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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_XI_de_Constantinoble" title="Joan XI de Constantinoble – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joan XI de Constantinoble" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_XI._Bekkos" title="Jan XI. Bekkos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jan XI. Bekkos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_XI._(Konstantinopel)" title="Johannes XI. (Konstantinopel) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes XI. (Konstantinopel)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%91%CE%84_%CE%92%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ιωάννης ΙΑ΄ Βέκκος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννης ΙΑ΄ Βέκκος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_XI_de_Constantinopla" title="Juan XI de Constantinopla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan XI de Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_XI_Vekkos" title="Jean XI Vekkos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean XI Vekkos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_XI_di_Costantinopoli" title="Giovanni XI di Costantinopoli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni XI di Costantinopoli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_XI_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="იოანე XI (კონსტანტინოპოლის პატრიარქი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოანე XI (კონსტანტინოპოლის პატრიარქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XI._J%C3%A1nos_konstantin%C3%A1polyi_p%C3%A1tri%C3%A1rka" title="XI. János konstantinápolyi pátriárka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XI. János konstantinápolyi pátriárka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_XI_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Јован XI Цариградски – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јован XI Цариградски" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_XI_Bekkos" title="Jan XI Bekkos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan XI Bekkos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_XI_de_Constantinopla" title="João XI de Constantinopla – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João XI de Constantinopla" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_XI_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA" title="Иоанн XI Векк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иоанн XI Векк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1n_XI._(kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADnopolsk%C3%BD_patriarcha)" title="Ján XI. (konštantínopolský patriarcha) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ján XI. (konštantínopolský patriarcha)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_XI._Carigrajski" title="Janez XI. Carigrajski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Janez XI. Carigrajski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovan_XI_Carigradski" title="Jovan XI Carigradski – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jovan XI Carigradski" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_XI_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Іван XI Веккос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іван XI Веккос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1275 to 1282</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn">John Bekkos</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecumenical_Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnbekkos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Johnbekkos.jpg/220px-Johnbekkos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Johnbekkos.jpg/330px-Johnbekkos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Johnbekkos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="564" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Earliest known depiction of John Bekkos. From <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Goar" title="Jacques Goar">Jacques Goar's</a> <a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a> (Paris, 1667).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Constantinople">Church of Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In office</th><td class="infobox-data">2 June 1275 – 26 December 1282</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I of Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I of Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1225<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Nicaea" title="Nicaea">Nicaea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Kingdom of Nicaea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1297 (aged <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 72)<br /><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John XI Bekkos</b> (also <b>Beccus</b>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Ἰωάννης Βέκκος; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1225 – March 1297) was <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a> from June 2, 1275, to December 26, 1282, and the chief Greek advocate, in Byzantine times, of the reunion of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> Churches. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_XI_of_Constantinople&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Bekkos was born in <a href="/wiki/Nicaea" title="Nicaea">Nicaea</a> among the exiles from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> during the period of <a href="/wiki/Latin_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin occupation">Latin occupation</a> of that city, and died in prison in the fortress of St. Gregory near the entrance to the Gulf of <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Our knowledge of Bekkos's life is derived from his own writings, from writings of Byzantine historians such as <a href="/wiki/George_Pachymeres" title="George Pachymeres">George Pachymeres</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_Gregoras" title="Nicephorus Gregoras">Nicephorus Gregoras</a>, from writings against him by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_II_Cyprius" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory II Cyprius">Gregory of Cyprus</a> and others, and from defences of him by supporters of ecclesiastical union like <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Meliteniotes" title="Constantine Meliteniotes">Constantine Meliteniotes</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Metochites" title="George Metochites">George Metochites</a>. Bekkos's history is closely bound up with the fortunes of the Union of the Churches declared at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a> (1274), a union promoted by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_X" title="Pope Gregory X">Pope Gregory X</a> in the West and Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaeologus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VIII Palaeologus">Michael VIII Palaeologus</a> in the East. The union policy of Michael VIII was largely politically motivated,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bekkos at first opposed it; but, after Michael VIII had had him imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Anemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower of Anemas">Tower of Anemas</a> for speaking out against it, Bekkos changed his mind (1273); a reading of such Greek church fathers as St. <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a>, St. <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a> and St. <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius</a> convinced Bekkos that theological differences between the Greek and Latin Churches had been exaggerated.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I Galesiotes</a> abdicated early in 1275 due to his opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Council of Lyon</a>, Bekkos was elected to replace him. His relationship with the emperor was sometimes stormy; although Michael VIII depended on Bekkos for maintaining his empire's peace with the West, he was annoyed by Bekkos's repeated intercessions on behalf of the poor. Michael was a crafty man, and knew how to make the Patriarch's life miserable by sundry small humiliations, until, in March, 1279, Bekkos quit in disgust, and had to be coaxed back to undertake the job again (August 6, 1279). The final years of Michael VIII's reign were entirely taken up with defending his empire against the threat posed by the Western king <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a>, and, in his anxiety to meet this threat, Michael enforced a "reign of terror" against opponents of union; but there is no convincing evidence that John Bekkos ever actively took part in or supported acts of violent persecution.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although earlier in his patriarchate Bekkos had promised not to reply to the pamphlets that were being circulated against the ecclesiastical union, by the latter years of Michael's reign he had changed his mind about this, and began "holding numerous synods, calling all and sundry, and dug up books and published many others,"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defending the union on theological grounds, arguing the compatibility of the Latin doctrine with Greek patristic tradition. The effect of this was further to alienate most of the Greek clergy against him; it was this publishing activity that later served as the explicit grounds for the charges that were laid against him.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ecclesial union engineered by Michael VIII was never popular in Byzantium, and, after his death (December 11, 1282), his son and successor, <a href="/wiki/Andronicus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Andronicus II">Andronicus II</a>, repudiated it. On the day after Christmas, 1282, John Bekkos withdrew to a monastery; the former patriarch, Joseph I, was brought into the city on a stretcher, and a series of councils and public meetings ensued, led by a group of anti-unionist monks. Bekkos, in fear of violent death at the hands of a mob, was induced to sign a formal renunciation of his unionist opinions and of his priesthood (January, 1283), a renunciation which he afterwards disowned as extorted under duress, but which was used against him.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this, Bekkos spent some years under house arrest at a large monastery in <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Prusa</a> in Asia Minor. From there, he began a literary campaign to exonerate himself, and succeeded in having a council called to reexamine his case; it took place at the imperial palace of <a href="/wiki/Blachernae" title="Blachernae">Blachernae</a> in Constantinople, meeting in several sessions from February to August in the year 1285. Although the Council of Blachernae reaffirmed Bekkos's earlier condemnation, in the council's aftermath Bekkos, by a series of writings, succeeded in bringing its dogmatic statement against him (the <i>Tomus</i> of 1285) into such disrepute that its principal author, the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Gregory_II_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Gregory II of Constantinople">Patriarch Gregory II</a>, resigned (1289). Bekkos saw this as vindicating his position. He spent the remaining years of his life in prison in the fortress of St. Gregory, revising his writings, maintaining friendly relations with the Emperor and prominent Byzantine churchmen, but unwilling to give up his unionist opinions; he died in 1297.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thought">Thought</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_XI_of_Constantinople&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Thought"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basis of John Bekkos's quarrel with his contemporaries was a disagreement with them over the implications of a traditional patristic formula, that states that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father <i>through the Son</i> (in Greek, διὰ τοῦ Υἱοῦ). Already in the ninth century, this expression was being pushed in two different directions: Latin writers saw it as implying the Augustinian doctrine that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father <i>and the Son</i> (<a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a>); Greek writers, especially from the time of Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios</a> onward, saw it as consistent with the view that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father <i>alone</i>. Bekkos originally agreed with the Photian view, but his reading of the Greek fathers, and of medieval Greek writers like <a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_Blemmydes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicephorus Blemmydes">Nicephorus Blemmydes</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicetas_of_Maroneia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicetas of Maroneia (page does not exist)">Nicetas of Maroneia</a>, caused him to change his mind. Much of John XI Bekkos's debate with Gregory II was a debate over the meaning of texts from St. Cyril and other fathers, whose wording (the Spirit "exists from the Son"; the Spirit "fountains forth eternally" from the Son, etc.) Bekkos saw as consistent with the Latin doctrine, while Gregory of Cyprus interpreted such texts as necessarily referring to an eternal <i>manifestation</i> of the Holy Spirit through or from the Son. This thirteenth-century debate has considerable relevance for current-day ecumenical discussions between the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_XI_of_Constantinople&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of Bekkos's writings are found in vol. 141 of J.-P. <a href="/wiki/Migne" class="mw-redirect" title="Migne">Migne</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologia Graeca</a></i>, although some still remain unedited. Migne reprints the seventeenth century editions of <a href="/wiki/Leo_Allatius" title="Leo Allatius">Leo Allatius</a>; a more reliable re-edition was produced by H. Laemmer in the nineteenth century (<i>Scriptorum Graeciae orthodoxae bibliotheca selecta</i>, Freiburg, 1864), but even this edition lacks references for Bekkos's many patristic citations. Only a few, short writings of Bekkos's have received modern, critical editions. One of them is his work <i>De pace ecclesiastica</i> ("On Ecclesiastical Peace"), found in V. Laurent and J. Darrouzès, <i>Dossier Grec de l'Union de Lyon, 1273–1277</i> (Paris, 1976); in it, Bekkos criticizes the foundations of the schism between the Churches on historical grounds alone, pointing out that the Patriarch Photios only chose to launch a campaign against the Latin doctrine after his claim to be rightful Patriarch of Constantinople was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a>. </p><p>Some of Bekkos's most important works are as follows: </p> <ul><li><i>On the Union and Peace of the Churches of Old and New Rome</i> (PG 141, 15–157): this work summarizes Bekkos's main patristic arguments and rebuts the arguments of four Byzantine critics of Latin Christian theology (Photios, John Phurnes, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Methone" title="Nicholas of Methone">Nicholas of Methone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theophylact_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophylact of Bulgaria">Theophylact of Bulgaria</a>).</li> <li><i>Epigraphs</i> (PG 141, 613–724): an anthology of patristic texts arranged under thirteen "chapter headings," presenting a connected argument for the compatibility of the Greek and Latin doctrines of the procession of the Holy Spirit; 160 years later, it was instrumental in convincing <a href="/wiki/Bessarion" title="Bessarion">Bessarion</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a>, that the Latin doctrine was orthodox.</li> <li><i>Orations I and II On his own Deposition</i> (PG 141, 949–1010): Bekkos's own account of events during the tumultuous synods of early 1283.</li> <li><i>De libris suis</i> ("On his own works") (PG 141, 1019–1028): a short work, but essential for the critical history of Bekkos's texts. In it, Bekkos discusses the principles which governed his revision of his own works in an edition he wrote out by hand while he was in prison.</li> <li><i>Refutation of the 'Tome' of George of Cyprus</i> (PG 141, 863–923) and <i>Four Books to Constantine Meliteniotes</i> (PG 141, 337–396): Bekkos's critique of his antagonist Gregory II.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_XI_of_Constantinople&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The site of Bekkos's place of captivity is mentioned by George Pachymeres, <i>De Andronico Palaeologo</i> I.35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pachymeres, who knew and respected Bekkos though he disagreed with him on matters of theology, provides the basic historical framework for most accounts of Bekkos's life, e.g., the studies by Joseph Gill. See also Manuel Sotomayor, "El Patriarca Becos, según Jorge Paquimeres (Semblanza histórica)," <i>Estudios Eclesiásticos</i> <b>31</b> (1957), 327–358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"He entered on the project of Church union unquestionably from political motives. He achieved it and maintained it for the same ends in spite of opposition. But it seems to me that in the course of his negotiations he became sincerely convinced that it was justified also from the theological point of view." J. Gill, <i>Byzantium and the Papacy, 1198–1400</i> (1979), p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Pachymeres, <i>De Michaele Palaeologo</i>, V.15; Gregoras, <i>Rhomaïke Historia</i>, V.2, §§6–7. Although it has been customary to view Bekkos's change of mind as a "conversion" from Orthodoxy to Catholicism, some recent scholars question this; see esp. Gerhard Richter, "Johannes Bekkos und sein Verhältnis zur römischen Kirche," <i>Byzantinische Forschungen</i> 15 (1990), 167–217, and A. Riebe, <i>Rom in Gemeinschaft mit Konstantinopel</i> (2005), <i>passim</i>. On the other hand, Vitalien Laurent notes, with regard to a letter written by Bekkos to Pope John XXI in 1277, that "Byzantine literature in fact knows no other text in which the rights of the Roman pontiff are as solemnly and as explicitly acknowledged" (Laurent, <i>Les regestes des actes du patriarcat de Constantinople,</i> vol. I, fasc. IV [Paris 1971], pp. 255 f.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On Michael's "reign of terror," see Gill, <i>Byzantium</i>, pp. 176 f. Riebe, <i>Rom in Gemeinschaft mit Konstantinopel</i>, p. 113, notes that neither Pachymeres nor Gregoras mention any participation by Bekkos in the emperor's campaign of violence, and that, furthermore, the general picture of Bekkos's character furnished by historians and by his own writings makes such participation unlikely. See also Ioannes Anastasiou, Ὁ θρυλούμενος διωγμὸς τῶν ἁγιορειτῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ Μιχαὴλ Η´ Παλαιολόγου καὶ τοῦ Ἰωάννου Βέκκου, in: Ἀθωνικὴ πολιτεία (Thessaloniki, 1963), pp. 207–257; Anastasiou critically examines the claim that Michael and Bekkos descended upon Mt. Athos with a Latin army to persecute the monks; he rejects most of it as pious legend.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pachymeres, <i>De Michaele Palaeologo,</i> VI.23 (Bekker ed., p. 481).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See J. Gill, "The Church union of the Council of Lyons (1274) portrayed in Greek documents," <i>Orientalia Christiana Periodica</i> <b>40</b> (1974), 5–45, esp. pp. 43 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The text was incorporated in Gregory of Cyprus's <i>Tomus,</i> translated by Papadakis, <i>Crisis in Byzantium</i> (1997), pp. 216 f. Cf. also Gill, <i>Byzantium</i>, p. 294: "Beccus later declared that he then bowed before the storm because there was no possibility of having a hearing for his defence, but with the firm intention, which he expressed at the time to Metochites, 'as soon as the storm had died down a little of coming into the open before those responsible and the instigators to defend the truth openly.'"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the date 1297, see especially V. Laurent, "Le date de la mort de Jean Beccos," <i>Échos d'Orient</i> <b>25</b> (1926), 316–319.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_XI_of_Constantinople&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alexopoulos, Theodoros. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/36771571/The_Filioquesupporters_of_the_13th_century_John_Beccos_and_Constantine_Melitiniotes_and_their_relation_to_Augustin_and_Thomas_Aquinas_in_StP_68_2013_381_-_395.pdf">The Filioque supporters of the 13th-century John Bekkos and Konstantin Melitiniotes and their relation to Augustin and Thomas Aquinas.</a>" <i>Studia Patristica</i> 68 (2013), 381–395.</li> <li>Drew, Mark. <i>"Meanings, Not Words": The Byzantine Apologia in Favour of the Filioque by Patriarch John XI Bekkos of Constantinople (c. 1225-1297)</i> (doctoral thesis, Paris 2014).</li> <li>Gilbert, Peter. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/51213732/john-bekkos-Filioque">Not an Anthologist: John Bekkos as a Reader of the Fathers.</a>" <i>Communio</i> 36 (2009), 259–294.</li> <li>Gill, Joseph. "John Beccus, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1275–1282." <i>Byzantina</i> 7 (1975), 251–266.</li> <li>Idem, <i>Byzantium and the Papacy, 1198–1400</i> (New Brunswick, N.J., 1979).</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_Hartmann1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barbara Hartmann (1992). "John XI of Constantinople". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbkl.de/j/Johannes_bek"><i>Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)</i></a></span> (in German). Vol. 3. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 281–284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88309-035-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-88309-035-2"><bdi>3-88309-035-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+XI+of+Constantinople&rft.btitle=Biographisch-Bibliographisches+Kirchenlexikon+%28BBKL%29&rft.place=Herzberg&rft.pages=cols.+281-284&rft.pub=Bautz&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3-88309-035-2&rft.au=Barbara+Hartmann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbkl.de%2Fj%2FJohannes_bek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+XI+of+Constantinople" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kotzabassi, Sofia. "The Testament of Patriarch John Bekkos." <i>Βυζαντινά</i> 32 (2012), 25–36.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadakis1997" class="citation book cs1">Papadakis, Aristeides (1997) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TUBllg0JpgUC"><i>Crisis in Byzantium: The Filioque Controversy in the Patriarchate of Gregory II of Cyprus (1283-1289)</i></a> (Rev. ed.). Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881411768" title="Special:BookSources/9780881411768"><bdi>9780881411768</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crisis+in+Byzantium%3A+The+Filioque+Controversy+in+the+Patriarchate+of+Gregory+II+of+Cyprus+%281283-1289%29&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.edition=Rev.&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780881411768&rft.aulast=Papadakis&rft.aufirst=Aristeides&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTUBllg0JpgUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+XI+of+Constantinople" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Riebe, Alexandra. <i>Rom in Gemeinschaft mit Konstantinopel: Patriarch Johannes XI. Bekkos als Verteidiger der Kirchenunion von Lyon (1274)</i> (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_XI_of_Constantinople&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02380b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia Article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bekkos.wordpress.com/bekkos-notes-on-his-own-writings/">John Bekkos: <i>Notes on his own writings</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/patrologiaecurs45hopfgoog/page/n9">J.-P. Migne, <i>Patrologia Graeca</i> vol. 141 (contains most of Bekkos's writings)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/rebyz_1146-9447_1926_num_25_143_4575">V. Laurent, "La date de la mort de Jean Beccos," <i>Échos d'Orient</i> 25 (1926), 316-319.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotzabassi2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kotzabassi, Sofia (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2000237">"The Testament of Patriarch John Bekkos"</a>. <i>Βυζαντινά</i>. <b>32</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC&rft.atitle=The+Testament+of+Patriarch+John+Bekkos&rft.volume=32&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Kotzabassi&rft.aufirst=Sofia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2000237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+XI+of+Constantinople" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I Galesiotes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Constantinople_patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Constantinople patriarchs">Patriarch of Constantinople</a> </b><br />2 June 1275 – 26 December 1282 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I Galesiotes</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> period, 38–330 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachys_the_Apostle" title="Stachys the Apostle">Stachys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarpus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Polycarpus I of Byzantium">Polycarpus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch_of_Byzantium" title="Plutarch of Byzantium">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedecion_of_Byzantium" title="Sedecion of Byzantium">Sedecion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_of_Byzantium" title="Diogenes of Byzantium">Diogenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleutherius_of_Byzantium" title="Eleutherius of Byzantium">Eleutherius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_of_Byzantium" title="Felix of Byzantium">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarpus_II_of_Byzantium" title="Polycarpus II of Byzantium">Polycarpus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenodorus_of_Byzantium" title="Athenodorus of Byzantium">Athenodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzois_of_Byzantium" title="Euzois of Byzantium">Euzois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_of_Byzantium" title="Laurence of Byzantium">Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alypius_of_Byzantium" title="Alypius of Byzantium">Alypius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax_of_Byzantium" title="Pertinax of Byzantium">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympianus_of_Byzantium" title="Olympianus of Byzantium">Olympianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Marcus I of Byzantium">Marcus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphus_of_Byzantium" title="Philadelphus of Byzantium">Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyriacus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Cyriacus I of Byzantium">Cyriacus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castinus_of_Byzantium" title="Castinus of Byzantium">Castinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_I_of_Byzantium" title="Eugenius I of Byzantium">Eugenius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_of_Byzantium" title="Titus of Byzantium">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dometius_of_Byzantium" title="Dometius of Byzantium">Dometius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_of_Byzantium" title="Rufinus of Byzantium">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_of_Byzantium" title="Probus of Byzantium">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Metrophanes of Byzantium">Metrophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Constantinople" title="Alexander of Constantinople">Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Archbishops of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a><br />(Roman period, 330–451 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Constantinople" title="Alexander of Constantinople">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Nicomedia" title="Eusebius of Nicomedia">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius I of Constantinople">Macedonius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxius_of_Antioch" title="Eudoxius of Antioch">Eudoxius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_of_Constantinople" title="Evagrius of Constantinople">Evagrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demophilus_of_Constantinople" title="Demophilus of Constantinople">Demophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus I of Constantinople">Maximus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectarius_of_Constantinople" title="Nectarius of Constantinople">Nectarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John I Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsacius_of_Tarsus" title="Arsacius of Tarsus">Arsacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atticus_of_Constantinople" title="Atticus of Constantinople">Atticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisinnius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sisinnius I of Constantinople">Sisinnius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximianus_of_Constantinople" title="Maximianus of Constantinople">Maximianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclus_of_Constantinople" title="Proclus of Constantinople">Proclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_of_Constantinople" title="Flavian of Constantinople">Flavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Constantinople" title="Anatolius of Constantinople">Anatolius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br />(<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period, 451–1453 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Constantinople" title="Anatolius of Constantinople">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadius_of_Constantinople" title="Gennadius of Constantinople">Gennadius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacius_of_Constantinople" title="Acacius of Constantinople">Acacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fravitta_of_Constantinople" title="Fravitta of Constantinople">Fravitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemius_of_Constantinople" title="Euphemius of Constantinople">Euphemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius II of Constantinople">Macedonius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_I_of_Constantinople" title="Timothy I of Constantinople">Timothy I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Cappadocia" title="John of Cappadocia">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Constantinople" title="Epiphanius of Constantinople">Epiphanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus I of Constantinople">Anthimus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menas_of_Constantinople" title="Menas of Constantinople">Menas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychius_of_Constantinople" title="Eutychius of Constantinople">Eutychius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scholasticus" title="John Scholasticus">John III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Constantinople" title="John IV of Constantinople">John IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyriacus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cyriacus II of Constantinople">Cyriacus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Thomas I of Constantinople">Thomas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius I of Constantinople">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Constantinople" title="Pyrrhus of Constantinople">Pyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paul II of Constantinople">Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Constantinople" title="Peter of Constantinople">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Thomas II of Constantinople">Thomas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Constantinople" title="John V of Constantinople">John V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine I of Constantinople">Constantine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodore I of Constantinople">Theodore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Constantinople" title="George I of Constantinople">George I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_III_of_Constantinople" title="Paul III of Constantinople">Paul III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus I of Constantinople">Callinicus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyros_of_Constantinople" title="Kyros of Constantinople">Cyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Constantinople" title="John VI of Constantinople">John VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus I of Constantinople">Germanus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_of_Constantinople" title="Anastasius of Constantinople">Anastasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine II of Constantinople">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicetas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas I of Constantinople">Nicetas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Paul IV of Constantinople">Paul IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarasios_of_Constantinople" title="Tarasios of Constantinople">Tarasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nicephorus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodotus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodotus I of Constantinople">Theodotus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_I_of_Constantinople" title="Antony I of Constantinople">Antony I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VII_of_Constantinople" title="John VII of Constantinople">John VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Methodios I of Constantinople">Methodius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatios_of_Constantinople" title="Ignatios of Constantinople">Ignatios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Constantinople" title="Stephen I of Constantinople">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_II_of_Constantinople" title="Antony II of Constantinople">Antony II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mystikos" title="Nicholas Mystikos">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Euthymius I of Constantinople">Εuthymius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Constantinople" title="Stephen II of Constantinople">Stephen II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryphon_of_Constantinople" title="Tryphon of Constantinople">Tryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_of_Constantinople" title="Theophylact of Constantinople">Theophylact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyeuctus_of_Constantinople" title="Polyeuctus of Constantinople">Polyeuctus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I_of_Constantinople" title="Basil I of Constantinople">Βasil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_III_of_Constantinople" title="Antony III of Constantinople">Αntony III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas II of Constantinople">Nicholas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisinnius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sisinnius II of Constantinople">Sisinnius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius II of Constantinople">Sergius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Constantinople" title="Eustathius of Constantinople">Eustathius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexius_of_Constantinople" title="Alexius of Constantinople">Alexius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Cerularius" title="Michael I Cerularius">Michael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Leichoudes" title="Constantine Leichoudes">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_of_Constantinople" title="John VIII of Constantinople">John VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas I of Constantinople">Cosmas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustratius_Garidas" title="Eustratius Garidas">Eustratius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_III_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas III of Constantinople">Nicholas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IX_of_Constantinople" title="John IX of Constantinople">John IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_of_Constantinople" title="Leo of Constantinople">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II_of_Constantinople" title="Michael II of Constantinople">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas II of Constantinople">Cosmas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas IV of Constantinople">Nicholas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodotus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodotus II of Constantinople">Theodotus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus I of Constantinople">Neophytus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine IV of Constantinople">Constantine IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Chrysoberges" title="Luke Chrysoberges">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_III_of_Constantinople" title="Michael III of Constantinople">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_of_Constantinople" title="Chariton of Constantinople">Chariton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodosius I of Constantinople">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II_of_Constantinople" title="Basil II of Constantinople">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicetas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas II of Constantinople">Nicetas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontius_of_Constantinople" title="Leontius of Constantinople">Leontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dositheus_of_Constantinople" title="Dositheus of Constantinople">Dositheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Constantinople" title="George II of Constantinople">George II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_X_of_Constantinople" title="John X of Constantinople">John X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Michael IV of Constantinople">Michael IV</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodore II of Constantinople">Theodore II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus II of Constantinople">Maximus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Constantinople" title="Manuel I of Constantinople">Μanuel I</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus II of Constantinople">Germanus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Methodius II of Constantinople">Methodius II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Constantinople" title="Manuel II of Constantinople">Manuel II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenios_Autoreianos" title="Arsenios Autoreianos">Arsenius</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicephorus II of Constantinople">Nicephorus II</a><sup><small>†</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus III of Constantinople">Germanus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory II of Constantinople">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius I of Constantinople">Athanasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XII_of_Constantinople" title="John XII of Constantinople">John XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephon_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nephon I of Constantinople">Nephon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XIII_of_Constantinople" title="John XIII of Constantinople">John XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus I of Constantinople">Gerasimus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_of_Constantinople" title="Isaias of Constantinople">Isaias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XIV_of_Constantinople" title="John XIV of Constantinople">John XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_I_of_Constantinople" title="Isidore I of Constantinople">Isidore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callistus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Callistus I of Constantinople">Callistus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotheus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Philotheus I of Constantinople">Philotheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Constantinople" title="Macarius of Constantinople">Macarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_of_Constantinople" title="Nilus of Constantinople">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Antony IV of Constantinople">Antony IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callistus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Callistus II of Constantinople">Callistus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_I_of_Constantinople" title="Matthew I of Constantinople">Matthew I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Euthymius II of Constantinople">Euthymius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph II of Constantinople">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_II_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes II of Constantinople">Metrophanes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory III of Constantinople">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius II of Constantinople">Athanasius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br />(<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period, 1453–1923 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gennadius_Scholarius" title="Gennadius Scholarius">Gennadius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_II_of_Constantinople" title="Isidore II of Constantinople">Isidore II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joasaph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joasaph I of Constantinople">Joasaph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius I of Constantinople">Sophronius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_II_of_Constantinople" title="Mark II of Constantinople">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_I_of_Constantinople" title="Symeon I of Constantinople">Symeon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius I of Constantinople">Dionysius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_I_of_Constantinople" title="Raphael I of Constantinople">Raphael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus III of Constantinople">Maximus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephon_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nephon II of Constantinople">Nephon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus IV of Constantinople">Maximus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim I of Constantinople">Joachim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Pachomius I of Constantinople">Pachomius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoleptus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theoleptus I of Constantinople">Theoleptus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_I_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias I of Constantinople">Jeremias I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius I of Constantinople">Joannicius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius II of Constantinople">Dionysius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joasaph_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joasaph II of Constantinople">Joasaph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_III_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes III of Constantinople">Metrophanes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Pachomius II of Constantinople">Pachomius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoleptus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theoleptus II of Constantinople">Theoleptus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_II_of_Constantinople" title="Matthew II of Constantinople">Matthew II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_I_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel I of Constantinople">Gabriel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theophanes I of Constantinople">Theophanes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_I_Pegas" title="Meletius I Pegas">Meletius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus II of Constantinople">Neophytus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_II_of_Constantinople" title="Raphael II of Constantinople">Raphael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Lucaris" title="Cyril Lucaris">Cyril I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_II_of_Constantinople" title="Timothy II of Constantinople">Timothy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory IV of Constantinople">Gregory IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus II of Constantinople">Anthimus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril II of Constantinople">Cyril II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius III of Constantinople">Athanasius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus III of Constantinople">Neophytus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius I of Constantinople">Parthenius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius II of Constantinople">Parthenius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius II of Constantinople">Joannicius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_III_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril III of Constantinople">Cyril III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paisius I of Constantinople">Paisius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius III of Constantinople">Parthenius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel II of Constantinople">Gabriel II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius IV of Constantinople">Parthenius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius III of Constantinople">Dionysius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Constantinople" title="Clement of Constantinople">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Methodius III of Constantinople">Methodius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius IV of Constantinople">Dionysius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus II of Constantinople">Gerasimus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius IV of Constantinople">Athanasius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_of_Constantinople" title="James of Constantinople">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus II of Constantinople">Callinicus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus IV of Constantinople">Neophytus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel III of Constantinople">Gabriel III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus V of Constantinople">Neophytus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprianus_of_Constantinople" title="Cyprianus of Constantinople">Cyprianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_V_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius V of Constantinople">Athanasius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril IV of Constantinople">Cyril IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_III_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas III of Constantinople">Cosmas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_III_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias III of Constantinople">Jeremias III</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Callinicus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus III of Constantinople">Callinicus III</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paisius II of Constantinople">Paisius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphim_I_of_Constantinople" title="Seraphim I of Constantinople">Seraphim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VI of Constantinople">Neophytus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_V_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril V of Constantinople">Cyril V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus IV of Constantinople">Callinicus IV (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphim_II_of_Constantinople" title="Seraphim II of Constantinople">Seraphim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius III of Constantinople">Joannicius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Constantinople" title="Samuel of Constantinople">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Meletius II of Constantinople">Meletius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodosius II of Constantinople">Theodosius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius II of Constantinople">Sophronius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel IV of Constantinople">Gabriel IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Constantinople" title="Procopius of Constantinople">Procopius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VII of Constantinople">Neophytus VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus III of Constantinople">Gerasimus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus V of Constantinople">Callinicus V (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias IV of Constantinople">Jeremias IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril VI of Constantinople">Cyril VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Eugenius II of Constantinople">Eugenius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus III of Constantinople">Anthimus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthus_of_Constantinople" title="Chrysanthus of Constantinople">Chrysanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathangelus_of_Constantinople" title="Agathangelus of Constantinople">Agathangelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Constantius I of Constantinople">Constantius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantius II of Constantinople">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory VI of Constantinople">Gregory VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus IV of Constantinople">Anthimus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus V of Constantinople">Anthimus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus IV of Constantinople">Germanus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Meletius III of Constantinople">Meletius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VI of Constantinople">Anthimus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril VII of Constantinople">Cyril VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim II of Constantinople">Joachim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_III_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophronius III of Constantinople">Sophronius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_III_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim III of Constantinople">Joachim III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim IV of Constantinople">Joachim IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_V_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius V of Constantinople">Dionysius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VIII_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VIII of Constantinople">Neophytus VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VII of Constantinople">Anthimus VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine V of Constantinople">Constantine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus V of Constantinople">Germanus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_Metaxakis" title="Meletius Metaxakis">Meletius IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople<br />(<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> period, since 1923 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory VII of Constantinople">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine VI of Constantinople">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_III_of_Constantinople" title="Basil III of Constantinople">Basil III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Photius II of Constantinople">Photius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_I_of_Constantinople" title="Benjamin I of Constantinople">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus V of Constantinople">Maximus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenagoras_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athenagoras I of Constantinople">Athenagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Demetrios I of Constantinople">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>†</small></sup> in exile at <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622606#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622606#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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