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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Isolating language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolating_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_analytic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_analytic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of analytic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_analytic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analitik_dill%C9%99r" title="Analitik dillər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Analitik dillər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Аналітычныя мовы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аналітычныя мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Аналитичен език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аналитичен език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_anal%C3%ADtica" title="Llengua analítica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua analítica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytick%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Analytický jazyk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Analytický jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytischer_Sprachbau" title="Analytischer Sprachbau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Analytischer Sprachbau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal%C3%BC%C3%BCtiline_keel" title="Analüütiline keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Analüütiline keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analiza_lingvo" title="Analiza lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Analiza lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_analitiko" title="Hizkuntza analitiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza analitiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زبان تحلیلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان تحلیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teanga_anail%C3%ADseach" title="Teanga anailíseach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teanga anailíseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_anal%C3%ADtica" title="Lingua analítica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua analítica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վերլուծական լեզուներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերլուծական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שפה אנליטית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפה אנליטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ანალიზური ენები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანალიზური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Анализдик тилдер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Анализдик тилдер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal%C4%ABtiska_valoda" title="Analītiska valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Analītiska valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analitin%C4%97_kalba" title="Analitinė kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Analitinė kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analitikus_nyelv" title="Analitikus nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Analitikus nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytische_taal" title="Analytische taal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Analytische taal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytisk_spr%C3%A5k" title="Analytisk språk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Analytisk språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analitik_tillar" title="Analitik tillar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Analitik tillar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_analityczne" title="Języki analityczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki analityczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_anal%C3%ADtica" title="Língua analítica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua analítica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Аналитические языки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аналитические языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_analitike" title="Gjuha analitike – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha analitike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_language" title="Analytic language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Analytic language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyyttinen_kieli" title="Analyyttinen kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Analyyttinen kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Analytiska språk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Analytiska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analitik_dil" title="Analitik dil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Analitik dil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Аналітичні мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аналітичні мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal%C3%BC%C3%BCtiline_kiil" title="Analüütiline kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Analüütiline kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AA%9E" title="分析語 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="分析語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%AD" title="分析语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="分析语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">Linguistic typology</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Morphological_typology" title="Morphological typology">Morphological</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Analytic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isolating_language" title="Isolating language">Isolating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_language" title="Synthetic language">Synthetic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusional_language" title="Fusional language">Fusional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language">Agglutinative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysynthetic_language" title="Polysynthetic language">Polysynthetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligosynthetic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligosynthetic language">Oligosynthetic</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)#Paradigms_and_morphosyntax" title="Morphology (linguistics)">Morphosyntactic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morphosyntactic_alignment" title="Morphosyntactic alignment">Alignment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nominative%E2%80%93accusative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominative–accusative language">Nominative–accusative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marked_nominative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Marked nominative language">Marked nominative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergative–absolutive language">Ergative–absolutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_ergativity" title="Split ergativity">Split ergative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetrical_voice" title="Symmetrical voice">Symmetrical voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active%E2%80%93stative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Active–stative language">Active–stative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_alignment" title="Tripartite alignment">Tripartite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominative%E2%80%93absolutive_alignment" title="Nominative–absolutive alignment">Nominative–absolutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct%E2%80%93inverse_alignment" title="Direct–inverse alignment">Direct-inverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditransitive_verb#Ditransitive.2Fmonotransitive_alignment" title="Ditransitive verb">Ditransitive/Monotransitive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secundative_language" title="Secundative language">Secundative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirective_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indirective language">Indirective</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-marking_language" title="Zero-marking language">Zero-marking </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent-marking_language" title="Dependent-marking language">Dependent-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-marking_language" title="Double-marking language">Double-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-marking_language" title="Head-marking language">Head-marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null-subject_language" title="Null-subject language">Null-subject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntactic_pivot" title="Syntactic pivot">Syntactic pivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_role" title="Theta role">Theta role</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Word_order" title="Word order">Word order</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–object word order">VO languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Subject–verb–object word order">Subject–verb–object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object_word_order" title="Verb–subject–object word order">Verb–subject–object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Verb–object–subject word order">Verb–object–subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–verb word order">OV languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Subject–object–verb word order">Subject–object–verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Object–subject–verb word order">Object–subject–verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93verb%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–verb–subject word order">Object–verb–subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verb-initial_word_order" title="Verb-initial word order">V1 word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V2_word_order" title="V2 word order">V2 word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93subject_word_order" title="Object–subject word order">OS word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_word_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Free word order">Free word order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time%E2%80%93manner%E2%80%93place" title="Time–manner–place">Time–manner–place</a></li> <li>Place–manner–time</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">Lexicon</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_term" title="Color term">Color terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">Numerals</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Template:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Template talk:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistic_typology_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistic typology topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>analytic language</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural language</a> in which a series of root/stem words is accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">prepositions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Postposition">postpositions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_particle" title="Grammatical particle">particles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modifier_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modifier (linguistics)">modifiers</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Affixes" class="mw-redirect" title="Affixes">affixes</a> very rarely. This is opposed to <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_language" title="Synthetic language">synthetic languages</a>, which synthesize many concepts into a single word, using affixes regularly. <a href="/wiki/Syntactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntactic">Syntactic</a> roles are assigned to words primarily by <a href="/wiki/Word_order" title="Word order">word order</a>. For example, by changing the individual words in the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> phrase <i>fēl-is pisc-em cēpit</i> "the cat caught the fish" to <i>fēl-em pisc-is cēpit</i> "the fish caught the cat", the fish becomes the subject, while the cat becomes the object. This transformation is not possible in an analytic language without altering the word order. Typically, analytic languages have a low <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morpheme</a>-per-<a href="/wiki/Word" title="Word">word</a> ratio, especially with respect to <a href="/wiki/Morpheme#Inflectional_morphemes" title="Morpheme">inflectional morphemes</a>. No natural language, however, is purely analytic or purely synthetic. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytic_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>analytic</i> is commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_language#Synthetic_and_analytic_languages" title="Synthetic language">a relative rather than an absolute sense</a>. The most prominent and widely used <a href="/wiki/Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European">Indo-European</a> analytic language is <a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a>, which has lost much of the <a href="/wiki/Inflectional_morphology" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflectional morphology">inflectional morphology</a> that it inherited from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> over the centuries and has not gained any new inflectional morphemes in the meantime, which makes it more analytic than most other Indo-European languages. </p><p>For example, Proto-Indo-European had much more complex <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation" title="Grammatical conjugation">grammatical conjugation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">grammatical genders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dual_(grammatical_number)" title="Dual (grammatical number)">dual number</a> and inflections for eight or nine <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_case" title="Grammatical case">cases</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">nouns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronouns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">numerals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Participle" title="Participle">participles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Postposition">postpositions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Determiner" title="Determiner">determiners</a>, Standard English has lost nearly all of them (except for three modified cases for <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronouns</a>) along with genders and dual number and simplified its conjugation. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and a majority of the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a>, characterized by free <a href="/wiki/Word_order" title="Word order">word order</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic languages">synthetic languages</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russian_grammar#Nouns" title="Russian grammar">Nouns in Russian</a> inflect for at least six cases, most of which descended from Proto-Indo-European cases, whose functions English translates by instead using other strategies like <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">prepositions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voice_(grammar)" title="Voice (grammar)">verbal voice</a>, word order, and <a href="/wiki/English_possessive" title="English possessive">possessive <i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span></i></a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern Hebrew</a> is more analytic than <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Hebrew">Classical Hebrew</a> mostly with nouns.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Classical Hebrew relies heavily on inflectional <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a> to convey <a href="/wiki/Grammaticality" title="Grammaticality">grammatical</a> relationships, while in Modern Hebrew, there has been a significant reduction of the use of inflectional morphology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isolating_language">Isolating language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytic_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Isolating language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A related concept is that of <a href="/wiki/Isolating_language" title="Isolating language">isolating languages</a>, which are those with a low morpheme-per-word ratio (taking into account <a href="/wiki/Morpheme#Derivational_bound_morphemes" title="Morpheme">derivational morphemes</a> as well). Purely isolating languages are by definition analytic and lack inflectional morphemes. However, the reverse is not necessarily true, and a language can have derivational morphemes but lack inflectional morphemes. For example, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> has many <a href="/wiki/Compound_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound word">compound words</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which gives it a moderately high ratio of morphemes per word, but since it has almost no inflectional affixes at all to convey grammatical relationships, it is a very analytic language. </p><p>English is not totally analytic in its nouns since it uses inflections for number (e.g., "one day, three days; one boy, four boys") and possession ("The boy's ball" vis-à-vis "The boy has a ball"). Mandarin Chinese, by contrast, has no inflections on its nouns: compare <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">一天</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">yī tiān</i></span> 'one day', <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">三天</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">sān tiān</i></span> 'three days' (literally 'three day'); <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">一個男孩</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">yī ge nánhái</i></span> 'one boy' (lit. 'one [entity of] male child'), <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">四個男孩</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">sì ge nánhái</i></span> 'four boys' (lit. 'four [entity of] male child'). Furthermore English is considered to be weakly inflected and comparatively more analytic than most other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> has features of <a href="/wiki/Agglutination" title="Agglutination">agglutination</a>, making use of prefixes and suffixes attached to the stems of verbs and nouns, thus making it a synthetic language rather than an analytic one. Persian is an SOV language, thus having a head-final phrase structure. Persian utilizes a noun root + plural suffix + case suffix + postposition suffix syntax similar to Turkish. For example: <i>Mashinhashunra niga mikardam</i> meaning 'I was looking at their cars'. Breaking down mashin+ha+shun+ra (car+s+their+at) we can see its agglutinative nature and the fact that Persian is able to affix a given number of dependent morphemes to a root morpheme (in this example, car). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_analytic_languages">List of analytic languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytic_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of analytic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">dynamic list</a> and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Analytic_language" title="Special:EditPage/Analytic language">adding missing items</a> with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Analytic_language" title="Special:EditPage/Analytic language">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Analytic+language%22">"Analytic language"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Analytic+language%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Analytic+language%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Analytic+language%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Analytic+language%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Analytic+language%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> (partially)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (mostly)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> (partially) <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (partially)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalto_language" title="Kalto language">Kalto</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic languages</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kra-Dai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra-Dai languages">Kra-Dai languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mien_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong-Mien language">Hmong-Mien languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybrat_language" title="Maybrat language">Maybrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixtec language">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytic_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb">Auxiliary verb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_morpheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Free morpheme">Free morpheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolating_language" title="Isolating language">Isolating language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-marking_language" title="Zero-marking language">Zero-marking language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_language" title="Synthetic language">Synthetic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">Linguistic typology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytic_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See pp. 50–51 in <a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a> (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zuckermann.org/pdf/Hybridity_versus_Revivability.pdf">"Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns"</a>, <i>Journal of Language Contact</i>, Varia 2, pp. 40–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Li, Charles and Thompson, Sandra A., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F60wDwAAQBAJ&q=isolating+OR+analytic">Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar</a></i>, University of California Press, 1981, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolm1989" class="citation book cs1">Holm, John A. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC"><i>Pidgins and Creoles: References survey</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521359405" title="Special:BookSources/9780521359405"><bdi>9780521359405</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pidgins+and+Creoles%3A+References+survey&rft.pages=338&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780521359405&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPcD7p9y3EIcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnalytic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeertsClyne1992" class="citation book cs1">Geerts, G.; Clyne, Michael G. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wawGFWNuHiwC"><i>Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110128550" title="Special:BookSources/9783110128550"><bdi>9783110128550</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+languages%3A+differing+norms+in+different+nations&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9783110128550&rft.aulast=Geerts&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Clyne%2C+Michael+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwawGFWNuHiwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnalytic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danilevitch, Olga (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2548/paper-02.pdf">"Logical Semantics Approach for Data Modeling in XBRL Taxonomies"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.umass.edu/sharris/in/gram/GrammarBook/GramCases.html">"Grammar: Cases"</a>. <i>people.umass.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=people.umass.edu&rft.atitle=Grammar%3A+Cases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.umass.edu%2Fsharris%2Fin%2Fgram%2FGrammarBook%2FGramCases.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnalytic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://clada-bg.eu/images/PDFs/Bulgarian.pdf">https://clada-bg.eu/images/PDFs/Bulgarian.pdf</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/bulgarian-language">https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/bulgarian-language</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinegishi2011" class="citation journal cs1">Minegishi, Makoto (3 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018410389107">"Description of Thai as an isolating language"</a>. <i>Social Science Information</i>. <b>50</b> (1): 62–80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Information&rft.atitle=Description+of+Thai+as+an+isolating+language&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62-80&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft.aulast=Minegishi&rft.aufirst=Makoto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%2F0539018410389107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnalytic+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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