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epidemiological models</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: epidemiological models"> <meta name="keywords" content="epidemiological models"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="epidemiological models"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7000</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: epidemiological models</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7000</span> Detection of Chaos in General Parametric Model of Infectious Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Khaligh">Javad Khaligh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aghileh%20Heydari"> Aghileh Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Heydari"> Ali Akbar Heydari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mathematical epidemiological models for the spread of disease through a population are used to predict the prevalence of a disease or to study the impacts of treatment or prevention measures. Initial conditions for these models are measured from statistical data collected from a population since these initial conditions can never be exact, the presence of chaos in mathematical models has serious implications for the accuracy of the models as well as how epidemiologists interpret their findings. This paper confirms the chaotic behavior of a model for dengue fever and SI by investigating sensitive dependence, bifurcation, and 0-1 test under a variety of initial conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20models" title="epidemiological models">epidemiological models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEIR%20disease%20model" title=" SEIR disease model"> SEIR disease model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation" title=" bifurcation"> bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20behavior" title=" chaotic behavior"> chaotic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=0-1%20test" title=" 0-1 test"> 0-1 test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30790/detection-of-chaos-in-general-parametric-model-of-infectious-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6999</span> A Comparative Evaluation of the SIR and SEIZ Epidemiological Models to Describe the Diffusion Characteristics of COVID-19 Polarizing Viewpoints on Online</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Maleki">Maryam Maleki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Mead"> Esther Mead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Arani"> Mohammad Arani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitin%20Agarwal"> Nitin Agarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is conducted to examine how opposing viewpoints related to COVID-19 were diffused on Twitter. To accomplish this, six datasets using two epidemiological models, SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) and SEIZ (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Skeptics), were analyzed. The six datasets were chosen because they represent opposing viewpoints on the COVID-19 pandemic. Three of the datasets contain anti-subject hashtags, while the other three contain pro-subject hashtags. The time frame for all datasets is three years, starting from January 2020 to December 2022. The findings revealed that while both models were effective in evaluating the propagation trends of these polarizing viewpoints, the SEIZ model was more accurate with a relatively lower error rate (6.7%) compared to the SIR model (17.3%). Additionally, the relative error for both models was lower for anti-subject hashtags compared to pro-subject hashtags. By leveraging epidemiological models, insights into the propagation trends of polarizing viewpoints on Twitter were gained. This study paves the way for the development of methods to prevent the spread of ideas that lack scientific evidence while promoting the dissemination of scientifically backed ideas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title="mathematical modeling">mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20model" title=" epidemiological model"> epidemiological model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seiz%20model" title=" seiz model"> seiz model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sir%20model" title=" sir model"> sir model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covid-19" title=" covid-19"> covid-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twitter" title=" twitter"> twitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20analysis" title=" social network analysis"> social network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20contagion" title=" social contagion"> social contagion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177941/a-comparative-evaluation-of-the-sir-and-seiz-epidemiological-models-to-describe-the-diffusion-characteristics-of-covid-19-polarizing-viewpoints-on-online" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6998</span> Towards an Enhanced Compartmental Model for Profiling Malware Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessemyn%20Modiini">Jessemyn Modiini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Lynar"> Timothy Lynar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Sitnikova"> Elena Sitnikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a novel enhanced compartmental model for malware spread analysis in cyber security. This paper applies cyber security data features to epidemiological compartmental models to model the infectious potential of malware. Compartmental models are most efficient for calculating the infectious potential of a disease. In this paper, we discuss and profile epidemiologically relevant data features from a Domain Name System (DNS) dataset. We then apply these features to epidemiological compartmental models to network traffic features. This paper demonstrates how epidemiological principles can be applied to the novel analysis of key cybersecurity behaviours and trends and provides insight into threat modelling above that of kill-chain analysis. In applying deterministic compartmental models to a cyber security use case, the authors analyse the deficiencies and provide an enhanced stochastic model for cyber epidemiology. This enhanced compartmental model (SUEICRN model) is contrasted with the traditional SEIR model to demonstrate its efficacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title="cybersecurity">cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20epidemiology" title=" cyber epidemiology"> cyber epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malware" title=" malware"> malware</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152584/towards-an-enhanced-compartmental-model-for-profiling-malware-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6997</span> Using an Epidemiological Model to Study the Spread of Misinformation during the Black Lives Matter Movement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Maleki">Maryam Maleki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Mead"> Esther Mead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Arani"> Mohammad Arani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitin%20Agarwal"> Nitin Agarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proliferation of social media platforms like Twitter has heightened the consequences of the spread of misinformation. To understand and model the spread of misinformation, in this paper, we leveraged the SEIZ (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Skeptics) epidemiological model to describe the underlying process that delineates the spread of misinformation on Twitter. Compared to the other epidemiological models, this model produces broader results because it includes the additional Skeptics (Z) compartment, wherein a user may be Exposed to an item of misinformation but not engage in any reaction to it, and the additional Exposed (E) compartment, wherein the user may need some time before deciding to spread a misinformation item. We analyzed misinformation regarding the unrest in Washington, D.C. in the month of March 2020, which was propagated by the use of the #DCblackout hashtag by different users across the U.S. on Twitter. Our analysis shows that misinformation can be modeled using the concept of epidemiology. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to attempt to apply the SEIZ epidemiological model to the spread of a specific item of misinformation, which is a category distinct from that of rumor and hoax on online social media platforms. Applying a mathematical model can help to understand the trends and dynamics of the spread of misinformation on Twitter and ultimately help to develop techniques to quickly identify and control it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Black%20Lives%20Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20model" title=" epidemiological model"> epidemiological model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misinformation" title=" misinformation"> misinformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEIZ%20model" title=" SEIZ model"> SEIZ model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Twitter" title=" Twitter"> Twitter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132209/using-an-epidemiological-model-to-study-the-spread-of-misinformation-during-the-black-lives-matter-movement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6996</span> Automatic Calibration of Agent-Based Models Using Deep Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Najafzadehkhoei">Sima Najafzadehkhoei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Vega%20Yon"> George Vega Yon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an approach for calibrating Agent-Based Models (ABMs) efficiently, utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. These machine learning techniques are applied to Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) models, which are a core framework in the study of epidemiology. Our method replicates parameter values from observed trajectory curves, enhancing the accuracy of predictions when compared to traditional calibration techniques. Through the use of simulated data, we train the models to predict epidemiological parameters more accurately. Two primary approaches were explored: one where the number of susceptible, infected, and recovered individuals is fully known, and another using only the number of infected individuals. Our method shows promise for application in other ABMs where calibration is computationally intensive and expensive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABM" title="ABM">ABM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title=" calibration"> calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title=" CNN"> CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSTM" title=" LSTM"> LSTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192172/automatic-calibration-of-agent-based-models-using-deep-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6995</span> Study of Some Epidemiological Factors Influencing the Disease Incidence in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asim%20Nazir">Muhammad Asim Nazir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The investigations reported in this manuscript were carried on the screening of one hundred and seventy-eight chickpea germplasm lines/cultivars against wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. The screening was conducted in vivo (field) conditions. The field screening was accompanied with the study of some epidemiological factors affecting the occurrence and severity of the disease. Among the epidemiological factors maximum temperature range (28-40°C), minimum temperature range (12-24°C), relative humidity (19-44%), soil temperature (26-41°C) and soil moisture range (19-34°C) was studied for affecting the disease incidence/severity. The results revealed that air temperature was positively correlated with diseases. Soil temperature data revealed that in all cultivars disease incidence was maximum as 39°C. Most of the plants show 40-50% disease incidence. Disease incidence decreased at 33.5°C. The result of correlation of relative humidity of air and wilt incidence revealed that all cultivars/lines were negatively correlated with relative humidity. With increasing relative humidity wilt incidence decreased and vice versa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickpea" title="chickpea">chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological" title=" epidemiological"> epidemiological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease" title=" disease"> disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19669/study-of-some-epidemiological-factors-influencing-the-disease-incidence-in-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6994</span> Testing and Validation Stochastic Models in Epidemiology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snigdha%20Sahai">Snigdha Sahai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devaki%20Chikkavenkatappa%20Yellappa"> Devaki Chikkavenkatappa Yellappa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study outlines approaches for testing and validating stochastic models used in epidemiology, focusing on the integration and functional testing of simulation code. It details methods for combining simple functions into comprehensive simulations, distinguishing between deterministic and stochastic components, and applying tests to ensure robustness. Techniques include isolating stochastic elements, utilizing large sample sizes for validation, and handling special cases. Practical examples are provided using R code to demonstrate integration testing, handling of incorrect inputs, and special cases. The study emphasizes the importance of both functional and defensive programming to enhance code reliability and user-friendliness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20epidemiology" title="computational epidemiology">computational epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease%20modeling" title=" infectious disease modeling"> infectious disease modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20data%20analysis" title=" health data analysis"> health data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20transmission%20dynamics" title=" disease transmission dynamics"> disease transmission dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20modeling%20in%20health" title=" predictive modeling in health"> predictive modeling in health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20health%20modeling" title=" population health modeling"> population health modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20public%20health" title=" quantitative public health"> quantitative public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20sampling%20simulations" title=" random sampling simulations"> random sampling simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=randomized%20numerical%20analysis" title=" randomized numerical analysis"> randomized numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation-based%20analysis" title=" simulation-based analysis"> simulation-based analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance-based%20simulations" title=" variance-based simulations"> variance-based simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithmic%20disease%20simulation" title=" algorithmic disease simulation"> algorithmic disease simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20public%20health%20strategies" title=" computational public health strategies"> computational public health strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20surveillance" title=" epidemiological surveillance"> epidemiological surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20pattern%20analysis" title=" disease pattern analysis"> disease pattern analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemic%20risk%20assessment" title=" epidemic risk assessment"> epidemic risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population-based%20health%20strategies" title=" population-based health strategies"> population-based health strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventive%20healthcare%20models" title=" preventive healthcare models"> preventive healthcare models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection%20dynamics%20in%20populations" title=" infection dynamics in populations"> infection dynamics in populations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contagion%20spread%20prediction%20models" title=" contagion spread prediction models"> contagion spread prediction models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival%20analysis%20techniques" title=" survival analysis techniques"> survival analysis techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20data%20mining" title=" epidemiological data mining"> epidemiological data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host-pathogen%20interaction%20models" title=" host-pathogen interaction models"> host-pathogen interaction models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment%20algorithms%20for%20disease%20spread" title=" risk assessment algorithms for disease spread"> risk assessment algorithms for disease spread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-support%20systems%20in%20epidemiology" title=" decision-support systems in epidemiology"> decision-support systems in epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-level%20health%20impact%20simulations" title=" macro-level health impact simulations"> macro-level health impact simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socioeconomic%20determinants%20in%20disease%20spread" title=" socioeconomic determinants in disease spread"> socioeconomic determinants in disease spread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data-driven%20decision%20making%20in%20public%20health" title=" data-driven decision making in public health"> data-driven decision making in public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20impact%20assessment%20of%20health%20policies" title=" quantitative impact assessment of health policies"> quantitative impact assessment of health policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biostatistical%20methods%20in%20population%20health" title=" biostatistical methods in population health"> biostatistical methods in population health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability-driven%20health%20outcome%20predictions" title=" probability-driven health outcome predictions"> probability-driven health outcome predictions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194780/testing-and-validation-stochastic-models-in-epidemiology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6993</span> Epidemiological Profile of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (PFA), Haiti, 2018-2021</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophonie%20Sarielle%20Jean%20Jacques%20Bertrand">Sophonie Sarielle Jean Jacques Bertrand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Acute flaccid paralysis (PFA) is the sudden weakness or paralysis of muscles seen in children under 15 years of age. According to the WHO, PFA remains a real public health problem. For Haiti, the PFA represents a national priority. This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (PFA) in Haiti from 2018-2020. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study covering the period of 2018-2021 was carried out. epidemiological surveillance data PFA exported to Integrated Monitoring Evaluation Surveillance (MESI) were used. Sociodemographic variables were studied. Prevalence and clinical mortality rate were calculated. Epi Info 7.2 and Excel 2016 were used for data analysis. Results: 76 AFP cases were recorded for the period, or 13 (17%) in 2018, 23 (30%) in 2019, 8 (11%) in 2020 32 (42%) in 2021. Children aged 5-14 years accounted for 36% of cases (n= 26). The M/F sex ratio was 0.52, with a predominance of the female sex. The clinical mortality rate was 2.6%. The prevalence was 1.77/100,000 people. Conclusion: From 2018-2021, 76 cases of PFA cases were recorded in the 10 departments of the country, of which the West department was the most affected. Maintaining high vaccination coverage and a standard acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system are essential for the eradication of this condition. Strengthen epidemiological surveillance of PFA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title="epidemiology">epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFA" title=" PFA"> PFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%C3%AFti" title=" Haïti"> Haïti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MESI" title=" MESI"> MESI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159838/epidemiological-profile-of-acute-flaccid-paralysis-pfa-haiti-2018-2021" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6992</span> Diagonal Vector Autoregressive Models and Their Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usoro%20Anthony%20E.">Usoro Anthony E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udoh%20Emediong"> Udoh Emediong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diagonal Vector Autoregressive Models are special classes of the general vector autoregressive models identified under certain conditions, where parameters are restricted to the diagonal elements in the coefficient matrices. Variance, autocovariance, and autocorrelation properties of the upper and lower diagonal VAR models are derived. The new set of VAR models is verified with empirical data and is found to perform favourably with the general VAR models. The advantage of the diagonal models over the existing models is that the new models are parsimonious, given the reduction in the interactive coefficients of the general VAR models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAR%20models" title="VAR models">VAR models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagonal%20VAR%20models" title=" diagonal VAR models"> diagonal VAR models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance" title=" variance"> variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autocovariance" title=" autocovariance"> autocovariance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autocorrelations" title=" autocorrelations"> autocorrelations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157980/diagonal-vector-autoregressive-models-and-their-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6991</span> Preparedness Level of European Cultural Institutions and Catering Establishments Within the Sanitary and Epidemiological Dimension During the COVID-19 Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Barbara%20Kaziuk">Magdalena Barbara Kaziuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: In December 2019, the first case of an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was recorded in Wuhan in Central China. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization restrictions, among others, in the travel industry. Aim: The aim of the study was the assessment of the preparedness of European cultural institutions and catering establishments within the sanitary and epidemiological dimension during the COVID-19 pandemic by Polish tourists and their sense of safety in selected destinations. Material and methods: The study involved 300 Polish tourists (125 females, 175 males, age 46.5+/-12.9 years) who traveled during the COVID-19 pandemic to Southern European countries. 5 most popular travel destinations were selected: Italy, Austria, Greece, Croatia, and Mediterranean islands. The tourists assessed cultural institutions and catering establishments with the use of a proprietary questionnaire which concerned the preparedness regarding the sanitary and epidemiological requirements and the tourists' sense of safety. The number of respondents was deliberate - 60 persons per each country. Results: The more stringent sanitary regimes, the higher the sense of safety in the study group of females aged 45-50 (p<0.005), while the more stringent sanitary and epidemiological issues are implemented, the shorter the stay (p<0.001). Less stringent restrictions resulted in increased sense of freedom and mental rest in the group of studied males (p<0.005). Conclusions: The respondents' opinions revealed that the highest level of safety with regard to sanitary and epidemiological requirements (masks covering mouth and nose worn by both personnel and society, the necessity to present the COVID passport, the possibility to disinfect hands) was observed in Austria and Italy, while shorter length of the stay in these countries resulted from high prices, particularly in catering establishments. According to the respondents, less stringent restrictions, among others lack of the necessity to own the COVID passport, were linked to Croatia and Mediterranean islands. The sense of safety was satisfying, while the sense of freedom and mental rest was high. declared a string of COVID-19 cases a pandemic. Most countries implemented numerous sanitary and epidemiological <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitary%20and%20epidemiological%20regimes" title="sanitary and epidemiological regimes">sanitary and epidemiological regimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20facilities" title=" tourist facilities"> tourist facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20pandemic" title=" COVID-19 pandemic"> COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20of%20safety" title=" sense of safety"> sense of safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148611/preparedness-level-of-european-cultural-institutions-and-catering-establishments-within-the-sanitary-and-epidemiological-dimension-during-the-covid-19-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6990</span> Computing Transition Intensity Using Time-Homogeneous Markov Jump Process: Case of South African HIV/AIDS Disposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bayaga">A. Bayaga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research provides a technical account of estimating Transition Probability using Time-homogeneous Markov Jump Process applying by South African HIV/AIDS data from the Statistics South Africa. It employs Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) model to explore the possible influence of Transition Probability of mortality cases in which case the data was based on actual Statistics South Africa. This was conducted via an integrated demographic and epidemiological model of South African HIV/AIDS epidemic. The model was fitted to age-specific HIV prevalence data and recorded death data using MLE model. Though the previous model results suggest HIV in South Africa has declined and AIDS mortality rates have declined since 2002 – 2013, in contrast, our results differ evidently with the generally accepted HIV models (Spectrum/EPP and ASSA2008) in South Africa. However, there is the need for supplementary research to be conducted to enhance the demographic parameters in the model and as well apply it to each of the nine (9) provinces of South Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AIDS%20mortality%20rates" title="AIDS mortality rates">AIDS mortality rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20model" title=" epidemiological model"> epidemiological model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-homogeneous%20markov%20jump%20process" title=" time-homogeneous markov jump process"> time-homogeneous markov jump process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20probability" title=" transition probability"> transition probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistics%20South%20Africa" title=" statistics South Africa"> statistics South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35299/computing-transition-intensity-using-time-homogeneous-markov-jump-process-case-of-south-african-hivaids-disposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6989</span> Multiscale Modelling of Citrus Black Spot Transmission Dynamics along the Pre-Harvest Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muleya%20Nqobile">Muleya Nqobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winston%20Garira"> Winston Garira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We presented a compartmental deterministic multi-scale model which encompass internal plant defensive mechanism and pathogen interaction, then we consider nesting the model into the epidemiological model. The objective was to improve our understanding of the transmission dynamics of within host and between host of Guignardia citricapa Kiely. The inflow of infected class was scaled down to individual level while the outflow was scaled up to average population level. Conceptual model and mathematical model were constructed to display a theoretical framework which can be used for predicting or identify disease pattern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20model" title="epidemiological model">epidemiological model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modelling" title=" mathematical modelling"> mathematical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20modelling" title=" multi-scale modelling"> multi-scale modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunological%20model" title=" immunological model"> immunological model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52713/multiscale-modelling-of-citrus-black-spot-transmission-dynamics-along-the-pre-harvest-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6988</span> Epidemiological Profile of Healthcare Associated Infections in Intensive Care Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdessamad%20Dali-Ali">Abdessamad Dali-Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houaria%20Beldjillali"> Houaria Beldjillali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouzia%20Agag"> Fouzia Agag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Oukebdane"> Asmaa Oukebdane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramzi%20Tidjani"> Ramzi Tidjani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arslane%20Bettayeb"> Arslane Bettayeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadidja%20Meddeber"> Khadidja Meddeber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radia%20Dali-Yahia"> Radia Dali-Yahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nori%20Midoun"> Nori Midoun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Healthcare-associated infections are a real public health problem, especially in intensive care units. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological profile and to estimate the incidence of these infections at the intensive care unit of our teaching hospital. A prospective study was conducted, from June 2012 to December 2013. During this period, 305 patients having a duration of hospitalization equal or more than 48 hours were included in the study. In terms of the incidence of healthcare associated infections, nosocomial pneumonia occupied the first position with a cumulative incidence rate of 20.0%, followed by bacteremia (5.6%), central venous catheter infections (4%), and urinary tract infections (3%). In the case of isolated microorganisms, Gram-negative bacilli not enterobacteriaceae occupied the first place with 48.5%, followed by enterobacteria (32.1%). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common germ (27.6%). Our study showed that the rate of health-care-associated infections was relatively high in the intensive care unit. A control program to reduce all infections is a priority for the Infection Control Associated Committee. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20profile" title="epidemiological profile">epidemiological profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20associated%20infections" title=" healthcare associated infections"> healthcare associated infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care%20units" title=" intensive care units"> intensive care units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20hospital%20of%20Oran" title=" teaching hospital of Oran"> teaching hospital of Oran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72027/epidemiological-profile-of-healthcare-associated-infections-in-intensive-care-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6987</span> Prey-Predator Eco-Epidemiological Model with Nonlinear Transmission Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qamar%20J.%20A.%20Khan">Qamar J. A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed%20Al%20Kharousi"> Fatma Ahmed Al Kharousi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A prey-predator eco-epidemiological model is studied where transmission of the disease between infected and uninfected prey is nonlinear. The interaction of the predator with infected and uninfected prey species depend on their numerical superiority. Harvesting of both uninfected and infected prey is considered. Stability analysis is carried out for equilibrium values. Using the parameter µ, the death rate of infected prey as a bifurcation parameter it is shown that Hopf bifurcation could occur. The theoretical results are compared with numerical results for different set of parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation" title="bifurcation">bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20harvesting" title=" optimal harvesting"> optimal harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predator" title=" predator"> predator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prey" title=" prey"> prey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55570/prey-predator-eco-epidemiological-model-with-nonlinear-transmission-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6986</span> Description and Evaluation of the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Meningitis in the Province of Taza Between 2016 and 2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bennasser%20Samira">Bennasser Samira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Meningitis, especially the meningococcal one, is a serious problem of public health. A system of vigilanceand surveillance is in place to allow effective actions to be taken on actual or potential health problems caused by all forms of meningitis. Objectives: 1. Describe the epidemiological surveillance system for meningitis in the province of Taza. 2. Evaluate the quality and responsiveness of the epidemiological surveillance system for meningitis in the province of Taza. 3. Propose measures to improve this system at the provincial level. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a purely quantitative approach by evaluating the quality and responsiveness of the system during 5 years between January 2016 and December 2020. We usedfor that the investigation files of meningitis cases and the provincial database of meningitis. We calculated some quality indicators of surveillance system already defined by the National Program for the Prevention and Control of Meningitis. Results: The notification is passive, the completeness of the data is quite good (94%), and the timeliness don’t exceed 71%. The quality of the data is acceptable (91% agreement). The systematic and rapid performance of lumbar punctures increases the diagnostic capabilities of the system. The local response actions are effected in 100%. Conclusion: The improvement of this surveillance system depends on strengthening the staff skills in diagnostic, reviewing surveillance tools, and encouraging judicious use of the data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meningitis" title=" meningitis"> meningitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taza" title=" taza"> taza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morocco" title=" morocco"> morocco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144392/description-and-evaluation-of-the-epidemiological-surveillance-system-for-meningitis-in-the-province-of-taza-between-2016-and-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6985</span> Epidemiological, Clinical, Histopathological Profile and Management of Breast Cancer at Kinshasa University Clinics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eddy%20K.%20Mukadi">Eddy K. Mukadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is a documentary and descriptive study devoted to the epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and therapeutic profile of breast cancer deals with the department of gynecology and obstetrics of the university clinics of Kinshasa during the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014. We have identified 56 cases of breast cancer. These cancers accounted for 45.2% of gynecological mammary cancers. The youngest in our series was 18 years old while the oldest was 74 years old; And the mean age of these patients was 43.4 years and mostly multiparous (35.7%). Brides (60.7%) and bachelors (26.8%) were the most affected by breast cancer. The reasons for consultation were dominated by nodules in the breast (48.2%) followed by pain (35.7%) and nipple discharge (14.3%). In 89.2% of the cases, it was the advanced clinical stage (stage 3 and 4) and the infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histological type (75%) The malignant tumor was mainly in the left breast (55.3%), and chemotherapy with hormone therapy and patey was the most convenient treatment (42.8%), while patey mastectomy was performed in 12.5% of patients. Because of the high incidence of breast cancer identified in our study, some preventive measures must be taken into account to address this public health problem, including breast autopalpation once a month, Early detection system development of a national breast cancer policy and the implementation of a national breast cancer control program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathological%20profile" title=" histopathological profile"> histopathological profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20profile" title=" epidemiological profile"> epidemiological profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kinshasa" title=" Kinshasa"> Kinshasa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74129/epidemiological-clinical-histopathological-profile-and-management-of-breast-cancer-at-kinshasa-university-clinics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6984</span> Transport Emission Inventories and Medical Exposure Modeling: A Missing Link for Urban Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederik%20Schulte">Frederik Schulte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Vo%C3%9F"> Stefan Voß</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adverse effects of air pollution on public health are an increasingly vital problem in planning for urban regions in many parts of the world. The issue is addressed from various angles and by distinct disciplines in research. Epidemiological studies model the relative increase of numerous diseases in response to an increment of different forms of air pollution. A significant share of air pollution in urban regions is related to transport emissions that are often measured and stored in emission inventories. Though, most approaches in transport planning, engineering, and operational design of transport activities are restricted to general emission limits for specific air pollutants and do not consider more nuanced exposure models. We conduct an extensive literature review on exposure models and emission inventories used to study the health impact of transport emissions. Furthermore, we review methods applied in both domains and use emission inventory data of transportation hubs such as ports, airports, and urban traffic for an in-depth analysis of public health impacts deploying medical exposure models. The results reveal specific urban health risks related to transport emissions that may improve urban planning for environmental health by providing insights in actual health effects instead of only referring to general emission limits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20inventories" title="emission inventories">emission inventories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20models" title=" exposure models"> exposure models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20emissions" title=" transport emissions"> transport emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20health" title=" urban health"> urban health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58125/transport-emission-inventories-and-medical-exposure-modeling-a-missing-link-for-urban-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6983</span> Epidemiological Profile of Hospital Acquired Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in Intensive Care Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dali-Ali">A. Dali-Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Agag"> F. Agag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Beldjilali"> H. Beldjilali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Oukebdane"> A. Oukebdane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Meddeber"> K. Meddeber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Dali-Yahia"> R. Dali-Yahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Midoun"> N. Midoun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ability of Acinetobacter baumannii to develop multiple resistances towards to the majority of antibiotics explains the therapeutic difficulties encountered in severe infections. Furthermore, its persistence in the humid or dry environment promotes cross-contamination in intensive care units. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological and bacterial resistance profiles of hospital-acquired infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in the intensive care unit of our teaching hospital. During the study period (June 3, 2012 to December 31, 2013), 305 patients having duration of hospitalization equal or more than 48 hours were included in the study. Among these, 36 had developed, at least, one health-care associated infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. The rate of infected patients was equal to 11.8% (36/305). The rate of cumulative incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia was the highest (9.2%) followed by central venous catheter infection (1.3%). Analysis of the various antibiotic resistance profile shows that 93.8% of the strains were resistant to imipenem. The nosocomial infection control committee set up a special program not only to reduce the high rates of incidence of these infections but also to descrease the rate of imipenem resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acinetobacer%20baumannii" title="Acinetobacer baumannii">Acinetobacer baumannii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20profile" title=" epidemiological profile"> epidemiological profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20acquired%20infections" title=" hospital acquired infections"> hospital acquired infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care%20unit" title=" intensive care unit"> intensive care unit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40553/epidemiological-profile-of-hospital-acquired-infections-caused-by-acinetobacter-baumannii-in-intensive-care-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6982</span> Epidemiological profile of Tuberculosis Disease in Meknes, Morocco. Descriptive analysis, 2016-2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Authors%3A%20A.%20Lakhal">Authors: A. Lakhal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bahalou"> M. Bahalou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khattabi"> A. Khattabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases. In Morocco, a total of 30,636 cases of Tuberculosis, all forms combined, were reported in 2015, representing an incidence of 89 cases per 100,000 population. The number of deaths from tuberculosis (TB) was 656 cases. In the prefecture of Meknes, its incidence remains high compared to the national level. The objective of this work is to describe the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the prefecture of Meknes. Methods: It is a descriptive analysis of TB cases reported between 2016 and 2020 at the regional diagnostic center of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. We performed analysis by using Microsoft Excel and EpiInfo 7. Results: Epidemiological data from 2016 to 2020 report a total of 4100 new cases of all forms of tuberculosis, with an average of 820 new cases per year. The median age is 32 years. There is a clear male predominance, on average 58% of cases are male and 42% female. The incidence rate of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis per 100,000 inhabitants has increased from 35 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2016 to 39.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020. The confirmation rate for pulmonary tuberculosis decreased from 84% in 2016 to 75% in 2020. Pulmonary involvement predominates by an average of 46%, followed by lymph node involvement 29%and pleural involvement by an average of 10%. Digestive, osteoarticular, genitourinary, and meningeal involvement occurs in 8% of cases. Primary tuberculosis infection occurs in an average of 0.5% of cases. The proportion of HIV-TB co-infections was 2.8 in 2020. Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in Meknes remains high compared to the national level. Thus, it is imperative to reinforce the earlier detection; improve the contact tracing, detection methods of cases for their confirmation and treatment, and to reduce the proportion of the lost to follow up as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title="tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20profile" title=" epidemiological profile"> epidemiological profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meknes" title=" meknes"> meknes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morocco" title=" morocco"> morocco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144344/epidemiological-profile-of-tuberculosis-disease-in-meknes-morocco-descriptive-analysis-2016-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6981</span> How to Break an Outbreak: Containment Measures of a Salmonella Outbreak Associated with Egg Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gal%20Zagron">Gal Zagron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitza%20Abramson"> Nitza Abramson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deena%20R.%20Zimmerman"> Deena R. Zimmerman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Stein-Zamir"> Chen Stein-Zamir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Salmonella enteritidis is a common cause of foodborne outbreaks, primarily associated with poultry eggs. S. enteritidis This is the only Salmonella type that is found inside the eggshell. A rise in Salmonella enteritidis notifications was noted in spring 2017. Aims: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological investigation of the outbreak in the Jerusalem district, along with the containment measures taken. Methods: This study is a population-based epidemiological study with a description of environmental control activities. Results: During the months May - July, 2017 848 salmonellosis cases were reported to the Jerusalem district health office compared to 294 cases May - July 2016. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated in 58% of reported cases. Clusters and outbreaks ( > 2 cases) were reported among nursery schools, nursing homes, persons residing in one kibbutz and several cases in different food service establishments in the Jerusalem district. Epidemiological investigations revealed eggs consumption as a common feature among the cases (uncooked or undercooked eggs in most cases). A national investigation among egg suppliers revealed that most cases consumed eggs provided by a single provider with isolation of Salmonella enteritidis at the source as well. Containment measures were taken to control the epidemic including distributing information via electronic and written media to the public, searching for all egg distribution centers, informing local authorities, the poultry council and food stores. The eggs originating from the provider were recalled and extinguished. Written instructions to all food preparation facilities in the district were distributed regarding the proper storage and preparation of eggs. The number of reported cases declined and the outbreak vanished during correlating months of 2018. Conclusions: The investigation of Salmonella enteritidis outbreaks should include epidemiological and laboratory investigations, tracing the source of the eggs and testing the eggs and the source of eggs. Health education activities are essential as to the proper handling of eggs and egg products aiming to minimize susceptibility to Salmonella infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20investigation" title="epidemiological investigation">epidemiological investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food-borne%20disease" title=" food-borne disease"> food-borne disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmonella%20enteritidis" title=" Salmonella enteritidis"> Salmonella enteritidis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104871/how-to-break-an-outbreak-containment-measures-of-a-salmonella-outbreak-associated-with-egg-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6980</span> Students' Perception of Using Dental E-Models in an Inquiry-Based Curriculum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanqi%20Yang">Yanqi Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongshan%20Liao"> Chongshan Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheuk%20Hin%20Ho"> Cheuk Hin Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Bridges"> Susan Bridges </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: To investigate student’s perceptions of using e-models in an inquiry-based curriculum. Approach: 52 second-year dental students completed a pre- and post-test questionnaire relating to their perceptions of e-models and their use in inquiry-based learning. The pre-test occurred prior to any learning with e-models. The follow-up survey was conducted after one year's experience of using e-models. Results: There was no significant difference between the two sets of questionnaires regarding student’s perceptions of the usefulness of e-models and their willingness to use e-models in future inquiry-based learning. Most of the students preferred using both plaster models and e-models in tandem. Conclusion: Students did not change their attitude towards e-models and most of them agreed or were neutral that e-models are useful in inquiry-based learning. Whilst recognizing the utility of 3D models for learning, student's preference for combining these with solid models has implications for the development of haptic sensibility in an operative discipline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-models" title="e-models">e-models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inquiry-based%20curriculum" title=" inquiry-based curriculum"> inquiry-based curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3739/students-perception-of-using-dental-e-models-in-an-inquiry-based-curriculum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6979</span> Financial Benefits after the Implementation of Antimicrobial Copper in Intensive Care Units (ICUs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Efstathiou">P. Efstathiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kouskouni"> E. Kouskouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Papanikolaou"> S. Papanikolaou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Karageorgou"> K. Karageorgou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Manolidou"> Z. Manolidou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tseroni%20Maria"> Tseroni Maria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Efstathiou"> A. Efstathiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Karyoti"> V. Karyoti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Agrafa"> I. Agrafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) microbial flora after the antimicrobial copper alloy (Cu+) implementation as well as the effect on financial-epidemiological operation parameters. Methods: Medical, epidemiological and financial data in two time periods, before and after the implementation of copper (Cu 63% - Zn 37%, low lead) were recorded and analyzed in a general ICU. The evaluated parameters were: the importance of patients' admission (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation - APACHE II and Simplified Acute Physiology Score - SAPS), microbial flora's record in the ICU before and after the implementation of Cu+ as well as the impact on epidemiological and ICU's operation financial parameters. Results: During December 2010 and March 2011 and respectively during December 2011 and March 2012 comparative results showed statistically significant reduction on the microbial flora (CFU/ml) by 95% and the use of antimicrobial medicine (per day per patient) by 30% (p = 0,014) as well as patients hospitalization time and cost. Conclusions: The innovative implementation of antimicrobial copper in ICUs contributed to their microbial flora significant reduction and antimicrobial drugs use reduction with the apparent positive effect (decrease) in both patient’s hospitalization time and cost. Under the present circumstances of economic crisis, survey results are of highest importance and value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20copper" title="antimicrobial copper">antimicrobial copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20benefits" title=" financial benefits"> financial benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICU" title=" ICU"> ICU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20reduction" title=" cost reduction"> cost reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14488/financial-benefits-after-the-implementation-of-antimicrobial-copper-in-intensive-care-units-icus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6978</span> Evaluation of the Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, South, Haiti, 2022</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djeamsly%20Salomon">Djeamsly Salomon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Epidemiological surveillance is a dynamic national system used to observe all aspects of the evolution of priority health problems, through: collection, analysis, systematic interpretation of information, and dissemination of results with necessary recommendations. The study was conducted to assess the mandatory disease surveillance system in the Sud Department. Methods: A study was conducted from March to May 2021 with key players involved in surveillance at the level of health institutions in the department . The CDC's 2021 updated guideline was used to evaluate the system. We collected information about the operation, attributes, and usefulness of the surveillance system using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Epi-Info7.2 and Excel 2016 were used to generate the mean, frequencies and proportions. Results: Of 30 participants, 23 (77%) were women. The average age was 39 years[30-56]. 25 (83%) had training in epidemiological surveillance. (50%) of the forms checked were signed by the supervisor. Collection tools were available at (80%). Knowledge of at least 7 notifiable diseases was high (100%). Among the respondents, 29 declared that the collection tools were simple, 27 had already filled in a notification form. The maximum time taken to fill out a form was 10 minutes. The feedback between the different levels was done at (60%). Conclusion: The surveillance system is useful, simple, acceptable, representative, flexible, stable and responsive. The data generated was of high quality. However, it is threatened by the lack of supervision of sentinel sites, lack of investigation and weak feedback. This evaluation demonstrated the urgent need to improve supervision in the sites and to feedback information. Strengthen epidemiological surveillance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title="evaluation">evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notifiable%20diseases" title=" notifiable diseases"> notifiable diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveillance" title=" surveillance"> surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160211/evaluation-of-the-notifiable-diseases-surveillance-system-south-haiti-2022" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6977</span> Epidemiological Model for Citrus Black Spot Dynamics along the Pre-Harvest Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nqobile%20Muleya">Nqobile Muleya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winston%20Garira"> Winston Garira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Mchau"> Godwin Mchau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Citrus Black Spot (CBS) is a fungal disease that is responsible for huge economical loss and poses a threat to the citrus industry worldwide. We construct a mathematical model framework for citrus black spot between fruits to characterise the dynamics of the disease development, paying attention to the pathogen life cycle. We have made an observation from the model analysis that the initial inoculum from ascomata is very important for disease development and thereafter it is no longer important due to conidia which is responsible for secondary infection. Most importantly, the model indicated that ascospores and conidia are very important parameters in developing citrus black spot within a short distance. The basic reproductive number and its importance in relation to citrus black spot persistence are outlined. A numerical simulation of the model was done to explain the theoretical findings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20modelling" title="epidemiological modelling">epidemiological modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guidnardia%20citricarpa" title=" Guidnardia citricarpa"> Guidnardia citricarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20stage" title=" life cycle stage"> life cycle stage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal" title=" fungal"> fungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20development" title=" disease development"> disease development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44095/epidemiological-model-for-citrus-black-spot-dynamics-along-the-pre-harvest-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6976</span> Endeavor to Develop Immunological and Hematological Early Diagnostic Marker to Check the Conversion of Asymptomatic to Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Kamal%20Topno">Roshan Kamal Topno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneesh%20Kumar"> Maneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manas%20Ranjan%20Dikhit"> Manas Ranjan Dikhit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Pandey"> Krishna Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Major%20Madhukar"> Major Madhukar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidhya%20Nand%20Rabidas"> Vidhya Nand Rabidas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahab%20Ali"> Vahab Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Chandra%20Sahoo"> Ganesh Chandra Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawana"> Bhawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Prasad%20Yadav"> Devendra Prasad Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishikesh%20Kumar"> Rishikesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Das"> Pradeep Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A diagnostic marker for asymptomatic subject becomes a crucial need for advocating early prophylactic majors to control protozoal infection. The main issue in epidemiological affected regions is the presence of an asymptomatic individual that might potentially convert to a symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The epidemiological study has been conducted at highly VL endemic Moriyama village in Patna district, Bihar, India that covers total population of 1540 individuals. Here, 1104(74.02%) people had been randomly screened and only 46 (4.17%) asymptomatic individuals were found sero-positive by the rK39 test. After taking signed informed consent form, blood samples were collected from 46 asymptomatic subjects for further hematological and immunological tests. Total leukocyte count, hemoglobin (gm%), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count and interleukin-10 (IL-10) had been included as diagnostic markers. Interestingly only 5 (10.86%) individuals showed their asymptomatic conversion into symptomatic VL patients during quarterly surveillance. In overall analysis only two markers are suggestive for disease conversion that is hemoglobin (gm%) and IL-10. In all the infected patients, both the mean decrease in hemoglobin and mean increase of IL-10 was 19.23% from its normal value. The results might suggest that hematological and immunological changes would become helpful for early diagnosis of asymptomatic to symptomatic VL conversion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptomatic" title="asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological" title=" epidemiological"> epidemiological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symptomatic%20visceral%20leishmaniasis" title=" symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis"> symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemoglobin%20%28gm%25%29" title=" hemoglobin (gm%)"> hemoglobin (gm%)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin-10" title=" interleukin-10"> interleukin-10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99701/endeavor-to-develop-immunological-and-hematological-early-diagnostic-marker-to-check-the-conversion-of-asymptomatic-to-symptomatic-visceral-leishmaniasis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6975</span> The Effect of Geographical Differentials of Epidemiological Transition on Health-Seeking Behavior in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumit%20Kumar%20Das">Sumit Kumar Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laishram%20Ladusingh"> Laishram Ladusingh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the differential of epidemiological transition across fifteen agro-climatic zones of India and its effect on health-seeking behavior. Data and Methods: Unit level data on consumption expenditure on health of India from three decadal rounds conducted by National Sample Survey Organization are used for the analysis. These three rounds are 52nd (1995-96), 60th (2004-05) and 71st (2014-15). The age-adjusted prevalence rate for communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases are estimated for fifteen agro-climatic zones of India for three time periods. Bivariate analysis is used to find out determinants of health-seeking behavior. Multilevel logistic regression is used to examine factors effecting on household health-seeking behavior. Result: The prevalence of communicable diseases is increasing in most of the zones of India. Every South Indian zones, Gujarat plains, and lower Gangetic plain are facing the severe attack of dual burden of diseases. Demand for medical advice has increased in southern zones, and east zones, reliance on private healthcare facilities are increasing in most of the zone. Demographic characteristics of the household head have a significant impact on health-seeking behavior. Conclusion: Proper program implementation is required considering the disease prevalence and differential in the pattern of health seeking behavior. Along with initiation and strengthening of programs for non-communicable, existing programs for communicable diseases need to monitor and supervised strictly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agro-climatic%20zone" title="agro-climatic zone">agro-climatic zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20transition" title=" epidemiological transition"> epidemiological transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health-seeking%20behavior" title=" health-seeking behavior"> health-seeking behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20regression" title=" multilevel regression"> multilevel regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85840/the-effect-of-geographical-differentials-of-epidemiological-transition-on-health-seeking-behavior-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6974</span> A Review on Water Models of Surface Water Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20G.%20Hassan">Shahbaz G. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water quality models are very important to predict the changes in surface water quality for environmental management. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the water qualities, and to provide directions for selecting models in specific situation. Water quality models include one kind of model based on a mechanistic approach, while other models simulate water quality without considering a mechanism. Mechanistic models can be widely applied and have capabilities for long-time simulation, with highly complexity. Therefore, more spaces are provided to explain the principle and application experience of mechanistic models. Mechanism models have certain assumptions on rivers, lakes and estuaries, which limits the application range of the model, this paper introduces the principles and applications of water quality model based on the above three scenarios. On the other hand, mechanistic models are more easily to compute, and with no limit to the geographical conditions, but they cannot be used with confidence to simulate long term changes. This paper divides the empirical models into two broad categories according to the difference of mathematical algorithm, models based on artificial intelligence and models based on statistical methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20models" title="empirical models">empirical models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical" title=" mathematical"> mathematical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical" title=" statistical"> statistical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60966/a-review-on-water-models-of-surface-water-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6973</span> Management and Marketing Implications of Tourism Gravity Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clive%20L.%20Morley">Clive L. Morley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gravity models and panel data modelling of tourism flows are receiving renewed attention, after decades of general neglect. Such models have quite different underpinnings from conventional demand models derived from micro-economic theory. They operate at a different level of data and with different theoretical bases. These differences have important consequences for the interpretation of the results and their policy and managerial implications. This review compares and contrasts the two model forms, clarifying the distinguishing features and the estimation requirements of each. In general, gravity models are not recommended for use to address specific management and marketing purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20models" title="gravity models">gravity models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-economics" title=" micro-economics"> micro-economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20models" title=" demand models"> demand models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6292/management-and-marketing-implications-of-tourism-gravity-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6972</span> Electric Models for Crosstalk Predection: Analysis and Performance Evaluation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kachout%20Mnaouer">Kachout Mnaouer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bel%20Hadj%20Tahar%20Jamel"> Bel Hadj Tahar Jamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choubani%20Fethi"> Choubani Fethi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, three electric equivalent models to evaluate crosstalk between three-conductor transmission lines are proposed. First, electric equivalent models for three-conductor transmission lines are presented. Secondly, rigorous equations to calculate the per-unit length inductive and capacitive parameters are developed. These models allow us to calculate crosstalk between conductors. Finally, to validate the presented models, we compare the theoretical results with simulation data. Obtained results show that proposed models can be used to predict crosstalk performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-end%20crosstalk" title="near-end crosstalk">near-end crosstalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductive%20parameter" title=" inductive parameter"> inductive parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L" title=" L"> L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%A0" title=" Π"> Π</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%20models" title=" T models"> T models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21854/electric-models-for-crosstalk-predection-analysis-and-performance-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6971</span> Analysis of Sentinel Epidemiological Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in the Republic of Kazakhstan during Seasons 2014/2015 - 2015/2016</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ardak%20Myrzabekova">Ardak Myrzabekova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sentinel epidemiological surveillance (SES) of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) was introduced in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2008. The purpose of this study was to analyze SES of flu among SARI patients in the Republic of Kazakhstan during last two flu seasons. Comparative analysis was conducted of SARI morbidity during 40 – 23 weeks of 2014/2015 (season 2014) and 2015/2016 (season 2015) in online base (http:\\ses.dec.kz). In the database during season 2014 were 1,398 SARI patients and 1,985 patients during season 2015. Individual data (clinical, epidemiological and laboratory) of SARI cases were collected based on the questionnaire and were put into the flu electronic system. The studied population was residents of the Republic of Kazakhstan who addressed for medical help in 24 sentinel in-patient clinics in 9 sentinel regions of the country. Swabs from nose and throat were taken for laboratory testing from SARI patients who met the standard case definition. The samples were examined in virology labs of sentinel regions using PCR and 'AmpliSens' test systems made in Russia. The first positive results for flu during season 2014 were obtained on 48 week, during season 2015 – on 46 week. The increase of the number of hospitalized SARI patients was observed during 42 week of 2015 – 01 week of 2016, and during 03 - 06 weeks of 2016, with fluctuating SARI incidence rate from 171 to 444 per 1,000 hospitalized. The highest SARI incidence rate during season 2014 were observed during 01 - 03 weeks of 2015: from 389 to 466 per 1,000 hospitalized. Patients admitted to the ICU during season 2015 were 3.0% (60) SARI patients, compared to 2.7% (38) in 2014 (p=0.3), obtaining oxygen therapy 1.0% (21) compared to 0.3% (5), accordingly, (р=0.009); with shortness of breath 74.8% (1,486) compared to 72.6% (1,015), (р=0.07); with impairment of consciousness 1.0% (21) compared to 0.6% (9), (р=0.11); with muscle pain 19.3% (384) compared to 13.6% (191), (р < 0.001); with joint pain 13.3% (265) compared to 9.3% (131), (p < 0.001). During season 2015 the prevailing subtype of flu А was А/Н1N1-09, it was observed mainly in the age group 30-64: 32.5% (169/520). During season 2014 flu А/Н3N2 was observed mainly in the age group 15-29: 43.6% (106/243). Among children under 14 flu А/Н1N1-09 during season 2015 was 37.3% (194/520), during season 2014 flu А/Н3N2 – 34.9% (85/243). Earlier beginning of the flu season was noted in 2015-2016 and a longer period of hospitalization of SARI patients, with high SARI morbidity rates, unlike season 2014-2015. Season 2015-2016 was characterized by prevailing circulation of virus of flu А/Н1N1-09, mainly in the age group 30-64, and also among children under 14. During season 2014-2015 the virus circulating in the country was А/Н3N2, which was observed mainly in the age group 15-29 and among children under 14. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flu" title="flu">flu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20system" title=" electronic system"> electronic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentinel%20epidemiological%20surveillance" title=" sentinel epidemiological surveillance"> sentinel epidemiological surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=severe%20acute%20respiratory%20infections" title=" severe acute respiratory infections"> severe acute respiratory infections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56143/analysis-of-sentinel-epidemiological-surveillance-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infections-in-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-during-seasons-20142015-20152016" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20models&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20models&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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