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Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structura_atomică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structura_atomică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structura atomică</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structura_atomică-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structura atomică subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structura_atomică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Izotopi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Proprietăți</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proprietăți-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Proprietăți subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fizice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fizice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fizice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fizice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Chimice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Răspândire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Răspândire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Răspândire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Răspândire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Preparare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compușii_anorganici_ai_bromului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compușii_anorganici_ai_bromului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Compușii anorganici ai bromului</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compușii_anorganici_ai_bromului-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Compușii anorganici ai bromului subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Compușii_anorganici_ai_bromului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bromurile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bromurile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bromurile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bromurile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compuși_interhalogenici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compuși_interhalogenici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Compuși interhalogenici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compuși_interhalogenici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combinațiile_oxigenate_ale_bromului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combinațiile_oxigenate_ale_bromului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Combinațiile oxigenate ale bromului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combinațiile_oxigenate_ale_bromului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acidul_bromhidric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acidul_bromhidric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Acidul bromhidric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acidul_bromhidric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anhidrida_hipobromoasă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anhidrida_hipobromoasă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Anhidrida hipobromoasă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anhidrida_hipobromoasă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acidul_hipobromos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acidul_hipobromos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Acidul hipobromos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acidul_hipobromos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proprietățile_acidului_hipobromos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietățile_acidului_hipobromos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6.1</span> <span>Proprietățile acidului hipobromos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietățile_acidului_hipobromos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acidul_bromic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acidul_bromic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Acidul bromic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acidul_bromic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bromații" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bromații"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Bromații</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bromații-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proprietățile_bromaților" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietățile_bromaților"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8.1</span> <span>Proprietățile bromaților</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietățile_bromaților-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alte_caracteristici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alte_caracteristici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Alte caracteristici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alte_caracteristici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compușii_organici_ai_bromului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compușii_organici_ai_bromului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Compușii organici ai bromului</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compușii_organici_ai_bromului-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Compușii organici ai bromului subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Compușii_organici_ai_bromului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proprietățile_compușilor_organo-bromici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietățile_compușilor_organo-bromici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Proprietățile compușilor organo-bromici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietățile_compușilor_organo-bromici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aspecte de sănătate și securitate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aspecte de sănătate și securitate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pericol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pericol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Pericol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pericol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efecte_cauzate_de_ingerare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efecte_cauzate_de_ingerare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Efecte cauzate de ingerare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efecte_cauzate_de_ingerare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manifestări" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manifestări"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Manifestări</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manifestări-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Păstrare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Păstrare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Păstrare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Păstrare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pericol_pentru_natură" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pericol_pentru_natură"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pericol pentru natură</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pericol_pentru_natură-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pericol pentru natură subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pericol_pentru_natură-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Degradarea_stratului_de_ozon_deasupra_Antarcticii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Degradarea_stratului_de_ozon_deasupra_Antarcticii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Degradarea stratului de ozon deasupra Antarcticii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Degradarea_stratului_de_ozon_deasupra_Antarcticii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidente_toxicologice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidente_toxicologice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Incidente toxicologice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidente_toxicologice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizări" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizări"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Utilizări</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utilizări-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Utilizări subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utilizări-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utilizări_medicale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizări_medicale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Utilizări medicale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizări_medicale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesticide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesticide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Pesticide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesticide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piscine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piscine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Piscine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piscine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizări_în_chimie_(reacții)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizări_în_chimie_(reacții)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Utilizări în chimie (reacții)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utilizări_în_chimie_(reacții)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Utilizări în chimie (reacții) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utilizări_în_chimie_(reacții)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Microanaliză" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microanaliză"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Microanaliză</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microanaliză-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reacțiile_bromului_elementar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reacțiile_bromului_elementar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>Reacțiile bromului elementar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reacțiile_bromului_elementar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reacțiile_acidului_hipobromos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reacțiile_acidului_hipobromos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>Reacțiile acidului hipobromos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reacțiile_acidului_hipobromos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acidul_bromhidric_și_bromurile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acidul_bromhidric_și_bromurile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.3</span> <span>Acidul bromhidric și bromurile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acidul_bromhidric_și_bromurile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reacțiile_acidului_bromic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reacțiile_acidului_bromic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.4</span> <span>Reacțiile acidului bromic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reacțiile_acidului_bromic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 148 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">148 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broom" title="Broom – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Broom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AE%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%95" title="ብሮሚን – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ብሮሚን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="بروم – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="بروم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بروم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="بروم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بروم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromu" title="Bromu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bromu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रोमिन – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ब्रोमिन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromina" title="Bromina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bromina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रोमीन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ब्रोमीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ব্রোমিন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রোমিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="རྦོར་མིན། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྦོར་མིན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9u_(ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3)" title="Chéu (nguòng-só) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chéu (nguòng-só)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%85" title="برۆم – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="برۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromu" title="Bromu – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bromu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bromin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βρώμιο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρώμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bromine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broom" title="Broom – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Broom" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85" title="برم – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromi" title="Bromi – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bromi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brome" title="Brome – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brome" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broom" title="Broom – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Broom" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3im%C3%ADn" title="Bróimín – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bróimín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="溴" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B2main" title="Bròmain – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bròmain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8" title="બ્રોમિન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બ્રોમિન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeen" title="Bromeen – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Bromeen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhiu" title="Chhiu – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhiu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ברום – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रोमीन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रोमीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bromine" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bw%C3%B2m" title="Bwòm – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bwòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bróm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Բրոմ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bromin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bróm" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="臭素 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="臭素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xunkliru" title="xunkliru – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xunkliru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ბრომი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purom" title="Purom – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Purom" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬ್ರೋಮಿನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ರೋಮಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%AF%BC" title="브로민 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브로민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bromin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromium" title="Bromium – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bromium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bbolomayini_(Bromine)" title="Bbolomayini (Bromine) – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Bbolomayini (Bromine)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broeam" title="Broeam – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Broeam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brommo" title="Brommo – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Brommo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ໂບຣມິນ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂບຣມິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromas" title="Bromas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bromas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broms" title="Broms – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Broms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B4ma" title="Brôma – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Brôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABkane" title="Pūkane – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pūkane" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ബ്രോമിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രോമിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रोमीन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रोमीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bromin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဘရိုမင်း – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘရိုမင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रोमिन – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ब्रोमिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broom_(element)" title="Broom (element) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Broom (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B2me" title="Bròme – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bròme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ବ୍ରୋମିନ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବ୍ରୋମିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬ੍ਰੋਮੀਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰੋਮੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रोमिन – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ब्रोमिन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B2m" title="Bròm – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bròm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="برومائن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برومائن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="برومين – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برومين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purumu" title="Purumu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Purumu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromu" title="Bromu – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bromu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रोमिन – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ब्रोमिन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromu" title="Bromu – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bromu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromu" title="Bromu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bromu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="බ්‍රෝමීන් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බ්‍රෝමීන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bromine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bróm" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boromiin" title="Boromiin – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boromiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromi" title="Bromi – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bromi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromium" title="Bromium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bromium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bromin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromi" title="Bromi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bromi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="புரோமின் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புரோமின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బ్రోమిన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బ్రోమిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="โบรมีน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบรมีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromina" title="Bromina – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bromina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="بروم – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بروم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="برومین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برومین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brom" title="Brom – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brom" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bromo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="溴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Бром – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Бром" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="בראם – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B3m%C3%ACn%C3%AC" title="Brómìnì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Brómìnì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="溴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="溴" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%A0u-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Chhàu-sò͘ – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhàu-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="溴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmBhulufu" title="UmBhulufu – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmBhulufu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q879#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Brom" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div 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href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Brom" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Brom" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&oldid=16668935" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Brom&id=16668935&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrom"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrom"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Brom"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Brom&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bromine" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q879" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Calitatea informațiilor sau a exprimării din acest articol sau secțiune trebuie îmbunătățită.</b><br /> Consultați <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_de_stil" title="Wikipedia:Manual de stil">manualul de stil</a> și <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cur%C4%83%C8%9Benie" title="Wikipedia:Curățenie">îndrumarul</a>, apoi <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit">dați o mână de ajutor</a>.<br />Acest articol a fost etichetat în <b>noiembrie 2018</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infocaseta" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#ffff99">Brom </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bromine_vial_in_acrylic_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bromine_vial_in_acrylic_cube.jpg/200px-Bromine_vial_in_acrylic_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bromine_vial_in_acrylic_cube.jpg/300px-Bromine_vial_in_acrylic_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bromine_vial_in_acrylic_cube.jpg/400px-Bromine_vial_in_acrylic_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3421" data-file-height="3387" /></a></span><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="background:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">Seleniu</a> ← <b>Brom</b> → <a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">Cl</a> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="3"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;">  </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><br />35</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>Br</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandiu" title="Scandiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Crom" title="Crom"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Galiu" title="Galiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float: left; width: 5px; height: 7px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;border:1px solid black"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Stron%C8%9Biu" 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font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgiu" title="Seaborgiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohriu" title="Bohriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassiu" title="Hassiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitneriu" title="Meitneriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtiu" title="Darmstadtiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeniu" title="Roentgeniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Coperniciu" title="Coperniciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Ununtriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Fleroviu" title="Fleroviu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>Br</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul complet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor_(extins)" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor (extins)">Tabelul extins</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffff99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informații generale </th></tr> <tr> <td width="60%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_elementelor_chimice_dup%C4%83_nume" title="Lista elementelor chimice după nume">Nume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_atomic" title="Număr atomic">Număr</a> </td> <td width="40%">Brom, Br, 35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serie_chimic%C4%83" title="Serie chimică">Serie chimică</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogene</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupele tabelului periodic">Grupă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perioadele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioadele tabelului periodic">Perioadă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blocurile_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocurile tabelului periodic">Bloc</a> </td> <td>17, 4, p </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">Densitate</a> </td> <td>3140 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram_pe_metru_cub" title="Kilogram pe metru cub">kg/m³</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">Culoare</a> </td> <td>roșie-brună </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Număr CAS">Număr CAS</a> </td> <td>7726-95-6 </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Num%C4%83r_EINECS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Număr EINECS — pagină inexistentă">Număr EINECS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffff99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Proprietăți atomice </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Masă atomică">Masă atomică</a> </td> <td>79,909 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_atomic%C4%83_de_mas%C4%83" title="Unitate atomică de masă">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Rază atomică">Rază atomică</a> </td> <td>115 <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_de_covalen%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rază de covalență">Rază de covalență</a> </td> <td>114 <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raz%C4%83_van_der_Waals" title="Rază van der Waals">Rază van der Waals</a> </td> <td>185 <a href="/wiki/Picometru" title="Picometru">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Configura%C8%9Bie_electronic%C4%83" title="Configurație electronică">Configurație electronică</a> </td> <td>[Ar] 3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electroni</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Nivel_de_energie" title="Nivel de energie">nivelul de energie</a> </td> <td>2, 8, 18, 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_de_oxidare" title="Număr de oxidare">Număr de oxidare</a> </td> <td>0, ±1, +3, +5, +7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">Oxid</a> </td> <td>acid tare </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Structur%C4%83_cristalin%C4%83" title="Structură cristalină">Structură cristalină</a> </td> <td>fără (lichid) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffff99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Proprietăți fizice </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stare_de_agregare" title="Stare de agregare">Fază ordinară</a> </td> <td>lichid </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_topire" title="Punct de topire">Punct de topire</a> </td> <td>-7,25°C ; 265,9 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punct_de_fierbere" title="Punct de fierbere">Punct de fierbere</a> </td> <td>58,8°C ; 331,95 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_de_fuziune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie de fuziune — pagină inexistentă">Energie de fuziune</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energie_de_evaporare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energie de evaporare — pagină inexistentă">Energie de evaporare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatur%C4%83_critic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temperatură critică — pagină inexistentă">Temperatură critică</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presiune_critic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presiune critică — pagină inexistentă">Presiune critică</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (unitate)">Pa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volum_molar" title="Volum molar">Volum molar</a> </td> <td>17,39×10<sup>-3</sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metru_cub_pe_kmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metru cub pe kmol — pagină inexistentă">m³/kmol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Presiune_de_vapori" title="Presiune de vapori">Presiune de vapori</a> </td> <td>> ca. 5800 Pa la 280,1 K </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Viteza_sunetului" title="Viteza sunetului">Viteza sunetului</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metru_pe_secund%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metru pe secundă — pagină inexistentă">m/s</a> la 20 <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>Forță <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnetică</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffff99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informații diverse </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electronegativitate" title="Electronegativitate">Electronegativitate</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Scara_lui_Pauling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scara lui Pauling — pagină inexistentă">Pauling</a>)</small> </td> <td>2,96 (Scala-Pauling) </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Capacitate_termic%C4%83_masic%C4%83" title="Capacitate termică masică">Capacitate termică masică</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joule_pe_kilogram-kelvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joule pe kilogram-kelvin — pagină inexistentă">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conductivitate_electric%C4%83" title="Conductivitate electrică">Conductivitate electrică</a> </td> <td>0 <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens (unitate)">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Conductivitate_termic%C4%83" title="Conductivitate termică">Conductivitate termică</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watt_pe_metru-kelvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watt pe metru-kelvin — pagină inexistentă">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure1139,9"> <td>Prima <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>1139,9 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure2103"> <td>A 2-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>2103 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure3470"> <td>A 3-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>3470 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure4560"> <td>A 4-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>4560 <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 5-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_5}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 6-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_6}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 7-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_7}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 8-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_8}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 9-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_9}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td>A 10-a <a href="/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare">energie de ionizare</a> </td> <td>{{{potențial_de_ionizare_10}}} <a href="/wiki/Joule_pe_mol" title="Joule pe mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffff99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px; margin-top:none; margin-left:none; margin-right:none;">Cei mai stabili izotopi </th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"> <table width="100%" rules="all" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Simbol</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Abunden%C8%9B%C4%83_natural%C4%83" title="Abundență naturală">AN</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_de_%C3%AEnjum%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bire" title="Perioadă de înjumătățire">T<small>1/2</small></a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Mod_de_dezintegrare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod de dezintegrare">MD</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energie_de_dezintegrare" title="Energie de dezintegrare">Ed</a></td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Produsul_dezintegr%C4%83rii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Produsul dezintegrării — pagină inexistentă">PD</a></td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4">stabil cu 18 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a></td> </tr><tr><td><sup>36</sup>Br</td><td>urme<br /><a href="/wiki/Radioizotop" title="Radioizotop">sintetic</a></td><td>301.000 ani</td><td>β- <hr /> ε / β+</td><td>0,709 <hr /> 1,142</td><td><sup>36</sup><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> <hr /> <sup>36</sup><a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">S</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>37</sup>Br</td><td>24,23 %</td><td colspan="4">stabil cu 20 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffff99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Precauții </th></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 2px #ffff99 solid; font-size: 80%;"><i>Unitățile <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_interna%C8%9Bional_de_unit%C4%83%C8%9Bi" title="Sistemul internațional de unități">SI</a> și condiții de temperatură și presiune normale dacă nu s-a specificat altfel.</i> </td></tr> <tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFFFFF solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Element_chimic" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bromul</b> este un <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">element chimic</a> notat cu <a href="/wiki/Simbol_chimic" title="Simbol chimic">simbolul chimic</a> <b>Br</b>. <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_atomic" title="Număr atomic">Numărul său atomic</a> este 35 iar <a href="/wiki/Masa_atomic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Masa atomică">masa atomică</a> este de 79,909 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_atomic%C4%83_de_mas%C4%83" title="Unitate atomică de masă">u.a.m.</a>. Bromul face parte din grupa <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogenilor</a> (grupa a VII-a principală), împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluorul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iodul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">astatinul</a>, posedând un caracter <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal">nemetalic</a>. În stare nativă este un element foarte reactiv, reacționând direct cu majoritatea <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalelor</a> și cu multe <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal">nemetale</a>, dând săruri numite <i>bromuri</i>. De aceea, nu este prezent deloc în stare liberă în <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer%C4%83" title="Atmosferă">atmosferă</a>. </p><p>Bromul este singurul <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal">nemetal</a> care la <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">temperatura</a> și <a href="/wiki/Presiune" title="Presiune">presiunea</a> obișnuită (la condițiile camerei) se află în stare <a href="/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid">lichidă</a>. Are un miros puternic, neplăcut, de unde provine și numele său (din <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83" title="Limba greacă">greacă</a> <span lang="grk" style="font-style:italic">βρῶμος</span> <i>bromos</i> înseamnă <i>miros urât</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Gemoll_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gemoll-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bromul formează compuși importanți, printre care bromurile (menționate mai sus, exemple: <a href="/wiki/Bromur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Bromură de potasiu">bromură de potasiu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Bromur%C4%83_de_sodiu" title="Bromură de sodiu">bromură de sodiu</a>) și <a href="/wiki/Acid_bromhidric" title="Acid bromhidric">acidul bromhidric</a>. Unele utilizări importante ale bromului sunt în industria <a href="/wiki/Farmacie" title="Farmacie">farmaceutică</a>, fotografică (în acest caz se folosește <a href="/wiki/Sarea" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sarea">sarea</a> de <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argint</a> numită <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromur%C4%83_de_argint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromură de argint — pagină inexistentă">bromură de argint</a>), în <a href="/wiki/Pesticid" title="Pesticid">pesticide</a>, în tratamentele cu băi termale, etc. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Murex_sp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Murex_sp.jpg/250px-Murex_sp.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Murex_sp.jpg/375px-Murex_sp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Murex_sp.jpg/500px-Murex_sp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Murex brandaris</figcaption></figure> <p>În antichitate, fără să cunoască originea și compoziția anumitor substanțe, <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">omul</a> a utilizat sărurile de brom încă din timpuri străvechi, mai ales sub forma unor <a href="/wiki/Vopsea" title="Vopsea">vopseluri</a> și <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigmenți</a> extrași din melcul marin <i><a href="/wiki/Purpur%C4%83" title="Purpură">Murex brandaris</a></i>. Numele dat de către <a href="/wiki/Greci" title="Greci">greci</a> acestui pigment a fost <i>pophura</i><sup id="cite_ref-Bromine,_By_Greg_Roza,_pagina_6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromine,_By_Greg_Roza,_pagina_6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, denumire ce face referire directă la <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoarea</a> sa, <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">purpurie</a>. Istoricii cred că acest pigment a fost folosit prima oară de către <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C8%9Bia_cretan%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilizația cretană">civilizația minoică</a> în <a href="/wiki/Creta" title="Creta">Creta</a>, aproximativ în anul 1500 <a href="/wiki/%C3%8E.e.n." class="mw-redirect" title="Î.e.n.">î.Hr.</a>, afirmând, totodată, că purpura este unul dintre cei mai vechi pigmenți.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromine,_By_Greg_Roza,_pagina_6_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromine,_By_Greg_Roza,_pagina_6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mai târziu, a fost denumită <i>purpura tyriană</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odată cu decăderea <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Roman" title="Imperiul Roman">Imperiului Roman</a>, folosirea pigmentului a fost treptat abandonat, fiind înlocuit de alte vopsele și pigmenți mai ușor de fabricat și mai ieftini.<sup id="cite_ref-brgregroza_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brgregroza-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Antoine-Jerome_Balard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Antoine-Jerome_Balard.jpg/200px-Antoine-Jerome_Balard.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Antoine-Jerome_Balard.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Antoine-Jérôme Balard</figcaption></figure> <p>Descoperirea bromului este legată de numele a doi chimiști, independent unul de celălalt, germanul <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jacob_L%C3%B6wig" title="Carl Jacob Löwig">Carl Jacob Löwig</a><sup id="cite_ref-L1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Löwig_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Löwig-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în anul <a href="/wiki/1825" title="1825">1825</a> și francezul <a href="/wiki/Antoine_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Balard" title="Antoine Jérôme Balard">Antoine Jérôme Balard</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bal1826_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bal1826-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ballard_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballard-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în anul <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iar denumirea sa provine din grecescul <i>bromos</i>, care înseamnă <i>cu miros rău/urât</i>, și face referire directă la proprietatea neplăcută a bromului, anume mirosul urât și înțepător. În mare parte, acest miros este asemănător cu cel al <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorului</a>, dar tenta sa este mai puternică și are efecte mai violente. </p><p>În anul <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>, <i>Antoine Balard</i>, studiind <a href="/wiki/Flor%C4%83" title="Floră">flora</a> și <a href="/wiki/Faun%C4%83" title="Faună">fauna</a> unei <a href="/wiki/Mla%C8%99tin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Mlaștină">mlaștini saline</a> din <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a>, a devenit foarte interesat de această zonă, continuând să o investigheze cu mare interes. După ceva vreme de la începutul studiilor, Ballard a evaporat o anumită cantitate de <a href="/wiki/Solu%C8%9Bie" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluție">soluție</a> <a href="/wiki/Sare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sare">salină</a> recoltată din mlaștină, obținând sare cristalizată. Acesta a saturat <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solidul</a> rămas cu <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a>, iar, după aceea, el a distilat soluția rezultată, observând apariția unui <a href="/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid">lichid</a> de o <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoare</a> roșie-brună. <a href="/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid">Lichidul</a> rămas era brom, fapt încă necunoscut. </p><p>Crezând că ceea ce găsise el este o descoperire interesantă, Balard a dat rezultatul <i>Academiei de Științe</i> din <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> în <a href="/wiki/An" title="An">anul</a> <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a>. În final, el și-a publicat rezultatele în <a href="/wiki/An" title="An">anul</a> <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>, oferind dovezi că <a href="/wiki/Substan%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Substanță">substanța</a> descoperită de el este <i>un corp simplu</i>-adică este un nou <a href="/wiki/Element" class="mw-disambig" title="Element">element</a>, nu o <a href="/wiki/Substan%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Substanță">substanță</a>, așa cum credea majoritatea lumii. </p><p>Datorită publicației lui, Balard a devenit descoperitorul bromului. <i>Academia Franceză</i> a numit noul <a href="/wiki/Element" class="mw-disambig" title="Element">element</a> după grecescul <i>bromos</i>. </p><p>Bromul era să fie descoperit de <a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a>, căruia i-a trecut prin mâini, dar avea impresia c-ar fi clorură de iod. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structura_atomică"><span id="Structura_atomic.C4.83"></span>Structura atomică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Structura atomică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Structura atomică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Electron_shell_035_Bromine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Electron_shell_035_Bromine.svg/200px-Electron_shell_035_Bromine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Electron_shell_035_Bromine.svg/300px-Electron_shell_035_Bromine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Electron_shell_035_Bromine.svg/400px-Electron_shell_035_Bromine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Modelul planetar al atomului de brom</figcaption></figure> <p>Bromul este un <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a> (adică un <a href="/wiki/Element" class="mw-disambig" title="Element">element</a> aflat în <a href="/wiki/Grup%C4%83_(tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor)" title="Grupă (tabelul periodic al elementelor)">grupa</a> a VII-a principală a Sistemului Periodic al elementelor), aflându-se în <a href="/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_(tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor)" title="Perioadă (tabelul periodic al elementelor)">perioada</a> 4. La stânga sa, în <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul periodic al elementelor</a>, se află <a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">seleniul</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {(Se)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {(Se)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ca461b704dd7237c1a05dbad1f6db84b35b85486" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.923ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {(Se)} }"></span>, iar la dreapta <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gazul</a> nobil <a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">kripton</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {(Kr)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {(Kr)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ce54bfd39271d3ba6a7775ed530dc889e2fae627" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.203ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {(Kr)} }"></span>. Deasupra bromului se află tot un halogen, <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorul</a>, având în mare parte, aceleași proprietăți chimice cu bromul și cu <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iodul</a>, aflat sub brom în sistem.În apropierea bromului se mai află <i>linia în zigzag</i> a <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalelor</a>, ce delimitează <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalele</a> de <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal">nemetale</a>. Astfel, <a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">seleniul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">telurul</a> sunt <i>semimetale</i>, și se află lângă brom (<a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">seleniul</a> este chiar lângă brom, iar <a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">telurul</a> se sub <a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">seleniu</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FIXI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FIXI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table align="left" border="1" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Strat</th> <th>Număr de electroni</th> <th>Configurația electronică </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle K}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>K</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle K}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a428ec3c3244eb260ac22787fc83667fd410fcdb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.461ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle K}}"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mn>2</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d54eec809f4a4f4a4581ed2d47289fa3535506b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.822ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 2}}"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle \mathrm {1s^{2}} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle \mathrm {1s^{2}} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c9204e0245a561758e610d5634fe6e75a73f117a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.301ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle \mathrm {1s^{2}} }}"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle L}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle L}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d9618f80d3ba8ad538cb3f8246f03a3bc73ecc2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.119ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle L}}"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 8}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mn>8</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 8}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0665a9986a5107d6db55180e322abebb480cce1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.822ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 8}}"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 2s^{2}2p^{6}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 2s^{2}2p^{6}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fae175f20a597ecf9cc2b4f1c9acad1ee3cb3e54" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:4.905ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 2s^{2}2p^{6}}}"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle M}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>M</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle M}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4c7b66dafe8b4949e6ec94b176fcbbf495a4ac2c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.727ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle M}}"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 18}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mn>18</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 18}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d6aed59ca4f769921983eb3accbd3eef73e4e537" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.644ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 18}}"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mn>3</mn> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mn>3</mn> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mn>3</mn> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d907f5ecf8a9845448ae672f4e28f018b8e5cf2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.087ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{10}}}"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle N}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle N}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e71bd20cad69d650d0b967eaede39445d08a4a04" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.459ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle N}}"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 7}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mn>7</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 7}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3bf947d641478251e8174d7f358102273c2381e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.822ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 7}}"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 4s^{2}4p^{5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mn>4</mn> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mn>4</mn> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 4s^{2}4p^{5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2ea94909044b4f256e9e7d2e2a3e3f8ceae1d5a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:4.905ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle 4s^{2}4p^{5}}}"></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Atom#Structura_atomului" title="Atom">Structura atomului</a> de brom este determinată de numărul <a href="/wiki/Nucleu_atomic" title="Nucleu atomic">nucleonilor</a> din <a href="/wiki/Nucleu_atomic" title="Nucleu atomic">nucleul atomic</a>, astfel că <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopul</a> său natural, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{79}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>35</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>79</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{79}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8633df0e249b50c7e5371607a9db4e761bf799d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{79}Br} }"></span>, are 35 de <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protoni</a> și 44 de <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a>. Repartiția <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electronilor</a> pe starturile electronice este dată în tabelul din stânga. </p><p>Pe baza așezării sale în sistemul periodic, despre brom se pot trage concluziile: datorită faptului că bromul se află în grupa a VII-a principală, rezultă atunci că acesta are 7 <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electroni</a> pe stratul de <a href="/wiki/Valen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Valență">valență</a> (ultimul strat electronic); bromul, aflându-se în perioada a 4-a, are în total patru straturi <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electronice</a>, dintre care trei sunt ocupate complet cu <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electroni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-carte_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carte-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izotopi">Izotopi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Izotopi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Izotopi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Izotopii_bromului" title="Izotopii bromului">Izotopii bromului</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p>Bromul are doi <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopi</a> stabili, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{79}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>79</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{79}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eec2e395040b94217b1109a711a9ec547870f519" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{79}Br} }"></span> (50,69 %) și <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{81}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>81</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{81}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43381a8d3aee89751239391dd50b783277389263" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{81}Br} }"></span> (49,31%). Masa atomică standard al bromului natural este de 79,904 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_atomic%C4%83_de_mas%C4%83" title="Unitate atomică de masă">u.a.m.</a> Se cunosc, până la ora actuală, 30 de izotopi radioactivi ai bromului care rezultă fie prin dezintegrarea radioactivă a unor elemente, fie pe cale artificială prin activarea cu neuroni termalizați. Cel mai mic <a href="/wiki/Timp_de_%C3%AEnjum%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bire" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Timp de înjumătățire">timp de înjumătățire</a> îl are izotopul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>69</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fffd99dbf63b475b7a068c0e468a63354e0fec01" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }"></span>, de 24 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanosecund%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanosecundă — pagină inexistentă">nanosecunde</a>, iar cel mai mare, de 57,036 <a href="/wiki/Or%C4%83" title="Oră">ore</a>, îl are izotopul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>77</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7a6121ac27bbdcf2c74586f7471e2f61875b118f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Br} }"></span>. În tabelul din stânga sunt prezentați 11 din cei 32 de izotopi cunoscuți ai bromului cu specificarea tipului de <a href="/wiki/Dezintegrare_radioactiv%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Dezintegrare radioactivă">dezintegrare radioactivă</a>, a radionucleului rezultat și a timpului de înjumătățire. </p> <dl><dd><table align="left" border="1" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Izotopi</th> <th>Tipul dezintegrarii</th> <th>Radionucleu descendent</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Timp_de_%C3%AEnjum%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bire" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Timp de înjumătățire"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4de7243a56b0da6823f4787744bb635bd867c8a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:2.628ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle T_{\frac {1}{2}}}"></span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>69</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fffd99dbf63b475b7a068c0e468a63354e0fec01" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">p<sup>+</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{68}Se} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>68</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{68}Se} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cfc2c559fbfd6400c61f306ddf1755fea4da8184" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{68}Se} }"></span></div></td> <td>24 nanosecunde </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{76}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>76</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{76}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1980bbdc558995b73b66be21d6aa8362bbfbfbd1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{76}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">β<sup>+</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{76}Se} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>76</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{76}Se} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/82970554dfa3aee6593274891de15e9b56c10ce7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{76}Se} }"></span> </div></td> <td>16 ore </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>77</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7a6121ac27bbdcf2c74586f7471e2f61875b118f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">β<sup>+</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Se} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>77</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Se} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/871cfdd21c16514994eb35a1153a90dae2797005" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{77}Se} }"></span> </div></td> <td>57,036 ore </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>78</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfa16102453553217eb33f4bc93f799978be2059" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">β<sup>+</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Se} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>78</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Se} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70d0f422542f4f54ecff04a7ac07c2d548ca593b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Se} }"></span></div></td> <td>6,46 minute </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{79}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>79</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{79}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eec2e395040b94217b1109a711a9ec547870f519" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{79}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Stabil </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>80</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/884a5b3547b924b98c07564c1c2ae66432ad477e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">β<sup>-</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Kr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>80</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Kr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c023867414b9741bf64b07e82adc31ba6a92a24c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Kr} }"></span> </div></td> <td>17,7 minute </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80m}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>80</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80m}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/181e53a58ddf545820d02d54e3157c26c3d7abc8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.999ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80m}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">TI</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>80</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/884a5b3547b924b98c07564c1c2ae66432ad477e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }"></span></div></td> <td>4,42 ore </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{81}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>81</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{81}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43381a8d3aee89751239391dd50b783277389263" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{81}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Stabil </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{82}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>82</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{82}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2f3c4b5fb7ce639d921399f693d9fbd6017beb88" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{82}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">β<sup>-</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{82}Kr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>82</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{82}Kr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/138329a3e34010d9939b4e3a99bcd91c0bd33d72" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{82}Kr} }"></span> </div></td> <td>1,5 zile </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{83}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>83</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{83}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ddfe23d2f643b8be227358d11a9877a51c3e2987" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{83}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">β<sup>-</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{83}Kr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>83</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{83}Kr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dc77b5487814eea1552c7bdbc814e8263b2b8b9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{83}Kr} }"></span> </div></td> <td>2,4 ore </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>84</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9ddbdad73b9eb61867f84bd27f490b847d504c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">β<sup>-</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Kr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>84</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Kr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/13e89b0de9f5a83b1b0d5164e9ee1f1d3b2f2c9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Kr} }"></span> </div></td> <td>31,8 minute </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{85}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>85</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{85}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/79edbdc7b0662905eb780d16ffc8c008f54f293b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{85}Br} }"></span> </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">β<sup>-</sup></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{85}Kr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>85</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{85}Kr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/63dc9243255ee3c7136f9748f564b377a5eae8dd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{85}Kr} }"></span> </div></td> <td>2,9 minute </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>Izotopii bromului se dezintegrează în patru moduri: prin emisie de proton, dezintegrare beta <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03cba26fd01fb93b8f151f39aad91e268721e0ad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.148ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"></span> sau <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6455bfbb40a3596dddf1b28bf6db5052641975c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.148ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}"></span>, respectiv dezintegrare <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03cba26fd01fb93b8f151f39aad91e268721e0ad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.148ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"></span> însoțit de emisie de <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>. De exemplu, izotopul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>69</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fffd99dbf63b475b7a068c0e468a63354e0fec01" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{69}Br} }"></span> se dezintegrează prin expulzarea unui proton, în urma căruia transmută în <a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">seleniu</a>, după schema: </p> <dl><dd><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{69}Br} _{34}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{34}^{68}Se} _{34}^{-}+\mathrm {p} ^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>35</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>69</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>34</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>34</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>68</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>34</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{69}Br} _{34}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{34}^{68}Se} _{34}^{-}+\mathrm {p} ^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45cf8d75ca79bf6a7bcb43bac982ba94c04b77bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:22.806ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{69}Br} _{34}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{34}^{68}Se} _{34}^{-}+\mathrm {p} ^{+}}"></span></div></dd></dl> <p>Prin dezintegrare <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6455bfbb40a3596dddf1b28bf6db5052641975c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.148ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}"></span>, izotopul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>78</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfa16102453553217eb33f4bc93f799978be2059" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Br} }"></span> se transformă în izotopul stabil <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Se} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>78</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Se} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70d0f422542f4f54ecff04a7ac07c2d548ca593b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Se} }"></span> cu emisia unui <a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">pozitron</a> și al unui <a href="/wiki/Neutrin" title="Neutrin">neutrin</a>, tranziția are loc după schema: </p> <dl><dd><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{78}Br} _{43}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{34}^{78}Se} _{44}^{-}+\mathrm {e} ^{+}+{\nu }_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>35</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>78</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>43</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>34</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>78</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>44</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{78}Br} _{43}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{34}^{78}Se} _{44}^{-}+\mathrm {e} ^{+}+{\nu }_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/44f4b014a824956cc2d9ac5022eff903818eeaa7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:27.533ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{78}Br} _{43}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{34}^{78}Se} _{44}^{-}+\mathrm {e} ^{+}+{\nu }_{e}}"></span></div></dd></dl> <p>Un exemplu pentru dezintegrare <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03cba26fd01fb93b8f151f39aad91e268721e0ad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.148ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"></span>, îl reprezintă izotopul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>84</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9ddbdad73b9eb61867f84bd27f490b847d504c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }"></span>, care se transformă în izotopul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Kr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>78</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Kr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd016b5d4f5839495f1b2f8ab1a2dc0debc4d29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{78}Kr} }"></span>, concomitent cu emisia unui <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> și al unui neutrin: </p> <dl><dd><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{84}Br} _{49}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{36}^{84}Kr} _{48}^{+}+\mathrm {e} ^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>35</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>84</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>49</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>36</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>84</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>48</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{84}Br} _{49}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{36}^{84}Kr} _{48}^{+}+\mathrm {e} ^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/369b57dc1e4922bf6bb36ab1ee332ab68cabede9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:28.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {~_{35}^{84}Br} _{49}\rightarrow \mathrm {~_{36}^{84}Kr} _{48}^{+}+\mathrm {e} ^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}}"></span></div></dd></dl> <p>Există izotopi ai bromului care se dezintegrează în mai multe moduri, de exemplu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>80</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/884a5b3547b924b98c07564c1c2ae66432ad477e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Br} }"></span> care se dezintegreză cu probabilitatea de 91,7% prin <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6455bfbb40a3596dddf1b28bf6db5052641975c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.148ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{+}}"></span> în <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Kr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>80</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Kr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c023867414b9741bf64b07e82adc31ba6a92a24c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.003ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Kr} }"></span> și cu probabilitatea de 8,3%, prin <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03cba26fd01fb93b8f151f39aad91e268721e0ad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.148ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"></span>, în <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Se} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>80</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Se} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4390abbb2173106f4548385aef5ab2a2eede69f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{80}Se} }"></span>. De asemenea, începând cu izotopul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>84</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9ddbdad73b9eb61867f84bd27f490b847d504c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.888ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {~^{84}Br} }"></span>, toți izotopii dezintegrează, pe lângă dezintegrarea <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03cba26fd01fb93b8f151f39aad91e268721e0ad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.148ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {\beta } ^{-}}"></span>, și prin emisie de <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a>. </p><p>Prezența în natură, în proporție extrem de scăzută, a radioizotopilor bromului și timpii de înjumătățire de valori mici ai acestora, face nesemnificativă contribuția radiațiilor emise de aceștia la fondul natural de radiații nucleare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietăți"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi"></span>Proprietăți</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fizice">Fizice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Fizice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Fizice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bromul este prezent în natură sub forma sa moleculară, anume sub forma moleculei diatomice <b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73910109fad01687164e2c9afa2623cd8c89452b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.64ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}} }"></span></b>. La <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">temperatura</a> și <a href="/wiki/Presiune" title="Presiune">presiunea</a> camerei, bromul se află în stare <a href="/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid">lichidă</a>, fiind astfel singurul <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal">nemetal</a> aflat în fază lichidă la temperatura camerei. Culoarea bromului este brună sau maronie. Bromul are un miros iritant. </p><p>În condiții normale (0 °C, 1<a href="/wiki/Atmosfer%C4%83_(unitate)" class="mw-disambig" title="Atmosferă (unitate)">atm</a>), densitatea bromului este de 3,19g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Solubilitatea în apă este de 3,5% la 25 °C. Bromul este solubil în orice proporții în solvenți organici, precum <a href="/wiki/Sulfur%C4%83_de_carbon" title="Sulfură de carbon">sulfură de carbon</a> ( <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CS_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CS_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32220d208af200165c7d10c90f714f2e2c6e6cff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.932ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CS_{2}} }"></span>), <a href="/wiki/Cloroform" title="Cloroform">cloroform</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CHCl_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CHCl_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/96ec6e7156eb3743d5fc095e731605f674a36822" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.895ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CHCl_{3}} }"></span>), <a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">benzen</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {C_{6}H_{6}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {C_{6}H_{6}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e7cbca22b25520bba16504b4e97e2da9e48d25cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.082ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {C_{6}H_{6}} }"></span>), etc.<sup id="cite_ref-CDN_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDN-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La presiunea de 55 G<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (unitate)">Pa</a>, bromul se transformă într-o structură <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metaloidă</a>; la presiunea de 75 GPa, el trece în <a href="/wiki/Stare_de_agregare" title="Stare de agregare">stare de agregare</a> <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solidă</a>, cu o <a href="/wiki/Structur%C4%83_cristalin%C4%83" title="Structură cristalină">structură cristalină ortorombică</a>, iar la presiunea de 100 GPa, se transformă într-o structură ortorombică monoatomică.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bromul este un bun izolator electric având rezistivitatea electrică 7,8×10<sup>10 </sup><a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">Ω</a>·<a href="/wiki/Metru" title="Metru">m</a>, cu toate acestea nu este utilizat ca material dielectric în electrotehnică din cauza reactivității sale ridicate. Din punctul de vedere al proprietăților magnetice, bromul este un element diamagnetic. </p><p>Punctul de fierbere al bromului molecular este relativ scăzut, având în vedere faptul că bromul este un lichid, și anume 58,8 °C (332 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>), iar punctul de topire este de -7,1 °C (266,05 K). </p><p>Presiunea de saturație a <a href="/wiki/Vapori" title="Vapori">vaporilor</a> de brom la temperatura de topire (-7,1 °C) este de 5800 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unitate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascal (unitate)">Pa</a>. </p><p><i>Numărul de registru CAS</i> al bromului este 7726-95-6. </p> <dl><dd><table align="left" border="1" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nr.</th> <th>Constanta fizică</th> <th>Valoare numerică</th> <th>Observații</th> <th>Nr.</th> <th>Constanta fizică</th> <th>Valoare numerică</th> <th>Observații </th></tr> <tr> <th>1</th> <th>Proprietăți termice</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th>3</th> <th>Proprietăți magnetice</th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.1</td> <td>Temperatură de topire [°C]</td> <td>-7,3<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>3.1</td> <td>Natura magnetică</td> <td>Diamagnetic</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.2</td> <td>Temperatură de fierbere [°C]</td> <td>58,8<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>3.2</td> <td>Susceptibilitate magnetică specifică</td> <td>-4,9x10<sup>−9</sup></td> <td>masică </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.3</td> <td>Presiune critică [MPa]</td> <td>10,34 (102Atm)<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>...</td> <td>3.3</td> <td>Susceptibilitate magnetică specifică</td> <td>-7,83<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>molară </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.4</td> <td>Temperatură critică [K]</td> <td>588<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>...</td> <td>3.4</td> <td>Susceptibilitate magnetică specifică</td> <td>-0,0000153<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>volumică </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.5</td> <td>Căldură latentă de topire [kJ/mol]</td> <td>5,8<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td><b>4</b></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><b>Alte proprietăți fizice</b></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.6</td> <td>Căldură latentă de evaporare [kJ/mol]</td> <td>14,8<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>4.1</td> <td>Densitate [g/cm<sup>3</sup>]</td> <td>3,12<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.7</td> <td>Căldură specifică [kJ/mol]</td> <td>947,3<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>în fază lichidă</td> <td>4.2</td> <td>Volum molar</td> <td>0,00002561<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.8</td> <td>Conductivitate termică [W/(mK)]</td> <td>0,12<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>...</td> <td>4.2</td> <td>Indice de refracție</td> <td>1,001132<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="text-align:center"><b>2</b></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><b>Proprietăți electrice</b></div></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4.3</td> <td>Duritate Brinell</td> <td>N/A</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.1</td> <td>Proprietăți dielectrice</td> <td>izolator</td> <td></td> <td>4.4</td> <td>Modul Young</td> <td>N/A</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.2</td> <td>Conductivitate electrică [S/m]</td> <td>1x10<sup>−10</sup></td> <td></td> <td>4.5</td> <td>Viteza sunetului</td> <td>N/A</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.3</td> <td>Rezistivitate electrică [ <a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">Ω</a>·<a href="/wiki/Metru" title="Metru">m</a>]</td> <td>1x10<sup>10</sup><sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>4.6</td> <td>Coeficient de dilatare termică</td> <td>N/A</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chimice">Chimice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Chimice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Chimice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png/100px-Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png/150px-Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png/200px-Dibromine-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bromine-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromine-3D-vdW.png/90px-Bromine-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromine-3D-vdW.png/135px-Bromine-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromine-3D-vdW.png/180px-Bromine-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="790" /></a></span>Modelul bidimensional (sus) și tridimensional (jos) al moleculei diatomice de brom (Br<sub>2</sub> )</figcaption></figure> <p>Bromul, datorită structurii sale electronice, este un element foarte <a href="/wiki/Reactivitate_chimic%C4%83" title="Reactivitate chimică">reactiv</a>, motiv pentru care el nu poate exista în natură, sub forma sa elementară; formează moleculă diatomică prin <a href="/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_chimic%C4%83#Legătura_covalentă" title="Legătură chimică">legătură covalentă</a> slabă. Fiind mai puțin reactiv decât <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorul</a>, dar mai reactiv decât <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iodul</a>, bromul reacționează energic cu <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalele</a>, în special în prezența <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apei</a>, pentru a forma <a href="/wiki/Sare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sare">săruri</a> de brom. Bromul este, de asemenea, foarte reactiv cu <a href="/wiki/Chimie_organic%C4%83" title="Chimie organică">compușii organici</a>, formând bromuri, după reacția: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}\rightarrow 2Br^{0}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}\rightarrow 2Br^{0}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0f0b9805d52e97bcf34461db8b6508e5601035d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}\rightarrow 2Br^{0}} }"></span>. Procesul de ionizare are loc după schema: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br+1e^{-}\rightarrow Br^{-1}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br+1e^{-}\rightarrow Br^{-1}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/233d86a23737a657ff0ea469ef9342902ddf9f64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.162ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br+1e^{-}\rightarrow Br^{-1}} }"></span>. </p> <dl><dd><table align="left" border="1" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nr.</th> <th>Constanta chimică</th> <th>Valoare numerică </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Configurație electronică</td> <td>[Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>5</sup><sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Valență</td> <td>5 <sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Forma moleculară</td> <td>diatomică, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73910109fad01687164e2c9afa2623cd8c89452b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.64ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br_{2}} }"></span><sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Electronegativitate</td> <td>2,96<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Număr de oxidare</td> <td>0, ±1, +3, +5, +7<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Afinitate electronică</td> <td>324,60<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7</th> <th>Potențiali de ionizare (kJ/mol) </th></tr> <tr> <td>7.1</td> <td>primul</td> <td>1 139,60<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.2</td> <td>al doilea</td> <td>2 103,00<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.3</td> <td>al treilea</td> <td>3 470,00<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.4</td> <td>al patrulea</td> <td>4 560,00<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.5</td> <td>al cincilea</td> <td>5 760,00<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.6</td> <td>al șaselea</td> <td>8 550,00<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.7</td> <td>al șaptelea</td> <td>9 940,00<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.8</td> <td>al optulea</td> <td>18 600,00<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>Bromul se dizolvă puțin în apă (3,36 g în 100 g apă, la 25 °C) formând <i>apa de brom</i>, care este un oxidant mai slab decât apa de clor. Odată cu dizolvarea bromului în apă are loc și o reacție chimică. Acesta poate fi considerat un proces de auto-oxido-reducere, iar în urma reacției rezultă <a href="/wiki/Acid_bromhidric" title="Acid bromhidric">acid bromhidric</a> și <a href="/wiki/Acid_hipobromos" title="Acid hipobromos">acid hipobromos</a>. Deci, în apa de brom este prezent bromul elementar, anionul bromură (Br<sup>-</sup>) și acidul hipobromos, care este mai puțin disociat: </p> <dl><dd><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow HBr+HBrO} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow HBr+HBrO} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01e1b7a3dff48d9cb71f0add2de2129d9eff5d5f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:27.92ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow HBr+HBrO} }"></span></div></dd></dl> <dl><dd><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HBrO\rightarrow 2HBr+O_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {HBrO\rightarrow 2HBr+O_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e1b91950d364a103252601d55021104c86e750cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.888ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HBrO\rightarrow 2HBr+O_{2}} }"></span></div></dd></dl> <p>În soluții bazice, disproporționarea ionului <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrO^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrO^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db21cd37434a605ed70163aafb54bf020a853a2c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.289ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrO^{-}} }"></span> este lentă la temperatura camerei, din care cauză soluțiile de <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrO^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrO^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db21cd37434a605ed70163aafb54bf020a853a2c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.289ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrO^{-}} }"></span> se prepară la aproximativ 0 °C. La temperatura 50-80 °C, se obține cantitativ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br{O_{3}}^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br{O_{3}}^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c1d221ccc4ad01683f74e556cf22d90d20c9b91a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.121ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Br{O_{3}}^{-}} }"></span>: </p> <dl><dd><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {3Br_{2}+6OH^{-}\rightarrow 5Br^{-}+Br{O_{3}}^{-}+3H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {3Br_{2}+6OH^{-}\rightarrow 5Br^{-}+Br{O_{3}}^{-}+3H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/95b6cdccec513a9458b007b2ebd3ad3ec13bd72f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:41.062ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {3Br_{2}+6OH^{-}\rightarrow 5Br^{-}+Br{O_{3}}^{-}+3H_{2}O} }"></span></div></dd></dl> <p>Bromul se dizolvă în dizolvanți organici (<a href="/wiki/Sulfur%C4%83_de_carbon" title="Sulfură de carbon">sulfură de carbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzen" title="Benzen">benzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloroform" title="Cloroform">cloroform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetraclorur%C4%83_de_carbon" title="Tetraclorură de carbon">tetraclorură de carbon</a>, etc.) De aceea se poate extrage dintr-o soluție diluată, folosind dizolvanți organici. </p><p>Fiind mai puțin reactiv decât clorul, poate fi înlocuit de clor din combinațiile sale cu hidrogenul și cu metalele: </p> <dl><dd><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Br^{-}+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2Cl^{-}+Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Br^{-}+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2Cl^{-}+Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33b57096d6fbaf01cb73dcde2855c8e48cf3c563" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:26.514ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Br^{-}+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2Cl^{-}+Br_{2}} }"></span></div></dd></dl> <p>Prin urmare, dacă la o soluție de <a href="/wiki/Bromur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Bromură de potasiu">bromură de potasiu</a> se adaugă apă de clor și se agită, soluția incoloră se colorează în galben-brun din cauza dizolvării în apă a bromului pus în libertate de către clor. Dacă în continuare se adaugă cloroform și se agită, după repaos se observă separarea a două straturi: un strat inferior de cloroform, colorat în brun de către bromul extras din soluția apoasă, și deasupra un strat de lichid incolor care este <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Clorură de potasiu">clorura de potasiu</a>. Această reacție se utilizează la identificarea prezenței bromului în diverse materiale. </p><p>Bromul substituie iodul din <a href="/wiki/Acid_iodhidric" title="Acid iodhidric">acidul iodhidric</a> sau din ioduri: </p> <dl><dd><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2I^{-}+Br_{2}\rightarrow I_{2}+2Br^{-}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2I^{-}+Br_{2}\rightarrow I_{2}+2Br^{-}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dd49391c3be3f0e88cb68ce9fc4d4a2aa7d6d3e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:23.543ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2I^{-}+Br_{2}\rightarrow I_{2}+2Br^{-}} }"></span></div></dd></dl> <p>Bromul reacționează cu hidrogenul la încălzire (150 °C), în prezență de catalizatori, formând <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ef56f83360d67d7559bff47cd971a72da7dac249" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.041ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HBr} }"></span>. El se poate combina direct și cu nemetalele (excepție fac oxigenul, azotul și carbonul), ca de exemplu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {PBr_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {PBr_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3555f42ad48fb1d77f3a118b1ea163b7ac45db75" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:3.759ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {PBr_{2}} }"></span> și <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {PBr_{5}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {PBr_{5}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/002f14f9ee6b3c543d2df8a9b4a67dd902c56f12" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.759ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {PBr_{5}} }"></span>. De asemenea se combină direct cu metalele formând bromuri. <a href="/wiki/Platin%C4%83" title="Platină">Platina</a> nu este atacată de brom. </p><p>Bromul distruge substanțele organice, de aceea recipientele de sticlă care conțin brom nu se închid cu dopuri de cauciuc sau plută. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Răspândire"><span id="R.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndire"></span>Răspândire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Răspândire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Răspândire"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>În natură</b>, datorită reactivității sale foarte mare, bromul nu se găsește sub forma sa elementară ci numai în compuși reprezentați în principal de bromuri (cel mai adesea sub formă de <a href="/wiki/Bromur%C4%83_de_sodiu" title="Bromură de sodiu">bromură de sodiu</a>, -<a href="/wiki/Bromur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Bromură de potasiu">potasiu</a> sau -<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromur%C4%83_de_magneziu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromură de magneziu — pagină inexistentă">magneziu</a>), însoțind <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorurile</a> în apele marine și în <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerale</a>. </p> <dl><dd><table align="left" border="1" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nr.</th> <th>Mediul</th> <th>Abundență relativă (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.</td> <td>Univers</td> <td>7x10<sup>−7</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Soare</td> <td>N/A <sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Meteoriți</td> <td>0,00012 <sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Scoarța terestră</td> <td>0,0003 <sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Oceanul planetar</td> <td>0,0067 <sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Corpul uman</td> <td>0,00029<sup id="cite_ref-periodictable_17-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-periodictable-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>În saline, bromurile se găsesc în straturile superioare ale zăcămintelor, în asociere cu combinații ale potasiului.<sup id="cite_ref-CDN_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDN-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Răspândirea relativă medie a bromului în scoarța Pământului, dar și în <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer%C4%83" title="Atmosferă">atmosferă</a> și <a href="/wiki/Hidrosfer%C4%83" title="Hidrosferă">hidrosferă</a>, este de 6,0·10<sup>−4</sup>%. În mări, conținutul mediu de brom este de 0,008%. Bromurile se găsesc în apele unor izvoare naturale sau în apele unor <a href="/wiki/Lac" title="Lac">lacuri</a>, ca de exemplu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saki_(lac)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saki (lac) — pagină inexistentă">Saki</a> în <a href="/wiki/Crimeea" title="Crimeea">Crimeea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zarisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zarisis — pagină inexistentă">Zarisis</a> în <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, în <a href="/wiki/Marea_Moart%C4%83" title="Marea Moartă">Marea Moartă</a>, etc. Procentul de răspândire a bromului în <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceanele</a> Terrei este de 6,73×10<sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Miligram" title="Miligram">miligrame</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Litru" title="Litru">litru</a>. Apele extrase împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">petrolul</a> din sonde conțin până la 0,5% ioni Br<sup>-</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDN_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDN-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În minerale, cu abundență relativ scăzută, bromul se găsește legat în diverse minerale în asociere frecventă cu elemente ca <a href="/wiki/Ag" class="mw-redirect" title="Ag">argintul</a> , <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)">mercurul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsenul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plumb" title="Plumb">plumbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">sulful</a>, formând o serie de minerale cristaline cu diverse structuri. Sunt cunoscute peste douăzeci de specii de minerale cu conținut de brom. În tabelul din stânga sunt prezentate cele mai răspândite minerale de acest fel, cu prezentarea denumirii mineralogice, formulei chimice, masei moleculare și a conținutul masic procentual al bromului în mineral. Printre acestea se remarcă următoarele mineralele: </p> <dl><dd><table align="left" border="1" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mineral</th> <th>Formulă chimică</th> <th>Masă moleculară [u.a.m]</th> <th>Conținut de brom (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bromargirit <sup id="cite_ref-Bromar_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromar-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {AgBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {AgBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97f20f7dfde1e9572e0e2d46dbe19621cb8f5536" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.463ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {AgBr} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">187,77</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">42,55 </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Embolit <sup id="cite_ref-Embol_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Embol-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Ag(Br,Cl)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Ag(Br,Cl)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/162275ee716d213126e871ad44f020b5486cf571" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.631ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Ag(Br,Cl)} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">165,55</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">24,13</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kuzminit <sup id="cite_ref-Kuzmin_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuzmin-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/337fd772dbbce340f8eb577138e2b01774312f71" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.739ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">538,76</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">22,25</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Demicheleit (Br) <sup id="cite_ref-Demichel_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demichel-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {BiSBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {BiSBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/470a5883ac2c2cf10b8bbeba706141f1c79144c4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.142ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {BiSBr} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">306,48 </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">17,47</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arzakit <sup id="cite_ref-Arzak_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arzak-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/50b199ed910a7380bbc6a6197110652ddb130c1f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.086ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">803,48</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">14,92</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kadyrelit <sup id="cite_ref-Kadyr_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kadyr-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{4}(Br,Cl)_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{4}(Br,Cl)_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c0e5d06819482b6679d55843ae6ee24b28752c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.547ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{4}(Br,Cl)_{2}O} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">955,94</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">12,54 </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grechishchevit <sup id="cite_ref-Greichi_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greichi-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl,I)_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl,I)_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2fcf6df4fae82bf445b8b894ffe45f39867fed2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.96ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl,I)_{2}} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">817,84</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">9,77</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lafossait.<sup id="cite_ref-Lafoss_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lafoss-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Tl(Cl,Br)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Tl(Cl,Br)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2258623152e289f5d5d93482101d0722cd0ca688" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.05ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Tl(Cl,Br)} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">252,93</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">6,07</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capgaronnit <sup id="cite_ref-Capgar_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capgar-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HgAg(Cl,Br,I)S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {HgAg(Cl,Br,I)S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8eeab09af1e8af95779103127dd1632ddd84eef0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.703ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HgAg(Cl,Br,I)S} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">398,46</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">6,02</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lavrentievit <sup id="cite_ref-Lavren_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavren-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Cl,Br)_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Cl,Br)_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c84356b5d76599e3c5437f59999b611891401dca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.086ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Cl,Br)_{2}} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> 759,03</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">5,26</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iltisit <sup id="cite_ref-Iltis_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iltis-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HgSAg(Cl,Br)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {HgSAg(Cl,Br)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c0fffa954a0df886d6503dd75cfc4c7c24ee7175" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.829ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {HgSAg(Cl,Br)} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">387,09 </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">5,16</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Comancheite <sup id="cite_ref-Comanch_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Comanch-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{13}(Cl,Br)_{8}O_{9}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{13}(Cl,Br)_{8}O_{9}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/76120042e329571ba4b5f431318013939c662a78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.424ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{13}(Cl,Br)_{8}O_{9}} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> 3 079,74 </div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">2,59</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mutnovskit <sup id="cite_ref-Mutnov_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mutnov-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pb_{2}AsS_{3}(I,Cl,Br)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pb_{2}AsS_{3}(I,Cl,Br)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/034b9a481cbbeecff52832847d8bb9e15ef21364" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.535ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pb_{2}AsS_{3}(I,Cl,Br)} }"></span></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> 670,21</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">1,07</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>Demicheleit-(Br)</b>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BiSBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BiSBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/09d43f1cab7ecf134afa52caa3e8da63252ab581" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.343ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BiSBr} }"></span>, are masa moleculară 306.48 <a href="/wiki/Unitate_atomic%C4%83_de_mas%C4%83" title="Unitate atomică de masă">u.a.m.</a>, cu un conținut de 17.47 % brom în moleculă. Adesea, bromul poate fi înlocuit de alți <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogeni</a>, cum sunt <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorul</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iodul</a>. Formula empirică a mineralului este <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Bi_{0,99}S_{0,97}Br_{0,67}Cl_{0,35}I_{0,02}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>99</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>97</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>67</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>35</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>02</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Bi_{0,99}S_{0,97}Br_{0,67}Cl_{0,35}I_{0,02}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/410215ff316ed9ef72c93bdf134dc001a9a24297" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.269ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Bi_{0,99}S_{0,97}Br_{0,67}Cl_{0,35}I_{0,02}} }"></span> și prezintă o structură cristalină în sistem ortorombic (dipiramidal).<sup id="cite_ref-Demichel_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demichel-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mindatDemiche_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatDemiche-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost descoperit în compoziția rocilor fierbinți din fumarolele craterului <i>La Fossa</i>, Insula Vulcano, din arhipelagul italian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eolie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eolie — pagină inexistentă">Eolie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provincia_Messina" title="Provincia Messina">Provincia Messina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a>. A fost denumit după mineralogul italian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincenzo_de_Michele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincenzo de Michele — pagină inexistentă">Vincenzo de Michele</a> (n. 1936-), fost <a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">curator</a> al secției de minaralogie al Muzeului de Istorie Naturală din <a href="/wiki/Milano" title="Milano">Milano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mindatDemiche_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatDemiche-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><b>Lavrentievit</b></i>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Cl,Br)_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Cl,Br)_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65fe04408a69923ee44744e371da708ff1d1ba7d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.652ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Cl,Br)_{2}} }"></span>, are masa moleculară 759.03 u.a.m. cu un conținut de 5,26 % brom în moleculă, are formula empirică <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}Cl_{1,5}Br_{0,5}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}Cl_{1,5}Br_{0,5}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dc8c3eaece2945cecdf1199ca02034cbcc07dbdf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.824ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}Cl_{1,5}Br_{0,5}} }"></span> și cristalizează în sistem monoclinic.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavren_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavren-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mindatLavren_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatLavren-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost identificat pentru prima oară în zăcămintele de mercur din valea prâului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arzak — pagină inexistentă">Arzak</a> în regiunea siberiană <a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a> din <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. A fost denumit în onarea savantului rus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_Alexievici_Lavrentiev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Alexievici Lavrentiev — pagină inexistentă">Mihail Alexievici Lavrentiev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mindatLavren_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatLavren-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><b>Capgaronnit</b></i>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgAg(Cl,Br,I)S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgAg(Cl,Br,I)S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a38de868c77e0e9b831f393f68011e0d287729f2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.263ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgAg(Cl,Br,I)S} }"></span>, de obicei conține până la 15 % elemente halogene si un continut de 6,02 % brom, cu masa moleculara de 398,46 u.a.m., are formula empirică <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgAgCl_{0.6}Br_{0.3}I_{0.1}S} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.6</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgAgCl_{0.6}Br_{0.3}I_{0.1}S} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9d521d23682bca96ef4866ba0157c1781fdc558c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.68ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgAgCl_{0.6}Br_{0.3}I_{0.1}S} }"></span> și cristalizează în sistem ortorombic (difenoidal).<sup id="cite_ref-Capgar_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capgar-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mindatCapra_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatCapra-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost denumit după numele minei de cupru <i>Cap Garonne</i> din comuna <a href="/wiki/Le_Pradet" title="Le Pradet">Le Pradet</a>, departamentul <a href="/wiki/Var_(departament)" title="Var (departament)">Var</a> al regiunii <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> din Franța, unde a fost descoperit în anul 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-mindatCapra_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatCapra-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><b>Arzakit</b></i>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b322322cf94ad6f7b71bda047ed711011d0a1aa9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.652ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}(Br,Cl)_{2}} }"></span> și conținut masic procentual de brom de 14,92%. Masa moleculară a mineralului este de 803.48 u.a.m., are formula empirică <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}Br_{1.5}Cl_{0.5}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1.5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.5</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}Br_{1.5}Cl_{0.5}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/38a959d0fff21e2039434cb18520cbebcf9f4a0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.824ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Hg_{3}S_{2}Br_{1.5}Cl_{0.5}} }"></span> și cristalizează în sistem monoclinic.<sup id="cite_ref-Arzak_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arzak-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mindatArzak_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatArzak-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost decoperit în asociere cu zăcămintele de mercur din valea prâului Arzak în regiunea siberiană <a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a> din Rusia și a fost denumit după orașul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arzakskoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arzakskoe — pagină inexistentă">Arzakskoe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mindatArzak_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatArzak-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><b>Iltisit</b></i>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgSAg(Cl,Br)} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgSAg(Cl,Br)} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/992bb85be4acb98adf525f79ef3bb073354d5e23" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.212ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgSAg(Cl,Br)} }"></span>; se găsește în asociație cu capgaronitul, are masa moleculară de 387,09 u.a.m. și un conținut de brom de 5,16%. Formula empirică a mineralului este <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgSAgCl_{0.75}Br_{0.25}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.75</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.25</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgSAgCl_{0.75}Br_{0.25}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4a3325602c246b4338b8b9c8276d7474f1c50f2f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HgSAgCl_{0.75}Br_{0.25}} }"></span> și cristalizează în sistem hexagonal (trapezoidal).<sup id="cite_ref-Iltis_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iltis-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mindatIltis_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatIltis-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost descoperit în mina de cupru <i>Cap Garonne</i> din comuna Le Pradet, departamentul Var Var al regiunii Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur din Franța și a fost denumit după geologul francez <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Iltis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Iltis — pagină inexistentă">Antoine Iltis</a> (1942-), cel care l-a descoperit în anul 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-mindatIltis_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatIltis-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><b>Embolit</b></i>: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {AgBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {AgBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70c687d67b6a6ae16782514cf7e3016a24b07791" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.863ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {AgBr} }"></span>, are aceași formulă chimică cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromur%C4%83_de_argint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromură de argint — pagină inexistentă">bromura de argint</a> (bromargirit), este o bromură cu importante utilizări industriale. Poate conține până la 25 % brom și are o masă moleculară de 165,55 u.a.m. Formula empirică a mineralului este <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {AgCl_{0.5}Br_{0.5}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.5</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0.5</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {AgCl_{0.5}Br_{0.5}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6361601da1a2b8effae000b95ea24f2199ed9757" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.247ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {AgCl_{0.5}Br_{0.5}} }"></span> și cristalizează în sistem cubic (hexoctahedral).<sup id="cite_ref-Embol_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Embol-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost identificat în straturile oxidate ale zăcămintelor de argint din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chanarcillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chanarcillo — pagină inexistentă">Chanarcillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> în anul 1849<sup id="cite_ref-mindatEmbolit_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatEmbolit-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și a fost descris pentru prima oară de germanul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_August_Friedrich_Breithaupt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann August Friedrich Breithaupt — pagină inexistentă">Johann August Friedrich Breithaupt</a> în 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-mindatEmbolit_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindatEmbolit-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>În apele termale, bromul în asociere cu iodul, este prezent în concentrație foarte ridicată, numai în <a href="/wiki/Brazilia" title="Brazilia">Brazilia</a>; aceste izvoare termale sunt utilizate în tratamentul unor categorii de <a href="/wiki/Boal%C4%83" title="Boală">boli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Totuși, se pot remarca ape termale cu conținut de brom și iod și în Europa, ca de exemplu în zona orașelor <a href="/wiki/Budapesta" title="Budapesta">Budapesta</a> și <a href="/wiki/Hajd%C3%BAszoboszl%C3%B3" title="Hajdúszoboszló">Hajdúszoboszló</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ape_termale_ungaria_hajduszoboslo_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ape_termale_ungaria_hajduszoboslo-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Resurse de ape termale conținând brom se mai găsesc în zona orașului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salsomaggiore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salsomaggiore — pagină inexistentă">Salsomaggiore</a> Terme din Italia, situat la 32 <a href="/wiki/Kilometru" title="Kilometru">km</a> de <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>. Izvoarele de aici reprezintă surse abundente de ape termale bogate și în iod respectiv alte săruri, datate la milioane de ani. Aceste ape termale sunt <span class="citationNeeded skin-invert">hipertonice și reci</span><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită citare</i></a>]</span></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16584850">.mw-parser-output .citationNeeded{background-color:#ffeaea;color:#444444}</style>, fiind extrase din puțuri adânci de 800-1200 de metri. Izvoarele de la Salsomaggiore sunt valorificate în tratamentele balneare ale unor afecțiuni cronice artro-reumatice, ginecologice și vasculare.<sup id="cite_ref-ape_termale_din_salsomaggiore_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ape_termale_din_salsomaggiore-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a>, printre apele termale având conținut de brom, se remarcă <i>Băile Termale <a href="/wiki/Ac%C3%A2%C8%99,_Satu_Mare" title="Acâș, Satu Mare">Acâș</a></i> din județul <a href="/wiki/Satu_Mare" title="Satu Mare">Satu Mare</a>. Aceste ape conțin brom, iod și alte <a href="/wiki/Sare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sare">săruri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acas_satumare_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acas_satumare-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>În alimente și băuturi</b>, în cantități foarte mici, bromul se găsește în <a href="/wiki/Fruct" title="Fruct">fructe</a> și <a href="/wiki/Legum%C4%83" title="Legumă">legume</a> ca <a href="/wiki/Ananas" title="Ananas">ananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%83r" title="Măr">măr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strugure" title="Strugure">strugure</a>, frăguțe, <a href="/wiki/Pepene_galben" title="Pepene galben">pepene galben</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usturoi" title="Usturoi">usturoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sparanghel" title="Sparanghel">sparanghel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morcov" title="Morcov">morcov</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aelin%C4%83" title="Țelină">țelină</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varz%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Varză">varză</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceap%C4%83" title="Ceapă">ceapă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praz" title="Praz">praz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ridiche" title="Ridiche">ridiche</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99ie" title="Roșie">roșie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În plus, bromul mai este prezent în băuturile acidulate, prezentând un mare pericol pentru consumator. De obicei, compuși ai bromului se adaugă în aceste băuturi cu scopul de a mări persistența aromei. Bromul mai intră în componența băuturilor acidulate deoarece mai poate acționa ca un potențiator de aromă sau conservant.<sup id="cite_ref-ehow_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehow-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Datorită faptului că bromul se găsește în mare, un procent infim de brom se găsește și în <a href="/wiki/Pe%C8%99te" title="Pește">pește</a>. Însă, în aceste foarte mici cantități nu poate fi dăunător omului.<sup id="cite_ref-ehow_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehow-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specialiștii au descoperit un exces de brom în <a href="/wiki/Varz%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Varză">varza</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">chinezească</a> (numită și <i>shungiku</i>) și în <a href="/wiki/Ceap%C4%83" title="Ceapă">ceapa</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">englezească</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-x-ray_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x-ray-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alte <a href="/wiki/Aliment" title="Aliment">alimente</a> cu conținut de brom (cu cantități infime, bineînțeles): <a href="/wiki/Spanac" title="Spanac">spanac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salat%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Salată">salată</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83trunjel" title="Pătrunjel">pătrunjel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceai" title="Ceai">ceai</a> și, în fine, <a href="/wiki/Coriandru" title="Coriandru">coriandru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-x-ray_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x-ray-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparare">Preparare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Preparare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Preparare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Brom_amp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Brom_amp.jpg/150px-Brom_amp.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Brom_amp.jpg/225px-Brom_amp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Brom_amp.jpg/300px-Brom_amp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Brom lichid cu vapori în fiolă</figcaption></figure> <p>Bromul se obține, de obicei, prin oxidarea acidului bromhidric, dar și prin <a href="/wiki/Electroliz%C4%83" title="Electroliză">electroliza</a> bromurilor (cu degajare de brom la catod), sau prin acțiunea <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorului</a> asupra <a href="/wiki/Solu%C8%9Bie" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluție">soluțiilor</a> de bromuri <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalice</a>, după reacția: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2MBr+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2MCl+Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2MBr+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2MCl+Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9bee951b6f0fe32d44c5f0d83184f0758abab8f6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:27.754ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2MBr+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2MCl+Br_{2}} }"></span> </p><p>Bromul în stare elementară se obține după metoda generală a preparării <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogenilor</a>, prin oxidarea ionului de brom electronegativ: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Br^{-}-2e^{-}\rightarrow Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Br^{-}-2e^{-}\rightarrow Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92b700c838a34b5c574ad557ef1991f6714f0e53" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.002ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Br^{-}-2e^{-}\rightarrow Br_{2}} }"></span> </p><p>Oxidarea se produce mai ușor ca la <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a>, deoarece electronul ce completează octetul este mai labil și poate fi realizată prin intermediul oxidării anodice. </p><p><b>Metode de obținere</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Obținerea bromului prin oxidarea bromurilor</b> <ul><li><b>Cu ajutorul clorului</b>:se poate face cu <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a> gazos sau cu apă de <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a>. De exemplu, la oxidarea <a href="/wiki/Bromur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Bromură de potasiu">bromurii de potasiu</a> se observă nuanța brună dată de bromul elementar.</li> <li><b>Cu ajutorul <a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuric" title="Acid sulfuric">acidului sulfuric</a>, în prezența <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_mangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioxid de mangan">dioxidului de mangan</a></b>; are loc după reacția:</li></ul></li></ul> <ol><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2KBr+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 2HBr+K_{2}SO_{4}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2KBr+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 2HBr+K_{2}SO_{4}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a80137fb3f68edc353e731f611ac05f045781687" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:34.255ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2KBr+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 2HBr+K_{2}SO_{4}} }"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+MnO_{2}+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow MnSO_{4}+2H_{2}O+Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+MnO_{2}+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow MnSO_{4}+2H_{2}O+Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2365b7cb8f1f7b377ddc861fb27e0254e276d13e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:50.634ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+MnO_{2}+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow MnSO_{4}+2H_{2}O+Br_{2}} }"></span></li></ol> <dl><dd>Aceasta este metoda cea mai frecvent utilizată în laborator; bromul se prepară tratând o bromură cu acid sulfuric în prezența unui oxidant energic, de obicei dioxid de mangan. Reacția de obținere a bromului molecular are loc într un balon de sticlă în care se introduce bromură de potasiu (sau de sodiu) și dioxid de mangan, iar cu ajutorul unei pâlnii se toarnă acid sulfuric (2:1). Prin încălzirea balonului, vaporii de brom rezultați se trec printr un tub de formă U, răcit cu amestec de apă și gheață, în care se condensează. Vaporii necondensați sunt opriți de o soluție de hidroxid de sodiu.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Obținerea bromului prin tratarea bromurilor cu <a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuric" title="Acid sulfuric">vitriol</a> concentrat:se face după reacția:</li></ul> <ol><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2KBr+2H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 2HBr+KHSO_{4}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2KBr+2H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 2HBr+KHSO_{4}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d501545d2f3b6f61aea6ce9139ed040ca4302fcd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:36.106ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2KBr+2H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 2HBr+KHSO_{4}} }"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow SO_{2}+2H_{2}O+Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow SO_{2}+2H_{2}O+Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9698274144e0b56a8584eca4adacfb2697790a22" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:38.084ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow SO_{2}+2H_{2}O+Br_{2}} }"></span></li></ol> <p>-Acidul bromhidric, rezultat prin reacția 1), datorită caracterului reducător, reduce <a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuric" title="Acid sulfuric">acidul sulfuric</a> la <a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuros" title="Acid sulfuros">acid sulfuros</a>. Acesta din urmă se descompune în <a href="/wiki/Bioxid_de_sulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioxid de sulf">bioxid de sulf</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> ca în reacția 2). </p> <ul><li>Obținerea bromului prin tratarea amestecului de bromură și bromat cu <a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuric" title="Acid sulfuric">vitriol</a>:se face după reacția:</li></ul> <ol><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {5KBr+KBrO_{3}+3H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 3H_{2}SO_{4}+5HBr+HBrO_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {5KBr+KBrO_{3}+3H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 3H_{2}SO_{4}+5HBr+HBrO_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffef3a7953a2685b3c321a60ede232ea37bcc86d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:56.586ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {5KBr+KBrO_{3}+3H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 3H_{2}SO_{4}+5HBr+HBrO_{3}} }"></span></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {5HBr+HBrO_{3}\rightarrow 3H_{2}O+3Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {5HBr+HBrO_{3}\rightarrow 3H_{2}O+3Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c06827297c68769afedbbf16fd0e7ca0de15d783" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:32.462ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {5HBr+HBrO_{3}\rightarrow 3H_{2}O+3Br_{2}} }"></span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compușii_anorganici_ai_bromului"><span id="Compu.C8.99ii_anorganici_ai_bromului"></span>Compușii anorganici ai bromului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compușii anorganici ai bromului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Compușii anorganici ai bromului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bromul formează combinații anorganice în care se manifestă stări de oxidare negativă (-1) și pozitive (+1,+3, +5). Dintre combinațiile bromului, cele mai importante sunt acidul bromhidric și sărurile acestuia denumite generic <i>bromuri</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bromine_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bromine_water.jpg/130px-Bromine_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bromine_water.jpg/195px-Bromine_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bromine_water.jpg/260px-Bromine_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>O sticlă de reactivi cu <i>apă de brom</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Un foarte important compus anorganic al bromului este <i>apa de brom</i>. Apa de brom este o soluție apoasă de brom, de <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoare</a> brună. Are utilizări foarte importante, printre care se numără și faptul că este antidot pentru <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_sulfurat" title="Hidrogen sulfurat">hidrogenul sulfurat</a>, H<sub>2</sub>S. O altă utilizare a apei de brom este în analiza <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimică</a> a compușilor nesaturați.<sup id="cite_ref-curschimie_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curschimie-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bromurile">Bromurile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bromurile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bromurile"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bromurile alcaline combinate cu bromul elementar (gaz sau <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> de brom) au ca produs de reacție polibromuri. Ionul de Br<sup>-</sup> este incolor, iar ionul de Br<small>3</small><sup>-</sup> este colorat în brun, asemănător moleculei diatomice de brom. </p><p>Formează și bromuri covalente cu carbonul, borul, azotul, fosforul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compuși_interhalogenici"><span id="Compu.C8.99i_interhalogenici"></span>Compuși interhalogenici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compuși interhalogenici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Compuși interhalogenici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La fel ca celelalte elemente halogene, bromul formează cu ceilalți halogeni combinații binare sau ternare. Bromul poate forma asemenea compuși mai ales cu fluorul dar și cu iodul și clorul. Aceste combinații sunt de tipul <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrZ_{n}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrZ_{n}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2087f35c8185658570309e70e86ea0155ae45736" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:3.719ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrZ_{n}} }"></span>, în care <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {n} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {n} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b848199c2369b21b04448b919f8864dd70756355" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.914ex; height:1.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {n} }"></span> este un număr impar și <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Y} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Y} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fe4aeb68191e766d83a8dcbacd4732b9c7da4be" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.233ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {Y} }"></span> reprezintă halogenul mai ușor decât bromul (când <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {n} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {n} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b848199c2369b21b04448b919f8864dd70756355" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.914ex; height:1.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {n} }"></span> este mai mare decât 1). Ele se formează, de regulă, prin reacția directă dintre brom și un alt halogen, în tub de nichel iar compoziția produsului depinde de condițiile de temperatură și presiune. Cei mai cunoscuți compuși interhalogenici ai bromului sunt <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4210536d961e59993b90b0d36e86b0bd55448ac1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.881ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF} }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e3150e0bba753f9261016e9f4a6104f8666db94" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.713ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF_{3}} }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF_{5}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF_{5}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/66d14b0d6c6d215616e40dd5dfcbf646be81a1e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.713ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrF_{5}} }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrCl} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrCl} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f119ff80b1682062bd146b9bfba8367a96426962" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.452ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {BrCl} }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {IBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {IBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/37a41e06beaef015705652f42e690b360e9ac36a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.402ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {IBr} }"></span>. Din punct de vedere chimic, aceste combinații sunt reactive. Ele sunt oxidanți și reacționează cu majoritatea elementelor dând amestecuri de halogenuri. În general, proprietățile fizice ale acestor combinații sunt intermediare între cel al bromului și al celuilalt element halogen din compoziția compusului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combinațiile_oxigenate_ale_bromului"><span id="Combina.C8.9Biile_oxigenate_ale_bromului"></span>Combinațiile oxigenate ale bromului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Combinațiile oxigenate ale bromului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Combinațiile oxigenate ale bromului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Valența</th> <th>+1</th> <th>+4</th> <th>+5</th> <th>-1 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Oxidul</td> <td>Br<small>2</small>O</td> <td>BrO<small>2</small></td> <td>-</td> <td>Br<small>3</small>O<small>4</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Acidul</td> <td>HBrO</td> <td>-</td> <td>HBrO<small>3</small></td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Combinațiile oxigenate ale bromului sunt mai greu de preparat decât cele ale <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorului</a> și totodată sunt mai nestabile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acidul_bromhidric">Acidul bromhidric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acidul bromhidric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Acidul bromhidric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Acid_bromhidric" title="Acid bromhidric">Acid bromhidric</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Formula chimică a <b>acidului bromhidric</b> este <b><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ef56f83360d67d7559bff47cd971a72da7dac249" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.041ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HBr} }"></span></b>. În condiții normale de <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">temperatură</a> și <a href="/wiki/Presiune" title="Presiune">presiune</a>, acidul bromhidric este un <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a> incolor, ce fumegă în <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a>, cu miros înțepător (atacă violent mucoasele organelor respiratorii), solubil în apă (1 vol. apă dizolvă 600 vol. acid bromhidric la 0°<a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">C</a>). <a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">Densitatea</a> acidului bromhidric este de 2,529 gcm<sup>−3</sup>, la 0°<a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">C</a>. Soluția lui în apă este puternic acidă. Cu unele metale sau cu oxizi sau hidroxizi de metale dă reacții similare <a href="/wiki/Acid_clorhidric" title="Acid clorhidric">acidului clorhidric</a>. Oxidanți energici, ca <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {MnO_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {MnO_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f71dce1d9c1c094549efe81974748a20f560984" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:4.531ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {MnO_{2}} }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {H_{2}SO_{4}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {H_{2}SO_{4}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/040be6ad5505eaa1b3b961f548321f96aa6e4205" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.088ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {H_{2}SO_{4}} }"></span> concentrat, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HNO_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HNO_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5978a4bfac2678c9a2f005fbd4433527ff93773" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.575ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {HNO_{3}} }"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CrO_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CrO_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9e2d1cd4dfdd5e7a04e9d8aeb57c8a863636be37" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.941ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathrm {CrO_{3}} }"></span> îl oxidează la brom. Având punctul de fierbere la temperatura de 66,8°<a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">C</a>, acidul bromhidric se poate lichefia foarte ușor, iar punctul de topire este de -89,9°<a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">C</a>. Păstrarea acidului bromhidric se face în sticle de culoare închisă, bine etanșate, la loc rece, deoarece acesta se oxidează mai ușor decât acidul clorhidric punând în libertate atomii de brom. La rece, acidul bromhidric reacționează cu <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)">mercurul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argintul</a>, dând ca produși de reacție <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> și bromurile respective. Acidul bromhidric este folosit pe scară largă pentru prepararea unor bromuri și coloranți sintetici. </p><p>Acidul bromhidric se poate prepara în laborator prin acțiunea acidului sulfuric asupra unei bromuri. Datorită faptului că acidul bromhidric format se oxidează foarte ușor în prezența acidului sulfuric concentrat, pentru obținerea lui în stare pură se preferă metoda prin hidroliza tribromurii de fosfor rezultată ca produs intermediar din fosfor roșu și brom: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2P+3Br_{2}\rightarrow 2PBr_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2P+3Br_{2}\rightarrow 2PBr_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f333a77f8083970604eec426c4c44cda0bcf29e5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.33ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2P+3Br_{2}\rightarrow 2PBr_{3}} }"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {PBr_{3}+3H_{2}O\rightarrow 3HBr+H_{3}PO_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {PBr_{3}+3H_{2}O\rightarrow 3HBr+H_{3}PO_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c346665e289bdd72cc77206284b00ac83fdbe6d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:32.962ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {PBr_{3}+3H_{2}O\rightarrow 3HBr+H_{3}PO_{3}} }"></span> </p><p>Acidul bromhidric mai poate fi obținut printrun proces de sinteză în care se trec vapori de brom și hidrogen, la 200-300° <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>, printr-un tub, peste o sârmă de platină sau peste cărbune activ: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {H_{2}+Br_{2}\rightarrow 2HBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {H_{2}+Br_{2}\rightarrow 2HBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/82bd5f023b7fff629cb0793f73d3737246faf4c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.326ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {H_{2}+Br_{2}\rightarrow 2HBr} }"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anhidrida_hipobromoasă"><span id="Anhidrida_hipobromoas.C4.83"></span>Anhidrida hipobromoasă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Anhidrida hipobromoasă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Anhidrida hipobromoasă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anhidrida hipobromoasă (protoxidul de brom) este combinația bromului cu <a href="/wiki/Formula_chimic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula chimică">formula chimică</a> Br<small>2</small>O. Se prepară prin acțiunea bromului asupra unei suspensii de <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)">Hg</a><a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">O</a> în <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a><a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">Cl</a><small>4</small>. Protoxidul de brom este un <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a> brun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acidul_hipobromos">Acidul hipobromos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acidul hipobromos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Acidul hipobromos"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acidul hipobromos se prepară prin agitarea unei suspensii de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_de_mercur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid de mercur — pagină inexistentă">oxid de mercur</a> (HgO) sau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_de_argint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid de argint — pagină inexistentă">oxid de argint</a> (Ag<sub>2</sub>O) în apa de brom; concentrația acidului hipobromos obținut este de aproximativ 6%. Prepararea acidului hipobromos se face după reacția: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HgO+2Br_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow O-Hg-Br-Hg-Br+2HBrO} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HgO+2Br_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow O-Hg-Br-Hg-Br+2HBrO} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6b9e49878004c2a51f9b036268f49cdc3996f96a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:58.757ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HgO+2Br_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow O-Hg-Br-Hg-Br+2HBrO} }"></span> </p><p>O altă metodă de preparare a acidului hipobromos poate rezulta prin dizolvarea <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimică</a> a bromului în <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> distilată, după reacția de <a href="/wiki/Dispropor%C8%9Bionare" title="Disproporționare">disproporționare</a>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+HOH\rightarrow HBrO+HBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+HOH\rightarrow HBrO+HBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/545a9a6473c73605b784358c84f01ada6052315a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:28.609ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+HOH\rightarrow HBrO+HBr} }"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proprietățile_acidului_hipobromos"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bile_acidului_hipobromos"></span>Proprietățile acidului hipobromos</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietățile acidului hipobromos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietățile acidului hipobromos"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">Acidul</a> hipobromos se găsește sub formă de <a href="/wiki/Solu%C8%9Bie" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluție">soluție</a> de <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoare</a> <a href="/wiki/Galben" title="Galben">galbenă</a>, stabil, până la o concentrație de 6%. Acesta este mai instabil de cât <a href="/wiki/Acid_hipocloros" title="Acid hipocloros">acidul hipocloros</a> și se descompune la 30° <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>. Este oxidant și bromurant, punând în libertate brom în combinație cu <a href="/wiki/Acid_bromhidric" title="Acid bromhidric">acidul bromhidric</a>. Sărurile acestui acid sunt hipobromiții, care se obțin prin introducerea bromului, la <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">temperatură</a> scăzută, în <a href="/wiki/Hidroxid" title="Hidroxid">hidroxizi</a> <a href="/wiki/Alcali" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcali">alcalini</a>. Datorită instabilității, hipobromiții se descompun la o ușoară încălzire în bromați și bromură. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acidul_bromic"><a href="/wiki/Acid_bromic" title="Acid bromic">Acidul bromic</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acidul bromic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Acidul bromic"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bromații"><span id="Broma.C8.9Bii"></span>Bromații</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bromații" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Bromații"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bromi%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromi%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD.JPG/200px-Bromi%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromi%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD.JPG/300px-Bromi%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bromi%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD.JPG/400px-Bromi%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Bromat de sodiu</figcaption></figure> <p>Bromații se prepară prin acțiunea hidroxizilor alcalini la cald cu brom (analog preparării cloraților) după reacția chimică: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+6KOH+3Cl_{2}\rightarrow KBrO_{3}+6KCl+3H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+6KOH+3Cl_{2}\rightarrow KBrO_{3}+6KCl+3H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eace5fc8c88ef571a139dc473b639423906c0e02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:48.696ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+6KOH+3Cl_{2}\rightarrow KBrO_{3}+6KCl+3H_{2}O} }"></span> </p><p>Și de la HBrO<small>3</small> cu <a href="/wiki/Hidroxid" title="Hidroxid">hidroxizii</a>, prin reacții de neutralizare se obțin bromați. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proprietățile_bromaților"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bile_broma.C8.9Bilor"></span>Proprietățile bromaților</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietățile bromaților" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietățile bromaților"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prin încălzire, bromații cedează <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a>. După comportamentul pe care îl la încălzire, bromații se împart în trei categorii: </p> <ol><li>Bromații care, descompuși termic, trec în bromuri și <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a>: bromatul de <a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu">potasiu</a>, bromatul de <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argint</a>, bromatul de <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)">mercur</a>, etc.</li> <li>Bromații care, descompuși termic, trec în oxidul <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalului</a> respectiv, <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a> și brom: bromatul de <a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu">magneziu</a>, bromatul de <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, bromatul de <a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">aluminiu</a>, etc.</li> <li>Bromații care, descompuși termic, trec în bromură, brom, <a href="/wiki/Oxid" title="Oxid">oxidul</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalului</a> și <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a>: bromatul de <a href="/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru">cupru</a> și bromatul de <a href="/wiki/Plumb" title="Plumb">plumb</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alte_caracteristici">Alte caracteristici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alte caracteristici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Alte caracteristici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compușii anorganici ai bromului sunt formați pe baza unor stări de oxidare, de la -1 la +7. Bromul este un puternic oxidant, și poate oxida ionul de iodură în <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iod</a>, reducându-se, în același timp, pe sine: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+2I^{-}\rightarrow 2Br^{-}+I_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+2I^{-}\rightarrow 2Br^{-}+I_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6223e36b366b599bdb29c05b7a07cf3d9f3b1d32" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:23.543ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+2I^{-}\rightarrow 2Br^{-}+I_{2}} }"></span> </p><p>Bromul mai este, de asemenea, oxidant în prezența <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalelor</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaloizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaloizi — pagină inexistentă">metaloizilor</a>, pentru a putea forma bromuri. Bromurile anhidre sunt mai slab reactive, în timp de bromurile hidratate sunt mai reactive. Bromul uscat poate reacționa viguros cu <a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">aluminiul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan">Titanul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)">mercurul</a>, la fel ca și <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalele</a> alcaline Bromul dizolvat în soluții alcaline poate da o mixtură de bromură sau hipobromură: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+2OH^{-}\rightarrow Br^{-}+OBr^{-}+H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+2OH^{-}\rightarrow Br^{-}+OBr^{-}+H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03a20ec89d4ad07fa7bc60b8d1b81eac51cecdd8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:36.521ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Br_{2}+2OH^{-}\rightarrow Br^{-}+OBr^{-}+H_{2}O} }"></span><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compușii_organici_ai_bromului"><span id="Compu.C8.99ii_organici_ai_bromului"></span>Compușii organici ai bromului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Compușii organici ai bromului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Compușii organici ai bromului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Tyrian-Purple.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Tyrian-Purple.svg/300px-Tyrian-Purple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Tyrian-Purple.svg/450px-Tyrian-Purple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Tyrian-Purple.svg/600px-Tyrian-Purple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Prin bromurarea indigoului rezultă o serie de compuși divers colorați, în funcție de pozițiile de substituire cu brom. Cel mai important este 6,6<sup>'</sup>dibrom indigoul</figcaption></figure> <p>O mare importanță în <a href="/wiki/Istorie" title="Istorie">istorie</a> a avut-o <a href="/wiki/Purpur%C4%83" title="Purpură">purpura</a>, sau <i>Purpura Tyriană</i> (Vezi <i>Istoricul Bromului</i>), un compus violaceul de brom (în imagine, <a href="/wiki/Melc" title="Melc">melcul</a> din care se extrage-<i>Murex</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O mare parte dintre compușii organici ai bromului (incluzând și organobromine) sunt produși pe cale sintetică. Printre cei mai importanți compuși organici ai bromului se numără organo-bromurile și brom-aromaticele, dar și policlorodibenzoxinele polibromurate și dibenzofuranii. Aceștia sunt utilizați, printre altele, ca solvenți, agenți de refigerare, <a href="/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid">lichide</a> hidraulice, <a href="/wiki/Pesticid" title="Pesticid">pesticide</a>, substanțe ignifuge (sunt folosiți polibrominați difenil-eteri) sau la <a href="/wiki/Medicament" title="Medicament">medicamente</a>. Din păcate, ele au impact poluant asupra mediului înconjurător, nefiind utilzate intens în industrie. Cel mai comun compus de acest fel este ce provine din natură este brom-<a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metanul</a>. O varietate mare de compuși minori organobromici se găsesc în <a href="/wiki/Natur%C4%83" title="Natură">natură</a>, dar nici unul dintre ei nu este biosintetizat, fără să constituie o nevoie în hrana <a href="/wiki/Mamifer" title="Mamifer">mamiferelor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proprietățile_compușilor_organo-bromici"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bile_compu.C8.99ilor_organo-bromici"></span>Proprietățile compușilor organo-bromici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietățile compușilor organo-bromici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietățile compușilor organo-bromici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Majoritatea <a href="/wiki/Compus_organic" title="Compus organic">compușilor organo</a>-bromici, ca de exemplu, majoritatea organohalidelor , sunt relativ nepolari. Bromul este cu mult mai <a href="/wiki/Electronegativitate" title="Electronegativitate">electronegativ</a> decât <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbonul</a> (2,8 față de 2,5). Reactivitatea compușilor seamănă și este intermediară cu reactivitatea compușilor organo-clorici, respectiv organo-iodici. Pentru majoritatea aplicațiilor, compușii organo-bromici reprezintă un compromis, deoarece costă mult. Principalele reacții ale acestor compuși sunt: <i>dehidrobrominarea</i>, <i>reacțiile Grignard</i>, <i>cuplarea reductivă</i> și <i>substituția nucleofilică</i> <sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspecte_de_sănătate_și_securitate"><span id="Aspecte_de_s.C4.83n.C4.83tate_.C8.99i_securitate"></span>Aspecte de sănătate și securitate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aspecte de sănătate și securitate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Aspecte de sănătate și securitate"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pericol">Pericol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifică secțiunea: Pericol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Pericol"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hazard_N.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hazard_N.svg/70px-Hazard_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hazard_N.svg/105px-Hazard_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hazard_N.svg/140px-Hazard_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hazard_T.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/70px-Hazard_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/105px-Hazard_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/140px-Hazard_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hazard_C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/70px-Hazard_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/105px-Hazard_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/140px-Hazard_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Bromul este foarte toxic, caustic și dăunător mediului. Bromul lichid este foarte periculos pentru om, mai ales în cazul inhalării <a href="/wiki/Vapor" title="Vapor">vaporilor</a>, dar și în cazul ajungerii pe suprafața pielii. Prin alimente și apa potabilă oamenii pot absorbi doze mari de bromuri anorganice. Aceste bromuri pot afecta sistemul nervos și glanda tiroide. În plus, pe lângă faptul că este toxic pentru om și caustic, bromul este dăunător mediului înconjurător. Ultimele studii făcute de către cercetători au afirmat faptul că bromul se găsește în cantități mici în unele <a href="/wiki/Aliment" title="Aliment">alimente</a>, mai ales într-o anumită specie de <a href="/wiki/Pe%C8%99te" title="Pește">pește</a>. Mai ales, un compus al bromului, denumit <b>PBDE</b>, a început să fie folosit cu abundență, mai ales în Statele Unite, care este, de altfel, cel mai mare producător al acestui compus, ce este folosit în echipamentul electronic și în mobilă. Americanii conțin de zece sau până la douăzeci de ori mai mult PBDE în <a href="/wiki/Corp" class="mw-disambig" title="Corp">corp</a> decât europenii, iar europenii au de două ori mai mult PBDE în <a href="/wiki/Corp" class="mw-disambig" title="Corp">corp</a> decât <a href="/wiki/Japonezi" title="Japonezi">japonezii</a>. Însă, spun cercetătorii, această cantitate consumată de către <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">oameni</a> nu este destul de mare încât să producă vreo deteriorare acestuia.<sup id="cite_ref-brkristawest_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brkristawest-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bromurile de sinteză, administrate pe cale internă, sunt sedative anafrodisiace. Bromul se elimină din organism prin intermediul transpirației.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Datorită pericolului foarte mare pe care îl constituie bromul, majoritatea experimentelor din <a href="/wiki/Laborator" title="Laborator">laboratorul</a> de <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimie</a> ce reprezintă și folosirea bromului se vor efectua sub nișă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efecte_cauzate_de_ingerare">Efecte cauzate de ingerare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifică secțiunea: Efecte cauzate de ingerare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Efecte cauzate de ingerare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bromul conferă un efect halucinogen în cazul ingerării a unor mici particule, sau, pentru unii oameni, poate apărea sub forma unor iritații ale pielii. </p><p>Bromul este coroziv pentru țesuturile umane în stare lichidă, iar <a href="/wiki/Vapori" title="Vapori">vaporii</a> săi pot irita ochii și gâtul, afectându-i. Vaporii sunt foarte toxici în cazul inhalării, având un miros neplăcut. </p><p>Bromurile organice pot, de asemenea, să deterioreze anumite organe ca <a href="/wiki/Ficat" title="Ficat">ficatul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rinichi" title="Rinichi">rinichii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83m%C3%A2n" title="Plămân">plămânii</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Splin%C4%83" title="Splină">splina</a> și pot cauza defecțiuni gastro<a href="/wiki/Intestin" class="mw-disambig" title="Intestin">intestinale</a> și la <a href="/wiki/Stomac" title="Stomac">stomac</a>, putând să cauzeze, eventual, chiar și <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>. </p><p>Ca și <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iodul</a>, ingerarea bromului mai poate cauza mari defecțiuni asupra <a href="/wiki/Tiroid%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiroidă">glandei tiroide</a> și asupra sistemului nervos.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Folosirea abuzivă și de timp îndelungat a <a href="/wiki/Medicament" title="Medicament">medicamentelor</a> pe bază de <a href="/wiki/Sare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sare">săruri</a> de brom poate duce la tulburări datorate faptului că bromul poate înlocui <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorul</a> din organism (după <i>Curran</i>),<span class="citationNeeded skin-invert"></span><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită citare</i></a>]</span></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16584850"> efectele apărând la 4 săptămâni de la utilizare. Termenul psihiatric care desemnează această dependență este <i>bromism</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manifestări"><span id="Manifest.C4.83ri"></span>Manifestări</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifică secțiunea: Manifestări" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Manifestări"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La 6 luni de la începutul consumului de <a href="/wiki/Medicament" title="Medicament">medicamente</a> pe bază de săruri de brom apar manifestări de oboseală, apatie și indiferență, dismnezie, hipoprosexie sau <a href="/wiki/Insomnie" title="Insomnie">insomnie</a>. Alte efecte sunt pielea uscată, rărirea <a href="/wiki/Acnee" title="Acnee">acneei</a>, limba saburală (cu aspect alb-gălbui). La femei se instalează tulburări de ciclu menstrual, iar la bărbați, <a href="/wiki/Impoten%C8%9B%C4%83_sexual%C4%83" title="Impotență sexuală">impotența sexuală</a>. Simptomele neurologice sunt ataxia, tremurăturile fine ale limbii și a degetelor, abolirea reflexului pupilar la lumină etc. În plus, odată cu intensificarea bromismului, <a href="/wiki/Bolnav" title="Bolnav">bolnavul</a> devine grosolan și indolent.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Păstrare"><span id="P.C4.83strare"></span>Păstrare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifică secțiunea: Păstrare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Păstrare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bromul lichid se păstrează la o <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">temperatură</a> scăzută, într-un recipient închis cu dop sau capac. Având în vedere prețul foarte ridicat al acestui <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">element</a>, se recomandă reciclarea acestuia și în niciun caz aruncarea sa. În laborator, bromul trebuie ținut departe de <a href="/wiki/Aceton%C4%83" title="Acetonă">acetonă</a> (CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>), deoarece aceste două substanțe pot reacționa, formând <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromacetona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromacetona — pagină inexistentă">bromacetona</a>, un potențial agent lacrimogen.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Datorită faptului că bromul reacționează și cu <a href="/wiki/Substan%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Substanță">substanțele</a> organice, acesta nu trebuie păstrat într-un recipient cu capac de plută sau <a href="/wiki/Cauciuc" title="Cauciuc">cauciuc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Experimentele care constau în reacții dintre brom și alte <a href="/wiki/Substan%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Substanță">substanțe</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Elemente" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Elemente">elementee</a> trebuie neapărat realizate sub nișă.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pericol_pentru_natură"><span id="Pericol_pentru_natur.C4.83"></span>Pericol pentru natură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifică secțiunea: Pericol pentru natură" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Pericol pentru natură"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Degradarea_stratului_de_ozon_deasupra_Antarcticii">Degradarea stratului de <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a> deasupra <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarcticii</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifică secțiunea: Degradarea stratului de ozon deasupra Antarcticii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Degradarea stratului de ozon deasupra Antarcticii"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intensitatea <a href="/wiki/Albastru" title="Albastru">albastrului</a> din imagine reprezintă severitatea degradării stratului de <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a> deasupra <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarcticii</a> în septembrie <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>. <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a> cu atom, bromul este de 40 până la 100 de ori mai distructiv pentru stratul de ozon decât atomii <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorului</a>. Cea mai distrugătoare sursă de brom este metil-bromul, care acționează ca un fumigen. Aproximativ 30% din bromul prezent în <a href="/wiki/Atmosfer%C4%83" title="Atmosferă">atmosferă</a> provine din activitățile <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">omului</a>, iar restul din natură.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incidente_toxicologice">Incidente toxicologice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modifică secțiunea: Incidente toxicologice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Incidente toxicologice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În luna septembrie <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>, un uriaș <a href="/wiki/Nor" title="Nor">nor</a> de <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a> <a href="/wiki/Toxic" class="mw-disambig" title="Toxic">toxic</a> a făcut <a href="/wiki/Aer" title="Aer">aerul</a> irespirabil în orașul <a href="/wiki/Celiabinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Celiabinsk">Celiabinsk</a> din <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. Incidentul a avut loc în urma unei scurgeri de brom <a href="/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid">lichid</a> în <a href="/wiki/Gar%C4%83" title="Gară">gara</a> din <a href="/wiki/Ora%C8%99" title="Oraș">orașul</a> cu pricina. Norul <a href="/wiki/Toxic" class="mw-disambig" title="Toxic">toxic</a> s-a împrăștiat pe o distanță de <a href="/wiki/20" title="20">20</a> de <a href="/wiki/Kilometru" title="Kilometru">kilometri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizări"><span id="Utiliz.C4.83ri"></span>Utilizări</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizări" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizări"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bromul se folosește la fabricarea unor coloranți, la prepararea unor <a href="/wiki/Medicament" title="Medicament">medicamente</a>, iar sarea <i>bromură de argint'</i> este folosită (împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Iodur%C4%83_de_argint" title="Iodură de argint">iodura de argint</a>) la fabricarea plăcilor, filmelor și <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A2rtie" title="Hârtie">hârtiei</a> fotografice (la prepararea materialului fotosensibil). Sub acțiunea luminii, AgBr și AgCl se descompun în <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">argint</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalic</a> și <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a> liber; această proprietate este folosită în <a href="/wiki/Fotografie" title="Fotografie">fotografie</a>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2AgCl\rightarrow 2Ag+Cl_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2AgCl\rightarrow 2Ag+Cl_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8588752e62728b3120ecdea30775e8b96aaa500" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.295ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2AgCl\rightarrow 2Ag+Cl_{2}} }"></span> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2AgBr\rightarrow 2Ag+Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2AgBr\rightarrow 2Ag+Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e3d014e05b3cd4294d97fd705fcbc9aff5625618" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.759ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2AgBr\rightarrow 2Ag+Br_{2}} }"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilizări_medicale"><span id="Utiliz.C4.83ri_medicale"></span>Utilizări medicale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizări medicale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizări medicale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compușii bromului (ca de exemplu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromura_de_potasiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromura de potasiu — pagină inexistentă">bromura de potasiu</a>) sunt folosiți în medicină în special pentru sedative în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolele XIX</a> și <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XX-lea" title="Secolul al XX-lea">XX</a>. Bromurile în forma simplă de <a href="/wiki/Sare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sare">sare</a> sunt încă folosite ca anticonvulsive, fiind anafrodisiace, deși, la început, utilizările lor erau variate și nedeterminate de la <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aar%C4%83" title="Țară">țară</a> la <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aar%C4%83" title="Țară">țară</a>. De exemplu, <b>U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</b> (Administrația medicamentelor și a mâncării Statele Unite) nu aprobă bromurile pentru tratamentul oricărei boli, fiind scoase de pe piață sedative ca <i>Bromo-Seltzer</i> (<a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesticide">Pesticide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modifică secțiunea: Pesticide" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Pesticide"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bromomethane-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bromomethane-3D-vdW.png/150px-Bromomethane-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bromomethane-3D-vdW.png/225px-Bromomethane-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Bromomethane-3D-vdW.png/300px-Bromomethane-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="981" /></a><figcaption>Bromura de metil</figcaption></figure> <p>Bromurile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organic — pagină inexistentă">organice</a> sunt utilizate pe scară largă ca spray-uri pentru a ucide <a href="/wiki/Insect%C4%83" title="Insectă">insecte</a> și a altor dăunători nedoriți. În același timp, unele dintre aceste pesticide sunt periculoase și pentru om. Bromura de metil (poțiune otrăvitoare) este utilizată pe scară largă în pesticide pentru afânarea solului. Aceeași utilizare o are și <a href="/wiki/Etilen%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilenă">etilena</a>. Acești compuși organici ai bromului sunt în acest moment reglementați de către agentul de stricare a <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozonului</a>, ce cauzează stricarea stratului de <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a> din preajma <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarcticii</a>. <i>The Montreal Protocol on Substances</i> a permis folosirea substanțelor care distrug stratul de <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozon</a> până în <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>, iar, după aceea, organo-bromurile pesticide nu au mai fost folosite, fiind înlocuite cu pesticide ca fluorura sulfurată; potrivit protocolului de la <a href="/wiki/Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> din <a href="/wiki/An" title="An">anul</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>, s-a estimat că 35000 de <a href="/wiki/Ton%C4%83" title="Tonă">tone</a> au fost folosite pentru a opri dezvoltarea nematodelor, <a href="/wiki/Ciuperc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciupercă">ciupercilor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buruian%C4%83" title="Buruiană">buruienilor</a> și alte așa-zise <i>boli ale pământului</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piscine">Piscine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modifică secțiunea: Piscine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Piscine"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La fel ca și <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorul</a>, bromul este un foarte puternic și bun <a href="/wiki/Dezinfectant" class="mw-redirect" title="Dezinfectant">dezinfectant</a> la <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> ridicat. Totuși, fiind lipsit de efecte iritante, bromul este mult mai scump decât <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorul</a>, dar și purifică <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apa</a> imediat, distrugând <a href="/wiki/Bacterie" title="Bacterie">bacteriile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virușii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciuperc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciupercă">ciupercile</a> și deșeurile organice aduse de către înotători sau din mediul natural. Bromul este, de asemenea, un <a href="/wiki/Algicid" title="Algicid">algicid</a> (distruge <a href="/wiki/Alg%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Algă">algele</a>). În utilizarea sa pentru a dezinfecta piscinele, bromul poate fi folosit împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clorul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizări_în_chimie_(reacții)"><span id="Utiliz.C4.83ri_.C3.AEn_chimie_.28reac.C8.9Bii.29"></span>Utilizări în chimie (reacții)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizări în chimie (reacții)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizări în chimie (reacții)"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microanaliză"><span id="Microanaliz.C4.83"></span>Microanaliză</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modifică secțiunea: Microanaliză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Microanaliză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Potassium_bromide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Potassium_bromide.jpg/220px-Potassium_bromide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Potassium_bromide.jpg/330px-Potassium_bromide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Potassium_bromide.jpg/440px-Potassium_bromide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Bromură de potasiu</figcaption></figure> <p>Bromul formează <a href="/wiki/Anion" title="Anion">anionii</a>: Br<sup>-</sup>, BrO<sup>-</sup>, BrO<sup>-</sup><sub>3</sub>. Aceștia au <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoarea</a> incoloră, astfel, toate <a href="/wiki/Sare" class="mw-disambig" title="Sare">sărurile</a> care nu au în moleculă un cation colorat sunt incolore (excepție face bromura de argint <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">Ag</a>Br, ce posedă o <a href="/wiki/Culoare" title="Culoare">culoare</a> <a href="/wiki/Galben" title="Galben">galben</a>-pală). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reacțiile_bromului_elementar"><span id="Reac.C8.9Biile_bromului_elementar"></span>Reacțiile bromului elementar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reacțiile bromului elementar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Reacțiile bromului elementar"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dacă se tratează o soluție de <a href="/wiki/Iodur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Iodură de potasiu">iodură de potasiu</a> cu apă de brom în cantități reduse se separă <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iodul</a>, care, într-o <a href="/wiki/Solu%C8%9Bie" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluție">soluție</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sulfur%C4%83_de_carbon" title="Sulfură de carbon">sulfură de carbon</a> colorează soluția în violet. În această reacției, trebuie evitat excesul de apă de brom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reacțiile_acidului_hipobromos"><span id="Reac.C8.9Biile_acidului_hipobromos"></span>Reacțiile acidului hipobromos</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reacțiile acidului hipobromos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Reacțiile acidului hipobromos"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acidul hipobromos reacționează cu <a href="/wiki/Hidroxid" title="Hidroxid">hidroxizii</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalici</a>, ca de exemplu cu <a href="/wiki/Hidroxid_de_fier_(II)" title="Hidroxid de fier (II)">hidroxidul feros</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidroxid_de_mangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidroxid de mangan — pagină inexistentă">hidroxidul manganos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidroxid_de_nichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidroxid de nichel">hidroxidul nichelos</a>, etc. Aceste <a href="/wiki/Baz%C4%83_(chimie)" title="Bază (chimie)">baze</a> se oxidează până la hidroxizii de valență superioară în reacție cu acidul hipobromos, doar în mediu alcalin. De exemplu, pentru hidroxidul feros are loc reacția: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Fe(OH)_{2}+HBrO+H_{2}O\rightarrow 2Fe(OH)_{3}+HBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Fe(OH)_{2}+HBrO+H_{2}O\rightarrow 2Fe(OH)_{3}+HBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/63c374cfe74d6872d23bcb0cfaf976b599a81aab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:47.404ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2Fe(OH)_{2}+HBrO+H_{2}O\rightarrow 2Fe(OH)_{3}+HBr} }"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Acidul_bromhidric_și_bromurile"><span id="Acidul_bromhidric_.C8.99i_bromurile"></span>Acidul bromhidric și bromurile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acidul bromhidric și bromurile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Acidul bromhidric și bromurile"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Una dintre cele mai cunoscute metode de obținere ale acidului bromhidric este prin acțiunea <a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuric" title="Acid sulfuric">acidului sulfuric</a> concentrat la cald asupra <a href="/wiki/Bromur%C4%83" title="Bromură">bromurilor</a>. În urma reacției, în afară de acid bromhidric, se mai obține și un amestec de brom, ce va avea culoarea brună, <a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuros" title="Acid sulfuros">acid sulfuros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> și <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">sulfatul</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalului</a> a cărui bromură a fost descompusă: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {4KBr+3H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow Br_{2}+2HBr+H_{2}SO_{3}+H_{2}O+2K_{2}SO_{4}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {4KBr+3H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow Br_{2}+2HBr+H_{2}SO_{3}+H_{2}O+2K_{2}SO_{4}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97dadada2591c1d8212c855cfe22835459391601" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:60.27ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {4KBr+3H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow Br_{2}+2HBr+H_{2}SO_{3}+H_{2}O+2K_{2}SO_{4}} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Fiind instabil, acidul sulfuros ce a fost obținut se descompune în <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_sulf" title="Dioxid de sulf">dioxid de sulf</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a>. </p><p>Sărurile acidului bromhidric (mai exact bromurile alcaline) reacționează cu anumiți reactivi, de exemplu cu <a href="/wiki/Azotat_de_argint" title="Azotat de argint">azotatul de argint</a>. În urma reacției cu acest azotat se va obține un precipitat de culoare galbenă, cu aspect brânzos, numit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromur%C4%83_de_argint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromură de argint — pagină inexistentă">bromură de argint</a>. Acest precipitat este insolubil în <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> și chiar și în <a href="/wiki/Acid_azotic" title="Acid azotic">acid azotic</a>, deși este solubil în <a href="/wiki/Hidroxid_de_amoniu" title="Hidroxid de amoniu">hidroxid de amoniu</a> și <a href="/wiki/Cianur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Cianură de potasiu">cianură de potasiu</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+AgNO_{3}\rightarrow KNO_{3}+AgBr} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+AgNO_{3}\rightarrow KNO_{3}+AgBr} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cfef63cb94420afde02334f985ab076fabf66e50" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:33.048ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+AgNO_{3}\rightarrow KNO_{3}+AgBr} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Un alt exemplu de reacție al bromurilor este cu apa de clor (un amestec de <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a> și <a href="/wiki/Acid_hipocloros" title="Acid hipocloros">acid hipocloros</a>), care oxidează <a href="/wiki/Anion" title="Anion">anionul</a> de brom la bromul elementar Br<sub>2</sub>, deci se va putea observa apariția coloritului brun-roșiatic: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2KCl+Br_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2KCl+Br_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/548be44d071751d5934ece08d4254a03b49791d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:25.946ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBr+Cl_{2}\rightarrow 2KCl+Br_{2}} }"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+HClO\rightarrow Br_{2}+HCl+H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+HClO\rightarrow Br_{2}+HCl+H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1344443a383d771f017cfdff1f4b785da6ceeaac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:35.759ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2HBr+HClO\rightarrow Br_{2}+HCl+H_{2}O} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>În cazul în care se adaugă un exces de apă de clor, în locul bromului brun se va obține <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclorur%C4%83_de_brom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monoclorură de brom — pagină inexistentă">monoclorura de brom</a> de culoare galbenă deschisă. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Acetat_de_plumb" title="Acetat de plumb">Acetatul de plumb</a> poate precipita bromurile la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromur%C4%83_de_plumb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromură de plumb — pagină inexistentă">bromură de plumb</a> albă, care este solubilă în acid azotic: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pb(CH_{3}COO)_{2}+2KBr\rightarrow PbBr_{2}+2KCH_{3}COO} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">b</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pb(CH_{3}COO)_{2}+2KBr\rightarrow PbBr_{2}+2KCH_{3}COO} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/921fd76f98a67860019ba233c9cfc927379dc4b3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:49.558ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Pb(CH_{3}COO)_{2}+2KBr\rightarrow PbBr_{2}+2KCH_{3}COO} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>În reacția cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azotat_de_mercur_(I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azotat de mercur (I) — pagină inexistentă">azotatul mercuros</a>, bromurile alcaline formează un precipitat galben de bromură mercuroasă greu solubilă în apă: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{2}(NO_{3})_{2}+2KBr\rightarrow Hg_{2}Br_{2}+2KNO_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{2}(NO_{3})_{2}+2KBr\rightarrow Hg_{2}Br_{2}+2KNO_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1450d0fe5102363e84cdff3b1fe88f49b7f44f49" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:41.399ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Hg_{2}(NO_{3})_{2}+2KBr\rightarrow Hg_{2}Br_{2}+2KNO_{3}} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>În cele din urmă, dacă se adaugă o soluție de bromură alcalină acidulată cu acid sulfuric unei soluții de <a href="/wiki/Permanganat_de_potasiu" title="Permanganat de potasiu">permanganatul de potasiu</a> în porțiuni mici se obține brom elementar, sulfat de mangan, sulfatul metalului al cărei bromuri a fost folosite și apă: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {10KBr+2KMnO_{4}+8H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 5Br_{2}+2MnSO_{4}+6K_{2}SO_{4}+8H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {10KBr+2KMnO_{4}+8H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 5Br_{2}+2MnSO_{4}+6K_{2}SO_{4}+8H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d031689bf7aaba7dfd1911d02b4d27f12fa02287" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:69.34ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {10KBr+2KMnO_{4}+8H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 5Br_{2}+2MnSO_{4}+6K_{2}SO_{4}+8H_{2}O} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>După ce are loc reacția, se poate constata decolorarea soluției de permanganat de potasiu, deoarece acidul permanganic violet este redus de acidul bromhidric la <a href="/wiki/Cation" title="Cation">cationul</a> manganos ce este incolor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reacțiile_acidului_bromic"><span id="Reac.C8.9Biile_acidului_bromic"></span>Reacțiile acidului bromic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reacțiile acidului bromic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Reacțiile acidului bromic"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acidul bromic este un acid de tăria acizilor halogenați, stabil în soluție până la 40%. Soluțiile mai concentrate se descompun, în acid perbromos, oxid de brom și apă, după reacția: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {3HBrO_{3}\rightarrow HBrO_{4}+2BrO_{2}+H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {3HBrO_{3}\rightarrow HBrO_{4}+2BrO_{2}+H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6fca45b291eb163818af0fabef1d921d2000f1c4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:35.97ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {3HBrO_{3}\rightarrow HBrO_{4}+2BrO_{2}+H_{2}O} }"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2BrO_{2}\rightarrow Br_{2}+2O_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2BrO_{2}\rightarrow Br_{2}+2O_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8bbd1f62a07ac7ed62ea2e5739cdffe0b58ca453" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.673ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2BrO_{2}\rightarrow Br_{2}+2O_{2}} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Bineînțeles, anionul bromic poate fi pus în evidență cu ajutorul puterii lui oxidante în soluții acide. </p><p>În urma reacției cu bromaților cu <a href="/wiki/Iodur%C4%83_de_potasiu" title="Iodură de potasiu">iodura de potasiu</a>, după care se adaugă <a href="/wiki/Acid_clorhidric" title="Acid clorhidric">acid clorhidric</a> concentrat, se poate observa colorarea soluției rămase de la galben până la brun, datorate oxidării <a href="/wiki/Acid_iodhidric" title="Acid iodhidric">acidului iodhidric</a> la <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iod</a> elementar: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBrO_{3}+6KI+6HCl\rightarrow 3I_{2}+7KCl+3H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBrO_{3}+6KI+6HCl\rightarrow 3I_{2}+7KCl+3H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a46726a9a4f3cc1a86278cf32ad32bdc7faacd94" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:45.364ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBrO_{3}+6KI+6HCl\rightarrow 3I_{2}+7KCl+3H_{2}O} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Azotatul de argint formează, numai în soluții foarte concentrate de bromat alcalin, bromatul de argint slab gălbui, relativ solubil în apă (1 parte la 170 de părți de apă), solubil în acid azotic și azotatul metalului al cărui bromat a fost folosit: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBrO_{3}+AgNO_{3}\rightarrow AgBrO_{3}+KNO_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBrO_{3}+AgNO_{3}\rightarrow AgBrO_{3}+KNO_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/835abd40b4d68cf611a968e18562adf67820fdeb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:38.772ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {KBrO_{3}+AgNO_{3}\rightarrow AgBrO_{3}+KNO_{3}} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Bromatul de argint reacționează cu <a href="/wiki/Amoniac" title="Amoniac">amoniacul</a>, în urma reacției obținându-se diamino-argint și trioxid de brom: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {AgBrO_{3}+2NH_{3}\rightarrow [Ag(NH_{3})_{2}]+BrO_{3}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {AgBrO_{3}+2NH_{3}\rightarrow [Ag(NH_{3})_{2}]+BrO_{3}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ddd1c68698ca468d969f71ff62fa176866ca8ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:40.346ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {AgBrO_{3}+2NH_{3}\rightarrow [Ag(NH_{3})_{2}]+BrO_{3}} }"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Izotopii_bromului" title="Izotopii bromului">Izotopii bromului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogenii</a>:<a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">iod</a> și <a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">astatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromur%C4%83" title="Bromură">Bromură</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">Tabelul periodic al elementelor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gemoll-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gemoll_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gemoll W, Vretska K (<time datetime="1997">1997</time>). <i>Griechisch-Deutsches Schul- und Handwörterbuch ("Greek-German dictionary"), 9th ed</i>. öbvhpt. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3-209-00108-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/3-209-00108-1">3-209-00108-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Griechisch-Deutsches+Schul-+und+Handw%C3%B6rterbuch+%28%22Greek-German+dictionary%22%29%2C+9th+ed.&rft.pub=%C3%B6bvhpt&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-209-00108-1&rft.au=Gemoll+W%2C+Vretska+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bromine,_By_Greg_Roza,_pagina_6-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bromine,_By_Greg_Roza,_pagina_6_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromine,_By_Greg_Roza,_pagina_6_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">"Bromine", By Greg Roza, pagina 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">"Bromine", By Greg Roza, pagina 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brgregroza-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brgregroza_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ro/books?id=alWPulJ2V44C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Bromine&hl=ro&ei=PoDOTvLnC8mAhQfh-_T-Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=true"><i>Carte-Bromine, de Greg Roza</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L1-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L1_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">Löwig, Carl Jacob (<time datetime="1829">1829</time>). „Das Brom und seine chemischen Verhältnisse (Bromine and its chemical relationships)”. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Das+Brom+und+seine+chemischen+Verh%C3%A4ltnisse+%28Bromine+and+its+chemical+relationships%29&rft.date=1829&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6wig&rft.aufirst=Carl+Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L2-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L2_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Löwig, Carl (<time datetime="1827">1827</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bO43AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA31">„Über Brombereitung und eine auffallende Zersetzung des Aethers durch Chlor (On the preparation of bromine and a striking decomposition of ether by chlorine)”</a>. <i>Magazine für Pharmacie</i>. <b>21</b>: 31–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magazine+f%C3%BCr+Pharmacie&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+Brombereitung+und+eine+auffallende+Zersetzung+des+Aethers+durch+Chlor+%28On+the+preparation+of+bromine+and+a+striking+decomposition+of+ether+by+chlorine%29&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=31-36&rft.date=1827&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6wig&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbO43AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L3-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L3_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Löwig, Carl (<time datetime="1828">1828</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=vG0EAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA485">„Über einige Bromverbindungen und über Bromdarstellung" (On some bromine compounds and on the production of bromine)”</a>. <i>Poggendorff's </i>Annalen der Physik und Chemie<i><span></span></i>. <b>14</b>: 485–499.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poggendorff%27s+%27%27Annalen+der+Physik+und+Chemie%27%27&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+einige+Bromverbindungen+und+%C3%BCber+Bromdarstellung%22+%28On+some+bromine+compounds+and+on+the+production+of+bromine%29&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=485-499&rft.date=1828&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6wig&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvG0EAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L4-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L4_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Löwig, Carl (<time 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(<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Utilizare_explicit%C4%83_a_lui_et_al." title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Utilizare explicită a lui et al.">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-periodictable-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-periodictable_17-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodictable.com/Elements/035/data.html"><i>Date tehnice ale elementului brom</i>, în periodictable.com</a>, accesat 25 septembrie 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bromar-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bromar_18-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webmineral.com/data/Bromargyrite.shtml"><i>Atlas de minerale—Bromargyrit </i> </a>, accesat 5 ianuarie 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Embol-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Embol_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Embol_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; 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background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-7008.html"><i>Mindat.org—Iltist </i></a>, accesat 5 ianuarie</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mindatEmbolit-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mindatEmbolit_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mindatEmbolit_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-11088.html"><i>Mindat.org—Embolit </i></a>, accesat 5 ianuarie</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rruff.info/uploads/APC153_134.pdf"><i>Bestimmung neuer mineralien: Embolit oder bromchlorsilber</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (în germană), <b>153</b>, <time datetime="1849">1849</time>, pp. 134–135</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bestimmung+neuer+mineralien%3A+Embolit+oder+bromchlorsilber&rft.pages=134-135&rft.date=1849&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frruff.info%2Fuploads%2FAPC153_134.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eco.md/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=479:producia-in-lohn-salveaz-clasa-muncitoare&catid=101:companii&Itemid=472">Producția în lohn salvează clasa muncitoare</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927052744/http://www.eco.md/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=479:producia-in-lohn-salveaz-clasa-muncitoare&catid=101:companii&Itemid=472">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2013-09-27">27 septembrie 2013</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., eco.md, accesat la <a href="/wiki/14_noiembrie" title="14 noiembrie">14 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ape_termale_ungaria_hajduszoboslo-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ape_termale_ungaria_hajduszoboslo_39-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voiaj.info/ro/hajduszoboszlo.htm"><i>Date despre orașul Hajduszoboslo, apele termale cu conținut de brom din zonă</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ape_termale_din_salsomaggiore-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ape_termale_din_salsomaggiore_40-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lne.ro/revista-lne/spa/130-statiunea-balneara-salsomaggiore"><i>Articol referitor la apele benefice conținătoare de brom, iod și săruri din zona orașului Salsomaggiore; accesat la 21 noiembrie 2011</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acas_satumare-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acas_satumare_41-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baileacas.unio.ro/efecte.html"><i>Băile termale Acâș</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terapii-naturiste.ro/minerale-oligoelemente/brom.htm">Bromul la</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005015424/http://www.terapii-naturiste.ro/minerale-oligoelemente/brom.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2011-10-05">5 octombrie 2011</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. terapii-naturiste.ro</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehow-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ehow_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ehow_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehow.com/how_7835254_remove-bromine-diet.html#ixzz3pPON4VQ4"><i>Tradus la data de </i></a><i><a href="/wiki/29_decembrie" title="29 decembrie">29 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-x-ray-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-x-ray_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-x-ray_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jhs.pharm.or.jp/data/51%283%29/51_365.pdf"><i>Tradus la data de </i></a><i><a href="/wiki/29_decembrie" title="29 decembrie">29 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-curschimie-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-curschimie_45-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chimiegenerala.3x.ro/Capitolul4/Curs/c4_1_5.htm"><i>Accesat la data de </i></a><i><a href="/wiki/29_decembrie" title="29 decembrie">29 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat1-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat1_46-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ro/books?id=alWPulJ2V44C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Bromine&hl=ro&ei=PoDOTvLnC8mAhQfh-_T-Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Carte-Bromine</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organobromine_compound">Organobromine compound - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brkristawest-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brkristawest_48-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ro/books?id=RB8V1lxUhroC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Bromine&hl=ro&ei=PoDOTvLnC8mAhQfh-_T-Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=true"><i>Carte online despre brom în limba engleză-tradus</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/67557019/Surse-Naturale-de-Brom">[1]</a>, Accesat la <a href="/wiki/12_noiembrie" title="12 noiembrie">12 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/br.htm#Health%20effects%20of%20bromine">Efectele bromului asupra sănătății,</a> lenntech.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.esanatos.com/ghid-medical/psihiatrie/termeni-psihiatrici/bromism64258.php">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.3rd1000.com/elements/Bromine.htm">[3]</a>, Accesat la <a href="/wiki/12_noiembrie" title="12 noiembrie">12 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/50204765/Halogenii-Grupa-a-VII-a-din-Sistemul-Periodic">[4]</a>, accesat la <a href="/wiki/18_noiembrie" title="18 noiembrie">18 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>, reformulat față de textul inițial</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.umftgm.ro/old/Biochimie/indrumator_lp.pdf">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.chemicool.com/elements/bromine.html">[6]</a>, Tradus; accesat la <a href="/wiki/12_noiembrie" title="12 noiembrie">12 noiembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antena3.ro/externe/pericol-in-rusia-nor-toxic-deasupra-unui-oras-din-cauza-scurgerilor-de-brom-lichid-dintr-un-vagon-135577.html">Pericol în Rusia: Nor toxic deasupra unui oraș, din cauza scurgerilor de brom lichid dintr-un vagon,</a> antena3.ro</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web">Messenger, Belinda (<time datetime="2000">2000</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/methbrom/alt-anal/sept2000.pdf">„Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for the Control of Soil-Borne Diseases and Pests in California”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Pest Management Analysis and Planning Program<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-11-17">17 noiembrie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alternatives+to+Methyl+Bromide+for+the+Control+of+Soil-Borne+Diseases+and+Pests+in+California&rft.pub=Pest+Management+Analysis+and+Planning+Program&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Messenger&rft.aufirst=Belinda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdpr.ca.gov%2Fdocs%2Femon%2Fmethbrom%2Falt-anal%2Fsept2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Decanio, Stephen J. (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). „Economics of the "Critical Use" of Methyl bromide under the Montreal Protocol”. <i>Contemporary Economic Policy</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 376. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcep%2Fbyi028">10.1093/cep/byi028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Economic+Policy&rft.atitle=Economics+of+the+%22Critical+Use%22+of+Methyl+bromide+under+the+Montreal+Protocol&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=376&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcep%2Fbyi028&rft.aulast=Decanio&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111113054159/http://www.avi.ro/piscine/ghid-piscineavi/#18">„Ghid practic pentru piscină”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avi.ro/piscine/ghid-piscineavi/#18">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-11-13">13 noiembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-11-18">18 noiembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ghid+practic+pentru+piscin%C4%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avi.ro%2Fpiscine%2Fghid-piscineavi%2F%2318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Raluca, Ripan; Ervin, Popper (<time datetime="1961">1961</time>). <i>Chimie analitică calitativă - semimicroanaliza (ediția a III-a)</i>. București: Editura de stat didactică și pedagogică.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chimie+analitic%C4%83+calitativ%C4%83+-+semimicroanaliza+%28edi%C8%9Bia+a+III-a%29&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pub=Editura+de+stat+didactic%C4%83+%C8%99i+pedagogic%C4%83&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Raluca&rft.aufirst=Ripan&rft.au=Ervin%2C+Popper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Aldea, Victoria; Uivarosi, Valentina (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <i>Chimie anorganică — Elemente și combinații</i>. București: Editura medicală.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chimie+anorganic%C4%83+%E2%80%94+Elemente+%C8%99i+combina%C8%9Bii&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pub=Editura+medical%C4%83&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Aldea&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Uivarosi%2C+Valentina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Beral, Edith; Zapan, Mihai (<time datetime="1976">1976</time>). <i>Chimie generală</i>. București: Editura Tehnică.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chimie+general%C4%83&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pub=Editura+Tehnic%C4%83&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Beral&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft.au=Zapan%2C+Mihai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">***colectiv <a href="/wiki/Maria_Brezeanu" title="Maria Brezeanu">Maria Brezeanu</a> (<time datetime="1974">1974</time>). <i>Mică enciclopedie de chimie</i>. București: Editura Enciclopedică Română.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mic%C4%83+enciclopedie+de+chimie&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pub=Editura+Enciclopedic%C4%83+Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83&rft.date=1974&rft.au=%2A%2A%2Acolectiv+Maria+Brezeanu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling, Linus</a>, <i>Chimie generală</i>, Editura Științifică, București, 1972 (traducere din limba engleză)</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Raluca_Ripan" title="Raluca Ripan">Ripan, Raluca</a> (<time datetime="1961">1961</time>). <i>Manual de lucrări practice de chimie anorganică — Metaloizi</i>. București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+de+lucr%C4%83ri+practice+de+chimie+anorganic%C4%83+%E2%80%94+Metaloizi&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pub=Editura+Didactic%C4%83+%C8%99i+Pedagogic%C4%83&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Ripan&rft.aufirst=Raluca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Costin_D._Neni%C8%9Bescu" title="Costin D. Nenițescu">Nenițescu, Costin D.</a> (<time datetime="1985">1985</time>). <i>Chimie generală</i>. București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chimie+general%C4%83&rft.place=Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.pub=Editura+Didactic%C4%83+%C8%99i+Pedagogic%C4%83&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Neni%C8%9Bescu&rft.aufirst=Costin+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bodor, Endre (<time datetime="1996">1996</time>). <i>Szervetlen kémia I.(Chimie anorganică I.)</i> (în maghiară). Budapesta: Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9631874869" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9631874869">9631874869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Szervetlen+k%C3%A9mia+I.%28Chimie+anorganic%C4%83+I.%29&rft.place=Budapesta&rft.pub=Nemzeti+Tank%C3%B6nyvkiad%C3%B3&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9631874869&rft.aulast=Bodor&rft.aufirst=Endre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Nils (<time datetime="1996">1996</time>). <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (Manual de chimie anorganică)</i> (în germană). 102. Auflage, de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-3-11-017770-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-3-11-017770-1">978-3-11-017770-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie+%28Manual+de+chimie+anorganic%C4%83%29&rft.pub=102.+Auflage%2C+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-3-11-017770-1&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABrom" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brom&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikţionar"><img alt="Wikţionar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Wikţionar</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal;">Caută „<b><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/brom" class="extiw" title="wikt:brom">brom</a></b>” în <a href="/wiki/Wik%C8%9Bionar" title="Wikționar">Wikționar</a>, dicționarul liber.</div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bromine?uselang=ro">brom</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sistemul-periodic.go.ro/elemente/br.htm">Bromul pe sistemul-periodic.go.ro: Informații de bază</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917140515/http://www.sistemul-periodic.go.ro/elemente/br.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-09-17">17 septembrie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/br.htm">Lenntech: Chemical properties of bromine - Health effects of bromine - Environmental effects of bromine</a></li></ul> <div class="reflist4" style="height: 220px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px"> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> </div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Elemente_chimice" title="Format:Elemente chimice"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Elemente_chimice" title="Discuție Format:Elemente chimice"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Elemente_chimice&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">Elemente chimice</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Metale alcaline </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu">Litiu</a> (3) • <a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu">Sodiu</a> (11) • <a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu">Potasiu</a> (19) • <a href="/wiki/Rubidiu" title="Rubidiu">Rubidiu</a> (37) • <a href="/wiki/Cesiu" title="Cesiu">Cesiu</a> (55) • <a href="/wiki/Franciu" title="Franciu">Franciu</a> (87) • <a href="/wiki/Ununenniu" title="Ununenniu">Ununenniu</a> (119)</div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="21"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:TableImage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/TableImage.png/80px-TableImage.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/TableImage.png/120px-TableImage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/TableImage.png/160px-TableImage.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="73" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Metale alcalino-pământoase </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu">Beriliu</a> (4) • <a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu">Magneziu</a> (12) • <a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">Calciu</a> (20) • <a href="/wiki/Stron%C8%9Biu" title="Stronțiu">Stronțiu</a> (38) • <a href="/wiki/Bariu" title="Bariu">Bariu</a> (56) • <a href="/wiki/Radiu" title="Radiu">Radiu</a> (88) • <a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium">Unbinilium</a> (120)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Metale tranziționale </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Scandiu" title="Scandiu">Scandiu</a> (21) • <a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan">Titan</a> (22) • <a href="/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu">Vanadiu</a> (23) • <a href="/wiki/Crom" title="Crom">Crom</a> (24) • <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> (25) • <a href="/wiki/Fier" title="Fier">Fier</a> (26) • <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> (27) • <a href="/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel">Nichel</a> (28) • <a href="/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru">Cupru</a> (29) • <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> (30) • <a href="/wiki/Ytriu" title="Ytriu">Ytriu</a> (39) • <a href="/wiki/Zirconiu" title="Zirconiu">Zirconiu</a> (40) • <a href="/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu">Niobiu</a> (41) • <a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Molibden</a> (42) • <a href="/wiki/Techne%C8%9Biu" title="Technețiu">Technețiu</a> (43) • <a href="/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu">Ruteniu</a> (44) • <a href="/wiki/Rodiu" title="Rodiu">Rodiu</a> (45) • <a href="/wiki/Paladiu" title="Paladiu">Paladiu</a> (46) • <a href="/wiki/Argint" title="Argint">Argint</a> (47) • <a href="/wiki/Cadmiu" title="Cadmiu">Cadmiu</a> (48) • <a href="/wiki/Hafniu" title="Hafniu">Hafniu</a> (72) • <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Tantal</a> (73) • <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">Wolfram</a> (74) • <a href="/wiki/Reniu" title="Reniu">Reniu</a> (75) • <a href="/wiki/Osmiu" title="Osmiu">Osmiu</a> (76) • <a href="/wiki/Iridiu" title="Iridiu">Iridiu</a> (77) • <a href="/wiki/Platin%C4%83" title="Platină">Platină</a> (78) • <a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">Aur</a> (79) • <a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)">Mercur</a> (80) • <a href="/wiki/Rutherfordiu" title="Rutherfordiu">Rutherfordiu</a> (104) • <a href="/wiki/Dubniu" title="Dubniu">Dubniu</a> (105) • <a href="/wiki/Seaborgiu" title="Seaborgiu">Seaborgiu</a> (106) • <a href="/wiki/Bohriu" title="Bohriu">Bohriu</a> (107) • <a href="/wiki/Hassiu" title="Hassiu">Hassiu</a> (108) • <a href="/wiki/Meitneriu" title="Meitneriu">Meitneriu</a> (109) • <a href="/wiki/Darmstadtiu" title="Darmstadtiu">Darmstadtiu</a> (110) • <a href="/wiki/Roentgeniu" title="Roentgeniu">Roentgeniu</a> (111) • <a href="/wiki/Coperniciu" title="Coperniciu">Coperniciu</a> (112) • <a href="/wiki/Nihoniu" title="Nihoniu">Nihoniu</a> (113) • <a href="/wiki/Fleroviu" title="Fleroviu">Fleroviu</a> (114) • <a href="/wiki/Moscoviu" title="Moscoviu">Moscoviu</a> (115) • <a href="/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu">Livermoriu</a> (116)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Metale post-tranziționale </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">Aluminiu</a> (13) • <a href="/wiki/Galiu" title="Galiu">Galiu</a> (31) • <a href="/wiki/Indiu" title="Indiu">Indiu</a> (49) • <a href="/wiki/Staniu" title="Staniu">Staniu</a> (50) • <a href="/wiki/Taliu" title="Taliu">Taliu</a> (81) • <a href="/wiki/Plumb" title="Plumb">Plumb</a> (82) • <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bismut</a> (83) • <a href="/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu">Poloniu</a> (84)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Metaloizi </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">Bor</a> (5) • <a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu">Siliciu</a> (14) • <a href="/wiki/Germaniu" title="Germaniu">Germaniu</a> (32) • <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">Arsen</a> (33) • <a href="/wiki/Stibiu" title="Stibiu">Stibiu</a> (51) • <a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Telur</a> (52)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Nemetale </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> (1) • <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> (6) • <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">Azot</a> (7) • <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">Oxigen</a> (8) • <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> (15) • <a href="/wiki/Sulf" title="Sulf">Sulf</a> (16) • <a href="/wiki/Seleniu" title="Seleniu">Seleniu</a> (34)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Halogeni </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> (9) • <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">Clor</a> (17) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brom</a> (35) • <a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">Iod</a> (53) • <a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">Astatin</a> (85) • <a href="/wiki/Tennessin" title="Tennessin">Tennessin</a> (117)</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Gaze nobile </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">Heliu</a> (2) • <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> (10) • <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> (18) • <a 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