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<li id="toc-1992:_Ordering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992:_Ordering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1992: Ordering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992:_Ordering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1993–1997:_Testing_the_prototypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1993–1997:_Testing_the_prototypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1993–1997: Testing the prototypes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1993–1997:_Testing_the_prototypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1997–2006:_The_main_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1997–2006:_The_main_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1997–2006: The main series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1997–2006:_The_main_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_onwards:_The_New_Train_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_onwards:_The_New_Train_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2006 onwards: The New Train Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_onwards:_The_New_Train_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technical information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Livery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidents_and_accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents_and_accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Incidents and accidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidents_and_accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sm6_Allegro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sm6_Allegro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sm6 <i>Allegro</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sm6_Allegro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Sm3 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pendolino Sm3" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VR_Sm3_sorozat" title="VR Sm3 sorozat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VR Sm3 sorozat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/VR_Sm3" title="VR Sm3 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="VR Sm3" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRSm3%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A" title="VRSm3電車 – Japanese" lang="ja" 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background-color:#eee;">VR Class Sm3</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Finnish_Pendolino.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Green_Finnish_Pendolino.JPG/300px-Green_Finnish_Pendolino.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Green_Finnish_Pendolino.JPG/450px-Green_Finnish_Pendolino.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Green_Finnish_Pendolino.JPG/600px-Green_Finnish_Pendolino.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2905" data-file-height="1259" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An Sm3 at <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Central railway station">Helsinki Central railway station</a> in VR's new green/white livery.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_Pendolino_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Finnish_Pendolino_interior.jpg/300px-Finnish_Pendolino_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Finnish_Pendolino_interior.jpg/450px-Finnish_Pendolino_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Finnish_Pendolino_interior.jpg/600px-Finnish_Pendolino_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The interior of a CM class carriage.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Ferroviaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Ferroviaria">Fiat Ferroviaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rautaruukki" title="Rautaruukki">Rautaruukki</a>-<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Transtech" title="Škoda Transtech">Transtech</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constructed</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>7x01–7x02: 1992–1994</li> <li>7x03–7x10: 1997–2002</li> <li>7x11–7x18: 2002–2006</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entered service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>7x01–7x02: 1995</li> <li>7x03–7x10: 2000–2002</li> <li>7x11–7x18: 2004–2006</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">18 six-carriage units</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number in service</th><td class="infobox-data">14 units</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fleet numbers</th><td class="infobox-data">7x03-7x12, 7x14-7x15, 7x17-7x18<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">309 seats</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR Group</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #000000; background-color:#eee;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Train length</th><td class="infobox-data">158.90 m (521 ft 4 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">3.73 m (12 ft 3 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor height</th><td class="infobox-data">1,270 mm (50.0 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Railway_platform_height" title="Railway platform height">Platform height</a></th><td class="infobox-data">550 mm (21.7 in) (platform)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum speed</th><td class="infobox-data">220 km/h (140 mph)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data">328 t (323 long tons; 362 short tons)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Axle_load" title="Axle load">Axle load</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14.3 t (14.1 long tons; 15.8 short tons)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Traction_motor" title="Traction motor">Traction motors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 × 500 kW (670 hp)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power output</th><td class="infobox-data">4,000 kW (5,400 hp)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Acceleration" title="Acceleration">Acceleration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>0–100 km/h (0–62 mph): 57 s: (0.5 m/s<sup>2</sup> or 1.6 ft/s<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li>0–200 km/h (0–124 mph): 193 s (0.37 m/s<sup>2</sup> or 1.2 ft/s<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Deceleration" class="mw-redirect" title="Deceleration">Deceleration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>140–0 km/h (87–0 mph): 39 s (−1.01 m/s<sup>2</sup> or −3.3 ft/s<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li>200–0 km/h (124–0 mph): 59 s (−0.94 m/s<sup>2</sup> or −3.1 ft/s<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification" title="Railway electrification">Electric system(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/25_kV_AC_railway_electrification" title="25 kV AC railway electrification"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004250000000000000♠"></span>25 kV 50 Hz AC</span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Current_collector" title="Current collector">Current collector(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pantograph</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UIC_classification_of_locomotive_axle_arrangements" title="UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements">UIC classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(1A)(A1)+(1A)(A1)+2′2′+2′2′+(1A)(A1)+(1A)(A1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Safety system(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ATP-VR/RHK" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP-VR/RHK">ATP-VR/RHK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways"><span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft</span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sm3 <i>Pendolino</i></b> (originally branded as <b>Pendolino S220</b>, and usually referred to simply as the <b>Pendolino</b>) is a class of <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed</a> <a href="/wiki/Tilting_train" title="Tilting train">body-tilting trains</a> operated by <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR Group</a>. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a> train family; its design is based on the <a href="/wiki/ETR_460" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 460">ETR 460</a>. The first two trainsets were assembled in Finland by <a href="/wiki/Rautaruukki" title="Rautaruukki">Rautaruukki</a>-<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Transtech" title="Škoda Transtech">Transtech</a> in the mid-1990s. The rest of the series of eighteen <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">EMUs</a> were built by <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Ferroviaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Ferroviaria">Fiat Ferroviaria</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>) between 2000 and 2006. The trains serve most of Finland's major cities such as Helsinki, Turku, Oulu and Joensuu with a maximum speed of 220 km/h (140 mph), although this speed is only attained between <a href="/wiki/Kerava" title="Kerava">Kerava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahti" title="Lahti">Lahti</a>. The train has a power output of 4,000 kW (5,400 hp) and weighs 328 tonnes (323 long tons; 362 short tons). </p><p>The Sm3 had a long prototype phase before the main series was ordered, with reliability issues being brought up by the press from time to time. Negative reporting continues to haunt the series' reputation. Reliability problems cannot be proven, as no statistics of specific train types are available. The train has not managed to cope with harsh Finnish weather conditions, and the time benefit of the tilting mechanism has not be taken into account since the timetables of winter 2011–2012. Nevertheless, the Sm3 has also received positive feedback from passengers and has led to increased operating speeds on the Finnish rail network. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pendolino_in_Oulu_Jan2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Pendolino_in_Oulu_Jan2009.jpg/220px-Pendolino_in_Oulu_Jan2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Pendolino_in_Oulu_Jan2009.jpg/330px-Pendolino_in_Oulu_Jan2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Pendolino_in_Oulu_Jan2009.jpg/440px-Pendolino_in_Oulu_Jan2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>An Sm3 unit at Oulu in the series' original red/white livery.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pendolino_Helsinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pendolino_Helsinki.jpg/220px-Pendolino_Helsinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pendolino_Helsinki.jpg/330px-Pendolino_Helsinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pendolino_Helsinki.jpg/440px-Pendolino_Helsinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1717" data-file-height="1206" /></a><figcaption>A Pendolino at <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Central railway station">Helsinki Central railway station</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992:_Ordering">1992: Ordering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1992: Ordering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VR announced its 2 billion <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Mark">Finnish Mark</a> Pendolino order on 7 February 1992, consisting of two firm orders and twenty-three <a href="/wiki/Option_contract" title="Option contract">options</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yle-ordering_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-ordering-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ABB_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ABB Group">ABB's</a> <a href="/wiki/X_2000" title="X 2000">X 2000</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Talgo" title="Talgo">Talgo</a> <a href="/wiki/Talgo#Talgo_Pendular" title="Talgo">Pendular</a> were considered in addition to the Italian train; the latter was chosen due to its lower price (70 million FIM per unit) and because it was already running.<sup id="cite_ref-yle-ordering_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-ordering-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only these two tilting trains were considered due to the twisting nature Finland's railway network.<sup id="cite_ref-yle-ordering_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-ordering-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beta-yle-pp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanks to its tilting mechanism, the Pendolino – unlike such other <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Europe" title="High-speed rail in Europe">European high-speed trains</a> like the <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalys" title="Thalys">Thalys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a> – does not need to run on specialised high-speed lines, which was important to VR;<sup id="cite_ref-tm-4-92_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm-4-92-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> instead, it runs on existing lines, and was expected to surpass the speed attained by traditional trains by 35%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has both beneficial and negative consequences. The trains cannot run at as high a speed as, for example, the TGV, due to the lines. However, the Pendolino can also run alongside normal non-tilting trains, allowing for greater use of the railway. Building trains that could ensure passenger comfort at high speed on these routes by tilting through the curves was seen as a much cheaper solution than reconstructing the railway network itself due to Finland's low population and long distances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The train was originally called the Sm200, but in May 1995 it was officially named Sm3 according to <a href="/wiki/VR_Group#Multiple_unit_classification_system" title="VR Group">VR's nomenclature for multiple units</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was expected that the train would, as in Italy, run at a maximum speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) and significantly shorten the travel times between major cities. As an example, the 2-hour and 7-minute travel time between Helsinki and Turku was expected to drop to 1:28<sup id="cite_ref-yle-ordering_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-ordering-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by 2010;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the top speed of the train was limited to 220 km/h (140 mph) and the advertised times were never achieved. As of July 2011, 1:44 is the fastest train link between the two cities (on the S126).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993–1997:_Testing_the_prototypes"><span id="1993.E2.80.931997:_Testing_the_prototypes"></span>1993–1997: Testing the prototypes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1993–1997: Testing the prototypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A test carriage from an <a href="/wiki/ETR_460" class="mw-redirect" title="ETR 460">ETR 460</a> arrived by boat into Finland from Italy in March 1993. It was used to test how the Pendolino would cope with Finland's winter and rail network by running it in Northern Karelia between <a href="/wiki/Nurmes" title="Nurmes">Nurmes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vieki" title="Vieki">Vieki</a>. The carriage had to be fitted with new bogies over night at Hanko as it was designed for <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> instead of the broader Finnish <span class="nowrap">1,524 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft</span>) gauge.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another carriage was built by Transtech according to the specifications of the new train (nomenclature KOEV from <i>koevaunu</i>, test carriage). It was later included in the first completed unit as the fourth car, TT 7401.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before a full trainset was finished, some test runs were made with only the first three carriages of the train in late 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first finished train was unveiled to the press on 14 October 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-yle-arkisto-esittely_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-arkisto-esittely-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first two trainsets started their regular test traffic on 27 November 1995 between Helsinki and Turku on the <a href="/wiki/Rantarata" title="Rantarata">coastal track</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beta-yle-pp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yle-arkisto-koeliikenne_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-arkisto-koeliikenne-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Test traffic was stopped only after three months, at the end of February 1996, due to technical difficulties with the trains.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Testing later resumed, and VR announced in 1997 that it would start normal operations with the Pendolino despite electrical problems.<sup id="cite_ref-yle-probs_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-probs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ability of the train to cope with the Finnish winter was put into question,<sup id="cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beta-yle-pp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but VR denied that coldness had been a factor in the electrical failures.<sup id="cite_ref-yle-probs_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-probs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1997–2006:_The_main_series"><span id="1997.E2.80.932006:_The_main_series"></span>1997–2006: The main series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1997–2006: The main series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_service_platform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_service_platform.jpg/220px-Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_service_platform.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_service_platform.jpg/330px-Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_service_platform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_service_platform.jpg/440px-Sm3_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_service_platform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="1606" /></a><figcaption>Unit 7x13, one of the final Sm3 series trains, at a service platform at <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyväskylä railway station">Jyväskylä</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Testing ended in August 1997, after the two trainsets had covered a total of 815,000 kilometres (506,000 mi) during 3,870 trips between Helsinki and Turku.<sup id="cite_ref-resiina-tilaus_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resiina-tilaus-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only six of three thousand journeys were terminated due to technical issues.<sup id="cite_ref-resiina-tilaus_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resiina-tilaus-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VR's CEO Henri Kuitunen was positive about the new train in 1998, stating that passengers feel it has been a good purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-resiina-1998_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resiina-1998-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passenger numbers rose by 17% between Helsinki and Turku in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-resiina-1998_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resiina-1998-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eight additional Pendolinos were ordered at the end 1997 at the price of FIM 77 million per train (€13 million).<sup id="cite_ref-resiina-tilaus_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resiina-tilaus-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were delivered between 2000 and 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-alstom_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alstom-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main series trains differed in various ways from the prototypes. The new trains allowed Pendolino traffic to extend: they started running between Helsinki and Jyväskylä on 22 October 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2002, the network was expanded further, and routes were continued from Tampere onwards to Oulu and from Jyväskylä to Kuopio.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the main series trains (number 7x08) was damaged during maritime transport in October 2001. The badly secured train had come loose during a storm on the Atlantic, almost causing the loss of M/S <i>Traden</i>, the ship carrying it. Thanks to good actions of the ship's crew, it was able to reach Le Havre and the train was sent back to Italy to be repaired.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not all passengers were happy with the new train. In 2005, a delegation of commuters between Helsinki and Tampere collected criticism from fellow passengers on the Internet and delivered it to VR's head of passenger transport Antti Jaatinen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegation's leader, Kaj-Erik Fohlin, had made 30 trips between the two cities in January 2005 using the Pendolino, 12 of which had been on schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last eight trains were ordered in 2002 and delivered in 2004–2006, finalising the fleet of 18 trains.<sup id="cite_ref-alstom_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alstom-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that point it had become clear that the speed limits on the rail network were mostly too low for the trains to run at their maximum operating speed,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though they were chosen specifically to prevent the costly work of straightening existing lines.<sup id="cite_ref-tm-4-92_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm-4-92-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work on lines has continued, and, on modernised lines, the speed difference between the Pendolino and non-tilting trains has become minimal.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sm3 was able to attain its maximum operating speed in regular traffic only in 2006, when a new rail line was opened between <a href="/wiki/Kerava" title="Kerava">Kerava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahti" title="Lahti">Lahti</a> and the full Pendolino fleet was available.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_onwards:_The_New_Train_Era">2006 onwards: The New Train Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2006 onwards: The New Train Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_Pendolino_coupled.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Finnish_Pendolino_coupled.JPG/220px-Finnish_Pendolino_coupled.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Finnish_Pendolino_coupled.JPG/330px-Finnish_Pendolino_coupled.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Finnish_Pendolino_coupled.JPG/440px-Finnish_Pendolino_coupled.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Two Pendolino trains coupled.</figcaption></figure> <p>VR advertised the arrival of the full Pendolino fleet with the slogan "New Train Era" (Finnish: <i>Uusi juna-aika</i>). It started on 3 September 2006, when the line between Kerava and Lahti was officially opened and timetables changed to take the full potential of the Sm3 into account. Travel times between Helsinki and eastern Finland were cut by up to an hour.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pendolino has received bad publicity since the first units were taken in service for its serious reliability issues, mostly caused by technical problems with the tilting system and the couplers.<sup id="cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beta-yle-pp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coupling problems grew particularly important with the expansion of the Pendolino network in 2006, requiring rapid on-the-fly coupling of two trains at intersection stations. Because the units often could not be coupled the train units had to be run as two separate trains running one after another. This consumed one extra train slot on the heavily used rail sections causing cascading timetable delays. Sometimes two trains would not separate after coupling them, caused by moisture in the couplers.<sup id="cite_ref-mot-2006_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mot-2006-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the problems VR ended the practice of coupling Pendolino trains on-the-fly at the two intersection stations; in Tampere in late 2007 and in Kouvola during autumn 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VR has given mixed statements about the fault-sensitivity of the train. Pentti Kuokkanen, project coordinator of VR Engineering downplayed the problems when questioned about the reliability of another Fiat Ferroviaria multiple unit, the <a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm4" title="VR Class Sm4">Sm4</a>, in 1999. According to him, the Pendolino had been VR's most reliable passenger train during winter 1998–1999.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, VR's CEO Henri Kuitunen affirmed that the Pendolino was causing serious image problems to VR Group.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the company's head of traffic control Mauno Haapala stated that the Sm3 was not more fault-sensitive than their other trains.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However during winter 2011, VR Group's head of service and production department Pertti Saarela gave a totally different answer, saying that Pendolinos are more prone to failures especially during winter.<sup id="cite_ref-hs-20110204_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hs-20110204-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is impossible to know if the train has more problems than VR's other rolling stock, as the company does not give out punctuality statistics for specific train types.<sup id="cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beta-yle-pp-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2010s, the novelty of the Pendolino has worn off and VR has even used the train in regional traffic between <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rovaniemi" title="Rovaniemi">Rovaniemi</a> due to rail works in summer 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problematic tilting mechanism was not used during winter 2010–2011<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the time benefit of the tilting was not taken into account in timetables of winter 2011–2012.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 August 2011, VR announced it would start a refurbishment of all its Sm3 units to improve the operating conditions during winter. The work will be done between 2012 and 2014 and will cost 10 million Euros. Alstom will cover half of the expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problematic couplers will be changed to allow trains to be coupled on-the-fly again at intermediate stations. Heaters will be installed in the trains' undercarriages to prevent the formation of ice during the winter. In addition to these modifications, the tilt angle of the bogies will be lowered from the current eight degrees. The operating speed of the train will remain the same.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of January 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, new couplers have been installed in at least Sm3 units 7x12 and 7x18.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VR has been experiencing high maintenance costs and a low availability of the tilting system in its daily operations with the original Italian-designed tilting hydraulics. The original solution is based on analog hydraulics with many servo valves, which the extreme temperature differences and contamination of hydraulic oil have made very failure-prone. VR contracted Finnish scientists of Tampere University of Technology to demonstrate the feasibility of a conversion of the tilting technology using digital hydraulic technology developed at the university. Digital hydraulics replace conventional continuously adjustable servo valves with a number of smaller intelligently controlled on/off valves.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result of the study was a retrofit kit for the conversion of all Pendolinos with a plug-and-play solution that fits seamlessly into the mechanical, hydraulic and electrical interfaces of present VR Pendolinos. The kit is provided by Rexroth.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two carriages were fitted with the new system in 2012. During two years of tests in Pendolino trains in normal use there was no single failure of the system. VR has decided to retrofit the entire Pendolino fleet with digital hydraulics.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pendolino traffic on the coastal line ended in December 2012. The two remaining services were replaced with InterCity trains, which run at similar speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_information">Technical information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Technical information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sm3_bogey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sm3_bogey.jpg/220px-Sm3_bogey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sm3_bogey.jpg/330px-Sm3_bogey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sm3_bogey.jpg/440px-Sm3_bogey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">bogie</a> and tilting mechanism of the Sm3.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S89_arrives_at_Pieks%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/S89_arrives_at_Pieks%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg/220px-S89_arrives_at_Pieks%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/S89_arrives_at_Pieks%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg/330px-S89_arrives_at_Pieks%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/S89_arrives_at_Pieks%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg/440px-S89_arrives_at_Pieks%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>Sm3 7x02 arrives at <a href="/wiki/Pieks%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki_railway_station" title="Pieksämäki railway station">Pieksämäki</a> with both front and tail lights on. This happens from time to time on the prototype trains due to differences with the lighting system.</figcaption></figure> <p>With its eight asynchronous three-phase AC motors delivering 4,000 kW (5,400 hp)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to move its weight of 328 tonnes (323 long tons; 362 short tons), the Sm3 does not accelerate particularly fast, reaching 200 km/h (120 mph) from a standstill only after 3 minutes and 13 seconds and a distance of 6.8 km (4.2 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-tm-4-92_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm-4-92-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tilting mechanism lets the body tilt up to 8° at speeds of over 70 km/h (43 mph),<sup id="cite_ref-tm-4-92_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm-4-92-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which helps to lessen the G-forces in the corners and allows the train to achieve its maximum speed of 220 kilometres per hour (140 mph). According to VR, the tilting system enables a 30 to 40% higher speed compared to traditional trains.<sup id="cite_ref-vr-pendolino_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vr-pendolino-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest speed ever reached by the class has been 242 km/h (150 mph) during testing.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each train consists of six cars, from front to back: IM, CM, TTC, TT, CM and IM.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IM class carriages at each end of the train are powered and fitted with a driver's compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CM class is a powered passenger car.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Class TTC is unpowered, it is equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Pantograph_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantograph (rail)">pantograph</a> and a restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TT class is an unpowered passenger car which has also a pantograph on its roof.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of the powered carriages is fitted with one motor on each of the two bogies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If needed, two trains can be coupled together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prototype and series trains have various differences. The number of seats was increased from 264 to 309<sup id="cite_ref-mtv3-liikennelaajenee_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mtv3-liikennelaajenee-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by changing the seat configuration in second class from 2+1 to 2+2.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The information screens on the outside of the carriages were moved from the center of the carriages to next to the doors.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also differences with the light switch logic, which often leads to the trains running with both front and tail lights on at the same end.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prototypes differed also originally by their restaurant car and Extra class features.<sup id="cite_ref-mtv3-liikennelaajenee_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mtv3-liikennelaajenee-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were modified in the mid-2000s to be similar to the series trains.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The doors of the two prototype trains were changed in 1999 as they were not working properly.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VR does the maintenance work of the trains itself, getting expert advice from Alstom as needed.<sup id="cite_ref-t&t-20100129_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t&t-20100129-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work is done in Helsinki and Turku.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pendolino is designed as a premium facility train. The seats are fitted with audio sockets for radio and music channels; however the radio service was dropped in 2010 due to low usage.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All seats have electricity sockets for laptops and mobile phones.<sup id="cite_ref-Seats_with_power_sockets_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seats_with_power_sockets-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Sm3 trains offer a free onboard <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> Internet access since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-WLAN_(VR-junaverkko_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WLAN_(VR-junaverkko-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The passenger information monitors over the aisle in the carriages show a clock and the train's current speed in addition to VR's marketing material and station information. They are also used to convey passenger information for the deaf. The train is accessible for wheelchairs, contains pet spaces and seats for allergic passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-vr-pendolino_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vr-pendolino-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The train has an onboard bistro, named <i>RavintoLAvaunu</i>. It has a Nordic theme and serves traditional Finnish foods and snacks. First class passengers have access to a self-service counter with coffee, tea and the day's newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-vr-pendolino_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vr-pendolino-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each train has also a closed-off conference compartment for business groups.<sup id="cite_ref-vr-pendolino_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vr-pendolino-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Routes">Routes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_pendolino_network.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Finnish_pendolino_network.svg/220px-Finnish_pendolino_network.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Finnish_pendolino_network.svg/330px-Finnish_pendolino_network.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Finnish_pendolino_network.svg/440px-Finnish_pendolino_network.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="2007" /></a><figcaption>The Finnish rail network, with Pendolino routes marked in green (showing also the Helsinki–Saint Petersburg route that was used by the <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian Trains Class Sm6"><i>Allegro</i></a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The trains are distinguished in Finnish railway timetables by the letter S. The Pendolino network radiates out from the capital <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>. Five main routes serve most of Finland's big cities:<sup id="cite_ref-vr-pendolino_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vr-pendolino-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Regular service</dt></dl> <ul><li>Helsinki–<a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>(–<a href="/wiki/Rovaniemi" title="Rovaniemi">Rovaniemi</a>)</li> <li>Helsinki–<a href="/wiki/Vaasa" title="Vaasa">Vaasa</a></li> <li>Helsinki–<a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a>-Pieksämäki</li> <li>Helsinki–<a href="/wiki/Kouvola" title="Kouvola">Kouvola</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kuopio" title="Kuopio">Kuopio</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kajaani" title="Kajaani">Kajaani</a>–<a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></li> <li>Helsinki–<a href="/wiki/Joensuu" title="Joensuu">Joensuu</a></li> <li>Helsinki–Turku</li></ul> <p>The newest service between Helsinki and <a href="/wiki/Vaasa" title="Vaasa">Vaasa</a> started on 12 December 2011, with the completion of the electrification work on the Seinäjoki–Vaasa line.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trains can run at speeds up to 200 km/h (120 mph) on routes between Helsinki and Seinäjoki, Helsinki and Turku and <a href="/wiki/Lahti" title="Lahti">Lahti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luum%C3%A4ki" title="Luumäki">Luumäki</a> as lines are being upgraded.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the line between Kerava and Lahti permits operation at the maximum speed of 220 kilometres per hour (140 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Livery">Livery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Livery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S81_passing_Pumperinm%C3%A4ki_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/S81_passing_Pumperinm%C3%A4ki_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg/220px-S81_passing_Pumperinm%C3%A4ki_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/S81_passing_Pumperinm%C3%A4ki_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg/330px-S81_passing_Pumperinm%C3%A4ki_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/S81_passing_Pumperinm%C3%A4ki_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg/440px-S81_passing_Pumperinm%C3%A4ki_at_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2871" data-file-height="1914" /></a><figcaption>The oldest Finnish Pendolino (unit 7x01) at <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a> in its green livery in 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>At least two livery variants were tested on <a href="/wiki/Scale_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale models">scale models</a>, which were later exposed at VR's conference centre at <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_central_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki central railway station">Helsinki central railway station</a>: one has a red strip for the whole length of the train, with the window backgrounds painted grey.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other is more similar to the final result, but the front of the train includes more red and no grey paint at all.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VR finally settled to a combination of both of them, which bore resemblance to the company's <a href="/wiki/InterCity_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCity in Finland">InterCity</a> livery. The bottom of the carriages is dark grey, with a red stripe distinguishing it from the white base colour. The top of the carriages is painted grey. Red colouring at the end of each car forms red <a href="/wiki/Parallelogram" title="Parallelogram">parallelograms</a> when the carriages are combined. When asked why the trains were not <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" title="Flag of Finland">blue and white</a>, VR's CEO answered that red and white fits the train and its design the best.<sup id="cite_ref-yle-arkisto-koeajolla_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle-arkisto-koeajolla-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trains were originally marked with only a V instead of the full VR logo to symbolise the company's high speed transport.<sup id="cite_ref-vorg-24313_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vorg-24313-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-v-logo_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v-logo-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same logo was also used on the <a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sr2" title="VR Class Sr2">Sr2 locomotive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-v-logo_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v-logo-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text "Pendolino S220" was written on the units according to the train's original branding.<sup id="cite_ref-vorg-24313_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vorg-24313-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On later units, VR's logo was fully painted (the same happened with the Sr2) and "S220" dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-v-logo_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v-logo-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2009, VR has been repainting its fleet in new colours according to its changed visual identity.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Green colour has replaced red, and each car now has two green parallelograms instead of one larger figure between carriages. Artwork showcasing Finnish nature decorates them. As of December 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Sm3 units 7x01 to 7x04, 7x06 to 7x10 and 7x12 have been repainted in the new livery.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidents_and_accidents">Incidents and accidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Incidents and accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 January 2003 an improperly locked door came loose in a high-speed tunnel at <a href="/wiki/Perni%C3%B6" title="Perniö">Perniö</a>. No-one was injured in the accident.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settings of all Sm3 doors were checked by the operator in the following days.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Sm3 derailed near Karjaa on 25 July 2003 due to a defect in a <a href="/wiki/Railroad_switch" title="Railroad switch">turnout</a>. The train derailed at a low speed after mechanics turned the turnout blades manually into the correct position, but forgot to check the turnout frog, which was set to a diverging track. The first three carriages of the train derailed completely, in addition to the first bogie of the fourth car.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2021 two Sm3 units crashed on low speed near Tampere station. No one was hurt, but both of the trains were severely damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sm6_Allegro">Sm6 <i>Allegro</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sm6 Allegro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sm6_Allegro_leaves_Helsinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sm6_Allegro_leaves_Helsinki.jpg/220px-Sm6_Allegro_leaves_Helsinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sm6_Allegro_leaves_Helsinki.jpg/330px-Sm6_Allegro_leaves_Helsinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sm6_Allegro_leaves_Helsinki.jpg/440px-Sm6_Allegro_leaves_Helsinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>An Allegro train leaves Helsinki.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian Trains Class Sm6">Karelian Trains Class Sm6</a></div> <p>In December 2010, <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains" title="Karelian Trains">Karelian Trains</a>, a joint venture by <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Railways" title="Russian Railways">RZhD</a>, started a new service linking <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> to <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> using a new model of the Pendolino called the <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian Trains Class Sm6">Sm6 <i>Allegro</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sm6 is technically based on the <a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">New Pendolino</a>, but its looks are similar to the Sm3.<sup id="cite_ref-alstom_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alstom-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most significant difference is that an Sm6 unit is composed of seven carriages.<sup id="cite_ref-resiina2011-1_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resiina2011-1-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The train is capable of dual-voltage running due to differences between the electric systems of the Finnish and Russian rail network and is equipped with four pantographs.<sup id="cite_ref-resiina2011-1_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resiina2011-1-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sm6 is reserved for international passengers and therefore cannot be used to travel inside of Finland. There are four trains per day in each direction.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The service has been suspended since 27 March 2022 due to the international sanctions,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in its half-year report VR Group announced that it wrote off all Allegro rolling stock and spare parts.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_speed_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="List of high speed trains">List of high speed trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Europe#Finland" title="High-speed rail in Europe">High-speed rail in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian Trains Class Sm6">Sm6 <i>Allegro</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The trains do not have a train-specific fleet number; instead, each carriage has its own number, 1 being the first car and 6 the last. Unit "7x01" then consists of cars number 7101, 7201, 7301, 7401, 7501 and 7601.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Footnotes</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-yle-ordering-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yle-ordering_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yle-ordering_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yle-ordering_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yle-ordering_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=121&t=974&a=3060">"Pendolino-juna tulee Suomeen: Uutisjuttu tilauspäätöksestä"</a> (in Finnish). YLE. 7 February 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pendolino-juna+tulee+Suomeen%3A+Uutisjuttu+tilausp%C3%A4%C3%A4t%C3%B6ksest%C3%A4&rft.pub=YLE&rft.date=1992-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yle.fi%2Felavaarkisto%2F%3Fs%3Ds%26g%3D1%26ag%3D121%26t%3D974%26a%3D3060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVR+Class+Sm3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995">Eonsuu, Honkanen & Pölhö 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beta-yle-pp-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beta-yle-pp_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugustina_JämsäTiina_ForsbergVille_KorhonenMia_Gertsch2011" class="citation web cs1">Augustina Jämsä; Tiina Forsberg; Ville Korhonen; Mia Gertsch (7 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.yle.fi/vr/#pendolino_pettaa">"Pendolino pettää"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YLE" class="mw-redirect" title="YLE">YLE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rautatietekniikka.fi/rautatietekniikka/Rautatietekniikka-2-2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rautatietekniikka&rft.atitle=Pendolino-hallin+huolto-+ja+korjaustoiminta+Helsingin+varikolla&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=32-34&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=1237-1513&rft.aulast=Toukola&rft.aufirst=Markku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rautatietekniikka.fi%2Frautatietekniikka%2FRautatietekniikka-2-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVR+Class+Sm3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTörmänen2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Törmänen, Eeva (4 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/uutiset/pendolinot+pidetaan+kunnossa+lapparilla/a29218">"Pendolinot pidetään kunnossa läppärillä"</a>. <i>Tekniikka & Talous</i> (in Finnish). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seats+with+power+sockets&rft.pub=VR&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vr.fi%2Feng%2Fpalvelut%2Fpalvelut_junissa%2Fpc_pistokkeet.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVR+Class+Sm3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WLAN_(VR-junaverkko-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WLAN_(VR-junaverkko_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vr.fi/en/index/palvelut/palvelut_junissa/WirelessInternet.html">"Wireless Internet in trains"</a>. VR Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yle.fi/alueet/pohjanmaa/2011/08/pendolinolla_pian_suoraan_helsingista_vaasaan_2795540.html">the original</a> on 3 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YLE+Pohjanmaa&rft.atitle=Pendolinolla+pian+suoraan+Helsingist%C3%A4+Vaasaan&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yle.fi%2Falueet%2Fpohjanmaa%2F2011%2F08%2Fpendolinolla_pian_suoraan_helsingista_vaasaan_2795540.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVR+Class+Sm3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213100419/http://yle.fi/alueet/pohjanmaa/2011/12/ensimmainen_sahkojuna_saapui_vaasaan_3097287.html">"Ensimmäinen sähköjuna saapui Vaasaan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YLE" class="mw-redirect" title="YLE">YLE Pohjanmaa</a></i> (in Finnish). 12 December 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YLE+Pohjanmaa&rft.atitle=Ensimm%C3%A4inen+s%C3%A4hk%C3%B6juna+saapui+Vaasaan&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Falueet%2Fpohjanmaa%2F2011%2F12%2Fensimmainen_sahkojuna_saapui_vaasaan_3097287.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVR+Class+Sm3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319195933/http://portal.liikennevirasto.fi/portal/page/portal/f/liikenneverkko/rautatiet/Suurimmat_sallitut_nopeudet_31122010.jpg">"Liikennenopeudet"</a> [Running speeds]. Liikennevirasto. 31 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.liikennevirasto.fi/portal/page/portal/f/liikenneverkko/rautatiet/Suurimmat_sallitut_nopeudet_31122010.jpg">the original</a> on 19 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liikennenopeudet&rft.pub=Liikennevirasto&rft.date=2010-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.liikennevirasto.fi%2Fportal%2Fpage%2Fportal%2Ff%2Fliikenneverkko%2Frautatiet%2FSuurimmat_sallitut_nopeudet_31122010.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVR+Class+Sm3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120910104757/http://www.rhk.fi/hankkeet/rakennuttaminen/valmistuneita_rakennushankkeita/www_rhk_fi_oikorata/yleista/">"Yleistä"</a> (in Finnish). Liikennevirasto. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sttinfo.fi&rft.atitle=VR+Group%27s+Half-year+financial+report%2C+1+January%E2%80%9330+June+2022+%E2%80%93+Finns+returned+to+rail+in+large+numbers%2C+Eastern+traffic+was+decided+to+run+down+due+to+Russia%27s+war+of+aggression+%7C+VR-Yhtym%C3%A4+Oyj&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sttinfo.fi%2Fannouncement%3FpublisherId%3D69819374%26announcementId%3D2757%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVR+Class+Sm3" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEonsuuHonkanenPölhö1995" class="citation book cs1">Eonsuu, Tapio; Honkanen, Pekka; Pölhö, Eljas (1995). <i>Suomen veturit osa 2. Moottorikalusto</i>. Elokuvan Maailma. pp. 96–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/952-5060-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/952-5060-02-0"><bdi>952-5060-02-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suomen+veturit+osa+2.+Moottorikalusto&rft.pages=96-97&rft.pub=Elokuvan+Maailma&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=952-5060-02-0&rft.aulast=Eonsuu&rft.aufirst=Tapio&rft.au=Honkanen%2C+Pekka&rft.au=P%C3%B6lh%C3%B6%2C+Eljas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVR+Class+Sm3" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm3&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:VR_Class_Sm3" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:VR Class Sm3">VR Class Sm3</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vr.fi/en/index/palvelut/tietoja_junista/pendolino.html">VR introduction page for the Sm3 Pendolino</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vaunut.org/kuvat/?m=1&tag0=4%7CSm3%7C">Pictures of the train at Vaunut.org</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Finnish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trainspo.com/class/297/">VR Sm3 map and pictures at Trainspo.com</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Finnish_rolling_stock" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finnish_locomotives" title="Template:Finnish locomotives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finnish_locomotives" title="Template talk:Finnish locomotives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finnish_locomotives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finnish locomotives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finnish_rolling_stock" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_locomotives" title="List of Finnish locomotives">Finnish rolling stock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locomotives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sv12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Sv12 (page does not exist)">Sv1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sr1" title="VR Class Sr1">Sr1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sr2" title="VR Class Sr2">Sr2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sr3" title="VR Class Sr3">Sr3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diesel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Hr11" title="VR Class Hr11">Hr11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dv12" title="VR Class Dv12">Dv12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Dv15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Dv15 (page does not exist)">Dv15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Dv16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Dv16 (page does not exist)">Dv16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dr12" title="VR Class Dr12">Dr12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dr13" title="VR Class Dr13">Dr13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dr14" title="VR Class Dr14">Dr14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Dr15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Dr15 (page does not exist)">Dr15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dr16" title="VR Class Dr16">Dr16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenniarail_Class_Dr18" title="Fenniarail Class Dr18">Dr18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Dr19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Dr19 (page does not exist)">Dr19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rail_Class_Dr20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Rail Class Dr20 (page does not exist)">Dr20</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Rail_Class_Dr21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Rail Class Dr21 (page does not exist)">Dr21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Steam_Locomotive_Class_A5" title="Finnish Steam Locomotive Class A5">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Vr1" title="VR Class Vr1">Vr1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Vr2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Vr2 (page does not exist)">Vr2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Vk3" title="VR Class Vk3">Vk3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Hr1" title="VR Class Hr1">Hr1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Hv3" class="mw-redirect" title="VR Class Hv3">Hv3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Tr1" title="VR Class Tr1">Tr1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Pr1" title="VR Class Pr1">Pr1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Pr2" title="VR Class Pr2">Pr2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Tk3" title="VR Class Tk3">Tk3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm1" title="VR Class Sm1">Sm1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm2" title="VR Class Sm2">Sm2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sm3 <i>Pendolino</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm4" title="VR Class Sm4">Sm4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JKOY_Class_Sm5" title="JKOY Class Sm5">Sm5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Trains_Class_Sm6" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian Trains Class Sm6">Sm6 <i>Allegro</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Sm7 (page does not exist)">Sm7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diesel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Dm4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Dm4 (page does not exist)">Dm4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dm7" title="VR Class Dm7">Dm6/Dm7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Dm8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Dm8 (page does not exist)">Dm8</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Dm9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Dm9 (page does not exist)">Dm9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dm10" title="VR Class Dm10">Dm10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dm11" title="VR Class Dm11">Dm11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dm12" title="VR Class Dm12">Dm12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HKL_Class_M100" title="HKL Class M100">M100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKL_Class_M200" title="HKL Class M200">M200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKL_Class_M300" title="HKL Class M300">M300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="VR_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:VR_Group" title="Template:VR Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:VR_Group" title="Template talk:VR Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:VR_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:VR Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="VR_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">VR Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_light_rail" title="Tampere light rail">Tampere light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Sverige" title="VR Sverige">VR Sverige</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Snabbt%C3%A5g_Sverige" title="VR Snabbtåg Sverige">VR Snabbtåg Sverige</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VR_Group_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/VR_Group_logo.svg/104px-VR_Group_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="104" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/VR_Group_logo.svg/156px-VR_Group_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/VR_Group_logo.svg/208px-VR_Group_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="104" data-file-height="51" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sibelius_(train)" title="Sibelius (train)">Sibelius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rolling stock</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locomotives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sr1" title="VR Class Sr1">Sr1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sr2" title="VR Class Sr2">Sr2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sr3" title="VR Class Sr3">Sr3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diesel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dv12" title="VR Class Dv12">Dv12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dr14" title="VR Class Dr14">Dr14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dr16" title="VR Class Dr16">Dr16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Dr19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Dr19 (page does not exist)">Dr19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm1" title="VR Class Sm1">Sm1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm2" title="VR Class Sm2">Sm2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sm3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Sm4" title="VR Class Sm4">Sm4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JKOY_Class_Sm5" title="JKOY Class Sm5">Sm5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(train)" title="Allegro (train)">Sm6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VR_Class_Sm7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR Class Sm7 (page does not exist)">Sm7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X74" class="mw-redirect" title="X74">X74</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diesel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Dm12" title="VR Class Dm12">Dm12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/InterCity_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCity in Finland">InterCity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_blue_carriages" title="VR blue carriages">Blue carriages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_Class_Eil" title="VR Class Eil">Eil/Eilf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pendolino_family_trains" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pendolino" title="Template:Pendolino"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pendolino" title="Template talk:Pendolino"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pendolino" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pendolino"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pendolino_family_trains" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pendolino" title="Pendolino">Pendolino</a> family trains</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Railway_CRH5" title="China Railway CRH5">China Railway CRH5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czech Republic <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8CD_Class_680" title="ČD Class 680">ČD Class 680</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VR Class Sm3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> / Russia <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(train)" title="Allegro (train)">Allegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> / Austria <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICE_T" title="ICE T">ICE T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_470" title="FS Class ETR 470">OSE Class 470</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FS_Class_ETR_401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FS Class ETR 401 (page does not exist)">ETR 401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_450" title="FS Class ETR 450">ETR 450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_460" title="FS Class ETR 460">ETR 460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_470" title="FS Class ETR 470">ETR 470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_480" title="FS Class ETR 480">ETR 480/485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FS_Class_ETR_600" title="FS Class ETR 600">ETR 600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">ETR 610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">ETR 1000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino#ED250_(Poland)" title="New Pendolino">ED250</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Pendular" title="Alfa Pendular">Alfa Pendular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%BD_series_310" title="SŽ series 310">SŽ series 310</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_114" class="mw-redirect" title="Renfe Class 114">Renfe 114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfe_Class_490" title="Renfe Class 490">Renfe 490</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Switzerland <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Pendolino" title="New Pendolino">ETR 610</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_390" title="British Rail Class 390">British Rail Class 390</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acela_Express_(trainset)" title="Acela Express (trainset)">Acela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelia_Liberty" title="Avelia Liberty">Avelia Liberty</a></li></ul> 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