+01:00", "publication_short": "2024-11-23" }, "group": "medio ambiente", "section": { "level_1": "medio ambiente", "level_2": "medio ambiente", "secondary": undefined }, "person": { "author": "ramon diaz", "editor": "jlferrer", "signin": undefined } }, "page": { "canonical": "https://www.informacion.es/medio-ambiente/2024/11/23/fallida-operacion-coipu-experimento-sovietico-111969747.html", "h1": "la fallida operacion coipu el experimento sovietico que provoco un desastre ambiental", "response": "200", "title": "ESPECIES EXÓTICAS INVASORAS | Operación coipú: el experimento soviético que provocó un desastre ambiental", "view_id": "1732574823776", "virtual_pageview": undefined, "ga4_id": "G-3FY38N72N5", "url": { "complete": "https://www.levante-emv.com/medio-ambiente/2024/11/23/fallida-operacion-coipu-experimento-sovietico-111969745.html", "domain": "levante-emv.com", "hostname": "www.levante-emv.com", "path": "/medio-ambiente/2024/11/23/fallida-operacion-coipu-experimento-sovietico-111969745.html", "previous": undefined } }, "product": { "area": "regionales", "brand": "levante emv", "core": "levante-emv", "name": "levante-emv", "platform": "web" }, "video": { "author": undefined, "origin": undefined, "title": "", "type": undefined, "agencies": undefined } });</script> <script type="text/javascript">let module = {"adMap":{"name":"all - web - 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1]]","slot":"728","type":"nacional"},"name":"all - web - cpm_m","id":"0b8fc971-2947-3e7b-bee9-8a0492fb7691","published":true,"typeAlias":"adserverAdPosition","config":{"delay":false,"orderMobile":0,"lazyLoad":false,"order":0,"enabledForRegistered":true,"enabledForAnonymous":true,"enabledForSubscribers":true,"enabledForBitMask":7},"adPositionId":"1000001","slotBitMask":"728-7"}],"skies":{"left":[{"data":{"targeting":[{"value":"cpm_si","key":"p"}],"mapping":[{"value":"[[1,1],[120,600],[120,1000],[160,1000],[160,600],[450,1000]]","key":"[1280,0]"},{"value":"[]","key":"[0,0]"}],"sizes":"[[1, 1]]","slot":"skyizda","type":"nacional"},"name":"all - web - cpm_si","id":"658f0c87-3469-3156-aad2-190bdc40b22d","published":true,"typeAlias":"adserverAdPosition","config":{"delay":false,"orderMobile":0,"lazyLoad":false,"order":0,"enabledForRegistered":true,"enabledForAnonymous":true,"enabledForSubscribers":false,"enabledForBitMask":3},"adPositionId":"1000002","slotBitMask":"skyizda-3"}],"right":[{"data":{"targeting":[{"value":"cpm_sd","key":"p"}],"mapping":[{"value":"[[1,1],[120,601],[120,1001],[160,1001],[160,601],[450,1001]]","key":"[1280,0]"},{"value":"[]","key":"[0,0]"}],"sizes":"[[1, 1]]","slot":"skydcha","type":"nacional"},"name":"all - web - cpm_sd","id":"ce904dfc-3f41-3577-814f-fc932949883c","published":true,"typeAlias":"adserverAdPosition","config":{"delay":false,"orderMobile":0,"lazyLoad":false,"order":0,"enabledForRegistered":true,"enabledForAnonymous":true,"enabledForSubscribers":false,"enabledForBitMask":3},"adPositionId":"1000003","slotBitMask":"skydcha-3"}]}},"id":"4933c8ca-4304-34fb-966e-32f3fb672260","published":true,"typeAlias":"adMapContent","config":{"lazyLoadSensibilityDesktop":1,"lazyLoadSensibilityMobile":2},"adMapId":"1000005"},"adUnits":{"prerollAmp":"emv/emv-generico/vc/amp","premium":"emv/especiales-vya","preroll":"emv/emv-generico/vc","main":"emv/especiales-vya"},"compliant":"yes","isPremiumContent":0,"pageId":"111969745","premiumEnabled":1,"tagepi":["medio-ambiente","caza","espana","naturaleza","animales"],"hasPrebid":true,"media":"emv","target":"_noticia","disableAds":"no","disableNoAdserverAds":"no","disableAdsInImage":"no","openContentData":false}; const slotTargetings = {"leftSky":"cpm_si","rightSky":"cpm_sd","footer":"cpm_fmega","header":"cpm_m"}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.location.hash === "#debug-ads") { module.logs = { log: console.log.bind(console, "%c[PUBLICIDAD]", "color:green"), error: console.error.bind(console, "%c[PUBLICIDAD]", "color:green"), group: console.group.bind(console), groupEnd: console.groupEnd.bind(console), }; } else { const nothingToDo = () => {}; module.logs = { log: nothingToDo, error: nothingToDo, group: nothingToDo, groupEnd: nothingToDo, }; } var app = window.app || {}; app.utils = ((util) => { util.getCookie = (name) => { const value = `; ${document.cookie}`; const parts = value.split(`; ${name}=`); if (parts.length === 2) { return parts.pop().split(";").shift(); } }; util.deleteDivCloseContent = () => { console.log("RENR app.utils.deleteDivCloseContent"); const closeNewsNode = document?.querySelector(".ft-helper-closenews"); if (closeNewsNode) { const children = Array.from(closeNewsNode.children); children.forEach((child, index) => { const isClosedContentText = child.getAttribute("data-close"); if (!isClosedContentText && index > 0) { child.classList.add("closeContentEnd"); } if (isClosedContentText) { child.classList?.remove("closeContentEnd"); } }); } }; util.setCookie = (name, value, options) => { let updatedCookie = `${encodeURIComponent(name)}=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`; options = options || {}; Object.keys(options).forEach((optionKey) => { const optionValue = options[optionKey]; updatedCookie += `; ${optionKey}${optionValue !== true ? `=${optionValue}` : ""}`; }); document.cookie = updatedCookie; }; util.URLSearchParams = window.URLSearchParams || (() => ({ has: () => false, })); util.getViewportHeight = () => Math.max(document.documentElement.clientHeight, window.innerHeight || 0); util.getViewportWidth = () => Math.max(document.documentElement.clientWidth, window.innerWidth || 0); util.getScreenWidth = (def) => (screen ? screen.width : def || 0); util.removeClassOpenContent = () => { console.log("RENR app.utils.removeClass") const closeNewsNode = document.querySelector(".ft-helper-closenews"); module.openContentData = true closeNewsNode?.classList?.remove("ft-helper-closenews"); } util.openContent = () => { util.removeClassOpenContent() module.initializeAdsByExternal(); module.isOpenContent = true window.isOpenContent = true }; util.closeContent = () => { console.log("RENR app.utils.closeContent") const div = document.querySelector('[data-closedContent]'); div?.classList?.add("ft-helper-closenews"); util.deleteDivCloseContent() module.openContentData = false module.initializeAdsByExternal(); } return util; })(app.utils || {}); let footerAdId = undefined; let headerAdId = undefined; const initializePubadsEventListeners = () => { googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotVisibilityChanged", (event) => { if (event.isEmpty) return; const targeting = event.slot.getTargeting("p")?.[0]; if (targeting === module.adMap.positions.footer?.[0].data.targeting?.[0].value && event.inViewPercentage > 50) { let closeButtonPc = document.querySelector('[data-actas="close-sticky-desktop"]'); if (closeButtonPc) { closeButtonPc.addEventListener("click", () => { closeButtonPc.parentElement.parentElement && (closeButtonPc.parentElement.parentElement.style.display = "none"); hideFooterAd = true; }); setTimeout(() => { if (closeButtonPc.style.display !== "none") { closeButtonPc.style.display = "inline-flex"; } }, 1500); } let closeButtonMobile = document.querySelector('[data-actas="close-sticky-mobile"]'); if (closeButtonMobile) { closeButtonMobile.addEventListener("click", () => { closeButtonMobile.parentElement.parentElement && (closeButtonMobile.parentElement.parentElement.style.display = "none"); hideFooterAd = true; }); setTimeout(() => { closeButtonMobile.style.display = "inline-flex"; }, 1500); } } }); if (headerAdId && footerAdId) { const headerAd = document.getElementById(headerAdId); const footerAd = document.getElementById(footerAdId); if (headerAd) { observer.observe(headerAd); } if (footerAd) { observer.observe(footerAd); } } }; let hideFooterAd = false; let showFooterAd = false; let isHeaderVisible = false; const handleIntersectionAds = (entries, observer) => { let footerAdElement = document.getElementById(footerAdId); entries.forEach((entry) => { if (entry.target.id === headerAdId && !hideFooterAd) { isHeaderVisible = entry.isIntersecting || entry.boundingClientRect.y > 0; if (!showFooterAd && !isHeaderVisible) { showFooterAd = true; if (!module.siteConfigOptions.disableRefresh) { pbjs.que.push(() => { pbjs.refreshAds([footerAdId]); }); } } footerAdElement?.parentElement?.parentElement?.parentElement && (footerAdElement.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement.style.visibility = isHeaderVisible ? "hidden" : "visible"); } }); }; const optionsIntersectionAds = { root: null, rootMargin: "0px", threshold: 0 }; const observer = new IntersectionObserver(handleIntersectionAds, optionsIntersectionAds); window.app = app; module.log = console.log.bind(console, "%c[USER]", "color:darkorange"); let userTypes = { NONE: 0, ANONYMOUS: 1, REGISTERED: 2, SUBSCRIBER: 4, }; let userInfo = { type: userTypes.ANONYMOUS, u: null }; if (typeof app.utils.getCookie("__tac") != "undefined" && app.utils.getCookie("__tac").length > 0) { if (!module.premiumEnabled) { userInfo.type = userTypes.REGISTERED; userInfo.u = "r"; } else { userInfo.type = userTypes.SUBSCRIBER; userInfo.u = "s"; } } else if (typeof app.utils.getCookie("__utp") != "undefined" && app.utils.getCookie("__utp").length > 0) { userInfo.type = userTypes.REGISTERED; userInfo.u = "r"; } userInfo.hasAccess = userInfo.type > (module.premiumEnabled ? userTypes.REGISTERED : userTypes.ANONYMOUS); module.user = userInfo; window.userInfo = userInfo module.filterByContentType = (config, slotBitMask) => { const { isRegistered, isAnonymous, isSubscriber } = userType(window?.userInfo?.u) const maskBitsSuscribers = [4]; const maskBitsRegisters = [2, 6]; const maskBitsAnonymous = [1, 3, 5, 7]; const maskNumber = Number(module.slotMaskNumber(slotBitMask)) const isForAllUsers = maskNumber === 7 if (isSubscriber && !maskBitsSuscribers.includes(maskNumber) && !isForAllUsers) { module.logs.log(`La posición ${slotBitMask} no se tiene que mostrar en usuario suscriptor ${config?.locationMobile}`); return } if (isRegistered && !maskBitsRegisters.includes(maskNumber) && !isForAllUsers) { module.logs.log(`La posición ${slotBitMask} no se tiene que mostrar en usuario registrado`); return } if (isAnonymous && !maskBitsAnonymous.includes(maskNumber) && !isForAllUsers) { module.logs.log(`La posición ${slotBitMask} no se tiene que mostrar en usuario anónimos, isForAllUsers`); return } } module.filterUser = (config, slotBitMask) => { const { isRegistered, isAnonymous, isSubscriber } = userType(window?.userInfo?.u) if (isSubscriber && !config?.enabledForSubscribers) { module.logs.log(`La posición ${slotBitMask} no se tiene que mostrar en usuario suscriptor`); return } if (isRegistered && !config?.enabledForRegistered) { module.logs.log(`La posición ${slotBitMask} no se tiene que mostrar en usuario registrado`); return } if (isAnonymous && !config?.enabledForAnonymous) { module.logs.log(`La posición ${slotBitMask} no se tiene que mostrar en usuario anónimos`); return } } module.removePosition = (position) => { module.logs.log('Eliminamos posición no inicializada', position.slotBitMask); if (!position.slotBitMask) return; document.querySelectorAll(`[data-ad-position="${position.slotBitMask}"]`).forEach((element) => { if (element) { const parent = element.parentElement; module.logs.log('Se elimina el hueco de publicidad de la posición element', position.slotBitMask, element, parent.classList); if (parent?.classList?.contains("ft-ad--sticky")) { const grandParent = parent?.parentElement; if (grandParent?.parentNode) { grandParent.parentNode.removeChild(grandParent); module.logs.log('Se elimina el hueco de publicidad de la posición grandParent', position.slotBitMask, grandParent); } } else { parent.parentNode.removeChild(parent); module.logs.log('Se elimina el hueco de publicidad de la posición parent', position.slotBitMask, parent); } } else { console.log(`No se encontró ningún elemento con el atributo [data-ad-position="${position.slotBitMask}"]`); } }); }; module.screenWidth = app.utils.getScreenWidth(); module.device = module.screenWidth < 768 ? "mobile" : "desktop"; module.lazyLoadSensibility = (module.screenWidth < 501 ? module.adMap?.config?.lazyLoadSensibilityMobile : module.adMap?.config?.lazyLoadSensibilityDesktop) || 0; module.lazyLoadSensibilityPx = module.lazyLoadSensibility ? (module.lazyLoadSensibility + 1) * app.utils.getViewportHeight() : 0; module.isPositionActive = (position) => { return (position.config?.enabledForBitMask & module.user.type) === module.user.type; }; module.removeAds = () => { const adsDivs = document?.querySelectorAll(".ft-ad--sticky") const skyLeftDiv = document?.querySelector(".ft-layout-grid-flex__col-addsLeft") const skyRightDiv = document?.querySelector(".ft-layout-grid-flex__col-addsRight") const articleBscDiv = document?.getElementById("article_bsc") const blockUnderNewsDiv = document?.getElementById("bloque_bajo_noticia") const adsAsideRoba = document.querySelectorAll('aside.ft-ad'); articleBscDiv?.remove() blockUnderNewsDiv?.remove() skyLeftDiv?.remove() skyRightDiv?.remove() adsDivs?.forEach((div) => div.remove()) adsAsideRoba.forEach((aside) => aside.parentNode.removeChild(aside)) console.log("Se han borrado las posiciones de publicidad") } const buildPositionOffsetGetterFunction = (elementId) => { const element = document.getElementById(elementId); if (!element) { return () => ({ absoluteTop: 0, renderAt: 0 }); } return () => { const box = element.getBoundingClientRect(); const absoluteTop = box.top + window.scrollY; const renderAt = absoluteTop - module.lazyLoadSensibilityPx; return { absoluteTop, renderAt }; }; }; module.handleLazyLoadedPosition = (slot) => { const elementId = slot.getSlotElementId(); const getPositionOffset = buildPositionOffsetGetterFunction(elementId); const offset = getPositionOffset().renderAt; if (offset < 1 || document.body.scrollTop > offset || document.documentElement.scrollTop > offset) { module.logs.log( `La posición ${elementId} debería cargarse perezosamente, pero su offset es menor que la sensibilidad configurada:`, offset, ); if (!module?.siteConfigOptions?.disablePrebidLoad) { module.logs.log("Pintando slot with refreshAds: ", elementId); pbjs.que.push(() => { pbjs.refreshAds([elementId]); }); } } else { module.logs.log(`La posición ${elementId} será cargada perezosamente a ${offset}px`); module.handleScrolledPosition(slot, getPositionOffset); } }; module.handleScrolledPosition = (slot, getPositionOffset) => { const listener = () => { const positionBox = getPositionOffset(); const renderPositionAt = positionBox.renderAt; const scrollY = document.body.scrollTop || document.documentElement.scrollTop; if (scrollY > renderPositionAt) { module.logs.group(`Se ha llegado al scroll necesario para pintar ${slot.getSlotElementId()}`); module.logs.log(` - El slot se encuentra a ${positionBox.absoluteTop}px de altura.`); module.logs.log(` - La sensibilidad del lazy load es ${module.lazyLoadSensibility} viewport(s),`); module.logs.log(` la altura del viewport es ${app.utils.getViewportHeight()}px, `); module.logs.log( ` por lo que la posición se debería cargar ${module.lazyLoadSensibilityPx}px antes de que entre en el viewport.`, ); module.logs.log(` - Es decir, la posición se debería cargar en el scroll ${renderPositionAt}`); module.logs.log(` - El scroll actual es ${scrollY}px`); module.logs.groupEnd(); if (!module?.siteConfigOptions?.disablePrebidLoad) { module.logs.log("Pintando slot: ", slot.getSlotElementId()); pbjs.que.push(() => { pbjs.refreshAds([slot.getSlotElementId()]); }); } document.removeEventListener("scroll", listener, true); } }; document.addEventListener("scroll", listener, true); }; const initializePubadsEventListenersFooter = () => { const megabanner = document.getElementById("megabanner"); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function (event) { if (event.isEmpty) { console.log("no se ha pintado renderedEnded"); if (megabanner) { megabanner.style.display = 'none'; } return; } const targeting = event.slot.getTargeting('p')?.[0]; if (targeting === slotTargetings?.footer) { const closeButton = document.querySelector('[data-actas="close-sticky-desktop"]'); if (megabanner) { if (closeButton) { closeButton.addEventListener('click', function () { megabanner.style.display = 'block'; }); } } } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotOnload", function (event) { if (event.isEmpty) { console.log("no se ha pintado onload"); if (megabanner) { megabanner.style.display = 'block'; } return; } }); }; const detectAdBlock = async () => { let adBlockEnabled = false const googleAdUrl = 'https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js' try { await fetch(new Request(googleAdUrl)).catch(_ => adBlockEnabled = true) } catch (e) { adBlockEnabled = true } return adBlockEnabled; } (async () => { const hasAdblock = await detectAdBlock(); if(hasAdblock) { const megabanner = document.getElementById("megabanner"); if (megabanner) { megabanner.style.display = 'block'; } } })(); const zUtils = {}; zUtils.contentsMasP = zUtils.contentsMasP || {}; zUtils.contentsMasP.openContent = () => { console.log("renr openContent"); const closeNewsNode = document.querySelector(".ft-helper-closenews"); closeNewsNode?.classList?.remove("ft-helper-closenews"); }; let searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search.slice(1)); if (searchParams.has("tagepi")) { if (module.tagepi) { module.tagepi.push(searchParams.get("tagepi")); } } const setTargetingByLocalStorage = (targeting, item) => { const storage = localStorage.getItem(item); if (storage) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting(targeting, storage); } }; const initializeTargeting = () => { module.logs.log("Ejecutando inicialización de GAM."); /* setTargeting cxense */ try { setTargetingByLocalStorage("CxSegments", "pisegs"); setTargetingByLocalStorage("r1", "_mo_r1"); setTargetingByLocalStorage("r2", "_mo_r2"); if (window._mo?.urlknow?.bs) googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bs", window._mo.urlknow.bs); } catch (e) {} try { let strDat = localStorage.getItem("_mo_ipdata"); let objDat; if (strDat) { objDat = JSON.parse(strDat); if (objDat?.cit) googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cc", objDat.cit); if (objDat?.zip) googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cz", objDat.zip); } strDat = localStorage.getItem("_mo_profile"); if (strDat) { objDat = JSON.parse(strDat); if (objDat?.geo?.cit) googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bc", objDat.geo.cit); if (objDat?.geo?.zip) googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bz", objDat.geo.zip); } } catch (e) {} if (module.tagepi.length) window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("tagepi", module.tagepi); 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Señaló en el texto las decenas de especies desaparecidas por diversas causas, entre ellas la \"caótica actividad humana\". Aquel relato, que comenzaba detallando las diferentes especies reflejadas en las pinturas prehistóricas –mamuts, tigres, gacelas, uros…–, gustó tanto a las autoridades comunistas que dieron al investigador ‘luz verde’ para que intentara cumplir su afán por recuperar la fauna perdida, rehacer los ecosistemas y revitalizar el paisaje. El Cáucaso, una encrucijada biogeográfica, alberga una biodiversidad excepcional, que incluye especies endémicas de flora y fauna. En esa región, la interacción entre ecosistemas de Europa, Asia Central y Anatolia, ha tejido una delicada red ecológica que, al ser alterada, puede tener consecuencias desastrosas. Pero la Unión Soviética de mediados del siglo XX promovía proyectos ambiciosos que buscaban tanto el desarrollo económico como la ‘reconfiguración’ de la naturaleza para adaptarla a las necesidades humanas. La idea del zoólogo coincidía con aquellos objetivos: proponía introducir animales exóticos en aquella zona, que incluye territorios de Azerbaiyán, Armenia y Georgia, para ‘enriquecer’ la fauna local y diversificar la economía rural mediante la caza y la industria peletera. El proyecto, aunque innovador, terminó causando estragos ambientales de magnitud colosal. Uno de los ejemplos más notorios fue la introducción del coipú (Myocastor coypus), roedor sudamericano apreciado por su piel, cuya presencia alteró irreversiblemente el equilibrio ecológico de la región. Vereshchagin selecciono al coipú por su capacidad de reproducción rápida y su adaptación a entornos húmedos. Según los registros históricos, se liberaron 213 ejemplares en los humedales de Azerbaiyán, con el propósito de establecer colonias autosuficientes. Los coipús, que pueden pesar hasta 10 kilogramos, se reproducen rápidamente: las hembras son capaces de dar a luz hasta tres veces al año, con camadas de cuatro a cinco crías. En ausencia de depredadores naturales, su población creció exponencialmente en el Cáucaso: cinco años después de su introducción, ya había entre 400 y 500 ejemplares. El experimento de Vereshchagin no solo involucró la introducción de nuevas especies, sino también la eliminación de depredadores naturales, como lobos y chacales. En ese momento, estas especies eran consideradas una amenaza para la ganadería y la caza, por lo que su erradicación se justificaba bajo la lógica de maximizar los beneficios económicos. Este enfoque, sin embargo, agravó el problema al eliminar los pocos controles naturales que podían haber limitado en aquel momento la expansión de los coipús. Los esfuerzos para controlar el impacto de esa especie incluyeron ‘medidas biotécnicas’, como la caza masiva de predadores y el manejo de su hábitat. Sin embargo, estas acciones fueron insuficientes y a menudo contraproducentes. Tampoco la caza resulto eficaz por la dificultad para capturar a los coipús y su rápida reproducción. Así las cosas, en la actualidad su presencia en humedales de Azerbaiyán, Armenia y Georgia es tan común que no hay humedales en los que no se vean huellas de coipús. Se cuentan por decenas de miles. El daño ecológico asociado a esta especie invasora ha sido enorme. Los coipús consumen grandes cantidades de vegetación acuática, lo que provoca erosión en los humedales y destruye hábitats cruciales para las aves acuáticas y otros animales autóctonos. Aunque no depredan directamente sobre otras especies, la presión sobre los ecosistemas ha reducido la diversidad biológica, afectando tanto a especies endémicas como a migratorias. Además, han alterado las cadenas alimenticias locales. El caso del Cáucaso no es único. Experimentos similares en otras partes del mundo, como la introducción de conejos en Australia o mangostas en Hawái, han demostrado los riesgos de manipular ecosistemas sin un análisis profundo de las posibles consecuencias. Sin embargo, lo que hace particularmente grave el caso de los coipús es su impacto en una región de alta biodiversidad, reconocida como un ‘hotspot’ o ‘punto caliente’ de la biodiversidad (zona que cuenta con gran diversidad vegetal y animal) por la ONG ambiental americana Conservation International. Pero es que la expansión de los coipús no solo ha afectado a la flora y fauna, sino también a las comunidades humanas que dependen de estos ecosistemas para su sustento. El legado del experimento de Vereshchagin es una advertencia sobre los riesgos de la intervención humana en la naturaleza. A pesar de las buenas intenciones, la falta de planificación adecuada y el desconocimiento de las dinámicas ecológicas desembocaron en un desastre ambiental cuyas consecuencias siguen siendo evidentes ochenta años después. La historia del coipú en el Cáucaso está empezando a repetirse ahora en España. Llegó hace unos años a Cataluña y se ha multiplicado hasta convertirse en una auténtica plaga. Solo en Girona se estima que hay más de 2.000 coipús. Y ya se han detectado ejemplares en ríos de Navarra y el País Vasco, así como en el Guadalquivir y Portugal. Se cree que los coipús fueron introducidos en la Península Ibérica como animales de cría para la industria peletera. Ya se han activado medidas de control. El trampeo parece el método más efectivo. Lo fue en Gran Bretaña, donde se logró erradicar a esta especie después de sesenta años y tras haber alcanzado los 200.000 ejemplares. ……………. Contacto de la sección de Medio Ambiente: crisisclimatica@prensaiberica.es","url":"https://www.levante-emv.com/medio-ambiente/2024/11/23/fallida-operacion-coipu-experimento-sovietico-111969745.html","articleSection":"Medio Ambiente","datePublished":"2024-11-23T10:30:12+01:00","dateModified":"2024-11-23T10:40:09+01:00","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Levante-EMV","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.levante-emv.com/cds-statics/assets/img/logos/logo-regionales-levante-el-mercantil-valenciano.png","width":"1200","height":"630","caption":"Levante-EMV"}},"description":"En pleno apogeo de la planificación estatal soviética, en 1954, el zoólogo ruso Nikolai Vereshchagin publicó el libro ‘Los mamíferos del Cáucaso’, en el que reflejó años de investigaciones sobre la evolución de las especies animales en esa zona durante los últimos 11.000 años. 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class="ft-helper-fontColor-primary ft-helper-spacer-y-xxs ft-helper-fontSize-body-XL">Especies invasoras</p><h1 class="ft-title ft-helper-spacer-b-xs ft-helper-fontSize-heading-M">La fallida 'operación coipú': el experimento soviético que provocó un desastre ambiental</h1><h2 class="ft-mol-subtitle ft-helper-fontColor-quaternary">La introducción en 1954 de una especie exótica para diversificar la economía rural alteró irreversiblemente el equilibrio ecológico del Cáucaso</h2></header><div class="ft-layout-grid-flex__colXs-12 ft-layout-grid-flex__colSm-7 ft-layout-grid-flex__colMd-8"><figure class="ft-img"><picture><source media="(min-width:640.1px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/99769ac9-3bd5-45a2-a5aa-d2627ec30703_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="1200" height="675"><source media="(min-width: 320.1px) and (max-width: 640px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/99769ac9-3bd5-45a2-a5aa-d2627ec30703_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_640w_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="640" height="360"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/99769ac9-3bd5-45a2-a5aa-d2627ec30703_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_320w_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"><source media="(min-width:640.1px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/99769ac9-3bd5-45a2-a5aa-d2627ec30703_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="1200" height="675"><source media="(min-width: 320.1px) and (max-width: 640px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/99769ac9-3bd5-45a2-a5aa-d2627ec30703_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="640" height="360"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/99769ac9-3bd5-45a2-a5aa-d2627ec30703_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="320" height="180"><img src="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/99769ac9-3bd5-45a2-a5aa-d2627ec30703_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg" width="1200" height="675" alt="Una hembra de coipú con dos crías." class="ft-helper-img-rd" loading="eager"></picture><figcaption><p class="ft-helper-fontColor-quaternary ft-helper-fontSize-body-S ft-helper-spacer-t-xxs">Una hembra de coipú con dos crías. <span class="ft-helper-fontWeight-800 ft-helper-text-transform-uppercase"> / Getty Images</span></p></figcaption></figure><aside class="ft-ad ft-helper-hide-md"><div data-ad-position="728-7" data-type-ad="mobile" title="cpm_m" id="movil-div-gpt-ad_728-7"> </div></aside><div class="ft-mol-writer ft-mol-writer--side ft-mol-writer--sideHasimage"><div class="ft-mol-writer__item"><img src="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/2eee7703-15d9-4121-8dcc-ede239f898af_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpeg" width="60" height="60" alt="Ramón Díaz" class="ft-mol-writer__image ft-helper-img-rd"><div class="ft-mol-writer__title"><p class="ft-mol-writer__titleOpinion ft-helper-fontColor-primary ft-helper-fontSize-body-L--small"><a href="/autores/ramon-diaz.html" target="_self" title="Ramón Díaz" class="ft-link ft-helper-fontColor-primary">Ramón Díaz</a></p><div class="ft-date"><time class="ft-date__text" datetime="2024-11-23T10:30:12+01:00"> 23 NOV 2024 10:30</time> <time datetime="2024-11-23T10:40:09+01:00" class="ft-date__text">Actualizada 23 NOV 2024 10:40</time></div></div></div></div><div class="ft-layout-grid-flex__nested ft-layout-grid-flex__nestedGutter-0"><div class="ft-layout-grid-flex__colXs-12 ft-layout-grid-flex__colSm-11"><p class="ft-text">En pleno apogeo de la planificación estatal soviética, en 1954, el zoólogo ruso Nikolai Vereshchagin publicó el libro ‘<strong>Los mamíferos del Cáucaso’</strong>, en el que reflejó años de investigaciones sobre la <strong>evolución de las </strong><a class="ft-link ft-link--decoration" href="/medio-ambiente/2024/11/12/son-primeros-animales-salieron-mar-111612344.html" target="_blank"><strong>especies animales</strong></a> en esa zona durante los últimos 11.000 años. Señaló en el texto las decenas de especies desaparecidas por diversas causas, entre ellas la "caótica actividad humana".</p><aside class="ft-ad ft-ad--roba ft-ad--robaNotext ft-helper-hide-md"><div class="ft-ad--sticky"><div data-ad-position="300dcha-7" data-type-ad="mobile" title="cpm_r_dcha" id="movil-div-gpt-ad_300dcha-7"> </div></div></aside><p class="ft-text">Aquel relato, que comenzaba detallando las diferentes especies reflejadas en las <strong>pinturas prehistóricas</strong> –mamuts, tigres, gacelas, uros…–, gustó tanto a las autoridades comunistas que dieron al investigador ‘luz verde’ para que intentara cumplir su afán por <strong>recuperar la fauna perdida, rehacer los ecosistemas y revitalizar el paisaje</strong>.</p><p class="ft-text"><strong>El Cáucaso, una encrucijada biogeográfica, alberga una biodiversidad excepcional, que incluye especies endémicas de flora y fauna</strong>. En esa región, la interacción entre ecosistemas de Europa, Asia Central y Anatolia, ha tejido una <strong>delicada red ecológica</strong> que, al ser alterada, puede tener consecuencias desastrosas.</p><div id="mid_news"></div><p class="ft-text">Pero la Unión Soviética de mediados del siglo XX promovía proyectos ambiciosos que buscaban tanto el desarrollo económico como la ‘reconfiguración’ de la naturaleza para adaptarla a las necesidades humanas.</p><aside class="ft-ad ft-ad--roba ft-ad--robaNotext ft-helper-hide-md"><div class="ft-ad--sticky"><div data-ad-position="300dchab-7" data-type-ad="mobile" title="cpm_r_dchab" id="movil-div-gpt-ad_300dchab-7"> </div></div></aside><p class="ft-text">La idea del zoólogo coincidía con aquellos objetivos: <strong>proponía introducir animales exóticos</strong> en aquella zona, que incluye territorios de Azerbaiyán, Armenia y Georgia, para <strong>‘enriquecer’ la fauna local y diversificar la economía rural mediante la caza y la industria peletera</strong>.</p><figure class="ft-img"><picture><source media="(min-width:640.1px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="1200.0" height="797.0"><source media="(min-width: 320.1px) and (max-width: 640px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="640.0" height="425.0"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="320.0" height="213.0"><source media="(min-width:640.1px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="1200.0" height="797.0"><source media="(min-width: 320.1px) and (max-width: 640px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="640.0" height="425.0"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="320.0" height="213.0"><img src="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg" width="1200" height="797" alt="Ejemplar de coipú." class="ft-helper-img-rd" loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption><p class="ft-helper-fontColor-quaternary ft-helper-fontSize-body-S ft-helper-spacer-t-xxs">Ejemplar de coipú. <span class="ft-helper-fontWeight-800 ft-helper-text-transform-uppercase"> / Pinterest</span></p></figcaption></figure><p class="ft-text">El proyecto, aunque innovador, terminó causando <strong>estragos ambientales</strong> de magnitud colosal. Uno de los ejemplos más notorios fue la introducción del <a class="ft-link ft-link--decoration" href="/medio-ambiente/2023/05/12/guerra-caipu-roedor-gigante-invadiendo-87244283.html" target="_blank">coipú (Myocastor coypus)</a>, roedor sudamericano apreciado por su piel, cuya presencia <strong>alteró irreversiblemente el equilibrio ecológico de la región</strong>.</p><p class="ft-text">Vereshchagin selecciono al coipú por su capacidad de reproducción rápida y su adaptación a entornos húmedos. Según los registros históricos, <strong>se liberaron 213 ejemplares</strong> en los humedales de Azerbaiyán, con el propósito de establecer colonias autosuficientes.</p><h2 class="ft-helper-spacer-t-xs ft-helper-fontSize-heading-S">Daño eecológicoenorme</h2><p class="ft-text">Los coipús, que pueden pesar hasta 10 kilogramos, se reproducen rápidamente: las hembras son capaces de dar a luz hasta tres veces al año, con camadas de cuatro a cinco crías. <strong>En ausencia de depredadores naturales, su población creció exponencialmente en el Cáucaso</strong>: cinco años después de su introducción, ya había entre 400 y 500 ejemplares.</p><aside class="ft-ad ft-ad--roba ft-ad--robaNotext ft-helper-hide-md"><div class="ft-ad--sticky"><div data-ad-position="300dchac-3" data-type-ad="mobile" title="cpm_r_dchac" id="movil-div-gpt-ad_300dchac-3"> </div></div></aside><p class="ft-text">El experimento de Vereshchagin no solo involucró la introducción de nuevas especies, sino también la <strong>eliminación de depredadores naturales, como </strong><a class="ft-link ft-link--decoration" href="/medio-ambiente/2024/09/27/europa-acuerda-rebajar-proteccion-lobo-108639868.html" target="_blank"><strong>lobos</strong></a><strong> y chacales</strong>. En ese momento, estas especies eran consideradas una amenaza para la ganadería y la caza, por lo que su erradicación se justificaba bajo la lógica de <strong>maximizar los beneficios económicos</strong>.</p><p class="ft-text">Este enfoque, sin embargo, agravó el problema al eliminar los pocos <strong>controles naturales</strong> que podían haber limitado en aquel momento la expansión de los coipús.</p><p class="ft-text">Los esfuerzos para controlar el impacto de esa especie incluyeron ‘<strong>medidas biotécnicas</strong>’, como la caza masiva de predadores y el manejo de su hábitat. Sin embargo, estas acciones fueron insuficientes y a menudo contraproducentes. Tampoco la caza resulto eficaz por la dificultad para capturar a los coipús y su rápida reproducción.</p><p class="ft-text">Así las cosas, <strong>en la actualidad su presencia en humedales de Azerbaiyán, Armenia y Georgia es tan común que no hay humedales en los que no se vean huellas de coipús</strong>. Se cuentan por decenas de miles.</p><figure class="ft-img"><picture><source media="(min-width:640.1px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="900.0" height="600.0"><source media="(min-width: 320.1px) and (max-width: 640px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="640.0" height="427.0"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="320.0" height="213.0"><source media="(min-width:640.1px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="900.0" height="600.0"><source media="(min-width: 320.1px) and (max-width: 640px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="640.0" height="427.0"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="320.0" height="213.0"><img src="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg" width="1200" height="800" alt="Ejemplares de coipús en un humedal." class="ft-helper-img-rd" loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption><p class="ft-helper-fontColor-quaternary ft-helper-fontSize-body-S ft-helper-spacer-t-xxs">Ejemplares de coipús en un humedal. <span class="ft-helper-fontWeight-800 ft-helper-text-transform-uppercase"> / EFE / CSIC / Matthieu Berroneau</span></p></figcaption></figure><p class="ft-text"><strong>El daño ecológico asociado a esta especie invasora ha sido enorme</strong>. Los coipús consumen grandes cantidades de vegetación acuática, lo que provoca erosión en los humedales y <strong>destruye hábitats cruciales</strong> para las aves acuáticas y otros animales autóctonos.</p><p class="ft-text">Aunque no depredan directamente sobre otras especies, <strong>la presión sobre los ecosistemas ha reducido la diversidad biológica, afectando tanto a especies endémicas como a migratorias</strong>. Además, han alterado las cadenas alimenticias locales.</p><h2 class="ft-helper-spacer-t-xs ft-helper-fontSize-heading-S">Y ahora en España</h2><p class="ft-text">El caso del Cáucaso no es único. Experimentos similares en otras partes del mundo, como la introducción de <strong>conejos en Australia</strong> o <strong>mangostas en Hawái</strong>, han demostrado los riesgos de manipular ecosistemas sin un análisis profundo de las posibles consecuencias.</p><p class="ft-text">Sin embargo, lo que hace particularmente grave el caso de los coipús es su impacto en una región de alta biodiversidad, reconocida como un ‘<strong>hotspot</strong>’ o <strong>‘punto caliente’ de la biodiversidad</strong> (zona que cuenta con gran diversidad vegetal y animal) por la ONG ambiental americana Conservation International.</p><p class="ft-text">Pero es que <strong>la expansión de los coipús no solo ha afectado a la flora y fauna, sino también a las comunidades humanas que dependen de estos ecosistemas para su sustento</strong>.</p><p class="ft-text">El legado del experimento de Vereshchagin es una advertencia sobre los riesgos de la intervención humana en la naturaleza. A pesar de las buenas intenciones, la falta de planificación adecuada y el desconocimiento de las dinámicas ecológicas desembocaron en un <strong>desastre ambiental</strong> cuyas consecuencias siguen siendo evidentes ochenta años después.</p><figure class="ft-img"><picture><source media="(min-width:640.1px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="1024.0" height="768.0"><source media="(min-width: 320.1px) and (max-width: 640px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="640.0" height="480.0"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.webp" type="image/webp" width="320.0" height="240.0"><source media="(min-width:640.1px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="1024.0" height="768.0"><source media="(min-width: 320.1px) and (max-width: 640px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="640.0" height="480.0"><source media="(max-width: 320px)" srcset="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg" type="image/jpeg" width="320.0" height="240.0"><img src="https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg" width="1200" height="900" alt="Coipú capturado con una trampa en Girona." class="ft-helper-img-rd" loading="lazy"></picture><figcaption><p class="ft-helper-fontColor-quaternary ft-helper-fontSize-body-S ft-helper-spacer-t-xxs">Coipú capturado con una trampa en Girona. <span class="ft-helper-fontWeight-800 ft-helper-text-transform-uppercase"> / Departamento de Acción Climática de la Generalitat de Cataluña / EFE</span></p></figcaption></figure><p class="ft-text"><strong>La historia del coipú en el Cáucaso está empezando a repetirse ahora en España</strong>. Llegó hace unos años a <strong>Cataluña</strong> y se ha multiplicado hasta convertirse en <strong>una auténtica plaga</strong>. Solo en Girona se estima que hay más de 2.000 coipús. Y ya se han detectado ejemplares en ríos de <strong>Navarra</strong> y el <strong>País Vasco</strong>, así como en el <strong>Guadalquivir</strong> y <strong>Portugal</strong>.</p><p class="ft-text">Se cree que los coipús fueron introducidos en la Península Ibérica como<strong> animales de cría para la industria peletera</strong>. Ya se han activado <strong>medidas de control</strong>. El <strong>trampeo</strong> parece el método más efectivo. Lo fue en Gran Bretaña, donde se logró erradicar a esta especie después de sesenta años y tras haber alcanzado los 200.000 ejemplares.</p><p class="ft-text">…………….</p><div class="_mo_recs_tpi" data-recs="3" style="min-height:200px;position:relative;"></div><p class="ft-text">Contacto de la sección de Medio Ambiente: <a href="mailto:crisisclimatica@prensaiberica.es" class="ft-link ft-link--decoration">crisisclimatica@prensaiberica.es</a></p><div class="ft-mol-tagsNews"><h3 class="ft-mol-tagsNews__title">TEMAS</h3><ul class="ft-mol-tagsNews__tags"><li class="ft-tag ft-tag--sm ft-tag--linkBasis"><a href="/tags/medio-ambiente/" target="_self" title="Medio Ambiente" class="ft-link ft-link--secondary">Medio Ambiente</a></li><li class="ft-tag ft-tag--sm ft-tag--linkBasis"><a href="/tags/caza/" target="_self" title="caza" class="ft-link ft-link--secondary">caza</a></li><li class="ft-tag ft-tag--sm ft-tag--linkBasis"><a href="/tags/espana-2/" target="_self" title="España" class="ft-link 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Ambiente,caza,España,naturaleza,animales",[164,167,170,173,176,179,182,185,188,190,193,195,198,201,204,207,210,212,214,217,220,223,226,229,231,233,235,237,240],{"name":165,"content":166},"pimec:tags","2,193,161,256,163,264,65,7,218,285,23,195,287",{"name":168,"content":169},"iab:tags","467,483,386,514,464",{"name":171,"content":172},"robots","max-image-preview:large",{"name":174,"content":175},"referrer","no-referrer-when-downgrade",{"property":177,"content":178},"fb:app_id","534783426597360",{"property":180,"content":181},"fb:pages","106329485190",{"http-equiv":183,"content":184},"Content-Type","text/html; charset=UTF-8",{"name":186,"content":187},"generator","BBT bCube NX",{"name":189,"content":14},"publisher",{"name":191,"content":192},"author","Ramón Díaz",{"property":194,"content":119},"og:type",{"property":196,"content":197},"og:title","La fallida 'operación coipú': el experimento soviético que provocó un desastre ambiental",{"property":199,"content":200},"og:description","La introducción en 1954 de una especie exótica para diversificar la economía rural alteró irreversiblemente el equilibrio ecológico del Cáucaso",{"property":202,"content":203},"og:image","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/99769ac9-3bd5-45a2-a5aa-d2627ec30703_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg",{"property":205,"content":206},"og:image:width","1200",{"property":208,"content":209},"og:image:height","675",{"property":211,"content":157},"og:url",{"property":213,"content":14},"og:site_name",{"property":215,"content":216},"article:modified_time","2024-11-23T09:40:09Z",{"property":218,"content":219},"article:published_time","2024-11-23T09:30:12Z",{"property":221,"content":222},"article:section","Medio Ambiente",{"property":224,"content":225},"article:tag","Medio Ambiente,caza,España,naturaleza,animales",{"name":227,"content":228},"twitter:card","summary_large_image",{"name":230,"content":7},"twitter:site",{"name":232,"content":197},"twitter:title",{"name":234,"content":200},"twitter:description",{"name":236,"content":203},"twitter:image",{"name":238,"content":239},"origin","CDS",{"name":241,"content":242},"autorobots","1","ESPECIES EXÓTICAS INVASORAS | Operación coipú: el experimento soviético que provocó un desastre ambiental","https://www.informacion.es/medio-ambiente/2024/11/23/fallida-operacion-coipu-experimento-sovietico-111969747.html","noindex,follow",{"frontTitle":-1,"shortSubtitle":-1,"subtitle":247,"title":197,"epigraph":248,"kicker":249,"bodyComponents":251,"corrigenda":554,"subtitleComponents":555},"\u003Ch2>La introducción en 1954 de una especie exótica para diversificar la economía rural alteró irreversiblemente el equilibrio ecológico del Cáucaso\u003C/h2>","Especies invasoras",{"specialText":250,"text":-1,"type":-1},"BB_531610",[252,255,257,259,261,263,361,363,365,370,372,374,376,378,380,455,457,459,462,464,466,468,470,546,548,550,552],{"data":253,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">En pleno apogeo de la planificación estatal soviética, en 1954, el zoólogo ruso Nikolai Vereshchagin publicó el libro ‘\u003Cstrong>Los mamíferos del Cáucaso’\u003C/strong>, en el que reflejó años de investigaciones sobre la \u003Cstrong>evolución de las \u003C/strong>\u003Ca class=\"ft-link ft-link--decoration\" href=\"/medio-ambiente/2024/11/12/son-primeros-animales-salieron-mar-111612344.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong>especies animales\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> en esa zona durante los últimos 11.000 años. Señaló en el texto las decenas de especies desaparecidas por diversas causas, entre ellas la \"caótica actividad humana\".\u003C/p>","html",{"data":256,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Aquel relato, que comenzaba detallando las diferentes especies reflejadas en las \u003Cstrong>pinturas prehistóricas\u003C/strong> –mamuts, tigres, gacelas, uros…–, gustó tanto a las autoridades comunistas que dieron al investigador ‘luz verde’ para que intentara cumplir su afán por \u003Cstrong>recuperar la fauna perdida, rehacer los ecosistemas y revitalizar el paisaje\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>",{"data":258,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">\u003Cstrong>El Cáucaso, una encrucijada biogeográfica, alberga una biodiversidad excepcional, que incluye especies endémicas de flora y fauna\u003C/strong>. En esa región, la interacción entre ecosistemas de Europa, Asia Central y Anatolia, ha tejido una \u003Cstrong>delicada red ecológica\u003C/strong> que, al ser alterada, puede tener consecuencias desastrosas.\u003C/p>",{"data":260,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Pero la Unión Soviética de mediados del siglo XX promovía proyectos ambiciosos que buscaban tanto el desarrollo económico como la ‘reconfiguración’ de la naturaleza para adaptarla a las necesidades humanas.\u003C/p>",{"data":262,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">La idea del zoólogo coincidía con aquellos objetivos: \u003Cstrong>proponía introducir animales exóticos\u003C/strong> en aquella zona, que incluye territorios de Azerbaiyán, Armenia y Georgia, para \u003Cstrong>‘enriquecer’ la fauna local y diversificar la economía rural mediante la caza y la industria peletera\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>",{"data":264,"type":358},{"photoView":265,"footer":-1,"author":-1,"imageSrc":-1,"id":357,"type":358,"preTitle":-1,"metas":266,"photoFooter":269,"signature":270,"shortPreTitle":-1,"alt":-1,"photoId":272,"description":-1,"shortDescription":-1,"shortTitle":-1,"published":6,"title":273,"photoClippings":274,"url":344,"body":-1,"shoppingInfo":-1,"bodyComponents":360},{"preTitle":-1,"metas":266,"photoFooter":269,"signature":270,"shortPreTitle":-1,"alt":-1,"photoId":272,"description":-1,"shortDescription":-1,"shortTitle":-1,"published":6,"title":273,"photoClippings":274,"url":344,"id":357,"type":358,"body":-1,"shoppingInfo":-1,"bodyComponents":359},{"metaKeywords":-1,"customMetas":267,"metaTitle":-1,"metaCanonicalURL":-1,"metaDescription":-1,"metaRobots":268},[],"index,follow","\u003Cp>Ejemplar de coipú.\u003C/p>",{"name":271,"place":-1,"source":-1,"authorText":-1},"Pinterest","111889567","Ejemplar de coipú.",[275,292,305,311,321,332,342],{"width":206,"url":276,"height":277,"quality":49,"childPhotoClippings":278,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","797",[279,286],{"width":280,"url":281,"height":282,"quality":283,"childPhotoClippings":284,"type":285},"640","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg","425","alta-libre-aspect-ratio",[],"custom",{"width":287,"url":288,"height":289,"quality":283,"childPhotoClippings":290,"type":285},"320","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg","213",[],"original",{"width":293,"url":294,"height":295,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":296,"type":291},"660","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_media-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","438",[297,301],{"width":280,"url":298,"height":282,"quality":299,"childPhotoClippings":300,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_media-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg","media-libre-aspect-ratio",[],{"width":287,"url":302,"height":303,"quality":299,"childPhotoClippings":304,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_media-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg","212",[],{"width":306,"url":307,"height":308,"quality":309,"childPhotoClippings":310,"type":291},"300","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_baja-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","199","baja_libre_clipping",[],{"width":312,"url":313,"height":314,"quality":315,"childPhotoClippings":316,"type":291},"420","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_mobile-ep-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","279","mobile_ep_clipping",[317],{"width":287,"url":318,"height":289,"quality":319,"childPhotoClippings":320,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_mobile-ep-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg","mobile-ep-aspect-ratio",[],{"width":280,"url":322,"height":282,"quality":323,"childPhotoClippings":324,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","mobile_sp_libre_clipping",[325,329],{"width":280,"url":326,"height":282,"quality":327,"childPhotoClippings":328,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg","mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio",[],{"width":287,"url":330,"height":289,"quality":327,"childPhotoClippings":331,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":333,"url":334,"height":335,"quality":336,"childPhotoClippings":337,"type":291},"388","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_portada-ep-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","258","portada_ep_libre_clipping",[338],{"width":287,"url":339,"height":289,"quality":340,"childPhotoClippings":341,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_portada-ep-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg","portada-ep-libre-aspect-ratio",[],{"width":343,"url":344,"height":345,"quality":291,"childPhotoClippings":346,"type":285},"1200.0","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","797.0",[347,352],{"width":348,"url":349,"height":350,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":351,"type":285},"640.0","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg","425.0",[],{"width":353,"url":354,"height":355,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":356,"type":285},"320.0","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/b53325d4-80a9-4fbf-8e50-57cb08842abd_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg","213.0",[],"396676ac-e1cc-3da1-a535-c1951b7a0620","photo",[],[],{"data":362,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">El proyecto, aunque innovador, terminó causando \u003Cstrong>estragos ambientales\u003C/strong> de magnitud colosal. Uno de los ejemplos más notorios fue la introducción del \u003Ca class=\"ft-link ft-link--decoration\" href=\"/medio-ambiente/2023/05/12/guerra-caipu-roedor-gigante-invadiendo-87244283.html\" target=\"_blank\">coipú (Myocastor coypus)\u003C/a>, roedor sudamericano apreciado por su piel, cuya presencia \u003Cstrong>alteró irreversiblemente el equilibrio ecológico de la región\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>",{"data":364,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Vereshchagin selecciono al coipú por su capacidad de reproducción rápida y su adaptación a entornos húmedos. Según los registros históricos, \u003Cstrong>se liberaron 213 ejemplares\u003C/strong> en los humedales de Azerbaiyán, con el propósito de establecer colonias autosuficientes.\u003C/p>",{"data":366,"type":369},{"level":367,"text":368,"indent":-1,"align":-1},"h2","Daño eecológicoenorme","heading",{"data":371,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Los coipús, que pueden pesar hasta 10 kilogramos, se reproducen rápidamente: las hembras son capaces de dar a luz hasta tres veces al año, con camadas de cuatro a cinco crías. \u003Cstrong>En ausencia de depredadores naturales, su población creció exponencialmente en el Cáucaso\u003C/strong>: cinco años después de su introducción, ya había entre 400 y 500 ejemplares.\u003C/p>",{"data":373,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">El experimento de Vereshchagin no solo involucró la introducción de nuevas especies, sino también la \u003Cstrong>eliminación de depredadores naturales, como \u003C/strong>\u003Ca class=\"ft-link ft-link--decoration\" href=\"/medio-ambiente/2024/09/27/europa-acuerda-rebajar-proteccion-lobo-108639868.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong>lobos\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003Cstrong> y chacales\u003C/strong>. En ese momento, estas especies eran consideradas una amenaza para la ganadería y la caza, por lo que su erradicación se justificaba bajo la lógica de \u003Cstrong>maximizar los beneficios económicos\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>",{"data":375,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Este enfoque, sin embargo, agravó el problema al eliminar los pocos \u003Cstrong>controles naturales\u003C/strong> que podían haber limitado en aquel momento la expansión de los coipús.\u003C/p>",{"data":377,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Los esfuerzos para controlar el impacto de esa especie incluyeron ‘\u003Cstrong>medidas biotécnicas\u003C/strong>’, como la caza masiva de predadores y el manejo de su hábitat. Sin embargo, estas acciones fueron insuficientes y a menudo contraproducentes. Tampoco la caza resulto eficaz por la dificultad para capturar a los coipús y su rápida reproducción.\u003C/p>",{"data":379,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Así las cosas, \u003Cstrong>en la actualidad su presencia en humedales de Azerbaiyán, Armenia y Georgia es tan común que no hay humedales en los que no se vean huellas de coipús\u003C/strong>. Se cuentan por decenas de miles.\u003C/p>",{"data":381,"type":358},{"photoView":382,"footer":-1,"author":-1,"imageSrc":-1,"id":452,"type":358,"preTitle":-1,"metas":383,"photoFooter":385,"signature":386,"shortPreTitle":-1,"alt":-1,"photoId":388,"description":-1,"shortDescription":-1,"shortTitle":-1,"published":6,"title":389,"photoClippings":390,"url":442,"body":-1,"shoppingInfo":-1,"bodyComponents":454},{"preTitle":-1,"metas":383,"photoFooter":385,"signature":386,"shortPreTitle":-1,"alt":-1,"photoId":388,"description":-1,"shortDescription":-1,"shortTitle":-1,"published":6,"title":389,"photoClippings":390,"url":442,"id":452,"type":358,"body":-1,"shoppingInfo":-1,"bodyComponents":453},{"metaKeywords":-1,"customMetas":384,"metaTitle":-1,"metaCanonicalURL":-1,"metaDescription":-1,"metaRobots":268},[],"\u003Cp>Ejemplares de coipús en un humedal.\u003C/p>",{"name":387,"place":-1,"source":-1,"authorText":-1},"EFE / CSIC / Matthieu Berroneau","111889670","Ejemplares de coipús en un humedal.",[391,402,412,416,423,433,440],{"width":206,"url":392,"height":393,"quality":49,"childPhotoClippings":394,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","800",[395,399],{"width":280,"url":396,"height":397,"quality":283,"childPhotoClippings":398,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg","427",[],{"width":287,"url":400,"height":289,"quality":283,"childPhotoClippings":401,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":293,"url":403,"height":404,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":405,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_media-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","440",[406,409],{"width":280,"url":407,"height":397,"quality":299,"childPhotoClippings":408,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_media-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg",[],{"width":287,"url":410,"height":289,"quality":299,"childPhotoClippings":411,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_media-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":306,"url":413,"height":414,"quality":309,"childPhotoClippings":415,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_baja-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","200",[],{"width":312,"url":417,"height":418,"quality":315,"childPhotoClippings":419,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_mobile-ep-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","280",[420],{"width":287,"url":421,"height":289,"quality":319,"childPhotoClippings":422,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_mobile-ep-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":280,"url":424,"height":397,"quality":323,"childPhotoClippings":425,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg",[426,429],{"width":280,"url":427,"height":397,"quality":327,"childPhotoClippings":428,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg",[],{"width":287,"url":430,"height":431,"quality":327,"childPhotoClippings":432,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg","214",[],{"width":333,"url":434,"height":435,"quality":336,"childPhotoClippings":436,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_portada-ep-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","259",[437],{"width":287,"url":438,"height":431,"quality":340,"childPhotoClippings":439,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_portada-ep-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":441,"url":442,"height":443,"quality":291,"childPhotoClippings":444,"type":285},"900.0","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","600.0",[445,449],{"width":348,"url":446,"height":447,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":448,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg","427.0",[],{"width":353,"url":450,"height":355,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":451,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/76030871-1980-4a2c-a736-accb03132c55_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],"2764fa60-1e26-30fd-b4bf-408f09b0f4bc",[],[],{"data":456,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">\u003Cstrong>El daño ecológico asociado a esta especie invasora ha sido enorme\u003C/strong>. Los coipús consumen grandes cantidades de vegetación acuática, lo que provoca erosión en los humedales y \u003Cstrong>destruye hábitats cruciales\u003C/strong> para las aves acuáticas y otros animales autóctonos.\u003C/p>",{"data":458,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Aunque no depredan directamente sobre otras especies, \u003Cstrong>la presión sobre los ecosistemas ha reducido la diversidad biológica, afectando tanto a especies endémicas como a migratorias\u003C/strong>. Además, han alterado las cadenas alimenticias locales.\u003C/p>",{"data":460,"type":369},{"level":367,"text":461,"indent":-1,"align":-1},"Y ahora en España",{"data":463,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">El caso del Cáucaso no es único. Experimentos similares en otras partes del mundo, como la introducción de \u003Cstrong>conejos en Australia\u003C/strong> o \u003Cstrong>mangostas en Hawái\u003C/strong>, han demostrado los riesgos de manipular ecosistemas sin un análisis profundo de las posibles consecuencias.\u003C/p>",{"data":465,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Sin embargo, lo que hace particularmente grave el caso de los coipús es su impacto en una región de alta biodiversidad, reconocida como un ‘\u003Cstrong>hotspot\u003C/strong>’ o \u003Cstrong>‘punto caliente’ de la biodiversidad\u003C/strong> (zona que cuenta con gran diversidad vegetal y animal) por la ONG ambiental americana Conservation International.\u003C/p>",{"data":467,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Pero es que \u003Cstrong>la expansión de los coipús no solo ha afectado a la flora y fauna, sino también a las comunidades humanas que dependen de estos ecosistemas para su sustento\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>",{"data":469,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">El legado del experimento de Vereshchagin es una advertencia sobre los riesgos de la intervención humana en la naturaleza. A pesar de las buenas intenciones, la falta de planificación adecuada y el desconocimiento de las dinámicas ecológicas desembocaron en un \u003Cstrong>desastre ambiental\u003C/strong> cuyas consecuencias siguen siendo evidentes ochenta años después.\u003C/p>",{"data":471,"type":358},{"photoView":472,"footer":-1,"author":-1,"imageSrc":-1,"id":543,"type":358,"preTitle":-1,"metas":473,"photoFooter":475,"signature":476,"shortPreTitle":-1,"alt":-1,"photoId":478,"description":-1,"shortDescription":-1,"shortTitle":-1,"published":6,"title":479,"photoClippings":480,"url":532,"body":-1,"shoppingInfo":-1,"bodyComponents":545},{"preTitle":-1,"metas":473,"photoFooter":475,"signature":476,"shortPreTitle":-1,"alt":-1,"photoId":478,"description":-1,"shortDescription":-1,"shortTitle":-1,"published":6,"title":479,"photoClippings":480,"url":532,"id":543,"type":358,"body":-1,"shoppingInfo":-1,"bodyComponents":544},{"metaKeywords":-1,"customMetas":474,"metaTitle":-1,"metaCanonicalURL":-1,"metaDescription":-1,"metaRobots":268},[],"\u003Cp>Coipú capturado con una trampa en Girona.\u003C/p>",{"name":477,"place":-1,"source":-1,"authorText":-1},"Departamento de Acción Climática de la Generalitat de Cataluña / EFE","111889636","Coipú capturado con una trampa en Girona.",[481,493,503,507,514,523,530],{"width":206,"url":482,"height":483,"quality":49,"childPhotoClippings":484,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","900",[485,489],{"width":280,"url":486,"height":487,"quality":283,"childPhotoClippings":488,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg","480",[],{"width":287,"url":490,"height":491,"quality":283,"childPhotoClippings":492,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_alta-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg","240",[],{"width":293,"url":494,"height":495,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":496,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_media-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","495",[497,500],{"width":280,"url":498,"height":487,"quality":299,"childPhotoClippings":499,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_media-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg",[],{"width":287,"url":501,"height":491,"quality":299,"childPhotoClippings":502,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_media-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":306,"url":504,"height":505,"quality":309,"childPhotoClippings":506,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_baja-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","225",[],{"width":312,"url":508,"height":509,"quality":315,"childPhotoClippings":510,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_mobile-ep-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","315",[511],{"width":287,"url":512,"height":491,"quality":319,"childPhotoClippings":513,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_mobile-ep-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":280,"url":515,"height":487,"quality":323,"childPhotoClippings":516,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg",[517,520],{"width":280,"url":518,"height":487,"quality":327,"childPhotoClippings":519,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg",[],{"width":287,"url":521,"height":491,"quality":327,"childPhotoClippings":522,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_mobile-sp-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":333,"url":524,"height":525,"quality":336,"childPhotoClippings":526,"type":291},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_portada-ep-libre-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","291",[527],{"width":287,"url":528,"height":491,"quality":340,"childPhotoClippings":529,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_portada-ep-libre-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg",[],{"width":531,"url":532,"height":533,"quality":291,"childPhotoClippings":534,"type":285},"1024.0","https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_default_0.jpg","768.0",[535,539],{"width":348,"url":536,"height":537,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":538,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_640w_0.jpg","480.0",[],{"width":353,"url":540,"height":541,"quality":52,"childPhotoClippings":542,"type":285},"https://estaticos-cdn.prensaiberica.es/clip/54b08ff5-0800-41f2-b5fe-3c686435873a_source-aspect-ratio_320w_0.jpg","240.0",[],"0244e418-3b86-3628-a085-3a6f06e0dac9",[],[],{"data":547,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">\u003Cstrong>La historia del coipú en el Cáucaso está empezando a repetirse ahora en España\u003C/strong>. Llegó hace unos años a \u003Cstrong>Cataluña\u003C/strong> y se ha multiplicado hasta convertirse en \u003Cstrong>una auténtica plaga\u003C/strong>. Solo en Girona se estima que hay más de 2.000 coipús. Y ya se han detectado ejemplares en ríos de \u003Cstrong>Navarra\u003C/strong> y el \u003Cstrong>País Vasco\u003C/strong>, así como en el \u003Cstrong>Guadalquivir\u003C/strong> y \u003Cstrong>Portugal\u003C/strong>.\u003C/p>",{"data":549,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Se cree que los coipús fueron introducidos en la Península Ibérica como\u003Cstrong> animales de cría para la industria peletera\u003C/strong>. Ya se han activado \u003Cstrong>medidas de control\u003C/strong>. El \u003Cstrong>trampeo\u003C/strong> parece el método más efectivo. Lo fue en Gran Bretaña, donde se logró erradicar a esta especie después de sesenta años y tras haber alcanzado los 200.000 ejemplares.\u003C/p>",{"data":551,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">…………….\u003C/p>",{"data":553,"type":254},"\u003Cp class=\"ft-text\">Contacto de la sección de Medio Ambiente: \u003Ca href=\"mailto:crisisclimatica@prensaiberica.es\" class=\"ft-link 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