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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Tim Berners-Lee</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="protected-icon" style="display:none;right:55px"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected to promote compliance with the policy on biographies of living people"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/20px-Padlock-silver.svg.png" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/30px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/40px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div> <table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><span class="fn">Sir Tim Berners-Lee</span><br/> <span class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: small"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" title="Member of the Order of Merit" class="mw-redirect">OM</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire" class="mw-redirect">KBE</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society" class="mw-redirect">FRS</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering" class="mw-redirect">FREng</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Arts" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts" class="mw-redirect">FRSA</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFBCS" title="DFBCS">DFBCS</a></span></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Sir Tim Berners-Lee.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg/220px-Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg" width="220" height="147" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg/330px-Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg/440px-Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066"/></a> <div>Berners-Lee in 2014.</div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.6em;">Born</th> <td><span class="nickname">Timothy John Berners-Lee</span><br/> <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1955-06-08</span>)</span> 8 June 1955 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow">(age 59)</span><br/> <span class="birthplace"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.6em;">Occupation</th> <td class="role"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">Computer scientist</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.6em;">Employer</th> <td class="org"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessey" title="Plessey">Plessey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.6em;">Title</th> <td class="title">Professor</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.6em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Spouse(s)</span></th> <td>Rosemary Leith</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.6em;">Parent(s)</th> <td><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway_Berners-Lee" title="Conway Berners-Lee">Conway Berners-Lee</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lee_Woods" title="Mary Lee Woods">Mary Lee Woods</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.6em;">Awards</th> <td><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awards_and_honours_presented_to_Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Awards and honours presented to Tim Berners-Lee">See full list of honours</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Website</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee">www<wbr/>.w3<wbr/>.org<wbr/>/People<wbr/>/Berners-Lee</a></span></td> </tr> </table> <p><b>Sir Timothy John</b> "<b>Tim</b>" <b>Berners-Lee</b>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" title="Member of the Order of Merit" class="mw-redirect">OM</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire" class="mw-redirect">KBE</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society" class="mw-redirect">FRS</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering" class="mw-redirect">FREng</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Arts" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts" class="mw-redirect">FRSA</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFBCS" title="DFBCS">DFBCS</a></span> (born 8 June 1955),<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> also known as <b>TimBL</b>, is an English <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer scientist</a>, best known as the inventor of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> and he implemented the first successful communication between a <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</a> client and server via the Internet sometime around mid-November of that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-weavingtheweb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weavingtheweb-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Berners-Lee is the director of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development. He is also the founder of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a>, and is a senior researcher and holder of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professors_in_the_United_States#Special_academic_ranks_.28tenured.29" title="Professors in the United States">Founders Chair</a> at the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory" title="MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory">MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory</a> (CSAIL).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> He is a director of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Science_Research_Initiative" title="Web Science Research Initiative" class="mw-redirect">Web Science Research Initiative</a> (WSRI),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> and a member of the advisory board of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Center_for_Collective_Intelligence" title="MIT Center for Collective Intelligence">MIT Center for Collective Intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 2004, Berners-Lee was <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">knighted</a> by Queen <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> for his pioneering work.<sup id="cite_ref-tecb_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tecb-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> In April 2009, he was elected a foreign associate of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="United States National Academy of Sciences" class="mw-redirect">United States National Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> He was honoured as the "Inventor of the World Wide Web" during the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony" title="2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony">2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony</a>, in which he appeared in person, working with a vintage <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT_Computer" title="NeXT Computer">NeXT Computer</a> at the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(London)" title="Olympic Stadium (London)">London Olympic Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Friar_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friar-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> He <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweeted</a> "This is for everyone",<sup id="cite_ref-OlympicsTweet_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlympicsTweet-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> which instantly was spelled out in <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD" title="LCD" class="mw-redirect">LCD</a> lights attached to the chairs of the 80,000 people in the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-Friar_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friar-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Current_work"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Current work</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Awards_and_honours"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Awards and honours</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Religious_views"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Religious views</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h2> <p>Berners-Lee was born in London, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, United Kingdom (UK),<sup id="cite_ref-W3Bio_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3Bio-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> one of four children born to <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lee_Woods" title="Mary Lee Woods">Mary Lee Woods</a> and <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway_Berners-Lee" title="Conway Berners-Lee">Conway Berners-Lee</a>. His parents worked on the first commercially-built computer, the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti_Mark_1" title="Ferranti Mark 1">Ferranti Mark 1</a>. He attended Sheen Mount Primary School, and then went on to attend south west London's independent <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_School" title="Emanuel School">Emanuel School</a> from 1969 to 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tecb_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tecb-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> A keen <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trainspotter" title="Trainspotter" class="mw-redirect">trainspotter</a> as a child, he learnt about electronics from tinkering with a model railway.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> He studied at <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" title="The Queen's College, Oxford">The Queen's College</a> of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> from 1973 to 1976, where he received a <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours" title="British undergraduate degree classification">first-class degree</a> in physics.<sup id="cite_ref-W3Bio_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3Bio-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg/220px-Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg/330px-Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="396"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tim_Berners-Lee.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Berners-Lee, 2005</div> </div> </div> <p>After graduation, Berners-Lee worked as an engineer at the telecommunications company <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessey" title="Plessey">Plessey</a> in <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a>, UK.<sup id="cite_ref-W3Bio_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3Bio-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1978, he joined D. G. Nash in <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferndown" title="Ferndown">Ferndown</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, where he helped create type-setting software for printers.<sup id="cite_ref-W3Bio_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3Bio-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Berners-Lee worked as an <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_contractor" title="Independent contractor">independent contractor</a> at <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> from June to December 1980. While there, he proposed a project based on the concept of <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a>, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> To demonstrate, he built a prototype system named <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENQUIRE" title="ENQUIRE">ENQUIRE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-linvinginternet_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linvinginternet-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>After leaving CERN in late 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems, Ltd, in Bournemouth, England.<sup id="cite_ref-faq_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> He ran the company's technical side for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> The project he worked on was a "<a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">real-time</a> <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_procedure_call" title="Remote procedure call">remote procedure call</a>" which gave him experience in <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-faq_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1984, he returned to CERN as a fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-linvinginternet_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linvinginternet-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet:</p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;"> <p>"I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a> and <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name_system" title="Domain name system" class="mw-redirect">domain name system</a> ideas and—ta-da!—the World Wide Web<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> ... Creating the web was really an act of desperation, because the situation without it was very difficult when I was working at CERN later. Most of the technology involved in the web, like the hypertext, like the Internet, multifont text objects, had all been designed already. I just had to put them together. It was a step of generalising, going to a higher level of abstraction, thinking about all the documentation systems out there as being possibly part of a larger imaginary documentation system."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </blockquote> <p>Berners-Lee wrote his proposal in March 1989 and, in 1990, redistributed it. It was then accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> He used similar ideas to those underlying the ENQUIRE system to create the World Wide Web, for which he designed and built the first <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a>. His software also functioned as an editor (called <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a>, running on the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a> operating system), and the first Web server, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN_HTTPd" title="CERN HTTPd" class="mw-redirect">CERN HTTPd</a> (short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computer_software)" title="Daemon (computer software)" class="mw-redirect">daemon</a>).</p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;"> <p>"Mike Sendall buys a NeXT cube for evaluation, and gives it to Tim [Berners-Lee]. Tim's prototype implementation on NeXTStep is made in the space of a few months, thanks to the qualities of the NeXTStep software development system. This prototype offers <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> browsing/authoring! Current Web browsers used in "surfing the Internet" are mere passive windows, depriving the user of the possibility to contribute. During some sessions in the CERN cafeteria, Tim and I try to find a catching name for the system. I was determined that the name should not yet again be taken from Greek mythology. Tim proposes "World-Wide Web". I like this very much, except that it is difficult to pronounce in French..." by Robert Cailliau, 2 November 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Ben_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ben-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </blockquote> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TimBL-112003-Shin-Yokohama.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/TimBL-112003-Shin-Yokohama.jpg/170px-TimBL-112003-Shin-Yokohama.jpg" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/TimBL-112003-Shin-Yokohama.jpg/255px-TimBL-112003-Shin-Yokohama.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/TimBL-112003-Shin-Yokohama.jpg/340px-TimBL-112003-Shin-Yokohama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="527"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TimBL-112003-Shin-Yokohama.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Berners-Lee using his <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a> in 2003</div> </div> </div> <p>The first website built was at CERN within the border of France,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> and was first put online on 6 August 1991:</p> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding: 10px 15px 10px 15px; display:table;"> <p>Info.cern.ch was the address of the world's first-ever web site and web server, running on a NeXT computer at CERN. The first web page address was <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html">http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html</a>, which centred on information regarding the WWW project. Visitors could learn more about hypertext, technical details for creating their own webpage, and even an explanation on how to search the Web for information. There are no screenshots of this original page and, in any case, changes were made daily to the information available on the page as the WWW project developed. You may find a later copy (1992) on the World Wide Web Consortium website.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </blockquote> <p>It provided an explanation of what the World Wide Web was, and how one could use a browser and set up a web server.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the W3C at MIT, which is located in <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, United States (US). It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The World Wide Web Consortium decided that its standards should be based on royalty-free technology, so that they could easily be adopted by anyone.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 2001, Berners-Lee became a patron of the East Dorset Heritage Trust, having previously lived in <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colehill" title="Colehill">Colehill</a> in <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimborne_Minster" title="Wimborne Minster">Wimborne</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Dorset" title="East Dorset">East Dorset</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In December 2004, he accepted a chair in Computer Science at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton</a>, England, to work on the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In a <i><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">Times</a></i> article in October 2009, Berners-Lee admitted that <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_scheme#Generic_syntax" title="URI scheme">the initial pair of slashes</a> ("//") in a web address were actually "unnecessary". He told the newspaper that he could easily have designed web addresses not to have the slashes. "There you go, it seemed like a good idea at the time," he said in his lighthearted apology.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_work">Current work</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timbernerslee.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Timbernerslee.jpg/220px-Timbernerslee.jpg" width="220" height="185" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Timbernerslee.jpg/330px-Timbernerslee.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Timbernerslee.jpg/440px-Timbernerslee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="862"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timbernerslee.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Tim Berners-Lee at the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>, London, on 11 March 2010</div> </div> </div> <p>In June 2009 then British Prime Minister <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> announced Berners-Lee would work with the UK Government to help make data more open and accessible on the Web, building on the work of the Power of Information Task Force.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> Berners-Lee and Professor <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Shadbolt" title="Nigel Shadbolt">Nigel Shadbolt</a> are the two key figures behind <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data.gov.uk" title="Data.gov.uk">data.gov.uk</a>, a <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Government" title="UK Government" class="mw-redirect">UK Government</a> project to open up almost all data acquired for official purposes for free re-use. Commenting on the opening up of <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a> data in April 2010 Berners-Lee said that: "The changes signal a wider cultural change in Government based on an assumption that information should be in the public domain unless there is a good reason not to—not the other way around." He went on to say "Greater openness, accountability and transparency in Government will give people greater choice and make it easier for individuals to get more directly involved in issues that matter to them."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In November 2009, Berners-Lee launched the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Foundation" title="World Wide Web Foundation">World Wide Web Foundation</a> in order to "Advance the Web to empower humanity by launching transformative programs that build local capacity to leverage the Web as a medium for positive change."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Berners-Lee is one of the pioneer voices in favour of <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_Neutrality" title="Net Neutrality" class="mw-redirect">Net Neutrality</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> and has expressed the view that <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP" title="ISP" class="mw-redirect">ISPs</a> should supply "connectivity with no strings attached," and should neither control nor monitor customers' browsing activities without their expressed consent.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> He advocates the idea that net neutrality is a kind of human network right: "Threats to the Internet, such as companies or governments that interfere with or snoop on Internet traffic, compromise basic human network rights."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Berners-Lee joined the board of advisors of start-up <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(website)" title="State (website)">State.com</a>, based in London.<sup id="cite_ref-state_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>As of May 2012, Berners-Lee is President of the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Data_Institute" title="Open Data Institute">Open Data Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:This_is_for_Everyone.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/This_is_for_Everyone.jpg/220px-This_is_for_Everyone.jpg" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/This_is_for_Everyone.jpg/330px-This_is_for_Everyone.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/This_is_for_Everyone.jpg/440px-This_is_for_Everyone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:This_is_for_Everyone.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Berners-Lee's tweet, "This is for everyone",<sup id="cite_ref-OlympicsTweet_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlympicsTweet-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony#Frankie_and_June_say...thanks_Tim_.2821:52.E2.80.9322:09.29" title="2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony">2012 Summer Olympic Games</a> in London</div> </div> </div> <p>The <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Affordable_Internet" title="Alliance for Affordable Internet">Alliance for Affordable Internet</a> (A4AI) was launched in October 2013 and Berners-Lee is leading the coalition of public and private organisations that includes <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. The A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Berners-Lee will help to decrease internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_Web_Server.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/First_Web_Server.jpg/220px-First_Web_Server.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/First_Web_Server.jpg/330px-First_Web_Server.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/First_Web_Server.jpg/440px-First_Web_Server.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_Web_Server.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> This <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT_Computer" title="NeXT Computer">NeXT Computer</a> was used by Berners-Lee at CERN and became the world's first web server</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awards_and_honours_presented_to_Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Awards and honours presented to Tim Berners-Lee">Awards and honours presented to Tim Berners-Lee</a></div> <p>Berners-Lee has received many awards and honours.</p> <p>He received a <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom">knighthood</a> in 2004 when he was promoted to <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (KBE) in the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year_Honours" title="New Year Honours">New Year Honours</a> "for services to the global development of the Internet", and was formally invested on 16 July 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-tecb_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tecb-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> On 13 June 2007, he received the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a>, becoming one of only 24 living members entitled to hold the honour, and to use the post-nominals 'O.M.' after their name.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> (The Order of Merit is within the personal bestowal of The Queen, and does not require recommendation by ministers or the Prime Minister)</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2> <p>Berners-Lee married Nancy, his wife, in 1990, at the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregational_Church" title="Congregational Church" class="mw-redirect">Congregational Church</a> in <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield, Connecticut">Fairfield, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>He splits his time between homes in the UK and US.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Religious_views">Religious views</span></h2> <p>Berners-Lee was raised as an <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican" title="Anglican" class="mw-redirect">Anglican</a>, but in his youth, he turned away from religion, and in his adulthood he became a <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist" title="Unitarian Universalist" class="mw-redirect">Unitarian Universalist</a> (UU).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> He has stated: "Like many people, I had a religious upbringing which I rejected as a teenager... Like many people, I came back to religion when we had children".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> He and his wife wanted to teach spirituality to his children, and after hearing a Unitarian minister and visiting the UU Church, they opted for it.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> He is an active member of that Church,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup> to which adheres because he perceives it as a tolerant and liberal belief. He has also recognized the value of other faiths, stating: "I believe that much of the philosophy of life associated with many religions is much more sound than the dogma which comes along with it. So I do respect them."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau" title="Robert Cailliau">Robert Cailliau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Nelson" title="Ted Nelson">Ted Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Ritchie_(entrepreneur)" title="Ian Ritchie (entrepreneur)">Ian Ritchie (entrepreneur)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eelco_van_Asperen" title="Eelco van Asperen">Eelco van Asperen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web" title="History of the World Wide Web">History of the World Wide Web</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Hughes_(Internet_pioneer)" title="Kevin Hughes (Internet pioneer)">Kevin Hughes (Internet pioneer)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">libwww</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundaneum" title="Mundaneum">Mundaneum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_neutrality" title="Network neutrality" class="mw-redirect">Network neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Otlet" title="Paul Otlet">Paul Otlet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Taylor (computer scientist)">Bob Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Pellow" title="Nicola Pellow">Nicola Pellow</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-whoswho-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U12699">"BERNERS-LEE, Sir Timothy (John)"</a>. <i>Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=BERNERS-LEE%2C+Sir+Timothy+%28John%29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU12699&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who+2014%2C+A+%26+C+Black%2C+an+imprint+of+Bloomsbury+Publishing+plc%2C+2014%3B+online+edn%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555">(subscription required)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://info.cern.ch/Proposal.html">"info.cern.ch – Tim Berners-Lee's proposal"</a>. Info.cern.ch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=info.cern.ch+%E2%80%93+Tim+Berners-Lee%27s+proposal&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.cern.ch%2FProposal.html&rft.pub=Info.cern.ch&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Berners Lee's own reference. The exact date is unknown.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-weavingtheweb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-weavingtheweb_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Berners-Lee, Tim; Mark Fischetti (1999). <i><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_the_Web:_The_Original_Design_and_Ultimate_Destiny_of_the_World_Wide_Web_by_its_inventor" title="Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor" class="mw-redirect">Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor</a></i>. Britain: Orion Business. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7528-2090-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7528-2090-7">0-7528-2090-7</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.au=Berners-Lee%2C+Tim&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.au=Mark+Fischetti&rft.btitle=Weaving+the+Web%3A+The+Original+Design+and+Ultimate+Destiny+of+the+World+Wide+Web+by+its+inventor&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7528-2090-7&rft.place=Britain&rft.pub=Orion+Business&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Berners-Lee, T. (2010). "Long Live the Web". <i>Scientific American</i> <b>303</b> (6): 80–85. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1210-80">10.1038/scientificamerican1210-80</a>. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21141362">21141362</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=Long+Live+the+Web&rft.au=Berners-Lee%2C+T.&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1210-80&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21141362&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.pages=80-85&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=303" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Shadbolt" title="Nigel Shadbolt">Shadbolt, N.</a>; Berners-Lee, T. (2008). "Web science emerges". <i>Scientific American</i> <b>299</b> (4): 76–81. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1008-76">10.1038/scientificamerican1008-76</a>. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847088">18847088</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=Web+science+emerges&rft.au=Berners-Lee%2C+T.&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.aulast=Shadbolt&rft.au=Shadbolt%2C+N.&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1008-76&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18847088&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.pages=76-81&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=299" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Berners-Lee, T.; <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Hall" title="Wendy Hall">Hall, W.</a>; <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hendler" title="James Hendler">Hendler, J.</a>; <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Shadbolt" title="Nigel Shadbolt">Shadbolt, N.</a>; Weitzner, D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262615/">"Computer Science: Enhanced: Creating a Science of the Web"</a>. <i>Science</i> <b>313</b> (5788): 769–771. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1126902">10.1126/science.1126902</a>. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902115">16902115</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=Computer+Science%3A+Enhanced%3A+Creating+a+Science+of+the+Web&rft.au=Berners-Lee%2C+T.&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Hall%2C+W.&rft.au=Hendler%2C+J.&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.au=Shadbolt%2C+N.&rft.au=Weitzner%2C+D.&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.soton.ac.uk%2F262615%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1126902&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16902115&rft.issue=5788&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=769-771&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=313" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/draper-prize.html">"Draper Prize"</a>. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=Draper+Prize&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fnewsoffice%2F2007%2Fdraper-prize.html&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://web.archive.org/web/20080628052526/http://webscience.org/about/people/">"People"</a>. The Web Science Research Initiative. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=MIT+Center+for+Collective+Intelligence+%28homepage%29&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcci.mit.edu&rft.pub=Cci.mit.edu&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://cci.mit.edu/people/index.html">"MIT Center for Collective Intelligence (people)"</a>. Cci.mit.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=MIT+Center+for+Collective+Intelligence+%28people%29&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcci.mit.edu%2Fpeople%2Findex.html&rft.pub=Cci.mit.edu&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-tecb-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tecb_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tecb_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tecb_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3357073.stm">"Web's inventor gets a knighthood"</a>. BBC. 31 December 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=Web%27s+inventor+gets+a+knighthood&rft.date=31+December+2003&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F3357073.stm&rft.pub=BBC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3899723.stm">"Creator of the web turns knight"</a>. BBC. 16 July 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=Creator+of+the+web+turns+knight&rft.date=16+July+2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F3899723.stm&rft.pub=BBC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.ddj.com/217200450">"Timothy Berners-Lee Elected to National Academy of Sciences"</a>. <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=Timothy+Berners-Lee+Elected+to+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddj.com%2F217200450&rft.pub=Dr.+Dobb%27s+Journal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=04282009">"72 New Members Chosen By Academy"</a> (Press release). United States National Academy of Sciences. 28 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=72+New+Members+Chosen+By+Academy&rft.date=28+April+2009&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww8.nationalacademies.org%2Fonpinews%2Fnewsitem.aspx%3FRecordID%3D04282009&rft.pub=United+States+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Friar-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Friar_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friar_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Friar, Karen (28 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.zdnet.com/uk/sir-tim-berners-lee-stars-in-olympics-opening-ceremony-7000001744/">"Sir Tim Berners-Lee stars in Olympics opening ceremony"</a>. <i>ZDNet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=Sir+Tim+Berners-Lee+stars+in+Olympics+opening+ceremony&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Friar%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=Friar&rft.date=28+July+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fuk%2Fsir-tim-berners-lee-stars-in-olympics-opening-ceremony-7000001744%2F&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-OlympicsTweet-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OlympicsTweet_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OlympicsTweet_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Berners-Lee, Tim (27 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://twitter.com/timberners_lee/status/228960085672599552">"This is for everyone"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>Sir Tim rejects net tracking like Phorm.</q></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=Web+inventor%27s+warning+on+spy+software&rft.au=Adams%2C+Stephen&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.date=March+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1581938%2FWeb-inventor%2527s-warning-on-spy-software.html&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.place=London&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Berners, Tim (4 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=long-live-the-web">"Tim Berners-Lee, Long Live the Web: A Call for Continued Open Standards and Neutrality, Scientific American Magazine, December 2010"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=Tim+Berners-Lee%2C+Long+Live+the+Web%3A+A+Call+for+Continued+Open+Standards+and+Neutrality%2C+Scientific+American+Magazine%2C+December+2010&rft.au=Berners%2C+Tim&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.aulast=Berners&rft.date=4+May+2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dlong-live-the-web&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-state-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-state_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://state.com/about/people">"State.com/about/people"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=State.com%2Fabout%2Fpeople&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstate.com%2Fabout%2Fpeople&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Computing, Government (23 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.guardian.co.uk/government-computing-network/2012/may/23/open-data-institute-plans-published-cabinet-office?newsfeed=true">"Government commits £10m to Open Data Institute"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=Government+commits+%C2%A310m+to+Open+Data+Institute&rft.au=Computing%2C+Government&rft.aufirst=Government&rft.aulast=Computing&rft.date=23+May+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fgovernment-computing-network%2F2012%2Fmay%2F23%2Fopen-data-institute-plans-published-cabinet-office%3Fnewsfeed%3Dtrue&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Samuel Gibbs (7 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/google-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=51918&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2foct%2f07%2fgoogle-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa">"Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Google lead coalition for cheaper internet"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.atitle=Sir+Tim+Berners-Lee+and+Google+lead+coalition+for+cheaper+internet&rft.aulast=Samuel+Gibbs&rft.au=Samuel+Gibbs&rft.date=7+October+2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2013%2Foct%2F07%2Fgoogle-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa%3FCMP%3DEMCNEWEML6619I2%26et_cid%3D51918%26et_rid%3D7107573%26Linkid%3Dhttp%253a%252f%252fwww.theguardian.com%252ftechnology%252f2013%252foct%252f07%252fgoogle-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3899723.stm">"Creator of the web turns knight"</a>. BBC. 16 July 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=Creator+of+the+web+turns+knight&rft.date=16+July+2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F3899723.stm&rft.pub=BBC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6750395.stm">"Web inventor gets Queen's honour"</a>. BBC. 13 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=Web+inventor+gets+Queen%27s+honour&rft.date=13+June+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F6750395.stm&rft.pub=BBC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephanie Sammartino McPherson. 2009. "Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web<i>. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 42</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b022ff6c-f673-11e1-9fff-00144feabdc0.html#axzz25mg7CPq7">"Lunch with the FT: Tim Berners Lee"</a>. Financial Times.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/3142618.stm">"Faces of the week"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/3142618.stm">the original</a> on 26 September 2003.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATim+Berners-Lee&rft.btitle=Faces+of+the+week&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fmagazine%2F3142618.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-auto-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernees-Lee, Tim. 1998. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/UU.html">The World Wide Web and the "Web of Life"</a></i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephanie Sammartino McPherson. 2009. "Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web<i>. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 83: "A Church Like The Web"</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eden, Richard. 2011. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8528304/Internet-pioneer-Sir-Tim-Berners-Lee-casts-a-web-of-intrigue-with-his-love-life.html">Internet pioneer Sir Tim Berners-Lee casts a web of intrigue with his love life</a></i>. The Telegraph</span></li> </ol> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2> <ul> <li><i>Tim Berners-Lee and the Development of the World Wide Web (Unlocking the Secrets of Science),</i> Ann Gaines (Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2001) <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1584150963" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-58415-096-3</a></li> <li><i>Tim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web (Ferguson's Career Biographies),</i> Melissa Stewart (Ferguson Publishing Company, 2001) <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/089434367X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89434-367-X</a> children's biography</li> <li><i>How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web</i> Robert Cailliau, James Gillies, R. Cailliau (Oxford University Press, 2000) <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192862073" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-286207-3</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://computemagazine.com/man-who-invented-world-wide-web-gives-new-definition/">Tim Berners-Lee Gives the Web a New Definition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4132752.stm">BBC2 Newsnight – Transcript of video interview of Berners-Lee on the read/write Web</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/13784/">Technology Review interview</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tim_Berners-Lee" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></b></i>.</td> </tr> </table> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="34" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tim_Berners-Lee" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></b></i></td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://twitter.com/timberners_lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> on <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://identi.ca/timbl">timbl</a> on <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identi.ca" title="Identi.ca">identi.ca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_berners_lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> at <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3805083/">Tim Berners-Lee</a> at the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.nndb.com/people/573/000023504">Tim Berners-Lee</a> at the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NNDB" title="NNDB">Notable Names Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no99-10609">Works by or about Tim Berners-Lee</a> in libraries (<a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> catalog)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a> on the W3C site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html">First World Wide Web page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://videolectures.net/iswc06_lee_itbl/">Interview with Tim Berners Lee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM6XIICm_qo">Tim Berners-Lee: The next Web of open, linked data - presentation on why he invented the internet</a> (2009), Ted Talks.</li> </ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold">First recipient</span></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Technology_Prize" title="Millennium Technology Prize">Millennium Technology Prize</a> winner</b><br/> 2004 (for the <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>)</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a></span></td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Telecommunications&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication" title="Telecommunication">Telecommunications</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div class="floatright"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Telecom-icon.svg" class="image" title="Telecommunications symbol"><img alt="Telecommunications symbol" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/50px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" width="50" height="50" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/75px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/100px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"/></a></div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_line#History" title="Semaphore line">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_prepaid_mobile_phone" title="History of the prepaid mobile phone">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_communication_technology" title="Timeline of communication technology">Timeline of communication technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconferencing#History" title="Videoconferencing">Videoconferencing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videophone#Early_history" title="Videophone">Videophone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Pioneers</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Tim Berners-Lee</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Papin_Tissot" title="Camille Papin Tissot">Camille Papin Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br/> media</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">Optical fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_line" title="Telephone line">Telephone lines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave#Communication" title="Microwave">Terrestrial microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_P1906.1" title="IEEE P1906.1">Molecules</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br/> and switching</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">Terminal node</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> (<a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user_MIMO#SDMA" title="Multi-user MIMO">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access" title="Code division multiple access">Code-division</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Networks</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_network" title="Television network">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">By continent</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Africa_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Africa</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Algeria" title="Telecommunications in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Angola" title="Telecommunications in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Benin" title="Telecommunications in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Botswana" title="Telecommunications in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Telecommunications in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burundi" title="Telecommunications in Burundi" class="mw-redirect">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cameroon" title="Telecommunications in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cape_Verde" title="Telecommunications in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chad" title="Telecommunications in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Comoros" title="Telecommunications in Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Djibouti" title="Telecommunications in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Egypt" title="Telecommunications in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Eritrea" title="Telecommunications in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gabon" title="Telecommunications in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Gambia" title="Telecommunications in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ghana" title="Telecommunications in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Telecommunications in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenya" title="Telecommunications in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lesotho" title="Telecommunications in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Liberia" title="Telecommunications in Liberia" class="mw-redirect">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Libya" title="Telecommunications in Libya" class="mw-redirect">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madagascar" title="Telecommunications in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malawi" title="Telecommunications in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mali" title="Telecommunications in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritania" title="Telecommunications in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritius" title="Telecommunications in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Morocco" title="Telecommunications in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mozambique" title="Telecommunications in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Namibia" title="Telecommunications in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niger" title="Telecommunications in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria" title="Telecommunications in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Rwanda" title="Telecommunications in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Telecommunications in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Senegal" title="Telecommunications in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Seychelles" title="Telecommunications in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Telecommunications in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somalia" title="Telecommunications in Somalia" class="mw-redirect">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Africa" title="Telecommunications in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Sudan (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sudan" title="Telecommunications in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Swaziland" title="Telecommunications in Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tanzania" title="Telecommunications in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Togo" title="Telecommunications in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tunisia" title="Telecommunications in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uganda" title="Telecommunications in Uganda" class="mw-redirect">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zambia" title="Telecommunications in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zimbabwe" title="Telecommunications in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br/> recognition</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" class="mw-redirect">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somaliland" title="Telecommunications in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Canary Islands" class="mw-redirect">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ceuta" title="Telecommunications in Ceuta" class="mw-redirect">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Melilla" title="Telecommunications in Melilla" class="mw-redirect">Melilla</a> / <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Plazas de soberanía (page does not exist)">Plazas de soberanía</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madeira" title="Telecommunications in Madeira" class="mw-redirect">Madeira</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mayotte" title="Telecommunications in Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Telecommunications in Réunion">Réunion</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(France)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Helena" title="Telecommunications in Saint Helena" class="mw-redirect">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ascension_Island" title="Telecommunications in Ascension Island" class="mw-redirect">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Telecommunications in Tristan da Cunha" class="mw-redirect">Tristan da Cunha</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Western_Sahara" title="Telecommunications in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Asia_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Asia</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Afghanistan" title="Telecommunications in Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Armenia" title="Telecommunications in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Azerbaijan" title="Telecommunications in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bahrain" title="Telecommunications in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bangladesh" title="Telecommunications in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bhutan" title="Telecommunications in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brunei" title="Telecommunications in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burma" title="Telecommunications in Burma">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cambodia" title="Telecommunications in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_East_Timor" title="Telecommunications in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Egypt" title="Telecommunications in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Indonesia" title="Telecommunications in Indonesia" class="mw-redirect">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iran" title="Telecommunications in Iran" class="mw-redirect">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iraq" title="Telecommunications in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Israel" title="Telecommunications in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Japan" title="Telecommunications in Japan" class="mw-redirect">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jordan" title="Telecommunications in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kazakhstan" title="Telecommunications in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Korea" title="Telecommunications in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Korea" title="Telecommunications in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kuwait" title="Telecommunications in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Telecommunications in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Laos" title="Telecommunications in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lebanon" title="Telecommunications in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="Telecommunications in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Maldives" title="Telecommunications in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mongolia" title="Telecommunications in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nepal" title="Telecommunications in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Oman" title="Telecommunications in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Qatar" title="Telecommunications in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Telecommunications in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Singapore" title="Telecommunications in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Telecommunications in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Syria" title="Telecommunications in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tajikistan" title="Telecommunications in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Thailand" title="Telecommunications in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkmenistan" title="Telecommunications in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uzbekistan" title="Telecommunications in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Yemen" title="Telecommunications in Yemen">Yemen</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br/> limited recognition</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="Telecommunications in the Palestinian territories" class="mw-redirect">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Taiwan" title="Telecommunications in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hong_Kong" title="Telecommunications in Hong Kong" class="mw-redirect">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Macau" title="Telecommunications in Macau">Macau</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Europe_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Telecommunications in Europe" class="mw-redirect">Telecommunications in Europe</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Andorra" title="Telecommunications in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Armenia" title="Telecommunications in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Austria" title="Telecommunications in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Azerbaijan" title="Telecommunications in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belarus" title="Telecommunications in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belgium" title="Telecommunications in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bulgaria" title="Telecommunications in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Croatia" title="Telecommunications in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Denmark" title="Telecommunications in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Estonia" title="Telecommunications in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_France" title="Telecommunications in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Germany" title="Telecommunications in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greece" title="Telecommunications in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hungary" title="Telecommunications in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iceland" title="Telecommunications in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kazakhstan" title="Telecommunications in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Latvia" title="Telecommunications in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Liechtenstein" title="Telecommunications in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Luxembourg" title="Telecommunications in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malta" title="Telecommunications in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Moldova" title="Telecommunications in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Monaco" title="Telecommunications in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montenegro" title="Telecommunications in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Norway" title="Telecommunications in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Poland" title="Telecommunications in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Portugal" title="Telecommunications in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" title="Telecommunications in Romania" class="mw-redirect">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_San_Marino" title="Telecommunications in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Serbia" title="Telecommunications in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovakia" title="Telecommunications in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovenia" title="Telecommunications in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Spain" title="Telecommunications in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sweden" title="Telecommunications in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ukraine" title="Telecommunications in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br/> recognition</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kosovo" title="Telecommunications in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Transnistria" title="Telecommunications in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gibraltar" title="Telecommunications in Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Telecommunications in the Isle of Man" class="mw-redirect">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other entities</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_European_Union" title="Telecommunications in the European Union" class="mw-redirect">European Union</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:North_America_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in North America</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Sovereign states</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Bahamas" title="Telecommunications in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Barbados" title="Telecommunications in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belize" title="Telecommunications in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Costa_Rica" title="Telecommunications in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cuba" title="Telecommunications in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Dominica" title="Telecommunications in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Grenada" title="Telecommunications in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guatemala" title="Telecommunications in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Honduras" title="Telecommunications in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jamaica" title="Telecommunications in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mexico" title="Telecommunications in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nicaragua" title="Telecommunications in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Panama" title="Telecommunications in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Telecommunications in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Telecommunications in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Telecommunications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States" title="Telecommunications in the United States" class="mw-redirect">United States</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Dependencies and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Anguilla" title="Telecommunications in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Aruba" title="Telecommunications in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bermuda" title="Telecommunications in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Telecommunications in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greenland" title="Telecommunications in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guadeloupe" title="Telecommunications in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Martinique" title="Telecommunications in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montserrat" title="Telecommunications in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Navassa_Island" title="Telecommunications in Navassa Island" class="mw-redirect">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Telecommunications in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Telecommunications in Saint Barthélemy" class="mw-redirect">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Telecommunications in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Saba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Saba (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Oceania_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Oceania</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_East_Timor" title="Telecommunications in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Fiji" title="Telecommunications in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Indonesia" title="Telecommunications in Indonesia" class="mw-redirect">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kiribati" title="Telecommunications in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Marshall Islands" class="mw-redirect">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Telecommunications in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nauru" title="Telecommunications in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Palau" title="Telecommunications in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Papua New Guinea" class="mw-redirect">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Samoa" title="Telecommunications in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tonga" title="Telecommunications in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tuvalu" title="Telecommunications in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vanuatu" title="Telecommunications in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Associated states<br/> of New Zealand</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niue" title="Telecommunications in Niue" class="mw-redirect">Niue</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br/> and other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_American_Samoa" title="Telecommunications in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_French_Polynesia" title="Telecommunications in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guam" title="Telecommunications in Guam" class="mw-redirect">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Caledonia" title="Telecommunications in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:South_America_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in South America</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Argentina" title="Telecommunications in Argentina" class="mw-redirect">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bolivia" title="Telecommunications in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brazil" title="Telecommunications in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chile" title="Telecommunications in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" title="Telecommunications in Colombia" class="mw-redirect">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ecuador" title="Telecommunications in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guyana" title="Telecommunications in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Paraguay" title="Telecommunications in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Peru" title="Telecommunications in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Suriname" title="Telecommunications in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uruguay" title="Telecommunications in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Venezuela" title="Telecommunications in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_French_Guiana" title="Telecommunications in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Telecommunications in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" class="mw-redirect"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <div> <ul> <li><img alt="Category" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31"/> <b><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" title="Category:Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></b></li> <li><img alt="Commons page" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/> <b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunication" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></b></li> <li><img alt="Portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28"/> <b><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></b></li> <li><img alt="Portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28"/> <b><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mass_surveillance" title="Portal:Mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></b></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Internet Hall of Fame"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Internet Hall of Fame"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Internet_Hall_of_Fame&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Internet Hall of Fame">Internet Hall of Fame</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span style="float:left;width:6em"> </span> <div style="font-size:110%">Pioneers</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2012</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Cohen_(engineer)" title="Danny Cohen (engineer)">Danny Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Crocker" title="Steve Crocker">Steve Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_J._Feinler" title="Elizabeth J. Feinler">Elizabeth J. Feinler</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Herzfeld" title="Charles Herzfeld" class="mw-redirect">Charles Herzfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kahn" title="Bob Kahn">Robert Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_T._Kirstein" title="Peter T. Kirstein">Peter T. Kirstein</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Klensin" title="John Klensin">John Klensin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Postel" title="Jon Postel">Jon Postel</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pouzin" title="Louis Pouzin">Louis Pouzin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Roberts_(scientist)" title="Lawrence Roberts (scientist)">Lawrence Roberts</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2013</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_D._Clark" title="David D. Clark">David Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Farber" title="David Farber" class="mw-redirect">David Farber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Howard_Frank_(Internet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Frank (Internet) (page does not exist)">Howard Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanchana_Kanchanasut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanchana Kanchanasut (page does not exist)">Kanchana Kanchanasut</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider" title="J. C. R. Licklider">J. C. R. Licklider</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Bob Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun_Murai" title="Jun Murai">Jun Murai</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kees_Neggers" title="Kees Neggers">Kees Neggers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nii_Quaynor" title="Nii Quaynor">Nii Quaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Ricart" title="Glenn Ricart">Glenn Ricart</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Taylor (computer scientist)">Robert Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wolff" title="Stephen Wolff">Stephen Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Werner_Zorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Zorn (page does not exist)">Werner Zorn</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2014</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li>Susan Estrada</li> <li>Frank Heart</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Jennings_(Internet_pioneer)" title="Dennis Jennings (Internet pioneer)">Dennis Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_Nordhagen_(physicist)" title="Rolf Nordhagen (physicist)">Rolf Nordhagen</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span style="float:left;width:6em"> </span> <div style="font-size:110%">Global connectors</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2012</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Randy_Bush_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy Bush (engineer) (page does not exist)">Randy Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilnam_Chon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilnam Chon (page does not exist)">Kilnam Chon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Hafkin" title="Nancy Hafkin">Nancy Hafkin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geoff_Huston_(internet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoff Huston (internet) (page does not exist)">Geoff Huston</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewster_Kahle" title="Brewster Kahle">Brewster Kahle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Karrenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Karrenberg (page does not exist)">Daniel Karrenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toru_Takahashi_(internet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toru Takahashi (internet) (page does not exist)">Toru Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tan_Tin_Wee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan Tin Wee (page does not exist)">Tan Tin Wee</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2013</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karen_Banks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Banks (page does not exist)">Karen Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gihan_Dias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gihan Dias (page does not exist)">Gihan Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anriette_Esterhuysen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anriette Esterhuysen (page does not exist)">Anriette Esterhuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Goldstein_(NSF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Goldstein (NSF) (page does not exist)">Steve Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teus_Hagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teus Hagen (page does not exist)">Teus Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ida_Holz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ida Holz (page does not exist)">Ida Holz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qiheng_Hu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qiheng Hu (page does not exist)">Qiheng Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haruhisa_Ishida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haruhisa Ishida (page does not exist)">Haruhisa Ishida</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barry_Leiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Leiner (page does not exist)">Barry Leiner</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Sadowsky" title="George Sadowsky">George Sadowsky</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2014</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>Dai Davies</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demi_Getschko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demi Getschko (page does not exist)">Demi Getschko</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masaki_Hirabaru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masaki Hirabaru (page does not exist)">Masaki Hirabaru</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erik_Huizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik Huizer (page does not exist)">Erik Huizer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steven_Huter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Huter (page does not exist)">Steven Huter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaya_Induruwa" title="Abhaya Induruwa">Abhaya Induruwa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorcas_Muthoni" title="Dorcas Muthoni">Dorcas Muthoni</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabir_Pun" title="Mahabir Pun">Mahabir Pun</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Srinivasan_Ramani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srinivasan Ramani (page does not exist)">Srinivasan Ramani</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Roberts_(internet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Roberts (internet) (page does not exist)">Michael Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Segal" title="Ben Segal" class="mw-redirect">Ben Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Van_Houweling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Van Houweling (page does not exist)">Douglas Van Houweling</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><span style="float:left;width:6em"> </span> <div style="font-size:110%">Innovators</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2012</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Baker" title="Mitchell Baker">Mitchell Baker</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Tim Berners-Lee</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cailliau" title="Robert Cailliau">Robert Cailliau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Jacobson" title="Van Jacobson">Van Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Landweber" title="Lawrence Landweber">Lawrence Landweber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Mockapetris" title="Paul Mockapetris">Paul Mockapetris</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Newmark" title="Craig Newmark">Craig Newmark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Tomlinson" title="Raymond Tomlinson" class="mw-redirect">Raymond Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Zimmermann" title="Philip Zimmermann" class="mw-redirect">Philip Zimmermann</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2013</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Perry_Barlow" title="John Perry Barlow">John Perry Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Fl%C3%BCckiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Flückiger (page does not exist)">François Flückiger</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Kent_(network_security)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Kent (network security) (page does not exist)">Stephen Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anne-Marie_Eklund_L%C3%B6winder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder (page does not exist)">Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henning_Schulzrinne" title="Henning Schulzrinne">Henning Schulzrinne</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">2014</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Allman" title="Eric Allman">Eric Allman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Bina" title="Eric Bina">Eric Bina</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Brandenburg" title="Karlheinz Brandenburg">Karlheinz Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cioffi" title="John Cioffi">John Cioffi</a></li> <li>Hualin Qian</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Vixie" title="Paul Vixie">Paul Vixie</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority_control" title="Authority control">Authority control</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no99-010609">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://viaf.org/viaf/85312226">85312226</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no99010609">no99010609</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://isni-url.oclc.nl/isni/0000000078666209">0000 0000 7866 6209</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://d-nb.info/gnd/121649091">121649091</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://libris.kb.se/auth/317488">317488</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://www.idref.fr/074709267">074709267</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16588000f">cb16588000f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16588000f">(data)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00854777">00854777</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0000870&CON_LNG=ENG">xx0000870</a></span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1503528">XX1503528</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table id="persondata" class="persondata noprint" style="border:1px solid #aaa; display:none; speak:none;"> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Persondata" title="Wikipedia:Persondata">Persondata</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Name</td> <td>Berners-Lee, Tim</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Alternative names</td> <td>TimBL</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Short description</td> <td>British computer scientist, best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Date of birth</td> <td>8 June 1955</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Place of birth</td> <td>London, England</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Date of death</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Place of death</td> <td></td> </tr> </table>    <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226im_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tim_Berners-Lee&oldid=650832551">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tim_Berners-Lee&oldid=650832551</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Li" title="Tim Berners-Li – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="টিম বার্নার্স-লি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D1%96" title="Цім Бернерс-Лі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B7-%D0%9B%D1%96" title="Тым Бэрнэрз-Лі – беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тим Бърнърс-Лий – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a 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hreflang="cy">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%BC_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%B9" title="Τιμ Μπέρνερς Λι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تیم برنرز لی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%80_%EB%B2%84%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4%EB%A6%AC" title="팀 버너스리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="टिम बर्नर्स ली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%A1-%D7%9C%D7%99" title="טים ברנרס-לי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv">Basa Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%80" title="ಟಿಮ್ ಬರ್ನರ್ಸ್ ಲೀ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ტიმ ბერნერს-ლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Тим Бернерс-Ли – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timotheus_Ioannes_Berners-Lee" title="Timotheus Ioannes Berners-Lee – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tims_B%C4%93rnerss-L%C4%AB" title="Tims Bērnerss-Lī – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo">Lumbaart</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Тим Бернерс-Ли – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80" title="ടിം ബർണേഴ്സ് ലീ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D9%84%D9%89" title="تيم بيرنرز لى – Egyptian Spoken Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Тим Бернерс-Ли – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE" title="တင်မ် ဘာနာလီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="टिम बर्नर्स-ली – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ティム・バーナーズ＝リー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8,_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Бернерс-Ли, Тим – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Norwegian (bokmål)" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ٹم برنرز لی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9F_%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8" title="ប៊ឺណឺស លី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh">Ripoarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D1%96" title="Тім Бернерс-Лі – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8,_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Бернерс-Ли, Тим – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Тим Бернерс-Ли – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تیم بێرنەرز لی – Sorani Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Тим Бернерс-Ли – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80" title="டிம் பேர்னேர்ஸ்-லீ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Li" title="Tim Berners-Li – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt">Татарча/tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80" title="టిమ్ బెర్నర్స్ లీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA-%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ทิม เบอร์เนิร์ส-ลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Тим Бернерс-Ли – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81-%D0%9B%D1%96" title="Тім Бернерс-Лі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ٹم برنرز لی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1-%D7%9C%D7%99" title="טים בערנערס-לי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%9F%8F%E7%B4%8D" title="李柏納 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee – Samogitian" lang="bat-smg" hreflang="bat-smg">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF-%E6%9D%8E" title="蒂姆·伯纳斯-李 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">中文</a></li> <li class="uls-p-lang-dummy"><a href="#"></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a action="edit" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80#sitelinks-wikipedia" text="Edit links" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 10 March 2015, at 23:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320124226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons 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