CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913587f91817a093',cH: '7GOcW_3RnzzXGIavsIQag407b8HB6xl5O_89d3eg4nY-1739792725-1.2.1.1-79TExa5LNuPkkX0nLNEyO4Lzm1Q6Z8xmqPb9YTBGRiCY6jZnGt3sl4wsaiGL5Pvq',cUPMDTk: "\/10006023\/granger-causal-nexus-between-financial-development-and-energy-consumption-evidence-from-cross-country-panel-data?__cf_chl_tk=5UhQuut5QXMuJ_XAfbXMtMOqgJl2hIHkvIm0.hwU7M8-1739792725-1.0.1.1-5FtzO82eER5O.hbZ.QdeKHrATW2DiFrDtgxrVR0Y374",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792725',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10006023\/granger-causal-nexus-between-financial-development-and-energy-consumption-evidence-from-cross-country-panel-data?__cf_chl_f_tk=5UhQuut5QXMuJ_XAfbXMtMOqgJl2hIHkvIm0.hwU7M8-1739792725-1.0.1.1-5FtzO82eER5O.hbZ.QdeKHrATW2DiFrDtgxrVR0Y374",md: "OC3M2y31r8IgxN4K.1Lin.BEiY0zRmQrdx9H1QVFiWw-1739792725-1.2.1.1-mxaD_lNGBOXcEWUzZ7gl9T2tiMIExNpHUQ2RGL6KDh.MEo3U16sz18vlE2oJhB0ncCQW1o4TnZNPGNeQ9n.L67wr8l0r9MX5aZ9H2lRTLGiceuWHyXw_XHmXTyDQFDiVdqC4a6Ks.fhBytwoAGOSF1m0QPKQaSnZKJc1n.YGFckIU99pDp5mufJNAMd_BSS0lvZe7MQEqSBVLuAw3kfukewW2HDB5fVgrhFdg4LD1Z9DHMxBy8Sk.TBXdJJVIHP1qlqy9tMfypn7U9MWLC7qRlt1wHjeKIlGtMpCUW8LiJ1_Kg5wHf2.UxsUQkEErIAVTy6XCJ7omybTvkIbHL_sd6P63.mLbsy9eB.gMotO8KZi_QcA0aXx2qa27GJ2X2sDgn7RMSNYfLrYsx2qK5DxBAJATXptYzqcWAiH_HD7vDFaXkD6BETamxaE9LZyJDBeS3pMjYdLz55ILq9eFZO7UrRWltKiK1DcrTDDLnfFPZ6WUUBCW34KeRiz5VGkBZTshh.8Vh1gqwVLaeQKXZSuIK8BTVUOIfkKVocmenF4gTFXcgpAgOubs4OM_v21ZkBVkjR1oA0Yly7xRnSBER9NlaUTwzNSuE_WZPgdSFrFGdOUGrJaZRqPUxK6cCDzxwyflOQly7rR8Tptm4zG3qWxaHEaRTspFIleczFGP15yCVZ_FEvkeeDW2fYaBgJzLRNWFHNn11WnGzHb0q59zbvmDxnYSFbBLtOB5yJWWaeS8JM9MhPdb.LPR426Bc2yfilWeyOSE4dneRpDtZ08as2gwDVa0letppaCbRuSzkkuBPgMZJelbZrj2vF1bBZ5aghOO0TQefyCt843fFD5vjumN22yfr8OIthAYBRuNKKIUSCyzLEepsa4ZjSIXJZT0cjicOLfox6DbpqvqLL3Mqk9gAqZFDcG_T4MFbn7FxwF5NaqTvesqYAVksWS3VkXXPila.TfwpXLjIXkep7NTPeg0omSL8RnEwQWgbUCyjfZY0wA4tiNIGppcyFmI2E0Yr598lS4g_bGrVB2bJGtatPV7ibO3hD9KngApgW1gDLGnSdS88ogfiNXXraF1jgD5NNz0vb.m7h0NqEXPIe7qnHuDTKtxO1G3OM6JkGVcpFDW2YkLBFTe8bTSTXQL70NtmtfNwzvzA4u4Ahz..WcCejL9WBQavR1s2bHwHg7SiegRjgD_umkdsfsjW1h47YNDVwQfGDpLYM09xkFKl904dS8_dCWhyMbXkiDyaoFaBF2UUIjjuTHtp3HhDNKq0y7Nq4R8VbWogazWYDbZHfr8xqG0b.RnDiPcKuzmthB0vXRMFxsySwuQyCDqmRRyJvrzpsc6YQre0mf8mNEk3klOYAP1L66pSnkD_VSteWA0u5.D8Lcd5F3UkXYKQ.v3ffFQ6irg1UPujYsYJoHhdwfx7vRxYH9YUsSJx3o5sr48nF_Nv.ErOHv2yf64EhA.f.FRdAjanZarRMadvnskLIFO1cGfZVp7caAtaExrGQ7n71T8f0pBPdzORiAi8I2hKQ5kVgZmN0bznlWhoSZwXUth58kEqtkFJVxiMfulp5rAZWFgUUCpAfFx5hIAlDrrj6xQgJqjFmKLp5TuAwn9ZGn4WLkt2uv_D3VwpdfHOZU1me1SzdpSSZPr8fPdtbjHZG0C4787pJXzBFi7CL2oxEiRJ_tY5wKPFylf_RrHNfBvz1iRxJtmCxO87AT1Zk.XtAmzOy_9kQbLI1PSlqYThOtH7K9GzoKxWB4878MF3Xrs8Cli0lr9TJf40KjcbaQjr5CWUH8wlimML0ltAjpOoMURufXNLwsxdRposc.lZo.MjHmIYnBw9lK8a2ecwIbQvaNFUjEdEm3O6KsY78_XXgpmGlXlB1Hv8dLac.ysMzbRzF_dtOXCp8_lCc6stcb6kP0UwGNeqrfGb0u4HGrBlYFBODPvvQap7i8mLIxAiQh1ztmHaEAgpAltPt6u.4xvHvR1DQ0GoNGi_QEbSKrD2MhKEwLnO48dfoaBkNdaN7GweDSmPYDT3BhxJ.IAPZo_mPd3Hw9AEGa5meJtW4iDfD.OgweBXQqH5k3NwR0z0Bi1Cr32WymJRNQ4nfUhOS3wDawBLSpzqzuBPSp3LGD_xcqopujY6NO9ZQWvR3QwxexgMH7dWMxX8f7LPee2vjHW5HpJFUzH6FffpFtrPNq2BT8l4LVqQ",mdrd: "ZD_fXtUrXA.JLKQ88aleyDCb6yosklfpnNAVzwLbwgg-1739792725-1.2.1.1-ZlCArewWW53tHN0iyuSxZiekmlQajvPi4NFRuZcMhH7pypQE73KuQoA4DrxvErx37pfsHQUCVYjwJ0Ftgn4pHxMmL_XEryoOp_I9jkiYF_l44O_eyAji39_gYkQ8j0zaAyjyPPru631MvS.SdHuTGTE9ixFBSJSw94agF2ZE1eiX3hm2NLUqqP5l71jMbjiv8_uDfblqdPGtWfEiA7v8_sWW1EUsibTIrMOtqq..M.GY_fDvZI_cFt3zZ.Joosf40cw7yge0CbMidPhPHH6eLH_3hcoyp.rjWIBV.BdIjK6SRRy0UhjFhgscxzh13aoDxBD4cgpngXyq4rN.uGX0jsTnaGXj7TiIgto8FE.bbOLFlCOATo0vLybPJ7pHQdd3p1kWkctE21ywcln7iQ2GpPI5Mc5le.RrDO4XKuoJKa9v5DDPeCntCkRbbFie5fuauvIfAFaHLy1yst8SNwo4CFF24AHCkfQkp8ja8UEycNAnwYZ1gQ_k7nG2g0PRrEAPZ1bFM1kmpejre.r.gv0JS9tBv3n4NWCyhiWaasCaVvgqmMuMZIE7Oyp31purPueRA4Fx4KFeHijbc5dnXKRzI42.wXUFPsAVkqAvbRMyN9koeYR0MxSvj.ac.hIJE.3KYsWZ.oMeP9laxb7cEV.KD04kti4zA60wCZSw2OaQa1rB0m5p8RUqMPyFBh4_Ssg294OVhWs7SWS4hNCU5vOUTQLMAh3rKnJTttAf75gZR6WMW1my3HeBgkABH61wGM1xKlHuVRl9vJVqCuB7G4UM_UsHtsdzm3dSNjmJBVt2sh1DaRp0TqFLXddw1aHsChFckPfoGxw5xOrVs1Fhu3TwfQtoGHkV8RwCsxO3kRTljTtYotAJLSdSKIAfacfFdegvlaNmHfUXXDUNEeXfpYMjYsnSw0pjD.iUBGUAn7edkSruPYqBZFEefThIVdm0DlJYiDPkEk3iLADWPXSHG7kar4czW3jtfO2Y_SgAGwJcwSUD1a_cSZHotg33ry5FA5VX4_Bf3c457bpimUYmYJnbqrj_Rtc1oGg6w5WMEe6LjVc11o8lLjKTk.bu3lFtlqeTAmbt79XX72906ulnzGGKKMAa1zGWgekEF3NNbs52vCvNPrQ6AAGAZX7af2Gea_qFkB1K3mRuUf_Csz4BFnuDrmUXiENvw_xzko39ibXd01fH938YMZBYcEAZTthR_6xHU7dloJhRSid_GgpnvYw158j.afckilnFCLm3dmla6tOoF9nUPDGCFMKT434cYsQO_ZXb7ZbUBmeeQTxFZJsCnX2S4FQ3LIQigIuCBijTv0flUxxo9BcVZEP32ai7xdPEAKywX1T4vjzbA4UOz9bIzKQ4TpnKpGmBE0HpI6Omz6NO.FLoNXLjnBOvxBb_6QwcqTr4yoxtFjkhCkbwCjWglUl78aJF.iusDmeQflsTRrkQEpReQsglg5tcF92XoNoyuQhNlF5f2tIEHjE3mBxHnnP.tM49oXSlU0L1Huy8PQ0mRjl6d_YdLq4Ts_V63AHCIukqdAWknqivsgp2F_e6QwGdO47Dsfacm_gJ6qWIUdQS9dgpW04.tuT5z2begoVbjDTi8dKs0pMp432hFz6r1sH5CcdODzz6A.XDkLkwChdDonTTs7P.kCT_Ue2Oed6FB8qzDY.fRFa9lg8QOy1CqrDUWx7xnZICHsEvzrQsGZouSC3clQ4ueze7BkZaGx1g7FV_DrVioU9YSvvwnGlbotDnH20qXEDx4DYKsZBkU2O.pb4OhbsigqM_HyF5Wzdi2Sa_4MV5jFzg8hCAGT6wJ2J64cV4zBZluST52QyZAsd_mWWUIZhdHbeCpygMP4UfUrhxG206Qr1ExiYNDmHTQyQ2udCUlVrg8t4TDsHr4GNC.ts.jeFu3fS_oTeXUHoPMsEYPZD07.Dt1zz7yuhAfMm2LuIEHM4j56J9j6g3bMhgkbvyCLTBUFKkFqCl.sccwfCKEetFFKoIwScj7pDc0g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913587f91817a093';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10006023\/granger-causal-nexus-between-financial-development-and-energy-consumption-evidence-from-cross-country-panel-data?__cf_chl_rt_tk=5UhQuut5QXMuJ_XAfbXMtMOqgJl2hIHkvIm0.hwU7M8-1739792725-1.0.1.1-5FtzO82eER5O.hbZ.QdeKHrATW2DiFrDtgxrVR0Y374" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>