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> <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Deskribapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deskribapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Deskribapena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deskribapena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Deskribapena azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deskribapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zentzumenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zentzumenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Zentzumenak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zentzumenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dastamena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dastamena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Dastamena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dastamena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entzumena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entzumena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Entzumena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entzumena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikusmena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikusmena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Ikusmena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikusmena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orientatzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orientatzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Orientatzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orientatzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Biologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Biologia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bizi-zikloa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bizi-zikloa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bizi-zikloa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bizi-zikloa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mugimendua,_dantza_eta_hizkuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mugimendua,_dantza_eta_hizkuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mugimendua, dantza eta hizkuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mugimendua,_dantza_eta_hizkuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Talde-antolaketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talde-antolaketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Talde-antolaketa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Talde-antolaketa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Talde-antolaketa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Talde-antolaketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erlama_edo_erregina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erlama_edo_erregina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Erlama edo erregina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erlama_edo_erregina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erlamandoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erlamandoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Erlamandoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erlamandoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erle_langileak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erle_langileak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Erle langileak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erle_langileak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erleen_garrantzia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erleen_garrantzia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erleen garrantzia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erleen_garrantzia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Erleen garrantzia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erleen_garrantzia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polinizazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polinizazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Polinizazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polinizazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osasunean_eragiten_duten_faktoreak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osasunean_eragiten_duten_faktoreak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Osasunean eragiten duten faktoreak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osasunean_eragiten_duten_faktoreak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erleak_babesteko_moduak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erleak_babesteko_moduak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Erleak babesteko moduak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erleak_babesteko_moduak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erlearen_hotsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erlearen_hotsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Erlearen hotsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erlearen_hotsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Erle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 156 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-156" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">156 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/By" title="By – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="By" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienen" title="Bienen – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bienen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A5" title="ንብ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ንብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%93o" title="Bēo – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bēo" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akw%E1%BB%8D%E1%BB%8Dk" title="Akwọọk – oboloera" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Akwọọk" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="oboloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84" title="نحل – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نحل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%95%DC%92%DC%AB%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܕܒܫܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܕܒܫܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84" title="نحل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نحل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84" title="النحل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="النحل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeya" title="Abeya – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abeya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amo_ka_wapisitc" title="Amo ka wapisitc – atikamekwera" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Amo ka wapisitc" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekwera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0" title="На – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="На" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayrunq%27u" title="Wayrunq'u – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Wayrunq'u" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%B1" title="Arı – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бал ҡорттары – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бал ҡорттары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyawan" title="Nyawan – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nyawan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%97t%C4%ABs" title="Bėtīs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bėtīs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Пчолы – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пчолы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Пчолы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пчолы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Пчели – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пчели" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanyi" title="Wanyi – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Wanyi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF" title="মৌমাছি – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মৌমাছি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="སྦྲང་མ། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྦྲང་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenan" title="Gwenan – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwenan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%8Dela" title="Pčela – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pčela" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Зүгы – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зүгы" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B2fils" title="Antòfils – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antòfils" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Накхармозий – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Накхармозий" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putyokan" title="Putyokan – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Putyokan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%B3" title="ᎦᏍᎪᏳ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏍᎪᏳ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1hnoma" title="Háhnoma – txeieneera" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Háhnoma" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="txeieneera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ھەنگ – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balqurt" title="Balqurt – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Balqurt" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%8Dely" title="Včely – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Včely" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82-%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80" title="Хурт-хăмăр – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хурт-хăмăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenynen" title="Gwenynen – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwenynen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bier_(Apiformes)" title="Bier (Apiformes) – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bier (Apiformes)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia" title="Shia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Shia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienen" title="Bienen – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bienen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C9%9B%CC%88c" title="Kiɛ̈c – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Kiɛ̈c" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Μέλισσα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέλισσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev" title="Ev – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ev" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee" title="Bee – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bee" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelo" title="Abelo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="زنبور عسل – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنبور عسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesipisti%C3%A4iset" title="Mesipistiäiset – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mesipistiäiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BD" title="Bý – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bý" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeille" title="Abeille – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abeille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82f" title="Âf – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Âf" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach" title="Beach – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seillean" title="Seillean – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Seillean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abella" title="Abella – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abella" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سیفتال – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سیفتال" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiru" title="Eiru – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Eiru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98udan_zuma" title="Ƙudan zuma – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙudan zuma" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BBng-%C3%A9" title="Phûng-é – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phûng-é" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דבורים – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דבורים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhmakkhi" title="Madhmakkhi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Madhmakkhi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%A8y" title="Abèy – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Abèy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մեղուներ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեղուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8" title="Մեղուները – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մեղուները" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebah" title="Lebah – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lebah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyokan" title="Uyokan – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Uyokan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Нокхармозий – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Нокхармозий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelo" title="Abelo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BDflugur" title="Býflugur – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Býflugur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8A%E3%83%90%E3%83%81" title="ハナバチ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハナバチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფუტკრები – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფუტკრები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1rre" title="Hárre – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hárre" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tizizwit" title="Tizizwit – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tizizwit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%CA%8A" title="Tʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwai" title="Shwai – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Shwai" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ropa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Жабайы ара – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жабайы ара" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C7%9Dman" title="Kǝman – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Kǝman" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%BF%80%EB%B2%8C%EB%A5%98" title="꿀벌류 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="꿀벌류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%84%D9%95%D8%B1" title="تُلٕر – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تُلٕر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AA%C5%9Fhingiv" title="Mêşhingiv – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mêşhingiv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenenen" title="Gwenenen – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gwenenen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Аары – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthophila" title="Anthophila – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anthophila" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abea" title="Abea – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Abea" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_(tier)" title="Eva (tier) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Eva (tier)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit%C4%97s" title="Bitės – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bitės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bites" title="Bites – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bites" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawon" title="Tawon – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Tawon" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renitantely" title="Renitantely – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Renitantely" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1%D0%BA%D1%88" title="Мӱкш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мӱкш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngaro_huruhuru" title="Ngaro huruhuru – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ngaro huruhuru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Пчели – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пчели" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2" title="അന്തോഫില – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തോഫില" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Зөгий – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зөгий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebah" title="Lebah – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lebah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C4%A7la" title="Naħla – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Naħla" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပျား – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပျား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85" title="زرزم – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زرزم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immen" title="Immen – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Immen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मौरी – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मौरी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C3%B6h%C3%B6" title="Faöhö – niasera" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Faöhö" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="niasera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijen" title="Bijen – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bijen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bie" title="Bie – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bier" title="Bier – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADs%CA%BCn%C3%A1" title="Tsísʼná – navajoera" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsísʼná" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelha" title="Abelha – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Abelha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehil%C3%A4ine" title="Mehiläine – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mehiläine" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BF" title="ମହୁମାଛି – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହୁମାଛି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਭੌਰਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੌਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pszczo%C5%82y" title="Pszczoły – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pszczoły" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="مکھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelha" title="Abelha – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abelha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin%C4%83" title="Albină – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Albină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alghin%C3%A2" title="Alghinâ – aromaniera" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Alghinâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Пчёлы – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пчёлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Пчолы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пчолы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मधुमक्षिका – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मधुमक्षिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee" title="Bee – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bee" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مکا – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مکا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%8Dela" title="Pčela – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pčela" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazzwit" title="Tazzwit – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tazzwit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee" title="Bee – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cebele" title="Čebele – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čebele" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuchi" title="Nyuchi – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyuchi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shini" title="Shini – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shini" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleta" title="Bleta – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bleta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Пчеле – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пчеле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin" title="Bin – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyuki" title="Nyuki – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nyuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="அந்தோபிலா – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அந்தோபிலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkbayra" title="Kkbayra – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kkbayra" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9A%E1%A5%AA%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B2" title="ᥚᥪᥒᥲ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥚᥪᥒᥲ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D3%AF%D1%80" title="Занбӯр – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Занбӯр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="ผึ้ง – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผึ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubuyog" title="Bubuyog – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bubuyog" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%B1" title="Arı – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88_(%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%8B)" title="Муш (нымы-кибы) – udmurtera" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Муш (нымы-кибы)" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Бджоли – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бджоли" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="مکھی – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکھی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asalari" title="Asalari – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezj%C3%A4i%C5%BEed" title="Mezjäižed – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mezjäižed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong" title="Ong – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bien" title="Bien – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bien" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moxhe_al_l%C3%A5me" title="Moxhe al låme – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Moxhe al låme" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyog" title="Buyog – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Buyog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E6%97%8F" title="蜂族 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蜂族" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B3" title="Зөг – kalmykera" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Зөг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmykera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בין – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵣⵡⵉⵜ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵣⵡⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%82%E9%A1%9E" title="花蜂類 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="花蜂類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phang" title="Phang – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%82" title="花蜂 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="花蜂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyosi" title="Inyosi – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inyosi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7391#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Erle" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Erle" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Erle"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Erle"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Erle" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Erle" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&oldid=9924813" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Erle&id=9924813&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FErle"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FErle"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Erle"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Erle&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anthophila" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7391" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" 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/></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="rellink noprint"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulu hau intsektuari buruzkoa da; izena gaitzat duena beste hau da: «<a href="/wiki/Erlea" title="Erlea">Erlea</a>»</i></dd></dl></div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width: 220px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:rgb(220,235,245);">Erle</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Honey_bee_on_flower_with_pollen_collected_on_rear_leg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Honey_bee_on_flower_with_pollen_collected_on_rear_leg.jpg/240px-Honey_bee_on_flower_with_pollen_collected_on_rear_leg.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Honey_bee_on_flower_with_pollen_collected_on_rear_leg.jpg/360px-Honey_bee_on_flower_with_pollen_collected_on_rear_leg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Honey_bee_on_flower_with_pollen_collected_on_rear_leg.jpg/480px-Honey_bee_on_flower_with_pollen_collected_on_rear_leg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anthophila" title="c:Category:Anthophila"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anthophila" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Anthophila">Irudi gehiago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:rgb(220,235,245);"><a href="/wiki/Sailkapen_zientifiko" title="Sailkapen zientifiko">Sailkapen zientifikoa</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold;">Erreinua</td><td style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold;">Filuma</td><td style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Artropodo" title="Artropodo">Arthropoda</a></td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold;">Klasea</td><td style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Intsektu" title="Intsektu">Insecta</a></td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold;">Ordena</td><td style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hymenoptera" title="Hymenoptera">Hymenoptera</a> </td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold;">Baliorik ez </td><td style="font-style:normal;"><b>Anthophila</b><br /><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant:small-caps;"><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre André Latreille (sortu gabe)">Latreille</a>, 1804</div></div> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:rgb(220,235,245);">Familiak</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Andrenidae" title="Andrenidae">Andrenidae</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Apidae" title="Apidae">Apidae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colletidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colletidae (sortu gabe)">Colletidae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasypodaidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasypodaidae (sortu gabe)">Dasypodaidae</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Halictidae" title="Halictidae">Halictidae</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Megachilidae" title="Megachilidae">Megachilidae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meganomiidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meganomiidae (sortu gabe)">Meganomiidae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melittidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melittidae (sortu gabe)">Melittidae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenotritidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stenotritidae (sortu gabe)">Stenotritidae</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Antofiloak</b> (grekeraz: "loreak maitatzen dituztenak") edo <b>erleak</b> <a href="/wiki/Hymenoptera" title="Hymenoptera">intsektu himenopteroen</a> talde bat dira, <a href="/wiki/Apoidea" title="Apoidea">Apoidea</a> <a href="/wiki/Familia_(biologia)" title="Familia (biologia)">superfamiliaren</a> barruan kokatzen direnak, baina ez inolako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategoria_taxonomiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategoria taxonomiko (sortu gabe)">kategoria taxonomikoan</a>. Erleek 20.000 espezie inguruko talde <a href="/wiki/Monofiletiko" title="Monofiletiko">monofiletikoa</a> osatzen dute. Iñurriek bezala, <a href="/wiki/Liztor" title="Liztor">liztorretatik</a> eboluzionatu zuten. Erleen arbasoak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crabonidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crabonidae (sortu gabe)">Crabonidae</a> familiako kideak dira, eta intsektuen harrapakariak dira. Baliteke lehen erleak harrapakinen gaineko <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polen-aleez</a> elikatu izana, eta haien kumeek apurka-apurka intsektuak harrapatzeari utzi eta polen-aleez elikatzen hastea.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erle-espezie asko oraindik ez dira identifikatu. Kontinente guztietan aurki daitezke, <a href="/wiki/Antartika" title="Antartika">Antartikan</a> izan ezik. Izan ere, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnoliofito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnoliofito (sortu gabe)">magnoliofitoak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Landare_loredun" title="Landare loredun">angiospermoak</a> diren <a href="/wiki/Landare_loredun" title="Landare loredun">loredun landareak</a> hazten diren <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> guztietan aurkitzen dira. <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektarrez</a> elikatzeko moldatuta daude. Gehienetan, polena <a href="/wiki/Larba" title="Larba">larbak</a> elikatzeko erabiltzen dute, eta nektarra, berriz, energia-material gisa. Espezierik ezagunena etxe-erlea edo erle arrunta da (<i><a href="/wiki/Erle_arrunt" title="Erle arrunt">Apis mellifera</a></i>). <a href="/wiki/Eusozialitate" title="Eusozialitate">Intsektu sozialak</a> dira, hiru indibiduo klasek (<a href="/wiki/Erlama" title="Erlama">erreginak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erle_langile" title="Erle langile">langileak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erlamando" title="Erlamando">erlamandoak</a>) osatzen duten erladi deritzen kolonietan<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bizi direnak. Langileak arduratzen dira koloniako eginkizun guztiez: habia eraiki, mantendu eta egurastu, janari bila joan, eta erregina etengabe erruten dituen arrautzak zaintzeaz.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atezaintzaz ere arduratu behar dira<b>;</b> hori da erle langile gazteen (atezainen) azken egitekoa erlauntzez kanpoko lanetan hasi aurretik. Erladiaren zaintza dute helburu edozein eraso edo lapurretaren aurka.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hala ere, erle-espezie gehienak bakartiak dira, hau da, ez dute koloniarik osatzen. Erle bakartiak etxe-erleak ez bezala, bakarka bizi diren erleak dira. Edonork ikusi ditu erle bakartiak leiho-zuloan sartu-irtenean, sarritan beren gorputza polenez beteta. Beren habia indibiduala hosto, lurrez edo, egiten dute, errundako arrautzaren ondoan janaria ipiniz. Larbak handik jan eta jaioko da berak ere bizitza bakartia eramanez. Uste da Europan bakarrik 2.000 espezie edo badirela eta 20.000tik gora munduan.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erle erdisozialen talde bat ere badago, koloniak eratzeko ahalmena duena, adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Erlastar" title="Erlastar">erlastarren</a> taldea. Hala ere, erle erdisozialek osatzen dituzten koloniak ez dira etxe-erlearenak bezain handiak eta iraunkorrak. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deskribapena">Deskribapena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Deskribapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Deskribapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erleak liztor <a href="/wiki/Apoidea" title="Apoidea">apoideotik</a> bereizten dira haien gorputza estaltzen duten ileengatik. Erleen kasuan, ileak lumatsuak eta adarkatuak dira. Erle eme gehienek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eskopak0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eskopak0 (sortu gabe)">eskopak</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbikulak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korbikulak (sortu gabe)">korbikulak</a> deritzen organoak dituzte polena garraiatzeko. Normalean atzeko hanketan edo sabelalde bentralean kokaturik daude. Atzeko hego-zainen antolaketa ere desberdina da erleetan eta liztorretan. Emeetan sabelaldeko azken xafla dortsala bitan banatuta dago.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portaerari dagokionez, aipatzekoa da <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polena</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektarra</a> biltzen dituztela larbak elikatzeko. Funtzio hori betetzeko moldaera anatomiko eta fisiologikoak dituzte. Liztor batzuek ere har ditzakete horrelako jokaerak, hala nola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poleneko_liztorrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poleneko liztorrak (sortu gabe)">poleneko liztorrek</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brachygastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brachygastra (sortu gabe)">Brachygastra</a></i> generokoek edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camoat%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camoatí (sortu gabe)">camoatí</a> liztorrek. Badaude larbak sarratsez elikatzen dituzten erle-espezieak ere.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Indonesiako <i><a href="/wiki/Megachile_pluto" title="Megachile pluto">Megachile pluto</a></i> erretxina-erlea tamainarik handieneko espeziea da. Emeak 39 mm-ko luzera izatera irits daitezke.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meliponini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meliponini (sortu gabe)">Meliponini</a></i> tribuaren eztenarik gabeko erlea tamainarik txikienekoa da. Tribu horretako erle langileek 2 mm / 2 cm arteko luzera dute. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Honey_bee_portrait_(5454333517).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Honey_bee_portrait_%285454333517%29.jpg/258px-Honey_bee_portrait_%285454333517%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Honey_bee_portrait_%285454333517%29.jpg/387px-Honey_bee_portrait_%285454333517%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Honey_bee_portrait_%285454333517%29.jpg/516px-Honey_bee_portrait_%285454333517%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Erle baten aurretiko bista</figcaption></figure><p>Erleak bi begi konposatu dituzte, buruko zati handi bat hartzen dutenak. Begien artean hiru begi sinple dituzte, argiaren intentsitatea hautemateko funtzioa dutenak. <a href="/wiki/Antena_(biologia)" title="Antena (biologia)">Antenak</a> hamahiru segmentuz osatuta daude arretan, eta hamabi segmentuz osatuta emeetan. Zentzumen-organo anitz dituzte, hala nola kimiorrezeptoreak, eta usaimen- eta dastamen-organoak. Haizearen mugimenduak ere hautematen dituzte, eta horri esker, maiztasun txikiko soinuak entzun ditzakete. Ahoan pieza xurgatzaileak eta murtxikatzaileak dituzte. Gainera, mingain luze bat dute nektarra xurgatzeko<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Toraxa 3 segmentuz osaturik dago, eta bakoitzean hanka pare bat dute. Gainera, bigarren eta hirugarren segmentuek hego pare bana dute. <a href="/wiki/Apinae" title="Apinae">Erle korbikulatuen</a> aurreko hankek orraziak dituzte antenak garbitu ahal izateko. Espezie askotako erle emeek orrazi edo saskiak dituzte polena garraiatzeko. Hegoak batera mugitzen dira hegaldian zehar. Aurreko eta atzeko hegoak hego-kako bidez lotuta daude. </p><p>Sabelaldea eraldatuta dago, beste himenoptero <a href="/wiki/Apocrita" title="Apocrita">apokritoetan</a> bezala; lehen segmentuak bigarrenarekin bat egin, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propodeoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propodeoa (sortu gabe)">propodeoa</a> eratzen du. Emeetan azken segmentua eraldaturik dago, eta <a href="/wiki/Ezten" title="Ezten">eztena</a> eman du. Etxe-erlean sabelaldea zazpi segmentuz osaturik dago.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arnasketari dagokionez, beste intsektuek bezala, erleek ez dute ahotik arnasten, ez dute birikarik, baizik eta gorputzean zehar zulo txiki (<i>estigma</i> deituak) batzuetatik hartzen dute arnasa. Estigmetatik hodiak (<i>trakea</i> izenekoak) abiatzen dira barnerantz. Trakeok hodi txikiagotan adarkatzen dira behin eta berriz, gero eta estuagoetan gorputzeko alde guztietara iritsiz. Azkenean, gasentzako iragazkorrak diren mintzak dituzte eta haietan barna egiten da O₂-aren eta CO₂-aren arteko trukea.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zentzumenak">Zentzumenak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zentzumenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Zentzumenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bereziki aipagarriak dira erlearen dastamena, entzumena, ikusmena eta espazioan orientatzeko gaitasuna. Bestalde, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garbizaletasun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garbizaletasun (sortu gabe)">Garbizaletasuna</a> ezaugarri genetikoa da erleen artean. Erle gazteen egitekoa izaten da erlauntza garbi mantentzea, baina ez dira erladi guztiak berdin izaten garbizale, ezaugarri genetikoa da. Zenbat eta garbizaleago den erladi bat, orduan eta gaixotasun gutxiago izaten du, gaixotasunez hildako larbak lehenbailehen kanporatuz kutsapena ekiditen dutelako.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dastamena">Dastamena</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Dastamena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Dastamena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erleen <a href="/wiki/Dastamen" title="Dastamen">dastamen</a>-organoa mihia da, pentsatzekoa denez. Edonork usteko du erleek gauza gozoekiko sentimen aparta izango dutela, baina ez da hala. Gizakiontzat gozoak diren zenbait azukre-kontzentrazio, erleentzat zaporegabeak dira; izan ere, eztiak % 20 soilik du ura eta azukre-kontzentrazio baxuko likidoak bilduz gero, itzelezko lana egin beharko lukete haiei hainbeste ur kentzen. Beraz, azukre-kontzentrazio altuko likidoak (% 40tik gorakoak) bakarrik zaizkie erakargarri.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Entzumena">Entzumena</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Entzumena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Entzumena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Entzumen" title="Entzumen">Entzumenari</a> dagokionez, erleetan ez da ezagutzen entzumen-organo espezifikorik. Hala ere oso sentikor dira aire (<a href="/wiki/Antena" title="Antena">antenen</a> bidez) eta substratuaren (hanka-muturren bidez) <a href="/wiki/Bibrazio" title="Bibrazio">bibrazioekiko</a>. Esan daiteke, ordea, zerbait entzuten dutela, bestela ez da ulertzen nola erregina bat baino gehiago, jadanik heldutasunera iritsita, habiatik irteteko zain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operkulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operkulu (sortu gabe)">operkulua</a> kenduta, hasten diren elkarri txioka, garrasi mehe baten antzekoak egiten, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erreginen_kantua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erreginen kantua (sortu gabe)">erreginen kantua</a></i> deitua. Interpretatzen da elkarri mehatxuka aritzen direla. Gorrak balira, ez luke kantu horrek zentzurik.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ikusmena">Ikusmena</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikusmena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ikusmena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ikusmenari dagokionez, erleek bi begi konposatu dituzte eta hiru begi bakun. Hiru begi bakunetatik (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ozelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ozelo (sortu gabe)">ozelo</a></i> deituak) ez dute imajinarik jasotzen; argitasunaren intentsitatea nabaritzen dute eta begi bakun horien bidez <a href="/wiki/Polarizatzaile" title="Polarizatzaile">argi polarizatua</a> senti dezakete. Bi begi konposatuak, berriz, 6.000 begitxoz (<i><a href="/wiki/Omatidio" title="Omatidio">omatidio</a></i> deituak) osatuta daude bakoitza. Omatidio bakoitzetik jasotzen duen imajinaren bidez imajina bakar bat osatzen da zerebroan, mosaiko baten eran. Koloreen pertzepzioari dagokionez, gizakiaren parekoa dute bi salbuespenekin: kolore <a href="/wiki/Gorri" title="Gorri">gorria</a> ez dute ikusten eta <a href="/wiki/Ultramore" title="Ultramore">ultramorea</a> (guk ikusten ez duguna), berriz, bai.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orientatzea">Orientatzea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Orientatzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Orientatzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orientatzeko ahalmen berezia du. Erleak erlauntzetik urruntzen direnean behar dute ahalmenen bat berriro gune berera itzultzeko. Erlea urrunetik erlategira eguzkiaren laguntzaz hurbiltzen da; behin erlategira hurbiltzen denean memoria topografikoaz baliatzen da: zuhaitzak, harriak, beste erlauntzak… Orientazioa bi mailatan bereizi daiteke, urrunekoa eta gertukoa:<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Urruneko orientazioa:</i> Frogatu da erleak gai direla argi polarizatua hautemateko. Eguzki-argia atmosferatik igarotzean <a href="/wiki/Polarizatzaile" title="Polarizatzaile">polarizatu</a> egiten da, hau da, plano bakarrean bibratzen du. Gizakiok ez gara gai, tresneriarik gabe, argi polarizatua hautemateko, bai ordea erleak. Bibrazio-plano horren gidaritzapean konpontzen dira irten diren erlauntzera itzultzeko, baita zerua laino denean ere.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Gertuko orientazioa:</i> Behin erlauntzetik gertu direnean <a href="/wiki/Tipografia" title="Tipografia">memoria topografikoaz</a> baliatzen dira eta irten diren unera jotzen dute itsu-itsuan. Jokaera hori garrantzizkoa da erlezaintzako zenbait unetan eta erlezainak erabiltzen du larrean dabiltzan erleak berena ez den erlauntz batera bideratzeko. Alegia, demagun erladi ahul xamar bat duela erlezainak eta indar-kolpe bat eman nahi diola; indar handia duen erlauntz bat bere lekutik kendu eta haren tokian ahula jartzen badu, indartsuaren erle larrelariak erladi ahulean sartuko dira. (Alta! Operazio hau egiteko hainbat pauso eman behar dira, ezin da ero-ero egin).<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologia">Biologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Biologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Biologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bizi-zikloa">Bizi-zikloa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bizi-zikloa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bizi-zikloa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erleen bizi-zikloa (erle sozialena zein bakartiena) hainbat etapak osatzen dute <a href="/wiki/Arrautza" title="Arrautza">arrautzatik</a> hasita. Larbak ez dauka hankarik, eta hainbat <a href="/wiki/Muda_(biologia)" title="Muda (biologia)">muda-alditatik</a> pasatzen da. Azkeneko tamainara heldutakoan, <a href="/wiki/Pupa" title="Pupa">pupa</a> bihurtzen da. Pupa bihurtzeko, <a href="/wiki/Metamorfosi_(biologia)" title="Metamorfosi (biologia)">metamorfosia</a> pairatzen du. Hegodun heldua pupatik sortzen da. <a href="/wiki/Klima_epel" title="Klima epel">Klima epeleko</a> erle erdisozial eta bakarti gehienek negua pupa edo heldu estadioan igarotzen dute. Horiek udaberrian sortzen dira, landare asko loratzen hasten direnean, hain zuzen ere. Oro har, arrak emeak baino arinago sortzen dira, eta emeen bila jarduten dute, ugaltzeko. <a href="/wiki/Erlastar" title="Erlastar">Erlastarren</a> eta beste zenbait espezieren kasuan, ugaldutako emeek soilik gaindituko dute negua. Aurreko belaunaldiko ar guztiak hil egingo dira negua iritsi bezain laster. </p><p>Haplodiploidia sistemak erleen sexua determinatzen du. Ernaldutako arrautzetatik emeak sortuko dira eta ernaldu gabekoetatik arrak. Estali ostean, erle emeak esperma gordetzen du, eta zein arrautza ernalduko duen eta zein ez kontrola dezake. Erle tropikalek, beste klimetako erleek ez bezala, belaunaldi bat baino gehiago eduki dezakete urtean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diapausa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diapausa (sortu gabe)">diapausa</a> egoeratik igaro gabe. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arrautza" title="Arrautza">Arrautza</a>, oro har, luzanga, pixka bat kurbatua, eta mutur zorroztuna da. Erle bakartien kasuan, arrautza bakoitza <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polen</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektar</a> nahastearekin hornitutako gelaxka hexagonal bakoitzean uzten da. <a href="/wiki/Habia" title="Habia">Habia</a> lurzoruko edo egurreko zuloa izan daiteke. Erle sozialek, aldiz, mailakako elikadura egiten dute, hau da, <a href="/wiki/Larba" title="Larba">larbak</a> elikagaiak jasotzen ditu garapen osoan zehar. Erlastarren, <a href="/wiki/Ezten" title="Ezten">eztenik</a> gabeko erleen eta etxe-erleen habiek <a href="/wiki/Abaraska" title="Abaraska">abaraskadun</a> egitura konplexuak eduki ditzakete.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oro har, larbek zizare zurixken antza daukate, pixka bat obalatuak dira eta 15 segmentu dituzte. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segmentua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segmentua (sortu gabe)">Segmentu</a> bakoitzean arnasketarako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espirakulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espirakulu (sortu gabe)">espirakuluak</a> dituzte. Nahiz eta hankarik ez duten, ertzetako tuberkuluak erabiliz, gelaxka barrutik mugi daitezke. Buruan adar txikiak dituzte, garatuko direnean <a href="/wiki/Antena_(biologia)" title="Antena (biologia)">antena</a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, janaria murtxikatzeko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barailak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barailak (sortu gabe)">baraila</a> eta ahoaren bi aldeetako <a href="/wiki/Apendize" class="mw-redirect" title="Apendize">apendize</a> (zurda baten amaitzen direnak) bihurtuko direnak. Ahoaren atzean zeta gisa solidifikatzen den likido lirdingatsua jariatzen duen <a href="/wiki/Guruin" title="Guruin">guruina</a> dago. <a href="/wiki/Zeta" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zeta">Zeta</a> hori <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapulu (sortu gabe)">kapulu</a> bat eratzeko erabiltzen dute. Pupa kapulu erdigardenean zehar ikus daiteke. Zenbait espezietan heldua egun gutxi batzuen ostean garatzen da, metamorfosia pairatu eta gero. Une horretan, estali egiten duen <a href="/wiki/Kutikula" class="mw-disambig" title="Kutikula">kutikula</a> zabaltzen da, eta hegodun heldua sortzen da, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exubia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exubia (sortu gabe)">exubia</a> (muda) atzean utzita.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beste espezie batzuetan erle heldua <a href="/wiki/Hibernazio" title="Hibernazio">hibernatu</a> osteko udaberrian bertan sortzen da, metamorfosia pairatu gabe. Adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Megachilidae" title="Megachilidae">Megachilidae</a> familian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mugimendua,_dantza_eta_hizkuntza"><span id="Mugimendua.2C_dantza_eta_hizkuntza"></span>Mugimendua, dantza eta hizkuntza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mugimendua, dantza eta hizkuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Mugimendua, dantza eta hizkuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hamaika aldiz entzun dugu erleek hizkuntza bat dutela, eta hizkuntza hori dantza batzuetan oinarritzen dela, alegia, dantzen bidez adierazten dute janari-iturria non den. Ez da erleen <i>hizkuntza</i> gizakiok mintzatzen dugunaren parekoa, izanik ere erleen arteko komunikazio-ekintza bat da. Izatez gero, gure trafiko-seinaleen parekoa litzateke, alegia, kode-sistema itxi-mugatua, aldakaitza, errepikakorra eta jaiotzetik bertatik berez ekarria eta ez ikasia.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Karl_von_Frisch_-_Atelier_Veritas,_c._1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Karl_von_Frisch_-_Atelier_Veritas%2C_c._1926.jpg/220px-Karl_von_Frisch_-_Atelier_Veritas%2C_c._1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Karl_von_Frisch_-_Atelier_Veritas%2C_c._1926.jpg/330px-Karl_von_Frisch_-_Atelier_Veritas%2C_c._1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Karl_von_Frisch_-_Atelier_Veritas%2C_c._1926.jpg/440px-Karl_von_Frisch_-_Atelier_Veritas%2C_c._1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch-ek</a> frogatu zuen erleak <a href="/wiki/Erleen_dantza" title="Erleen dantza">erleen dantzaren</a> bidez komunikatzen direla (1926).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Fristch</a> <a href="/wiki/Etologia" title="Etologia">etologoak</a> etxe-erleen mugimendua ikertu, eta frogatu zuen erleak <a href="/wiki/Erleen_dantza" title="Erleen dantza">erleen dantzaren</a> bidez komunikatzen direla. Izan ere, erle langile batek elikagai-iturri bat aurkitzen duenean, mugimendu horren bidez jakinarazten die beste erleei. Delako dantzaren bidez, adierazten dute janaria zein norabidetan dagoen, zein distantziatan, zein usain duen eta zenbat dagoen. Adierazpen aberats hauengatik <i>erle-hizkuntza</i> ere esaten zaio.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bi dantza mota dauzkate. Bata, janari-iturria gertu dagoen egiten dutena eta bestea urrun dagoenean egiten dutena. Urruneko janaria adierazteko egiten dutena da konplexuena.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Janari-iturria gertu dagoenean dantza biribila egiten dute behin eta berriz eta adierazten dute janaria 50-100 metro baino hurbilago dagoela. Mezu hori jasotzean inguru guztiak miatzen hasten dira erleak, adibidez, erlezainak zabalik dituen erlauntzak edo han dituen trepeta guztiak. Ez dute ziztatuko baina ez dute bakean utziko eta bere lanean enbarazu handia sortuko zaio.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erleak hiru modutara orienta daitezkeela frogatu zuen: eguzkiaren, argi-izpien <a href="/wiki/Polarizazio_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Polarizazio (argipena)">polarizazioaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Lurraren_eremu_magnetikoa" title="Lurraren eremu magnetikoa">Lurraren eremu magnetikoaren</a> bidez. Aukera horietatik, eguzkiak emandako informazioa nahiago dutela frogatu zuen. Eguna lainotuta dagoenean, ordea, beste mekanismo batzuetara jotzen dute. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bi dantza-era erabiltzen dituzte: <a href="/wiki/Zirkular_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zirkular (argipena)">zirkularra</a>, elikadura-iturria berrogeita hamar metrora baino gertuago badago, eta zortzi itxurako mugimendua, aldiz, elikagaia urrunago dagoenean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Talde-antolaketa">Talde-antolaketa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Talde-antolaketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Talde-antolaketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Erlauntz" title="Erlauntz">Erlauntzan</a> hiru erle mota bizi da: <i>erregina, erlamandoak</i>, <i>erle langileak</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erlama_edo_erregina">Erlama edo erregina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erlama edo erregina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Erlama edo erregina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Erlama" title="Erlama">Erlama</a> edo erle erregina 2 cm inguru duen eme ugalkorra da, erlauntzan dagoen bakarra. Hegan ari dela ernaltzen dute erlamandoek. Sabel luzea du eta <a href="/wiki/Arrautza" title="Arrautza">arrautza</a> egiten (50.000 arrautza inguru urtean) dihardu bere bizitza osoan (bospasei urte), neguan atseden hartzen duela. Taldea behar baino handiago denean, erregina berria jaiotzen da. Lehenengoa jaiotzear dagoenean, taldea bitan banatzen da, ondoren <a href="/wiki/Erlekume-irtete" title="Erlekume-irtete">erlekume-irtetea</a> hasten da. Erregina zaharra beste erlauntza bat egitera joaten da 10.000 bat erlerekin. Erlauntzean geratu direnak erregina jaioberriaren esanetara jartzen dira eta erregina lehen sortuak lehiakide izan litezkeen beste erreginak hil egiten ditu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erlamandoak">Erlamandoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erlamandoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Erlamandoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Erlamando" title="Erlamando">Erlamandoak</a>, 2 cm inguruko erle iletsu gizenak, ehunka edo milaka batzuk izaten dira: urtaro epeletan bizi dira bakarrik. Eme langileek bildutakoa jan eta erregina ernaldu beste egitekorik ez dute. Erladia erreginarik gabe geratu eta une horretan arrautzarik ez balu erregina berria sortzeko, umezurtz geratuko da betiko, baina asteak iraun dezake erladiak zahartzearen zahartzez erabat galdu arte. Tarte horretan zenbait langile, ordura arte antzu zirenak, erruten hasten dira, baina ernaldu gabe daudenez, arrautza haietatik erlamandoak bakarrik jaiotzen dira eta erlauntza erlamandoz betetzen joaten da. Egoera horretan dagoen erladiari esaten zaio <i>erlamandotuta</i> dagoela.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erle_langileak">Erle langileak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erle langileak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Erle langileak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Bienen_mit_Brut_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bienen_mit_Brut_2.jpg/170px-Bienen_mit_Brut_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bienen_mit_Brut_2.jpg/255px-Bienen_mit_Brut_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bienen_mit_Brut_2.jpg/340px-Bienen_mit_Brut_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Erleak erlauntzan</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Erle_langile" title="Erle langile">Erle langileak</a>, 1,5 cm inguruko eme antzuak, erle emea, genetikoki diploidea, antzua eta erlauntzeko eta kanpoko lan guztiak egiten dituena. Erladiko erle motarik ugariena, uda aldean erlauntz bakarrean 60.000 buru izatera iritsi daitezke (10.000 eta 60.000 artean). Taldearen iraupenerako eginkizunak bere gain hartzen dituzte: <a href="/wiki/Erle-argizari" title="Erle-argizari">argizarizko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abaraska" title="Abaraska">abaraskak</a> egin, jaioberriak elikatzeaz arduratu, eta loreen <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektarra</a>, ura eta lore hautsa biltzen dute. Lanerako aroan 4-8 asteko bizitza du, baina neguan 5 edo 7 hilabetez ere bizi izaten da. Erle jaioberria ez da kanpoko lanetan berehala hasten. Bere lehen 20 egunak erlauntz barneko lanetan pasatzen ditu. Ondorengo lanak egiten ditu hogei egun horietan hurrenez hurren: umesabi eta erlauntzaren garbiketa; inudetza, bere barnean sartzen zaion erregina-jeleaz larbak elikatzea; argizarigintza, abdomenean sortzen zaion argizariaz abaraska berriak eraikitzea; biltegi-lana, kanpoko lanetan dabiltzan erle larrelariek dakarten nektarra edo polena dagozkien gelaxketan sartzea; eta, azkenik, atezaintza edo erlauntzaren defentsa. Lan horietan guztietan jardun ostean, hegan egiteko saio eta beroketak egin eta gero, hasten da erle langilea kanpoko lanetan. Sabel muturrean <a href="/wiki/Ezten" title="Ezten">ezten</a> <a href="/wiki/Pozoi" title="Pozoi">pozoiduna</a> du, eta inori sartuz gero zaurian lotua geratzen zaio sabel-barru zati batekin batera, eta horren ondorioz hil egiten da erlea. Hartzen duten arduraren arabera langile mota hauek bereizi daitezke:<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Lorenzo_Langstroth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lorenzo_Langstroth.jpg/220px-Lorenzo_Langstroth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lorenzo_Langstroth.jpg/330px-Lorenzo_Langstroth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lorenzo_Langstroth.jpg/440px-Lorenzo_Langstroth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Langstroth" title="Lorenzo Langstroth">Lorenzo Langstroth</a> ohartu zen erleek <a href="/wiki/Abaraska" title="Abaraska">abaraskak</a> egiten dituztenean, sabaitik zintzilik, abaraskak paralelo eraikitzen dituztela eta beti tarte bat uzten dutela bi abarasken artean. Tarte hori, «erle-pasagune» deitua, 5 eta 9 mm artekoa da. Aurkikuntza horren ondorioa izan zen erlauntzetan tarte hori errespetatuz listoi paraleloak ipintzea, erleek listoi horietatik zintzilik egin zitzaten beren abaraskak. Horrela eginik, erlezainak listoiarekin batera atera zezakeen abaraska eta aztertu haren egoera.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><b>Langile argizarigilea:</b> Erle langilea jaio eta erlauntzetik kanpoko lanetan hasi aurretik egiten duen hirugarren etxeko lana. Bere abdomenean dituen argizari-guruinak garatzen zaizkio eta abaraskagintzan jarduten da.</li> <li><b>Langile atezaina:</b> Erlauntzaren defentsa duen erle langilea, beste erle edo animalietatik babestuz. Erle langileak jaio eta erlauntzetik kanpoko lanetan hasi aurretik egiten duen azkeneko etxeko lana. Erlezainak ere bere babesak bilatu behar ditu erle atezainen aurka, gorputza babestuz eta batez ere ke bidez erleen portaera aldaraziz.</li> <li><b>Langile erruleak:</b> Erle langileak antzu jaiotzen dira larba-aldian izandako elikadura-aldaketa dela eta. Antzutasun hori erreginarengandik jasotzen dituzten feromonek mantentzen dute. Feromona horiek antzutasunez gain, erreginak langileen bereganako arta bermatu eta erregina berrien sorrera eragozten du. Erregina hil edo zahartzen denean feromona hori ez da iristen langileengana eta orduan langile batzuen obulutegiak garatu egiten dira eta erruten hasten dira. Langileak ernaldurik ez daudenez, arrautza horietatik erlamandoak bakarrik jaiotzen dira.</li> <li><b>Langile ikuskatzailea:</b> Jendeak uste du eguraldi onarekin erleak purrustadan irteten direla harat honat lore bila. Ez da hori gertatzen dena. Goizean goiz, eguraldi ona denean, langile batzuk bakarrik irteten dira erlauntzetik, <i>langile ikuskatzaile</i> deituak. Hauek han eta hemen ibiliz lore nektardunik aurkitzen badute, erlauntzera itzuli eta dantza bidez adierazten diete besteei non aurkitu duten janaria. Ikuskatzaileen berririk gabe ez dira besteak irteten.</li> <li><b>Langile inudea:</b> Larbak elikatzeaz eta horiek zaintzeaz arduratzen den erle langilea. Etxeko lanetan bigarrena da egiteko hau. Langile gazteei buru barneko guruin hipofaringeoak garatzen zaizkie eta erregina-jelea sortzen zaie haietan. Erregina-jelea ahora heltzen zaie eta horrekin larbak elikatzen dituzte.</li> <li><b>Langile larrelaria:</b> Nektarra, polena, propolia edo ura biltzera erlauntzetik kanpora joaten den erle langilea. Beste modu batera esanda, larrera joaten edo irteten den langilea.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erleen_garrantzia">Erleen garrantzia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erleen garrantzia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Erleen garrantzia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:ABEJA_(Melissodes_comptoides.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ABEJA_%28Melissodes_comptoides.jpg/244px-ABEJA_%28Melissodes_comptoides.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ABEJA_%28Melissodes_comptoides.jpg/366px-ABEJA_%28Melissodes_comptoides.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ABEJA_%28Melissodes_comptoides.jpg/488px-ABEJA_%28Melissodes_comptoides.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Erlea.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lurrean, gizarte-ongizatea sostengatzen eta hobetzen da naturak ahalbidetutako prozesu ekologikoei esker. Giza elikagai asko polinizazio entomofiloaren menpe daude hein handi batean: erleek eta beste polinizatzaile batzuek ekosistemari eskaintzen dioten zerbitzu gakoa da polinizazioa. Funtsezko prozesu hori egingo ez balute, kontsumitzen ditugun nekazaritza-produktuen laborantzetako herena gutxi gorabehera beste baliabide batzuen bidez polinizatu behar lukete.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frutari, barazkiei eta haragi edo esne laborantzarako erabilitako kultiboei larriki eragingo lieke, zalantzarik gabe, intsektu polinizatzaileen jaitsierak.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etxe-erle espezieak, bereziki, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, polinizatzaile nagusietakoak dira zenbait eskualde geografikoetan ikuspuntu ekonomikotik. Hala ere, azken urteetan, hainbat gaixotasun, pestizida eta beste ingurumen-presioak eraginda ikusi dira. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Landareetako polen-transferentzia hazi- eta fruitu-ekoizpenerako behar duen landare-espezie askok inpaktu larria jasan lezakete populazioak aldatzen direnean. Ugalketarako funtsezko baldintza ez denean ere, erleek polena garraiatzen dutenean hazi gehiago eta fruitu handiagoak ekoitz ditzatela. Izan ere, polinizazio hobe batek eragin zuzena dauka loraldiaren eta emankortasunaren arteko denboran. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langstroth_erlauntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langstroth erlauntza (sortu gabe)">Langstroth erlauntza</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Colmena.jpg/271px-Colmena.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Colmena.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="183" /></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Langstroth-hive.jpg/114px-Langstroth-hive.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Langstroth-hive.jpg/171px-Langstroth-hive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Langstroth-hive.jpg/228px-Langstroth-hive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="754" /></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Open_Langstroth_hive_of_Italian_honeybees.jpg/250px-Open_Langstroth_hive_of_Italian_honeybees.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Open_Langstroth_hive_of_Italian_honeybees.jpg/500px-Open_Langstroth_hive_of_Italian_honeybees.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Langstroth_Frames.jpg/217px-Langstroth_Frames.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Langstroth_Frames.jpg/325px-Langstroth_Frames.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Langstroth_Frames.jpg/433px-Langstroth_Frames.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1871" /></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polinizazioa">Polinizazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Polinizazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Polinizazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm/220px--Polinizatzaileak.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="303" data-mwtitle="Polinizatzaileak.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fitxategi:Polinizatzaileak.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm/Polinizatzaileak.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm/Polinizatzaileak.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm/Polinizatzaileak.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="av01.0.08M.08, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm/Polinizatzaileak.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm/Polinizatzaileak.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm/Polinizatzaileak.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/Polinizatzaileak.webm/Polinizatzaileak.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APolinizatzaileak.webm&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela" title="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero."><img alt="Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/40px-Ikusgela-logoa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/60px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ikusgela-logoa.png/80px-Ikusgela-logoa.png 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="3334" /></a><figcaption>Bideo hau Ikusgela proiektuaren parte da. Bideoak dituzten artikulu guztiak ikus ditzakezu hemen klik eginez gero.</figcaption></figure>Animalia polinizatzaileak arriskuan daude? Eta horrela bada, zergatik?</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Landare_loredun" title="Landare loredun">Landare loredunetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polena</a> organo emeraino heltzea edo helaraztea, non <a href="/wiki/Obulu" title="Obulu">obulua</a> ernalduko duen. Hiru modutara hel daiteke: haize bidez (<a href="/wiki/Anemofilia" title="Anemofilia">anemofiloa</a>); ur bidez (<a href="/wiki/Hidrofilo" title="Hidrofilo">hidrofiloa</a>); animalia bidez (<a href="/wiki/Zoofilia" title="Zoofilia">zoofiloa</a>). Animalien bidezkoan nagusia <a href="/wiki/Intsektu" title="Intsektu">intsektu</a> bidezkoa da (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Entomofilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entomofilia (sortu gabe)">entomofiloa</a>) eta intsektuen artean oparoena erle bidezkoa. Badira beste animalia batzuk ere polen-garraioan parte hartzen dutenak, adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Saguzar" title="Saguzar">saguzar</a> batzuk eta <a href="/wiki/Kolibri" title="Kolibri">kolibriak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erleak loredun landareen edo magnoliofiten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polinizatzaile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polinizatzaile (sortu gabe)">polinizatzailerik</a> garrantzitsuenak dira. Intsektuek giza elikagaien herena polinizatzen dutela kalkulatzen da, eta intsektu polinizatzaile gehienak erleak dira. </p><p>Erle gehienek gorputz bilotsua eta ile lumaduna dute eta, horri esker, horrela karga <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatika" title="Elektrostatika">elektrostatikoa</a> eramaten dute. Ezaugarri horrek laguntzen du polena haien gorputzari atxikitzen. Haien hanken bitartez polena polen-saskietara transferitzen dute <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen-eskuila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polen-eskuila (sortu gabe)">polen-eskuila</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarotroa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarotroa (sortu gabe)">sarotroaren</a> bidez. Erle-espezie batzuk oso espezializatuak dira eta landare-espezie gutxi batzuen polena biltzen dute. Beste batzuek, aldiz, orotariko lore-landareetatik biltzen dute polena. Hala ere, erle horiek ere, denboraldi batez loredun landare-espezie bakarra bisitatzen dute. Jokaera hori onuragarria zaie landareei, ernalketa gertatzeko espezie bereko polena behar dute. Landarearen ernalketa gertatzeko, espezie bereko polena behar da eta, beraz, landareentzako onuragarria da intsektuen jokaera. Erleek usaimen-organo modura erabiltzen dituzten bi antena dituzte, loreak aurkitzeko baliagarriak zaizkienak. Horrez gain, hego pare oso meheak dituzte. Horiek, ahalbidetzen diete espezie batzuei hegaldi luzeak egitera, 12<a href="/wiki/Kilometro" title="Kilometro">km</a>-rainokoak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osasunean_eragiten_duten_faktoreak">Osasunean eragiten duten faktoreak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Osasunean eragiten duten faktoreak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Osasunean eragiten duten faktoreak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Azken urteotan, erleen populazioa nabarmen murriztu da. Gainera, erleen osasun globalak txarrera egin du. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izan ere, erle gaixoak, gose diren erleak eta erle pozoituak nagusitu egin dira. </p><p>Erleek berezko <a href="/wiki/Parasitismo" title="Parasitismo">parasitoak</a> eta gaixotasunak dituzte, ahuldu egiten dituztenak. Batzuetan erleen heriotza ere eragin dezakete. Gaixotasun eta parasito horietako asko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inbaditzaile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inbaditzaile (sortu gabe)">inbaditzaileak</a> dira, eta lekuko erleek ezin dute horien kontra egin. </p><p>Erleek elikatzeko erabiltzen dituzten loreak urriak direnean, ezin dira elikatu, ezta beren kumerik ere, adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Monolaborantza" title="Monolaborantza">monolaborantzetan</a>. Loreen urritasun hori areagotzen duten faktore asko nekazaritzarekin lotuta daude. Izan ere, <a href="/wiki/Herbizida" title="Herbizida">herbizidek</a> lore basatien hazkundea saihesten dute. Gainera, klima-aldaketak loratze-patroia alda dezake, baita loredun landareen banaketa ere.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lore asko, eta baita ingurumena ere, substantzia kimikoekin kutsatzen dira maiz, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Pestizida" title="Pestizida">pestizidekin</a>. Erleei substantzia toxikoak horiek uraren, airearen, lurzoruaren, nektarraren edo polen-aleen bitartez iristen zaizkie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erleak_babesteko_moduak">Erleak babesteko moduak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erleak babesteko moduak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Erleak babesteko moduak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasteko, polinizatzaileei eragindako kalteak saihestu behar dira, pestizida oso toxikoen erabilera desagerraraziz. Izan ere, horrelako pestizidek ez dute onurarik ekartzen nekazaritza-produktibitaterako. Pestizidarik gabeko laborantza, aldiz, guztiz bideragarria, errentagarria eta segurua da ingurumenerako.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bestetik, polinizatzaileen osasuna hobetu behar da, bai nekazaritza-ekosistemetan, bai habitat seminaturaletan. Landareen aniztasuna hainbat eskalatan handituz polinizatzaileek hainbat baliabide eduki ditzakete polena lortzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azkenik, biodibertsitate handiko laborantza egin behar da. Hau da, lurra landu behar da pestizidarik eta ongarririk erabili gabe, polinizatzaileen ugaritasuna handitzeko. <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erlearen_hotsa">Erlearen hotsa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erlearen hotsa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Erlearen hotsa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erleek (oro har, intsektuek) hegan egitean sortzen duten hotsari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burrunba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burrunba (sortu gabe)">burrunba</a> edo edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burrundara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burrundara (sortu gabe)">burrundara</a> esaten zaio euskaraz.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Onomatopeia" title="Onomatopeia">Onomatopeia</a> moduan erabili behar denean <i>brun-brun</i> edo <i>zunburrun erabiltzen da.</i> <a href="/wiki/Ziztada" title="Ziztada">Ziztatzean,</a> aldiz, onomatopeia hauek erabiltzen dira: <i>Kisk-kisk, zizt-zazt, zizt, txixt, zazt, zizta, dzazt, sast</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDanforthSipesFangBrady2006-10-10">Danforth, Bryan N.; Sipes, Sedonia; Fang, Jennifer; Brady, Seán G..  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U.P <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0521429099" title="Berezi:BookSources/0521429099">0521429099</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=221197506">221197506</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bumblebeeconservation.org/lifecycle/"><i>Lifecycle - Bumblebee Conservation Trust. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmidstatebeekeepers.org/">«The South Carolina Mid-State Beekeepers Association»</a> <i>The South Carolina Mid-State Beekeepers Association</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMunz2016">Munz, Tania.  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(2005-02-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0408550102">«Honey bees navigate according to a map-like spatial memory»</a> <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> 102 (8): 3040–3045.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0408550102">10.1073/pnas.0408550102</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:022-12"><a href="#cite_ref-:022_12-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAizpurua2020">Aizpurua, Martxel.  (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ueu.eus/argitaletxea/liburuak/erleekin-solasean">«Erleekin solasean»</a> <i>www.buruxkak.eus</i> (UEU) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-84-8438-706-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-84-8438-706-0">978-84-8438-706-0</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2020-03-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKremenWilliamsAizenGemmill-Herren2007-04">Kremen, Claire; Williams, Neal M.; Aizen, Marcelo A.; Gemmill-Herren, Barbara; LeBuhn, Gretchen; Minckley, Robert; Packer, Laurence; Potts, Simon G. <i>et al</i>..  (2007-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01018.x">«Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change»</a> <i>Ecology Letters</i> 10 (4): 299–314.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1461-0248.2007.01018.x">10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01018.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1461-023X">1461-023X</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-27)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSpivakMaderVaughanEuliss2011-01">Spivak, Marla; Mader, Eric; Vaughan, Mace; Euliss, Ned H..  (2011-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es101468w">«The Plight of the Bees†»</a> <i>Environmental Science & Technology</i> 45 (1): 34–38.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fes101468w">10.1021/es101468w</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0013-936X">0013-936X</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-27)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGaribaldiAizenKleinCunningham2011-03-21">Garibaldi, L. A.; Aizen, M. A.; Klein, A. M.; Cunningham, S. A.; Harder, L. D..  (2011-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012431108">«Global growth and stability of agricultural yield decrease with pollinator dependence»</a> <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i> 108 (14): 5909–5914.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1012431108">10.1073/pnas.1012431108</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-27)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme._United_Nations_Environment_Programme._Division_of_Eary_Warning_and_Assessment.2010">United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme. Division of Eary Warning and Assessment..  (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/729549195"><i>Global honey bee colony disorders and other threats to insect pollinators.. </i></a> UNEP <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=729549195">729549195</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-27)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWilliamsTarpyvanEngelsdorpChauzat2010-08-20">Williams, Geoffrey R.; Tarpy, David R.; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis; Chauzat, Marie-Pierre; Cox-Foster, Diana L.; Delaplane, Keith S.; Neumann, Peter; Pettis, Jeffery S. <i>et al</i>..  (2010-08-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201000075">«Colony Collapse Disorder in context»</a> <i>BioEssays</i> 32 (10): 845–846.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fbies.201000075">10.1002/bies.201000075</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0265-9247">0265-9247</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Environment_Programme._United_Nations_Environment_Programme._Division_of_Eary_Warning_and_Assessment.2010">United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme. Division of Eary Warning and Assessment..  (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/729549195"><i>Global honey bee colony disorders and other threats to insect pollinators.. </i></a> UNEP <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=729549195">729549195</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDavisHillChaseJohanns2012-10-10">Davis, Adam S.; Hill, Jason D.; Chase, Craig A.; Johanns, Ann M.; Liebman, Matt.  (2012-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047149">«Increasing Cropping System Diversity Balances Productivity, Profitability and Environmental Health»</a> <i>PLoS ONE</i> 7 (10): e47149.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0047149">10.1371/journal.pone.0047149</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKremenWilliamsAizenGemmill-Herren2007-04">Kremen, Claire; Williams, Neal M.; Aizen, Marcelo A.; Gemmill-Herren, Barbara; LeBuhn, Gretchen; Minckley, Robert; Packer, Laurence; Potts, Simon G. <i>et al</i>..  (2007-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01018.x">«Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change»</a> <i>Ecology Letters</i> 10 (4): 299–314.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1461-0248.2007.01018.x">10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01018.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1461-023X">1461-023X</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMorandinWinston2005-06">Morandin, Lora A.; Winston, Mark L..  (2005-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-5271">«WILD BEE ABUNDANCE AND SEED PRODUCTION IN CONVENTIONAL, ORGANIC, AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED CANOLA»</a> <i>Ecological Applications</i> 15 (3): 871–881.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1890%2F03-5271">10.1890/03-5271</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1051-0761">1051-0761</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAnderssonRundlöfSmith2012-02-15">Andersson, Georg K. S.; Rundlöf, Maj; Smith, Henrik G..  (2012-02-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031599">«Organic Farming Improves Pollination Success in Strawberries»</a> <i>PLoS ONE</i> 7 (2): e31599.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0031599">10.1371/journal.pone.0031599</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berria.eus/estiloliburua/gaikako-hiztegiak/21">«Hotsak. Berria Estilo Liburua»</a> <i>www.berria.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-12-10)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-width:30em;-webkit-column-width:30em;column-width:30em;-moz-column-gap:1em;-webkit-column-gap:1em;column-gap:1em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zerrenda:Animalien_hotsak" title="Zerrenda:Animalien hotsak">Zerrenda:Animalien hotsak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erleen_dantza" title="Erleen dantza">Erleen dantza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herriko_erle_beltza" title="Euskal Herriko erle beltza">Euskal Herriko erle beltza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlastar" title="Erlastar">Erlastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlezaintza" title="Erlezaintza">Erlezaintza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlauntz" title="Erlauntz">Erlauntz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erle_arrunt" title="Erle arrunt">Erle arrunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erle-argizari" title="Erle-argizari">Erle-argizari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlekume" title="Erlekume">Erlekume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlekume-irtete" title="Erlekume-irtete">Erlekume-irtetea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezti" title="Ezti">Ezti</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/37px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/55px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wiktionary-logo-eu.png/73px-Wiktionary-logo-eu.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><b><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/Azala?uselang=eu">Wikiztegian</a></b> orri bat dago honi buruz: <i><b><a href="https://eu.wiktionary.org/wiki/erle" class="extiw" title="wikt:erle">erle</a></b></i> .</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ueu.eus/argitaletxea/liburuak/erletxo-erletxo-nagusia-hil-da">Erletxo, Erletxo nagusia hil da</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Martxel_Aizpurua" title="Martxel Aizpurua">Martxel Aizpurua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Udako_Euskal_Unibertsitatea" title="Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea">UEU</a>, 2023)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231215124751/https://www.ueu.eus/argitaletxea/liburuak/erleekin-solasean">Erleekin solasean</a></i> Martxel Aizpurua (UEU, 2020)</li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abejassilvestres.es/assets/quick-guide.pdf">www.abejassilvestres.es: erleak eta antzeko intsektuak bereizteko gida txiki bat.</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style 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hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7391" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7391">Q7391</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anthophila">Anthophila</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q7391%22">Q7391</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11953073t">11953073t</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11953073t">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85012843">sh85012843</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10637430">10637430</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/bee">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Datu taxonomikoak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=255345">255345</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001516">D001516</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7391" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7391">Q7391</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" 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