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city</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_city-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The city subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Historic buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_municipality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_municipality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The municipality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_municipality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hydrography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tlaxcala (city)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D1%8D-%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Тласкала-дэ-Хікатэнкатль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тласкала-дэ-Хікатэнкатль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Тласкала (град) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тласкала (град)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tlaxcala" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicohtencatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohtencatl – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohtencatl" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_(Stadt)" title="Tlaxcala (Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tlaxcala (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tlaxcala" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1_(%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7)" title="Τλαξκάλα (πόλη) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τλαξκάλα (πόλη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_(urbo)" title="Tlaxcala (urbo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tlaxcala (urbo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_(Mexiko)" title="Tlaxcala (Mexiko) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tlaxcala (Mexiko)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تلاسکالا سیتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلاسکالا سیتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tlaxcala" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%80%EB%9D%BD%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC%EB%8D%B0%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94%ED%85%A1%EC%B9%B4%ED%8B%80" title="틀락스칼라데시코텡카틀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="틀락스칼라데시코텡카틀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad_ti_Tlaxcala" title="Siudad ti Tlaxcala – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siudad ti Tlaxcala" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%94_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="טלקסקלה (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלקסקלה (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="ტლასკალა (ქალაქი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტლასკალა (ქალაქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala,_Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaskala_(miestas)" title="Tlaskala (miestas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tlaskala (miestas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicoténcatl – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicoténcatl" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_(stad)" title="Tlaxcala (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tlaxcala (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB" title="トラスカラ・デ・シコテンカトル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トラスカラ・デ・シコテンカトル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_(miasto)" title="Tlaxcala (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tlaxcala (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Тласкала-де-Хикотенкатль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тласкала-де-Хикотенкатль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicoténcatl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicoténcatl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB_(%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Тласкала де Сикотенкатл (Тласкала) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тласкала де Сикотенкатл (Тласкала)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_de_Xicohtencatl" title="Tlaxcala de Xicohtencatl – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tlaxcala de Xicohtencatl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_(stad)" title="Tlaxcala (stad) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tlaxcala (stad)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaxcala_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Tlaxcala (şehir) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tlaxcala (şehir)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Тласкала-де-Хікотенкатль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тласкала-де-Хікотенкатль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tlaxcala_(city)&params=19_18_45_N_98_14_24_W_region:MX_type:city(99896)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°18′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">98°14′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.31250°N 98.24000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.31250; -98.24000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Tlaxcala, Mexico</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tlaxcala</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tlaxcala1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise: Xicotencatl Theatre, Statue of Tlahuicole, City Hall and state government seat, a bell tower in Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral, University Cultural Center of UATX, San José Parish, cityscape overview"><img alt="Clockwise: Xicotencatl Theatre, Statue of Tlahuicole, City Hall and state government seat, a bell tower in Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral, University Cultural Center of UATX, San José Parish, cityscape overview" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tlaxcala1.jpg/250px-Tlaxcala1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="460" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tlaxcala1.jpg/375px-Tlaxcala1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tlaxcala1.jpg/500px-Tlaxcala1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="4898" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise: Xicotencatl Theatre, Statue of <a href="/wiki/Tlahuicole" title="Tlahuicole">Tlahuicole</a>, City Hall and state government seat, a bell tower in <a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala_City_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlaxcala City Cathedral">Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral</a>, University Cultural Center of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_University_of_Tlaxcala" title="Autonomous University of Tlaxcala">UATX</a>, San José Parish, cityscape overview</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EscudodeTlaxcala.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Tlaxcala"><img alt="Official seal of Tlaxcala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/EscudodeTlaxcala.png/75px-EscudodeTlaxcala.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/EscudodeTlaxcala.png/112px-EscudodeTlaxcala.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/EscudodeTlaxcala.png/150px-EscudodeTlaxcala.png 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="688" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tlaxcala.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Tlaxcala"><img alt="Coat of arms of Tlaxcala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Coat_of_arms_of_Tlaxcala.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Coat_of_arms_of_Tlaxcala.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Coat_of_arms_of_Tlaxcala.svg/167px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tlaxcala_en_Tlaxcala.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Tlaxcala within Tlaxcala"><img alt="Location of Tlaxcala within Tlaxcala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tlaxcala_en_Tlaxcala.svg/250px-Tlaxcala_en_Tlaxcala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tlaxcala_en_Tlaxcala.svg/375px-Tlaxcala_en_Tlaxcala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tlaxcala_en_Tlaxcala.svg/500px-Tlaxcala_en_Tlaxcala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1062" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Tlaxcala within Tlaxcala</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_States_blank_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tlaxcala is located in Mexico"><img alt="Tlaxcala is located in Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/300px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/450px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mexico_States_blank_map.svg/600px-Mexico_States_blank_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="1326" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.233%;left:62.919%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tlaxcala"><img alt="Tlaxcala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tlaxcala</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Mexico</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tlaxcala_(city)&params=19_18_45_N_98_14_24_W_region:MX_type:city(99896)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°18′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">98°14′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.31250°N 98.24000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.31250; -98.24000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Mexico">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala">Tlaxcala</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala_Municipality" title="Tlaxcala Municipality">Tlaxcala</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">3 October 1525</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal Status</th><td class="infobox-data">1813</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Municipal President</th><td class="infobox-data">Jorge Corichi Fragoso</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (of seat)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,239 m (7,346 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">99,896</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tlaxcalan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-6" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-6">UTC-6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Mexico" title="Time in Mexico">Zona Centro</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code (of seat)</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">90000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">246</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitaltlaxcala.gob.mx/">capitaltlaxcala.gob.mx</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tlaxcala</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">tlə-<span style="font-size:90%">SKAH</span>-lə, tla-</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">tlah-</i></a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[tla(ɣ)sˈkala]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c1\/TlaxcalaPronunciation.ogg\/TlaxcalaPronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"TlaxcalaPronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/TlaxcalaPronunciation.ogg/TlaxcalaPronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:TlaxcalaPronunciation.ogg" title="File:TlaxcalaPronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), officially <b>Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl</b>, is the capital and the largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico" title="List of states of Mexico">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala">Tlaxcala</a> and seat of the <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Tlaxcala" title="Municipalities of Tlaxcala">municipality</a> of the same name. The city did not exist during the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Hispanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Hispanic">pre-Hispanic</a> period but was laid out by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> as a center of evangelization and governance after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a>. The city was designated as a diocese but eventually lost that status to <a href="/wiki/Puebla,_Puebla" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebla, Puebla">Puebla</a> as its population declined. The city still has many of its old colonial structures, including the former Franciscan monastery, and newer civic structures like the <a href="/wiki/Xicohtencatl_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Xicohtencatl Theatre">Xicohtencatl Theatre</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa-Real---Tlaxcala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Casa-Real---Tlaxcala.jpg/220px-Casa-Real---Tlaxcala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Casa-Real---Tlaxcala.jpg/330px-Casa-Real---Tlaxcala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Casa-Real---Tlaxcala.jpg/440px-Casa-Real---Tlaxcala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>City Hall complex was set the Royal House</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CeremonialCeramicsTlaxReg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/CeremonialCeramicsTlaxReg.JPG/220px-CeremonialCeramicsTlaxReg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/CeremonialCeramicsTlaxReg.JPG/330px-CeremonialCeramicsTlaxReg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/CeremonialCeramicsTlaxReg.JPG/440px-CeremonialCeramicsTlaxReg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>Pre Hispanic ceramics at the Regional Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AtriumCrossTlaxRegMus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/AtriumCrossTlaxRegMus.JPG/170px-AtriumCrossTlaxRegMus.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/AtriumCrossTlaxRegMus.JPG/255px-AtriumCrossTlaxRegMus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/AtriumCrossTlaxRegMus.JPG/340px-AtriumCrossTlaxRegMus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atrial_cross" title="Atrial cross">Atrial cross</a> from the early colonial period</figcaption></figure> <p>The name Tlaxcala most likely comes from a <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> phrase which means “place of corn bread.” The Aztec glyph for the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerican</a> dominion is two hills from which emerge a pair of hands making a tortilla.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site of the modern city did not have a settlement for most of the pre Hispanic era. The area was ruled by a coalition of four dominions called <a href="/wiki/Tepeticpac" title="Tepeticpac">Tepeticpac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocotelolco" title="Ocotelolco">Ocotelolco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tizatlan" title="Tizatlan">Tizatlan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quiahuiztlan" title="Quiahuiztlan">Quiahuiztlan</a> which united in the 14th century to defend themselves against the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztecs</a> and other enemies. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Tlaxcala was one of the most important areas of Mesoamerica with commercial ties to the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean as well as Central America.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec Empire</a> grew, it conquered Tlaxcala's neighbors but left the dominion in order to perform annual ritual combat called the “<a href="/wiki/Flower_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Flower wars">flower wars</a>” which aimed to not conquer but capture soldiers for sacrifice. The conquest of the surrounding area also cut off Tlaxcala's commerce. This remained the case until the arrival of the Spanish in the early 16th century. <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a> took advantage of this situation, enlisting the Tlaxcalans as allies against the Aztecs, giving them a base to attack from and regroup after the <a href="/wiki/La_Noche_Triste" title="La Noche Triste">La Noche Triste</a> when they were initially expelled from Tenochtitlan.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the military alliance of the Tlaxcalans, they did not have a single capital. After the Spanish conquest terminated, the Europeans selected the current site to solidify their hold on the Tlaxcalans as well as have a base for evangelization. The most likely time that the city was founded was spring of 1522.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tlaxcala was the fifth diocese to be established in the Americas and the second in Mexico after Yucatán. The first bishop was Julian Garces and the seat was established in 1527. However, since there was a cathedral in the city of Puebla and not in Tlaxcala, the seat was moved to Puebla in 1539 and has remained there since. The original territory of the diocese included the states of <a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a>, Tlaxcala, <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabasco" title="Tabasco">Tabasco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(state)" title="Hidalgo (state)">Hidalgo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a>, but as new diocese were erected, the territory reduced to the present, states of Puebla and Tlaxcala. In 1903, the name of the Diocese of Tlaxcala was changed to the Diocese of Puebla.<sup id="cite_ref-cathenc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathenc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the Spanish conquest, the Tlaxcala area was heavily populated but with epidemics, emigrations and the construction of the Nochistongo canal to drain the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Mexico" title="Valley of Mexico">Valley of Mexico</a>, most of the indigenous population disappeared. A document of 1625 states that there were 300,000 in the city in the 16th century but only 700 remained by that time it was written.<sup id="cite_ref-cathenc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathenc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was begun in 1537 with the construction of the San Francisco monastery. The city became the center of Tlaxcala identity during the colonial period. Its commerce was originally centered in the main square but was eventually moved to the outskirts of town. One important project that was traded here was the cochineal insect, used to make red dye. When <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> was divided into five major provinces, Tlaxcala became the capital of one of them, with roughly the same dimensions as the pre Hispanic coalition of dominions. Tlaxcala was promised certain rights as an ally during the Conquest. When a number of these were not met, a codex was produced here called the <a href="/wiki/Lienzo_de_Tlaxcala" class="mw-redirect" title="Lienzo de Tlaxcala">Lienzo de Tlaxcala</a> as a complaint to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Crown">Spanish Crown</a>. However, despite the complaints, most of the indigenous eventually lost their lands around the city and lost many of their commerce rights in it.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1692, a revolt occurred against Governor Manuel de Bustamante y Bustillo due to the scarcity of grain.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Tlaxcala became a municipality in 1813, under the Spanish Constitution of 1812.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French forces were forced out of the city in 1867 after which Tlaxcalan forces went with <a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a> to liberate Puebla and after that, <a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro,_Quer%C3%A9taro" class="mw-redirect" title="Querétaro, Querétaro">Querétaro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the end of the 19th century, the politics of the city were dominated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%B3spero_Cahuantzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Próspero Cahuantzi (page does not exist)">Próspero Cahuantzi</a>, who promoted public works such as kiosks, streets, public markets, bridges and government buildings. The city changed from oil lamps to electric light in the historic center, the state government palace was remodeled and the Xicohtencatl Theatre was built. Electricity for the city was generated through a hydroelectric works in a canal on the Los Negros River.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>, the city recovered and began to grow again, reaching a population of 6,000 by 1927. In the mid 20th century, public education was enhanced at the middle and high school levels. More public works were undertaken to give the city the appearance it has today.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_city">The city</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tlaxcala_-_Avda._Juarez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tlaxcala_-_Avda._Juarez.jpg/220px-Tlaxcala_-_Avda._Juarez.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tlaxcala_-_Avda._Juarez.jpg/330px-Tlaxcala_-_Avda._Juarez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tlaxcala_-_Avda._Juarez.jpg/440px-Tlaxcala_-_Avda._Juarez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Juárez Avenue in downtown, very near City Hall complex</figcaption></figure> <p>The city center is compact and filled with colonial era building painted in colors such as burnt umber, salmon pink and mustard yellow.<sup id="cite_ref-fmoon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fmoon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these buildings are centered on the main square called the Plaza de la Constitución. This square measures 75 metres (246 feet) on each side and was established when the Spanish laid out the city in 1524. The current name was given in 1813 to honor the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812" title="Spanish Constitution of 1812">Cádiz Constitution</a> as well as the Mexican constitutions of <a href="/wiki/1857_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1857 Constitution">1857</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mexico" title="Constitution of Mexico">1917</a>. In the center of this square is the Santa Cruz Fountain which was donated to the city by Philip IV in 1646. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Kiosk" title="Kiosk">kiosk</a> which was constructed in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Portal Hidalgo is on the east side of the main square, built as commercial space in 1550. It is still used as such today although the structures have been modified since then as seen in the differences in the columns and sizes of the arches. The city hall was moved from its centuries old home in the “Casas Reales” to this complex. The interior is dominated by the city council chamber (Salón de Cabildos) along with various municipal offices. On the lower level inside its section of the arches, there is a cultural space called “La Tlaxcalteca” which sells regional handcrafts and other goods as well as books about Tlaxcala's history.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_buildings">Historic buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historic buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Capilla Real de Indias or Royal Indian Chapel was built in the 16th century as a church for indigenous nobility. At the end of the 18th century, a fire destroyed the nave and much of the rest collapsed as a result of an earthquake. The ruins remained abandoned until the structure was restored in 1984 to house the state's judicial branch.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Casa de Piedra ("Stone House") is located on the southwest corner of the main plaza. It was built in the 16th century as a notary office and home. Its name comes from the solid gray sandstone used in its construction, unique to the area.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Franciscan monastery</dt></dl> <p>The former <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan order">Franciscan</a> monastery was built between 1537 and 1542, located on a hill on the edge of the historic center, away from the main square. It was one of the first four to be built by the Franciscans in the Americas, accredited to <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Valencia" title="Martín de Valencia">Martín de Valencia</a>. The layout of the complex is unusual with the cloister on the left or north side of the church. The church still has its original roof made from large beams of wood.<sup id="cite_ref-musreg_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musreg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main nave of the church has one of the few examples of <a href="/wiki/Moorish" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish">Moorish</a> art in the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a large atrium and various chapels, with only two of the atrium chapels remaining. There is a tower located on the outside wall away from the main building.<sup id="cite_ref-musreg_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musreg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The east atrium is historically important as the site of the first evangelist plays performed in <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> starting in 1537. Today, this cloister area is the Regional Museum of Tlaxcala.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main gateway to the monastery has the coat-of-arms of Castillas and the year 1629, mostly likely to mark the centennial of the monastery's founding.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The after its use as a monastery ended, the cloister was used as a military barracks, a hospital and a prison. Only some of its original murals remain. It has been the home of the Regional Museum since 1981. The museum contains five halls dedicated to the history of the state from the pre-Hispanic period to the 19th century and it has two halls for temporary exhibits. The museum also hosts conferences and cultural events. Other services include those related to research. The museum is operated by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) .<sup id="cite_ref-musreg_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-musreg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jorge Aguilar “El Ranchero” <a href="/wiki/Bullring" title="Bullring">Bullring</a> is on a site next to the former monastery. It was one of the first established in Tlaxcala in 1788. In 1817, the current structure was built of adobe and stone. The popularity of the sport spurred a number of ranches dedicated to raising bulls including the Tepeyahualco, Piedras Negras and Mimiahuapan. It is located next to the former monastery and also serves as the site for the annual Tlaxcala Fair.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The State Government Palace is the most important civic construction from the 16th century. It has three sections. The east wing was known as the Casas Reales, the center Casas Consistoriales and the west wing as the Alhóndiga. The building is used for state government offices. The interior contain a number of murals by <a href="/wiki/Desiderio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Xochitiotzin" title="Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin">Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin</a>, which depict the history of Tlaxcala.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>San José parish church</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanJoseTlax.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/SanJoseTlax.JPG/220px-SanJoseTlax.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/SanJoseTlax.JPG/330px-SanJoseTlax.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/SanJoseTlax.JPG/440px-SanJoseTlax.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>San José Parish</figcaption></figure> <p>The San José parish church was originally called the parish of San Juan y San José (Saints John and Joseph), constructed during the 18th century in Baroque style. This site was once the cathedral of the Diocese of Tlaxcala, but this has since been merged with <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Puebla" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Puebla">Puebla</a>, with its seat in the city of Puebla. The building has orange walls with cobalt blue <a href="/wiki/Talavera_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talavera (pottery)">Talavara ceramic tiles</a> and a façade decorated in mortar work.<sup id="cite_ref-fmoon_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fmoon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main entrance is an arch supported by pilasters and flanked by columns. The upper part of the façade has a choral window also flanked by columns. The left hand tower has one level with arches, flanked by Tuscan pilasters topped by a small dome covered in Talavera tile. In 1864, the cupola and roof were destroyed by an earthquake. The current ones with Talavera tile are from the reconstruction. The interior is decorated in <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical style</a> with a Latin cross layout although there are still some Baroque and <a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">Churrigueresque</a> altars. The main altar is Neoclassical but with an altarpiece which is Baroque. The upper choir area has an elaborate wood railing. On each side of the area below the choir area there are two Churrigueresque altars. In the two side chapels there are oil paintings by Manuel Caro as well as two holy water fonts of sculpted stone that has images of the god <a href="/wiki/Camaxtli" class="mw-redirect" title="Camaxtli">Camaxtli</a> and the Spanish coat of arms.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MuseoArteTlaxcala.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MuseoArteTlaxcala.JPG/220px-MuseoArteTlaxcala.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MuseoArteTlaxcala.JPG/330px-MuseoArteTlaxcala.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MuseoArteTlaxcala.JPG/440px-MuseoArteTlaxcala.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2433" /></a><figcaption>Tlaxcala Museum of Art</figcaption></figure> <p>The former municipal palace was constructed in the middle of the 16th century as a place for the representatives of the four Tlaxcala dominions to meet. It has two levels with arches on the lower level of the façade. The main entranceway has three arches with reliefs over stone columns. The upper level of the façade has a seal and a pediment with clock. The interior has a terrace with three arches supported by Tuscan columns. The main stairway has a relief depicting <a href="/wiki/Xicotencatl_II" title="Xicotencatl II">Xicohtencatl Axayacatzin</a> as well as reliefs of the four Tlaxcalan leaders at the time of the Spanish arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Former Legislative Palace is now home to the state's Secretary of Tourism. It was built in the 19th century with a façade of gray sandstone supported by pilasters with capitols. The building functioned as the site of the state's legislature from 1901 to 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PalaceJusticeCapillaIndiosTlax2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PalaceJusticeCapillaIndiosTlax2.JPG/220px-PalaceJusticeCapillaIndiosTlax2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PalaceJusticeCapillaIndiosTlax2.JPG/330px-PalaceJusticeCapillaIndiosTlax2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PalaceJusticeCapillaIndiosTlax2.JPG/440px-PalaceJusticeCapillaIndiosTlax2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3290" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Capilla de los Indios, present-day state of Tlaxcala supreme court building</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Xicohtencatl_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Xicohtencatl Theatre">Xicohtencatl Theatre</a> was built in 1873 with one of its early main productions being a re-enactment of the Battle of Puebla. Built during the Porfirio Díaz period, it was remodeled after the Mexican Revolution to Neoclassical from 1923 to 1945. The latest restoration of the building occurred in 1984 done by the Instituto Tlaxcalteca de Cultura. It has a sandstone façade, which is principally in Neoclassical style. This façade has twelve pilasters with Corinthian capitols that mark off the windows, doors and niches. The lower level has three entrances and the upper level has three balconies with arches. The interior has a ceiling with a large soffit with an <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> style painting by John Fulton representing the Muses along with Tlaxcala landscapes.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tlaxcala Museum of Art was inaugurated in 2004, located in a building constructed in the 19th century in the historic center. This building originally was a hospital and later jail. When it was restored and converted to its current use, the façade and layout of the building was left intact with only minor changes. The museum has six main halls for permanent exhibits and five for temporary ones.<sup id="cite_ref-sicgobmat_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sicgobmat-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Culture Palace is a late Neoclassical building which was begun in 1939. It has a brick façade with a woven mat design interspersed with ornamental gray sandstone. It was originally built to be the middle and preparatory school for the state, but later it was converted into a department of the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Aut%C3%B3noma_de_Tlaxcala" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala">Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala</a> and finally in 1991, housed the Tlaxcala Cultural Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Stairway of the Heroes was initially called the “Stairway of Independence” both of which refer to the busts of figures such as <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Allende" title="Ignacio Allende">Ignacio Allende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Morelos" title="José María Morelos">José María Morelos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josefa_Ortiz_de_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez">Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez</a>. Busts from persons later in Mexico's history were added such as those of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Francisco I. Madero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Ricardo Flores Magón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata" title="Emiliano Zapata">Emiliano Zapata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Villa" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Villa">Francisco Villa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Venustiano Carranza</a> as well as Domingo Arenas, who was a Tlaxcalan figure from the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KioskPlazaTlaxcala02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KioskPlazaTlaxcala02.JPG/220px-KioskPlazaTlaxcala02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KioskPlazaTlaxcala02.JPG/330px-KioskPlazaTlaxcala02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KioskPlazaTlaxcala02.JPG/440px-KioskPlazaTlaxcala02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>View of the Plaza de Armas</figcaption></figure> <p>Plaza Xicohténcatl was created in the late 20th century for a weekend arts and crafts market. In the colonial period, the area was used for the sale of slaves according to some historians. Calzada de San Francisco is a pedestrian street at the southeast side of the plaza, filled with ash trees and paved with blocks of sandstone. As the road leads up to the former monastery, it ends at a gate with three arches.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Chichita is the name of a fountain found at the intersection of Vicente Guerrero and Porfirio Díaz streets. It is fed by a natural water flow and used to be the source of potable water for the surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-tlaxcap_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlaxcap-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Tizatlán Open Chapel</dt></dl> <p>The Tizatlán Open Chapel was built in the 16th century over a pyramid platform which was part of the palace of Xicohtencatl the Elder. This building appears in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Tlaxcala" title="History of Tlaxcala">Tlaxcala Codex</a> from 1550. <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a> placed a cross here along with indigenous leaders <a href="/wiki/Maxixcatzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxixcatzin">Maxixcatzin</a> and Xicohtencatl. There are still fragments of murals depicting the <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">baptism of Jesus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Three_Wise_Men" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Wise Men">Three Wise Men</a> and of God, the Father, surrounded by angels playing musical instruments. Adjoining this is the Tizatlán archeological site, in which still remain six semicircular columns, two altars with paintings similar to those of the <a href="/wiki/Borgia_Codex" class="mw-redirect" title="Borgia Codex">Borgia Codex</a>, where the gods <a href="/wiki/Tezcatlipoca" title="Tezcatlipoca">Tezcatlipoca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tlahuizcalpantecutli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlahuizcalpantecutli">Tlahuizcalpantecutli</a> appear.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chapel of the Well of the Miraculous Water (Capilla del Pocito de Agua Milagrosa) is a small building at a fresh water spring. It began as a wall built to protect the spring at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century. The chapel building dates from between 1892 and 1896 but the entrance arch is older. It has an octagonal layout. One of the walls contains an oil by Isauro G. Cervantes from 1913 and the rest of the walls have murals with Biblical scenes related to water done by Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin and Pedro Avelino. Traditionally, red pottery ducks are sold in the small atrium as object of devotion or for healing.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chapel of San Nicolasito was originally constructed of wood in the 16th century dedicated to Nicholas of Tolentino. In the 19th century the chapel was reconstructed to what is now one of the side chapels. Little by little it was enlarged to its present size.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The San Esteban Temple was constructed from sandstone in the 20th century in Neoclassical style. Its atrium serves as a cemetery and its interior has a mural depicting the baptism of the four indigenous lords of Tlaxcala in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The San Buenaventura Atempan hermitage was constructed around the time that Cortés was building the <a href="/wiki/Brigantine" title="Brigantine">brigantines</a> to invade <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a>. At that time, the structure was in a very rural area. Over the centuries it was abandoned and crumbled with only some of the walls remaining. Some of its images and other objects can now be found at a new temple nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm/220px--Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="39" data-mwtitle="Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco,_Tlaxcala.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco,_Tlaxcala.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm/Carnival_of_Acuitlapilco%2C_Tlaxcala.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Carnival parade 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>The city celebrates <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> starting the Friday before <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>, with the burning of an effigy to represent “bad humor” accompanied by funeral music. The following day, the queen of the carnival is selected. The main parade with floats occurs on Tuesday. During the long weekend there are various other events such as dance contests and recitals of traditional dance such as that of the Huehues from the community of Acuitlapilco. On Ash Wednesday, ceremonies end with a hanging of an effigy called “La Octava del Carnaval” Often the image is satirical, and of a person considered worthy of criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Feria de Todos Santos is an important event, dedicated to the agriculture, handcrafts and industry of the state. It also has cultural events such as concerts, art exhibits and dance as well as regional food and an inaugural parade.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_municipality">The municipality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The municipality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tlaxcala-Palacio_Gobierno_Fassade_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tlaxcala-Palacio_Gobierno_Fassade_1.jpg/170px-Tlaxcala-Palacio_Gobierno_Fassade_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tlaxcala-Palacio_Gobierno_Fassade_1.jpg/255px-Tlaxcala-Palacio_Gobierno_Fassade_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tlaxcala-Palacio_Gobierno_Fassade_1.jpg/340px-Tlaxcala-Palacio_Gobierno_Fassade_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>City Hall façade</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is the governing authority for itself and fifteen other communities, forming a territory of 41.61 square kilometres (16.07 square miles).<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-microrreg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microrreg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located in the south of the state, where most of the population is concentrated. It borders the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Totolac" title="Totolac">Totolac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apetatitl%C3%A1n_de_Antonio_Carvajal" title="Apetatitlán de Antonio Carvajal">Apetatitlán de Antonio Carvajal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tepeyanco_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepeyanco (municipality)">Tepeyanco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetlatlahuca_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetlatlahuca (municipality)">Tetlatlahuca</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Dami%C3%A1n_Texoloc_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Damián Texoloc (municipality)">San Damián Texoloc</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jer%C3%B3nimo_Zacualpan_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jerónimo Zacualpan (municipality)">San Jerónimo Zacualpan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiautempan,_Tlaxcala" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiautempan, Tlaxcala">Chiautempan</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Magdalena_Tlaltelulco_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Magdalena Tlaltelulco (municipality)">La Magdalena Tlaltelulco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Isabel_Xiloxoxtla" title="Santa Isabel Xiloxoxtla">Santa Isabel Xiloxoxtla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panotla_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panotla (municipality)">Panotla</a>. The municipal government consists of a municipal president, an officer called a <i>síndico</i> and seven representatives called <i>regidores</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality has a very low level of socioeconomic marginalization, with no community having a state of medium and high marginalization. There are 23,035 residences as of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-microrreg_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microrreg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant communities outside the municipal seat include <a href="/wiki/Ocotl%C3%A1n,_Tlaxcala" title="Ocotlán, Tlaxcala">Octolán</a>, San Estebán Tizatlán, San Gabriel Cuauhtla, San Hipólito Chimalpa, San Lucas Cuauhtelupan and Santa Maria Acuitlapilco.<sup id="cite_ref-microrreg_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microrreg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Ocotl%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Ocotlán (page does not exist)">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Ocotlán</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Ocotl%C3%A1n" class="extiw" title="es:Basílica de Ocotlán">es</a>]</span> was consecrated in 1854 and in 1905 it was declared the parish church of Ocotlán. In 1907, it was declared a collegiate church and in 1957, it became a minor basilica. The church is in Tlaxcalan Baroque style characterized by the use of tile and red brick. The façade is built to look like an altarpiece and topped with a seashell image. The main entrance is an arch flanked by <a href="/wiki/Estipite" title="Estipite">estipite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salomonic_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Salomonic column">Salomonic columns</a> with have images of the doctors of the church, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">twelve Apostles</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Saint Joseph</a> appears in the arch. Above this is a figure representing the Immaculate Conception and <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>. Near this is the choral window in the form of a stylized star. The towers were construction in the latter 18th century with arches and vegetative decoration. The cupola contains four mirrors with the cornice covered in gold leaf. The ante-sacristy has five oil paintings by Manuel Caro done in 1781 depicting scenes of some of the Virgin Mary's appearances. The <a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">sacristy</a> has a painting of Saint Joseph by Joaquin Magón from 1754. The Guadalupe chapel to the side has lead figures of the Four Evangelists as well as paintings by Miguel Lucas Bedolla and Manuel Yañez. The image of the virgin is in a Baroque chamber decorated in plasterwork by Francisco Miguel Tlayoltehuanitzin between 1715 and 1740 and eight Salomonic columns.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro,_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl,_Tlax.,_Mexico_-_panoramio_(335).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%28335%29.jpg/220px-Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%28335%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%28335%29.jpg/330px-Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%28335%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%28335%29.jpg/440px-Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%28335%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Zahuapan River over Tlaxcala</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is located in the central Mexican highlands 2,239 metres (7,346 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>, in a valley of the same name, from which the <a href="/wiki/Popocat%C3%A9petl" title="Popocatépetl">Popocatépetl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iztacc%C3%ADhuatl" class="mw-redirect" title="Iztaccíhuatl">Iztaccíhuatl</a> volcanoes can be seen in the distance.<sup id="cite_ref-fmoon_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fmoon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main elevations in the municipality are El Cerro Ostol at 2,460 metres (8,070 feet) and El Cerro Tepepan at 2,320 metres (7,610 feet).<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hydrography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main river in the municipality is the Zahuapan, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Balsas_River" title="Balsas River">Balsas River</a> region and the basin of the <a href="/wiki/Balsas_River" title="Balsas River">Atoyac River</a>. Other rivers include the Huizcalotla, Negros, Tlacuetla and Lixcatlat. There are remnants of the former lake of Acuitlapilco as well. Other sources of fresh water include a spring in Acuitlapilco and a stream in Tepehitec which runs during the rainy season.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The higher elevations of the municipality have forests of pine, <a href="/wiki/Quercus_agrifolia" title="Quercus agrifolia">holm oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_cedar" title="White cedar">white cedar</a>. The mid range elevations are mostly secondary vegetation dominated by bush and low growing trees. The flat areas are dominated by a number of dry tolerate plants such as agave, nopal cactus and grasses. Because of the expansion of the urban area, the municipally only has small mammals such as rabbits, squirrels and <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a>, along with some species of birds and reptiles as wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate is a temperate <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_highland_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical highland climate">subtropical highland climate</a>, which is semi-moist with most rain in the summer. The average annual high temperatures is 24.3 °C (75.7 °F) and the average low is 7.2 °C (45.0 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-encmuc_1-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <caption>Climate data for Tlaxcala (1951–2010) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(0.34) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(0.29) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(0.41) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(1.22) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.8<br />(2.94) </td> <td style="background: #0BFF0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.1<br />(6.22) </td> <td style="background: #15FF15; color:#000000;" class="notheme">156.4<br />(6.16) </td> <td style="background: #0DFF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.2<br />(6.39) </td> <td style="background: #27FF27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.0<br />(5.51) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.0<br />(2.68) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(0.44) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">834.5<br />(32.85) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.4 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.0 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.0 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">109.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">251 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">221 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">216 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,437 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico National (humidity 1981–2000)<sup id="cite_ref-SMN_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMN-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-obs_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (sun, 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayuntamiento_de_la_Cd._de_Tlaxcala.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="City Hall complex"><img alt="City Hall complex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ayuntamiento_de_la_Cd._de_Tlaxcala.JPG/240px-Ayuntamiento_de_la_Cd._de_Tlaxcala.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ayuntamiento_de_la_Cd._de_Tlaxcala.JPG/360px-Ayuntamiento_de_la_Cd._de_Tlaxcala.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ayuntamiento_de_la_Cd._de_Tlaxcala.JPG/480px-Ayuntamiento_de_la_Cd._de_Tlaxcala.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">City Hall complex</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calle_de_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl_-_Mayo_2019_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Calle_de_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl_-_Mayo_2019_%281%29.jpg/135px-Calle_de_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl_-_Mayo_2019_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Calle_de_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl_-_Mayo_2019_%281%29.jpg/202px-Calle_de_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl_-_Mayo_2019_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Calle_de_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl_-_Mayo_2019_%281%29.jpg/270px-Calle_de_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl_-_Mayo_2019_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_in_Tlaxcala_city_in_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Street_in_Tlaxcala_city_in_2008.jpg/240px-Street_in_Tlaxcala_city_in_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Street_in_Tlaxcala_city_in_2008.jpg/360px-Street_in_Tlaxcala_city_in_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Street_in_Tlaxcala_city_in_2008.jpg/480px-Street_in_Tlaxcala_city_in_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatro_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl,_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xicotencatl Theatre"><img alt="Xicotencatl Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Teatro_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl%2C_exterior.jpg/270px-Teatro_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl%2C_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Teatro_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl%2C_exterior.jpg/405px-Teatro_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl%2C_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Teatro_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl%2C_exterior.jpg/540px-Teatro_Xicot%C3%A9ncatl%2C_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext">Xicotencatl Theatre</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_de_la_Memoria_en_Tlaxcala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum of the Memory"><img alt="Museum of the Memory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Museo_de_la_Memoria_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/240px-Museo_de_la_Memoria_en_Tlaxcala.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Museo_de_la_Memoria_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/360px-Museo_de_la_Memoria_en_Tlaxcala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Museo_de_la_Memoria_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/480px-Museo_de_la_Memoria_en_Tlaxcala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Museum of the Memory</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_de_Toros_Jorge_el_%22Ranchero%22_Aguilar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The bullring "Jorge "Rancher" Aguilar" and church"><img alt="The bullring "Jorge "Rancher" Aguilar" and church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Plaza_de_Toros_Jorge_el_%22Ranchero%22_Aguilar.jpg/180px-Plaza_de_Toros_Jorge_el_%22Ranchero%22_Aguilar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Plaza_de_Toros_Jorge_el_%22Ranchero%22_Aguilar.jpg/270px-Plaza_de_Toros_Jorge_el_%22Ranchero%22_Aguilar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Plaza_de_Toros_Jorge_el_%22Ranchero%22_Aguilar.jpg/360px-Plaza_de_Toros_Jorge_el_%22Ranchero%22_Aguilar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 100px"><div class="gallerytext">The bullring "Jorge "Rancher" Aguilar" and church</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Templo_del_Buen_Vecino_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Del Buen Vecino Church"><img alt="Del Buen Vecino Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Templo_del_Buen_Vecino_02.JPG/135px-Templo_del_Buen_Vecino_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Templo_del_Buen_Vecino_02.JPG/202px-Templo_del_Buen_Vecino_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Templo_del_Buen_Vecino_02.JPG/270px-Templo_del_Buen_Vecino_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 70px"><div class="gallerytext">Del Buen Vecino Church</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fachada_y_atrio_Ex_Convento_de_San_Francisco_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="First convent in the continental Americas in Tlaxcala, named for the Assumption"><img alt="First convent in the continental Americas in Tlaxcala, named for the Assumption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fachada_y_atrio_Ex_Convento_de_San_Francisco_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora.JPG/270px-Fachada_y_atrio_Ex_Convento_de_San_Francisco_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fachada_y_atrio_Ex_Convento_de_San_Francisco_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora.JPG/405px-Fachada_y_atrio_Ex_Convento_de_San_Francisco_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fachada_y_atrio_Ex_Convento_de_San_Francisco_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora.JPG/540px-Fachada_y_atrio_Ex_Convento_de_San_Francisco_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext">First convent in the continental Americas in Tlaxcala, named for the Assumption</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrera_por_la_familia_en_Tlaxcala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aqueduct"><img alt="Aqueduct" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Carrera_por_la_familia_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/240px-Carrera_por_la_familia_en_Tlaxcala.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Carrera_por_la_familia_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/360px-Carrera_por_la_familia_en_Tlaxcala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Carrera_por_la_familia_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/480px-Carrera_por_la_familia_en_Tlaxcala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Aqueduct</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%ADo_Zahuapan_en_Tlaxcala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zahuapan River, channeled by the Spanish"><img alt="Zahuapan River, channeled by the Spanish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/R%C3%ADo_Zahuapan_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/240px-R%C3%ADo_Zahuapan_en_Tlaxcala.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/R%C3%ADo_Zahuapan_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/360px-R%C3%ADo_Zahuapan_en_Tlaxcala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/R%C3%ADo_Zahuapan_en_Tlaxcala.jpg/480px-R%C3%ADo_Zahuapan_en_Tlaxcala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Zahuapan River, channeled by the Spanish</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pi%C3%B1atas_on_Independencia_Street_in_the_city_of_Tlaxcala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pi%C3%B1atas_on_Independencia_Street_in_the_city_of_Tlaxcala.jpg/240px-Pi%C3%B1atas_on_Independencia_Street_in_the_city_of_Tlaxcala.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pi%C3%B1atas_on_Independencia_Street_in_the_city_of_Tlaxcala.jpg/360px-Pi%C3%B1atas_on_Independencia_Street_in_the_city_of_Tlaxcala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pi%C3%B1atas_on_Independencia_Street_in_the_city_of_Tlaxcala.jpg/480px-Pi%C3%B1atas_on_Independencia_Street_in_the_city_of_Tlaxcala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro,_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl,_Tlax.,_Mexico_-_panoramio_(77).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Escalinatas de los Héroes"><img alt="Escalinatas de los Héroes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg/240px-Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg/360px-Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg/480px-Centro%2C_Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl%2C_Tlax.%2C_Mexico_-_panoramio_%2877%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Escalinatas de los Héroes</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estatua-Tlahuicole---Ciudad-de-Tlaxcala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Tlahuicole"><img alt="Statue of Tlahuicole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Estatua-Tlahuicole---Ciudad-de-Tlaxcala.jpg/316px-Estatua-Tlahuicole---Ciudad-de-Tlaxcala.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Estatua-Tlahuicole---Ciudad-de-Tlaxcala.jpg/474px-Estatua-Tlahuicole---Ciudad-de-Tlaxcala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Estatua-Tlahuicole---Ciudad-de-Tlaxcala.jpg/631px-Estatua-Tlahuicole---Ciudad-de-Tlaxcala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 191px"><div class="gallerytext">Statue of Tlahuicole</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A9" title="Salé">Salé</a> (Morocco), 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn,_Spain" title="Medellín, Spain">Medellín</a> (Spain), 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun%C3%A9brega" title="Munébrega">Munébrega</a> (Spain), 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> (Spain), 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a> (South Korea), 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a> (Mexico), 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saltillo_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saltillo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_de_%C3%81lvarez" title="Villa de Álvarez">Villa de Álvarez</a> (Mexico), 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilpancingo" title="Chilpancingo">Chilpancingo</a> (Mexico), 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixtaczoquitl%C3%A1n" title="Ixtaczoquitlán">Ixtaczoquitlán</a> (Mexico), 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Tlaxcala_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tlaxcala-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-encmuc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encmuc_1-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306005745/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_tlaxcala">"Tlaxcala"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México – Estado de Tlaxcala</i> (in Spanish). Mexico: INAFED Instituto para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal and SEGOB Secretaría de Gobernación. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_tlaxcala">the original</a> on March 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tlaxcala&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+de+los+Municipios+y+Delegaciones+de+M%C3%A9xico+%E2%80%93+Estado+de+Tlaxcala&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pub=INAFED+Instituto+para+el+Federalismo+y+el+Desarrollo+Municipal+and+SEGOB+Secretar%C3%ADa+de+Gobernaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-local.gob.mx%2Fwb2%2FELOCAL%2FEMM_tlaxcala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATlaxcala+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cathenc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cathenc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cathenc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14747c.htm">"Tlaxcala"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=colimanoticias.com&rft.atitle=Se+Hermanan+las+Ciudades+de+la+Villa+y+Tlaxcala&rft.date=2019-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colimanoticias.com%2Fse-hermanan-las-ciudades-de-la-villa-y-tlaxcala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATlaxcala+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120611071858/http://enlacecordoba.com/regional/archivo-regional/60-noticias-regionales/1726-ixtaczoquitlan-hermanado-con-mas-de-diez-ciudades.html">"Ixtaczoquitlán, hermanado con más de diez ciudades"</a>. <i>Política en Red</i>. July 11, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enlacecordoba.com/regional/archivo-regional/60-noticias-regionales/1726-ixtaczoquitlan-hermanado-con-mas-de-diez-ciudades.html">the original</a> on June 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pol%C3%ADtica+en+Red&rft.atitle=Ixtaczoquitl%C3%A1n%2C+hermanado+con+m%C3%A1s+de+diez+ciudades&rft.date=2012-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenlacecordoba.com%2Fregional%2Farchivo-regional%2F60-noticias-regionales%2F1726-ixtaczoquitlan-hermanado-con-mas-de-diez-ciudades.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATlaxcala+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt">Station ID for Tlaxcala, TLAX is 76683</a> Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlaxcala_(city)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tlaxcala_de_Xicoht%C3%A9ncatl" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl">Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tlaxcala (town)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tlaxcala_(town)">"Tlaxcala (town)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 1034.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tlaxcala+%28town%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=1034&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATlaxcala+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_de_SolísThomas_Townsend1738" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Sol%C3%ADs_y_Ribadeneyra" title="Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra">Antonio de Solís</a>; Thomas Townsend (1738). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015008857297?urlappend=%3Bseq=330">"Description of the City of Tlascala"</a>. <i>History of the Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards</i>. London. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015008857297?urlappend=%3Bseq=330">2027/mdp.39015008857297</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Description+of+the+City+of+Tlascala&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Conquest+of+Mexico+by+the+Spaniards&rft.place=London&rft.date=1738&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015008857297%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D330&rft.au=Antonio+de+Sol%C3%ADs&rft.au=Thomas+Townsend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015008857297%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATlaxcala+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tlaxcala" title="Template talk:Tlaxcala"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tlaxcala" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tlaxcala"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Tlaxcala&#124;link=Tlaxcala_State_of_Tlaxcala" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala"><img alt="Tlaxcala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tlaxcala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> State of <a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala">Tlaxcala</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apizaco" title="Apizaco">Apizaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huamantla" title="Huamantla">Huamantla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatelco" title="Zacatelco">Zacatelco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiautempan" title="Chiautempan">Santa Ana Chiautempan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlaxco_Municipality,_Tlaxcala" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlaxco Municipality, Tlaxcala">Tlaxco</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tlaxcala_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tlaxcala_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/100px-Tlaxcala_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tlaxcala_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/150px-Tlaxcala_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tlaxcala_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/200px-Tlaxcala_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Tlaxcala" title="Municipalities of Tlaxcala">List of the sixty municipalities in Tlaxcala with their municipal seats (cabecera municipal)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala_Territory" title="Tlaxcala Territory">Tlaxcala Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala#History" title="Tlaxcala">History of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala#Geography" title="Tlaxcala">Geography of Tlaxcala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Malinche_National_Park" title="La Malinche National Park">La Malinche National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacaxtla" title="Cacaxtla">Cacaxtla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xochitecatl" title="Xochitecatl">Xochitecatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malinche_(volcano)" title="Malinche (volcano)">La Malinche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Mexican_state_capitals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: ;#f0f0f0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MexicoStateCapitals" title="Template:MexicoStateCapitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MexicoStateCapitals" title="Template talk:MexicoStateCapitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MexicoStateCapitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MexicoStateCapitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Mexican_state_capitals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico" title="List of states of Mexico">Mexican state</a> capitals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes_(city)" title="Aguascalientes (city)">Aguascalientes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes" title="Aguascalientes">Aguascalientes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Paz,_Baja_California_Sur" title="La Paz, Baja California Sur">La Paz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Sur" title="Baja California Sur">Baja California Sur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Campeche" title="Campeche">Campeche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuxtla_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Tuxtla Gutiérrez">Tuxtla Gutiérrez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_City" title="Chihuahua City">Chihuahua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coahuila" title="Coahuila">Coahuila</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colima_(city)" title="Colima (city)">Colima</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colima" title="Colima">Colima</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango_(city)" title="Durango (city)">Durango</a> (<a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_(city)" title="Guanajuato (city)">Guanajuato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilpancingo" title="Chilpancingo">Chilpancingo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachuca" title="Pachuca">Pachuca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(state)" title="Hidalgo (state)">Hidalgo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morelos" title="Morelos">Morelos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepic" title="Tepic">Tepic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nayarit" title="Nayarit">Nayarit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Querétaro City">Querétaro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro" title="Querétaro">Querétaro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetumal" title="Chetumal">Chetumal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_City" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Potosí City">San Luis Potosí</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culiac%C3%A1n" title="Culiacán">Culiacán</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sinaloa" title="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermosillo" title="Hermosillo">Hermosillo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villahermosa" title="Villahermosa">Villahermosa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tabasco" title="Tabasco">Tabasco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Victoria" title="Ciudad Victoria">Ciudad Victoria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tlaxcala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala">Tlaxcala</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xalapa" title="Xalapa">Xalapa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Yucatán">Yucatán</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Zacatecas (city)">Zacatecas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689987#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15146522330032390080">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135014519">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315941961">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwRX7cJP64VKjHF3pDpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tlaxcala de Xicoténcatl"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4472225-4">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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