CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: tumor illumination</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: tumor illumination"> <meta name="keywords" content="tumor illumination"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="tumor illumination" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="tumor illumination"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 975</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: tumor illumination</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">795</span> Site-Specific Delivery of Hybrid Upconversion Nanoparticles for Photo-Activated Multimodal Therapies of Glioblastoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Chung%20Tsai">Yuan-Chung Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masao%20Kamimura"> Masao Kamimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohei%20Soga"> Kohei Soga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Cheng%20Chiu"> Hsin-Cheng Chiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to enhance the photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic efficacy on glioblastoma, the functionized upconversion nanoparticles with the capability of converting the deep tissue penetrating near-infrared light into visible wavelength for activating photochemical reaction were developed. The drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained from the self-assembly of oleic acid-coated upconversion nanoparticles along with maleimide-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-cholesterol (Mal-PEG-Chol), as the NP stabilizer, and hydrophobic photosensitizers, IR-780 (for photothermal therapy, PTT) and mTHPC (for photodynamic therapy, PDT), in aqueous phase. Both the IR-780 and mTHPC were loaded into the hydrophobic domains within NPs via hydrophobic association. The peptide targeting ligand, angiopep-2, was further conjugated with the maleimide groups at the end of PEG adducts on the NP surfaces, enabling the affinity coupling with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 of tumor endothelial cells and malignant astrocytes. The drug-loaded NPs with the size of ca 80 nm in diameter exhibit a good colloidal stability in physiological conditions. The in vitro data demonstrate the successful targeting delivery of drug-loaded NPs toward the ALTS1C1 cells (murine astrocytoma cells) and the pronounced cytotoxicity elicited by combinational effect of PDT and PTT. The in vivo results show the promising brain orthotopic tumor targeting of drug-loaded NPs and sound efficacy for brain tumor dual-modality treatment. This work shows great potential for improving photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic efficacy of brain cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title="drug delivery">drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthotopic%20brain%20tumor" title=" orthotopic brain tumor"> orthotopic brain tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodynamic%2Fphotothermal%20therapies" title=" photodynamic/photothermal therapies"> photodynamic/photothermal therapies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upconversion%20nanoparticles" title=" upconversion nanoparticles"> upconversion nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78103/site-specific-delivery-of-hybrid-upconversion-nanoparticles-for-photo-activated-multimodal-therapies-of-glioblastoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">794</span> Ozone Therapy and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Interplay in Controlling Tumor Growth, Symptom and Pain Management: A Case Report </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20F.%20Pollo%20Gaspary">J. F. Pollo Gaspary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Peron%20Gaspary"> F. Peron Gaspary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Sim%C3%A3o"> E. M. Simão</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Concatto%20Beltrame"> R. Concatto Beltrame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Orengo%20de%20Oliveira"> G. Orengo de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Ristow%20Ferreira"> M. S. Ristow Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Sartori%20Thies"> F. Sartori Thies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20F.%20Minello"> I. F. Minello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20dos%20Santos%20de%20Oliveira"> F. dos Santos de Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The immune system has evolved several mechanisms to protect the host against cancer, and it has now been suggested that the expansion of its functions may prevent tumor growth and control the symptoms of cancer patients. Two techniques, ozone therapy and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), are independently associated with an increase in the immune system functions and they maybe help palliative care of patients in these conditions. Case Report: A patient with rectal adenocarcinoma with metastases decides to interrupt the clinical chemotherapy protocol due to refractoriness and side effects. As a palliative care alternative treatment it is suggested to the patient the use of ozone therapy associated with PEMF techniques. Results: The patient reports an improvement in well-being, in autonomy and in pain control. Imaging tests confirm a pause in tumor growth despite more than 60 days without using classic treatment. These results associated with palliative care alternative treatment stimulate the return to the chemotherapy protocol. Discussion: This case illustrates that these two techniques can contribute to the control of tumor growth and refractory symptoms, such as pain, probably by enhancing the immune system. Conclusions: The potential use of the combination of these two therapies, ozone therapy and PEMF therapy, can contribute to palliation of cancer patients, alone or in combination with pharmacological therapies. The conduct of future investigations on this paradigm can elucidate how much these techniques contribute to the survival and well-being of these patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20and%20alternative%20medicine" title=" complementary and alternative medicine "> complementary and alternative medicine </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone%20therapy" title=" ozone therapy"> ozone therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palliative%20care" title=" palliative care"> palliative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEMF%20therapy" title=" PEMF therapy"> PEMF therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129242/ozone-therapy-and-pulsed-electromagnetic-fields-interplay-in-controlling-tumor-growth-symptom-and-pain-management-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">793</span> Magnetic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as Novel Theranostic Nanocarriers: Enhanced Targeting and Noninvasive MRI Tracking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achraf%20Al%20Faraj">Achraf Al Faraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Sultana%20Shaik"> Asma Sultana Shaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baraa%20Al%20Sayed"> Baraa Al Sayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Specific and effective targeting of drug delivery systems (DDS) to cancerous sites remains a major challenge for a better diagnostic and therapy. Recently, SWCNTs with their unique physicochemical properties and the ability to cross the cell membrane show promising in the biomedical field. The purpose of this study was first to develop a biocompatible iron oxide tagged SWCNTs as diagnostic nanoprobes to allow their noninvasive detection using MRI and their preferential targeting in a breast cancer murine model by placing an optimized flexible magnet over the tumor site. Magnetic targeting was associated to specific antibody-conjugated SWCNTs active targeting. The therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin-conjugated SWCNTs was assessed, and the superiority of diffusion-weighted (DW-) MRI as sensitive imaging biomarker was investigated. Short Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized water soluble SWCNTs were first developed, tagged with iron oxide nanoparticles and conjugated with Endoglin/CD105 monoclonal antibodies. They were then conjugated with doxorubicin drugs. SWCNTs conjugates were extensively characterized using TEM, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS) zeta potential analysis and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Their MR relaxivities (i.e. r1 and r2*) were measured at 4.7T and their iron content and metal impurities quantified using ICP-MS. SWCNTs biocompatibility and drug efficacy were then evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using a set of immunological assays. Luciferase enhanced bioluminescence 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells (4T1-Luc2) were injected into the right inguinal mammary fat pad of Balb/c mice. Tumor bearing mice received either free doxorubicin (DOX) drug or SWCNTs with or without either DOX or iron oxide nanoparticles. A multi-pole 10x10mm high-energy flexible magnet was maintained over the tumor site during 2 hours post-injections and their properties and polarity were optimized to allow enhanced magnetic targeting of SWCNTs toward the primary tumor site. Tumor volume was quantified during the follow-up investigation study using a fast spin echo MRI sequence. In order to detect the homing of SWCNTs to the main tumor site, susceptibility-weighted multi-gradient echo (MGE) sequence was used to generate T2* maps. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements were also performed as a sensitive imaging biomarker providing early and better assessment of disease treatment. At several times post-SWCNT injection, histological analysis were performed on tumor extracts and iron-loaded SWCNT were quantified using ICP-MS in tumor sites, liver, spleen, kidneys, and lung. The optimized multi-poles magnet revealed an enhanced targeting of magnetic SWCNTs to the primary tumor site, which was found to be much higher than the active targeting achieved using antibody-conjugated SWCNTs. Iron-loading allowed their sensitive noninvasive tracking after intravenous administration using MRI. The active targeting of doxorubicin through magnetic antibody-conjugated SWCNTs nanoprobes was found to considerably decrease the primary tumor site and may have inhibited the development of metastasis in the tumor-bearing mice lung. ADC measurements in DW-MRI were found to significantly increase in a time-dependent manner after the injection of DOX-conjugated SWCNTs complexes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-walled%20carbon%20nanotubes" title="single-walled carbon nanotubes">single-walled carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomedicine" title=" nanomedicine"> nanomedicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title=" magnetic resonance imaging"> magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20diagnosis%20and%20therapy" title=" cancer diagnosis and therapy"> cancer diagnosis and therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19881/magnetic-single-walled-carbon-nanotubes-swcnts-as-novel-theranostic-nanocarriers-enhanced-targeting-and-noninvasive-mri-tracking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">792</span> Enhancement of Radiosensitization by Aptamer 5TR1-Functionalized AgNCs for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuechun%20Kan">Xuechun Kan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongdong%20Li"> Dongdong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Li"> Fan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peidang%20Liu"> Peidang Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis, and radiotherapy is one of the main treatment methods. However, due to the obvious resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy, high dose of ionizing radiation is required during radiotherapy, which causes serious damage to normal tissues near the tumor. Therefore, how to improve radiotherapy resistance and enhance the specific killing of tumor cells by radiation is a hot issue that needs to be solved in clinic. Recent studies have shown that silver-based nanoparticles have strong radiosensitization, and silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) also provide a broad prospect for tumor targeted radiosensitization therapy due to their ultra-small size, low toxicity or non-toxicity, self-fluorescence and strong photostability. Aptamer 5TR1 is a 25-base oligonucleotide aptamer that can specifically bind to mucin-1 highly expressed on the membrane surface of TNBC 4T1 cells, and can be used as a highly efficient tumor targeting molecule. In this study, AgNCs were synthesized by DNA template based on 5TR1 aptamer (NC-T5-5TR1), and its role as a targeted radiosensitizer in TNBC radiotherapy was investigated. The optimal DNA template was first screened by fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and NC-T5-5TR1 was prepared. NC-T5-5TR1 was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The inhibitory effect of NC-T5-5TR1 on cell activity was evaluated using the MTT method. Laser confocal microscopy was employed to observe NC-T5-5TR1 targeting 4T1 cells and verify its self-fluorescence characteristics. The uptake of NC-T5-5TR1 by 4T1 cells was observed by dark-field imaging, and the uptake peak was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The radiation sensitization effect of NC-T5-5TR1 was evaluated through cell cloning and in vivo anti-tumor experiments. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry was utilized to detect the impact of nanomaterials combined with radiotherapy on apoptosis. The results demonstrated that the particle size of NC-T5-5TR1 is about 2 nm, and the UV-visible absorption spectrum detection verifies the successful construction of NC-T5-5TR1, and it shows good dispersion. NC-T5-5TR1 significantly inhibited the activity of 4T1 cells and effectively targeted and fluoresced within 4T1 cells. The uptake of NC-T5-5TR1 reached its peak at 3 h in the tumor area. Compared with AgNCs without aptamer modification, NC-T5-5TR1 exhibited superior radiation sensitization, and combined radiotherapy significantly inhibited the activity of 4T1 cells and tumor growth in 4T1-bearing mice. The apoptosis level of NC-T5-5TR1 combined with radiation was significantly increased. These findings provide important theoretical and experimental support for NC-T5-5TR1 as a radiation sensitizer for TNBC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5TR1%20aptamer" title="5TR1 aptamer">5TR1 aptamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoclusters" title=" silver nanoclusters"> silver nanoclusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20sensitization" title=" radio sensitization"> radio sensitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triple-negative%20breast%20cancer" title=" triple-negative breast cancer"> triple-negative breast cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184403/enhancement-of-radiosensitization-by-aptamer-5tr1-functionalized-agncs-for-triple-negative-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">791</span> Evaluating Therapeutic Efficacy of Intravesical Xenogeneic Urothelial Cell Treatment Alone and in Combination with Chemotherapy or Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Mouse Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Rong%20Shyr">Chih-Rong Shyr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Ping%20Huang"> Chi-Ping Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intravesical BCG is the gold-standard therapy for high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after TURBT, but if not responsive to BCG, these BCG unresponsive patients face cystectomy that causes morbidity and comes with a morality risk. To provide the bladder sparing options for patients with BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, several new treatments have been developed to salvage the bladders and prevent progression to muscle invasive or metastatic, but however, most approved or developed treatments still fail in a significant proportion of patients without long term success. Thus more treatment options and the combination of different therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to change the outcomes. Xenogeneic rejection has been proposed to a mechanism of action to induce anti-tumor immunity for the treatment of cancers due to the similarities between rejection mechanism to xenoantigens (proteins, glycans and lipids) and anti-tumor immunities to tumor specific antigens (neoantigens, tumor associated carbohydrates and lipids). Xenogeneic urothelial cells (XUC) of porcine origin have been shown to induce anti-tumor immune responses to inhibit bladder tumor progression in mouse bladder cancer models. To further demonstrate the efficacy of the distinct intravesical XUC treatment in NMIBC, and the combined effects with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a alternate therapeutic option, this study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of intravesical XUC immunotherapy in an orthotopic mouse immune competent model of NMIBC, generated from a mouse bladder cancer cell line. We found that the tumor progression was inhibited by intravescial XUC treatment and there was a synergy between intravesical XUC with intravesical chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine or systemic ICI, anti-PD1 antibody treatment. The cancer cell proliferation was decreased but the cell death was increased by the intravecisal XUC treatment. Most importantly, the mechanisms of action of intravesical XUC immunotherapy were found to be linked to enhanced infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell as well as NK cells, but decreased presence of myeloid immunosuppressive cells in XUC treated tumors. The increased stimulation of immune cells of XUC treated mice to xenogeneic urothelial cells and mouse bladder cancer cells in immune cell proliferation and cytokine secretion were observed both as a monotherapy and in combination with intravesical gemcitabine or systemic anti PD-L1 treatment. In sum, we identified the effects of intravesical XUC treatment in monotherapy and combined therapy on tumor progression and its cellular and molecular events related to immune activation to understand the anti-tumoral mechanisms behind intravesical XUC immunotherapy for NMIBC. These results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms behind successful xenogeneic cell immunotherapy against NMIBC and characterize a novel therapeutic approach with a new xenogeneic cell modality for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xenoantigen" title="xenoantigen">xenoantigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoantigen" title=" neoantigen"> neoantigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rejection" title=" rejection"> rejection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunity" title=" immunity"> immunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194605/evaluating-therapeutic-efficacy-of-intravesical-xenogeneic-urothelial-cell-treatment-alone-and-in-combination-with-chemotherapy-or-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-a-mouse-non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">790</span> Enhancement of Underwater Haze Image with Edge Reveal Using Pixel Normalization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dhana%20Lakshmi">M. Dhana Lakshmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sakthivel%20Murugan"> S. Sakthivel Murugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As light passes from source to observer in the water medium, it is scattered by the suspended particulate matter. This scattering effect will plague the captured images with non-uniform illumination, blurring details, halo artefacts, weak edges, etc. To overcome this, pixel normalization with an Amended Unsharp Mask (AUM) filter is proposed to enhance the degraded image. To validate the robustness of the proposed technique irrespective of atmospheric light, the considered datasets are collected on dual locations. For those images, the maxima and minima pixel intensity value is computed and normalized; then the AUM filter is applied to strengthen the blurred edges. Finally, the enhanced image is obtained with good illumination and contrast. Thus, the proposed technique removes the effect of scattering called de-hazing and restores the perceptual information with enhanced edge detail. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are done on considering the standard non-reference metric called underwater image sharpness measure (UISM), and underwater image quality measure (UIQM) is used to measure color, sharpness, and contrast for both of the location images. It is observed that the proposed technique has shown overwhelming performance compared to other deep-based enhancement networks and traditional techniques in an adaptive manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20drone%20imagery" title="underwater drone imagery">underwater drone imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pixel%20normalization" title=" pixel normalization"> pixel normalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholding" title=" thresholding"> thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masking" title=" masking"> masking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsharp%20mask%20filter" title=" unsharp mask filter"> unsharp mask filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142413/enhancement-of-underwater-haze-image-with-edge-reveal-using-pixel-normalization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">789</span> The Effect of the Combination of Methotrexate Nanoparticles and TiO2 on Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nusaiba%20Al-Nemrawi">Nusaiba Al-Nemrawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belal%20Al-Husein"> Belal Al-Husein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Methotrexate (MTX) is a stoichiometric inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, which is essential for DNA synthesis. MTX is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating many types of cancer cells. However, cells’ resistant to MTX is very common and its pharmacokinetic behavior is highly problematic. of MTX within tumor cells, we propose encapsulation of antitumor drugs in nanoparticulated systems. Chitosan (CS) is a naturally occurring polymer that is biocompatibe, biodegradable, non-toxic, cationic and bioadhesive. CS nanoparticles (CS-NPs) have been used as drug carrier for targeted delivery. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a natural mineral oxide, which is used in biomaterials due to its high stability and antimicrobial and anticorrosive properties. TiO2 showed a potential as a tumor suppressor. In this study a new formulation of MTX loaded in CS NPs (CS-MTX NPs) and coated with Titanium oxide (TiO2) was prepared. The mean particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index were measured. The interaction between CS NPs and TiO2 NPs was confirmed using FTIR and XRD. CS-MTX NPs was studied in vitro using the tumor cell line MCF-7 (human breast cancer). The results showed that CS-MTX has a size around 169 nm and as they were coated with TiO2, the size ranged between and depending on the ratio of CS-MTX to TiO2 ratio used in the preparation. All NPs (uncoated and coated carried positive charges and were monodispersed. The entrapment efficacy was around 65%. Both FTIR and XRD proved that TiO2 interacted with CS-MTX NPs. The drug invitro release was controlled and sustained over days. Finally, the studied in vitro using the tumor cell line MCF-7 suggested that combining nanomaterials with anticancer drugs CS-MTX NPs may be more effective than free MTX for cancer treatment. In conclusion, the combination of CS-MTX NPs and TiO2 NPs showed excellent time-dependent in vitro antitumor behavior, therefore, can be employed as a promising anticancer agent to attain efficient results towards MCF-7 cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Titanium%20dioxide" title=" Titanium dioxide"> Titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chitosan%20nanoparticles" title=" Chitosan nanoparticles"> Chitosan nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124238/the-effect-of-the-combination-of-methotrexate-nanoparticles-and-tio2-on-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">788</span> Synthesis and Surface Engineering of Lanthanide Nanoparticles for NIR Luminescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syue-Liang%20Lin">Syue-Liang Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Allen%20Chang"> C. Allen Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Luminescence imaging is an important technique used in biomedical research and clinical diagnostic applications in recent years. Concurrently, the development of NIR luminescence probes / imaging contrast agents has helped the understanding of the structural and functional properties of cells and animals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used clinically to treat a wide range of medical conditions, but the therapeutic efficacy of general PDT for deeper tumor was limited by the penetration of excitation source. The tumor targeting biomedical nanomaterials UCNP@PS (upconversion nanoparticle conjugated with photosensitizer) for photodynamic therapy and near-infrared imaging of cancer will be developed in our study. Synthesis and characterization of biomedical nanomaterials were completed in this studies. The spectrum of UCNP was characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy and the morphology was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). TEM and XRD analyses indicated that these nanoparticles are about 20~50 nm with hexagonal phase. NaYF₄:Ln³⁺ (Ln= Yb, Nd, Er) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with core / shell structure, synthesized by thermal decomposition method in 300°C, have the ability to emit visible light (upconversion: 540 nm, 660 nm) and near-infrared with longer wavelength (downconversion: NIR: 980 nm, 1525 nm) by absorbing 800 nm NIR laser. The information obtained from these studies would be very useful for applications of these nanomaterials for bio-luminescence imaging and photodynamic therapy of deep tumor tissue in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Near%20Infrared%20%28NIR%29" title="Near Infrared (NIR)">Near Infrared (NIR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lanthanide" title=" lanthanide"> lanthanide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell%20structure" title=" core-shell structure"> core-shell structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upconversion" title=" upconversion"> upconversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theranostics" title=" theranostics"> theranostics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71701/synthesis-and-surface-engineering-of-lanthanide-nanoparticles-for-nir-luminescence-imaging-and-photodynamic-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">787</span> Psychological Aspects of Quality of Life in Patients with Primary and Metastatic Bone Tumors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Yu%20Shchelkova">O. Yu Shchelkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20B.%20Usmanova"> E. B. Usmanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Last decades scientific research of quality of life (QoL) is developing fast worldwide. QoL concept pays attention to emotional experience of disease in patients, particularly to personal sense of possibility to satisfy actual needs and possibility of full social functioning in spite of disease limitations. QoL in oncological patients is studied intensively. Nevertheless, the issue of QoL in patients with bone tumors focused on psychological factors of QoL and relation to disease impact on QoL is not discussed. The aim of the study was to reveal the basic aspects and personality factors of QoL in patients with bone tumor. Results: Study participants were 139 patients with bone tumors. The diagnoses were osteosarcoma (n=42), giant cell tumor (n=32), chondrosarcoma (n=32), Ewing sarcoma (n=10) and bone metastases (n=23). The study revealed that patients with bone metastases assess their health significantly worse than other patients. Besides patients with osteosarcoma evaluate their general health higher than patients with giant cell tumors. Social functioning in patients with chondrosarcoma is higher than in patients with bone metastases and patients with giant cell tumor. Patients with chondrosarcoma have higher physical functioning and less restricted in daily activities than patients with bone metastases. Patients with bone metastases characterize their pain as more widespread than patients with primary bone tumors and have more functional restrictions due to bone incision. Moreover, the study revealed personality significant influence on QoL related to bone tumors. Such characteristics in structure of personality as high degree of self-consciousness, personal resources, cooperation and disposition to positive reappraisal in difficult situation correspond to higher QoL. Otherwise low personal resources and slight problem solving behaviour, low degree of self-consciousness and high social dependence correspond to decrease of QoL in patients with bone tumors. Conclusion: Patients with bone metastasis have lower QoL compared to patients with primary bone tumors. Patients with giant cell tumor have the worth quality of life among patients with primary bone tumors. Furthermore, the results revealed differences in QoL parameters associated with personality characteristics in patients with bone tumors. Such psychological factors as future goals, interest in life and emotional saturation, besides high degree of personal resources and cooperation influence on increasing QoL in patients with bone tumors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title="quality of life">quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20factors" title=" psychological factors"> psychological factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20tumor" title=" bone tumor"> bone tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94047/psychological-aspects-of-quality-of-life-in-patients-with-primary-and-metastatic-bone-tumors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">786</span> Evaluation of Naringenin Role in Inhibiton of Lung Tumor Progression in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20Varthan%20Vaithiyalingamjagannathan">Vishnu Varthan Vaithiyalingamjagannathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Sathishkumar"> M. N. Sathishkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Lakhsmi"> K. S. Lakhsmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Satheeshkumar"> D. Satheeshkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srividyaammayappanrajam"> Srividyaammayappanrajam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background:Naringenin, aglycone flavonoid possess certain activities like anti-oxidant, anti-estrogenic, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, anti-obesity,anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and also have anti-cancer characteristics like carcinogenic inactivation, cell cycle arrest, anti-proliferation, apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis and enhances anti-oxidant activity. Methodology:The inhibitory effect of Naringenin in lung tumor progression estimated with adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines (in vitro) and C57BL/6 mice injected with 5 X 106A549 cell lines (in vivo) in a tri-dose manner (Naringenin 100mg/kg,150mg/kg, and 200mg/kg) compared with standard chemotherapy drug cisplatin (7mg/kg). Results:The results of the present study revealed a dose-dependent activity in Naringenin and combination with cisplatin at a higher dose which showed decreased tumor progression in mice. In vitro studies carried out for estimation of cell survival and Nitric Oxide (NO) level, shows dose dependent action of Naringenin with IC50 value of 42µg/ml. In vivo studies were carried out in C57BL/6 mice. Naringenin satisfied the condition of an anti-cancer molecule with its characteristics in fragmentation assay, Zymography assay, anti-oxidant, and myeloperoxidase studies, than cisplatin which failed in anti-oxidant and myeloperoxidase effect. Both in vitro and in vivo establishes dose dependent decrease in NO levels. But whereas, Naringenin showed adverse results in Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymatic levels with increase in dose levels. Conclusion:From the present study, Naringenin could suppress the lung tumor progression when given individually and also in combinatorial with standard chemotherapy drug. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naringenin" title="naringenin">naringenin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20line" title=" cell line"> cell line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticancer" title=" anticancer"> anticancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25513/evaluation-of-naringenin-role-in-inhibiton-of-lung-tumor-progression-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">785</span> Effect of Engineered Low Glycemic Foods on Cancer Progression and Healthy State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Panebianco">C. Panebianco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Adamberg"> K. Adamberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Adamberg"> S. Adamberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Saracino"> C. Saracino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jaagura"> M. Jaagura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kolk"> K. Kolk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Di%20Chio"> A. Di Chio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Graziano"> P. Graziano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Vilu"> R. Vilu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Pazienza"> V. Pazienza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background/Aims: Despite recent advances in treatment options, a modest impact on the outcome of the pancreatic cancer (PC) is observed so far. Short-term fasting cycles have the potential to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy against PC. However, diseased people may refuse to follow the fasting regimen and fasting may worsen the weight loss often occurring in cancer patients. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Engineered Low glycemic food ELGIF mimicking diet on growth of cancer cell lines in vitro and in an in vivo pancreatic cancer mouse xenograft model. Materials and Methods: BxPC-3, MiaPaca-2 and Panc-1 cells were cultured in control and ELGIF mimicking diet culturing condition to evaluate the tumor growth and proliferation pathways. Pancreatic cancer xenograft mice were subjected to ELGIF to assess the tumor volume and weight as compared to mice fed with control diet. Results: Pancreatic cancer cells cultured in ELGIF mimicking medium showed decreased levels of proliferation as compared to those cultured in the standard medium. Consistently, xenograft pancreatic cancer mice subjected to ELGIF diet displayed a significant decrease in tumor growth. Conclusion: A positive effect of ELGIF diet on proliferation in vitro is associated with the decrease of tumor progression in the in vivo PC xenograft mouse model. These results suggest that engineered dietary interventions could be supportive as synergistic approach to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments in pancreatic cancer patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20food" title="functional food">functional food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiota" title=" microbiota"> microbiota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mouse%20model" title=" mouse model"> mouse model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatic%20cancer" title=" pancreatic cancer"> pancreatic cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51926/effect-of-engineered-low-glycemic-foods-on-cancer-progression-and-healthy-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">784</span> Breast Cancer: The Potential of miRNA for Diagnosis and Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Pourreza">Abbas Pourreza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs. They are almost 18-25 nucleotides long and very conservative through evolution. They are involved in adjusting the expression of numerous genes due to the existence of a complementary region, generally in the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of target genes, against particular mRNAs in the cell. Also, miRNAs have been proven to be involved in cell development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. More than 2000 miRNAs have been recognized in human cells, and these miRNAs adjust approximately one-third of all genes in human cells. Dysregulation of miRNA originated from abnormal DNA methylation patterns of the locus, cause to down-regulated or overexpression of miRNAs, and it may affect tumor formation or development of it. Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly identified cancer, the most prevalent cancer (23%), and the second-leading (14%) mortality in all types of cancer in females. BC can be classified based on the status (+/−) of the hormone receptors, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2 or HER2). Currently, there are four main molecular subtypes of BC: luminal A, approximately 50–60 % of BCs; luminal B, 10–20 %; HER2 positive, 15–20 %, and 10–20 % considered Basal (triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)) subtype. Aberrant expression of miR-145, miR-21, miR-10b, miR-125a, and miR-206 was detected by Stem-loop real-time RT-PCR in BC cases. Breast tumor formation and development may result from down-regulation of a tumor suppressor miRNA such as miR-145, miR-125a, and miR-206 and/or overexpression of an oncogenic miRNA such as miR-21 and miR-10b. MiR-125a, miR-206, miR-145, miR-21, and miR-10b are hugely predicted to be new tumor markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of BC. MiR-21 and miR-125a could play a part in the treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer cells, while miR-145 and miR-206 could speed up the evolution of cure techniques for TNBC. To conclude, miRNAs will be presented as hopeful molecules to be used in the primary diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of BC and battle as opposed to its developed drug resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HER2%20positive" title=" HER2 positive"> HER2 positive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miRNA" title=" miRNA"> miRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNBC" title=" TNBC"> TNBC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145673/breast-cancer-the-potential-of-mirna-for-diagnosis-and-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">783</span> Adapting an Accurate Reverse-time Migration Method to USCT Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brayden%20Mi">Brayden Mi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reverse time migration has been widely used in the Petroleum exploration industry to reveal subsurface images and to detect rock and fluid properties since the early 1980s. The seismic technology involves the construction of a velocity model through interpretive model construction, seismic tomography, or full waveform inversion, and the application of the reverse-time propagation of acquired seismic data and the original wavelet used in the acquisition. The methodology has matured from 2D, simple media to present-day to handle full 3D imaging challenges in extremely complex geological conditions. Conventional Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) utilize travel-time-inversion to reconstruct the velocity structure of an organ. With the velocity structure, USCT data can be migrated with the “bend-ray” method, also known as migration. Its seismic application counterpart is called Kirchhoff depth migration, in which the source of reflective energy is traced by ray-tracing and summed to produce a subsurface image. It is well known that ray-tracing-based migration has severe limitations in strongly heterogeneous media and irregular acquisition geometries. Reverse time migration (RTM), on the other hand, fully accounts for the wave phenomena, including multiple arrives and turning rays due to complex velocity structure. It has the capability to fully reconstruct the image detectable in its acquisition aperture. The RTM algorithms typically require a rather accurate velocity model and demand high computing powers, and may not be applicable to real-time imaging as normally required in day-to-day medical operations. However, with the improvement of computing technology, such a computational bottleneck may not present a challenge in the near future. The present-day (RTM) algorithms are typically implemented from a flat datum for the seismic industry. It can be modified to accommodate any acquisition geometry and aperture, as long as sufficient illumination is provided. Such flexibility of RTM can be conveniently implemented for the application in USCT imaging if the spatial coordinates of the transmitters and receivers are known and enough data is collected to provide full illumination. This paper proposes an implementation of a full 3D RTM algorithm for USCT imaging to produce an accurate 3D acoustic image based on the Phase-shift-plus-interpolation (PSPI) method for wavefield extrapolation. In this method, each acquired data set (shot) is propagated back in time, and a known ultrasound wavelet is propagated forward in time, with PSPI wavefield extrapolation and a piece-wise constant velocity model of the organ (breast). The imaging condition is then applied to produce a partial image. Although each image is subject to the limitation of its own illumination aperture, the stack of multiple partial images will produce a full image of the organ, with a much-reduced noise level if compared with individual partial images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illumination" title="illumination">illumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20time%20migration%20%28RTM%29" title=" reverse time migration (RTM)"> reverse time migration (RTM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound%20computed%20tomography%20%28USCT%29" title=" ultrasound computed tomography (USCT)"> ultrasound computed tomography (USCT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavefield%20extrapolation" title=" wavefield extrapolation"> wavefield extrapolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152625/adapting-an-accurate-reverse-time-migration-method-to-usct-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">782</span> Standard Protocol Selection for Acquisition of Breast Thermogram in Perspective of Early Breast Cancer Detection </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mrinal%20Kanti%20Bhowmik">Mrinal Kanti Bhowmik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usha%20Rani%20Gogoi%20Jr."> Usha Rani Gogoi Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjan%20Kumar%20Ghosh"> Anjan Kumar Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debotosh%20Bhattacharjee"> Debotosh Bhattacharjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last few decades, breast thermography has achieved an average sensitivity and specificity of 90% for breast tumor detection. Breast thermography is a non-invasive, cost-effective, painless and radiation-free breast imaging modality which makes a significant contribution to the evaluation and diagnosis of patients, suspected of having breast cancer. An abnormal breast thermogram may indicate significant biological risk for the existence or the development of breast tumors. Breast thermography can detect a breast tumor, when the tumor is in its early stage or when the tumor is in a dense breast. The infrared breast thermography is very sensitive to environmental changes for which acquisition of breast thermography should be performed under strictly controlled conditions by undergoing some standard protocols. Several factors like air, temperature, humidity, etc. are there to be considered for characterizing thermal images as an imperative tool for detecting breast cancer. A detailed study of various breast thermogram acquisition protocols adopted by different researchers in their research work is provided here in this paper. After going through a rigorous study of different breast thermogram acquisition protocols, a new standard breast thermography acquisition setup is proposed here in this paper for proper and accurate capturing of the breast thermograms. The proposed breast thermogram acquisition setup is being built in the Radiology Department, Agartala Government Medical College (AGMC), Govt. of Tripura, Tripura, India. The breast thermograms are captured using FLIR T650sc thermal camera with the thermal sensitivity of 20 mK at 30 degree C. The paper is an attempt to highlight the importance of different critical parameters of breast thermography like different thermography views, patient preparation protocols, acquisition room requirements, acquisition system requirements, etc. This paper makes an important contribution by providing a detailed survey and a new efficient approach on breast thermogram capturing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition%20protocol" title="acquisition protocol">acquisition protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20thermography" title=" breast thermography"> breast thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20thermography" title=" infrared thermography "> infrared thermography </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22190/standard-protocol-selection-for-acquisition-of-breast-thermogram-in-perspective-of-early-breast-cancer-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">781</span> Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) on the Level of Ifn Γ (Interferon Gamma), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Caspase 3 Expression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chodidjah">Chodidjah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edi%20Dharmana"> Edi Dharmana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hardhono"> Hardhono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarjadi"> Sarjadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer treatment options including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have not been effective. Besides, they have side effects. Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) has been shown to improve immune system, suppress tumor growth and induce apoptosis. One of the parameters for immune system, tumor growth and apoptosis is IFNγ (Interferon γ), VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and Caspase 3 respectively. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the administration of Keladi Tikus tuber extract at the dose of 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/KgBW, and 800 mg/kgBW on the level of IFNγ, VEGF and caspase 3 expression. In this experimental study using post test randomized control group design, 24 CH3 mice with tumor were randomly divided into 4 groups including control group and treated groups: Treated with 0.2 cc extract of Keladi Tikus at the dose of 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, 800 mg/kgBW, respectively for 30 days. On day 31 the lymphatic tissue was taken and evaluated for its level of IFNγ, using ELISA. The tumor tissue was taken and subjected to immunohistochemistry staining for VEGF and caspase 3 expression evaluation. The data on IFNγ, VEGF and Caspase 3 expression were analyzed using One Way Anova with significant level of 0.05. One Way Anova resulted in p<0.05. LSD test showed that the level of IFNγ and Caspase 3 for control group was different from that of treated groups. There was no significant different between the treated group of 400 mg/KgBW and 800mg/KgBW. VEGF expressions for all the treated groups were significant. In conclusion, the oral administration of ethanolic extract of Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) at the dose of 200mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW,800 mg/kgBW increases IFNγ, Caspase 3 and decreases VEGF expression in C3H mice with adenocarsinoma mamma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Typhonium%20flagelliforme" title="Typhonium flagelliforme">Typhonium flagelliforme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFN%CE%B3" title=" IFNγ"> IFNγ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caspase%203" title=" caspase 3"> caspase 3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VEGF" title=" VEGF "> VEGF </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25601/effect-of-ethanolic-extract-of-keladi-tikus-typhonium-flagelliforme-on-the-level-of-ifn-g-interferon-gamma-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-vegf-and-caspase-3-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">780</span> VHL, PBRM1, and SETD2 Genes in Kidney Cancer: A Molecular Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozhgar%20A.%20Khailany">Rozhgar A. Khailany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehri%20Igci"> Mehri Igci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emine%20Bayraktar"> Emine Bayraktar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakip%20Erturhan"> Sakip Erturhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metin%20Karakok"> Metin Karakok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Arslan"> Ahmet Arslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kidney cancer is the most lethal urological cancer accounting for 3% of adult malignancies. VHL, a tumor-suppressor gene, is best known to be associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The VHL functions as negative regulator of hypoxia inducible factors. Recent sequencing efforts have identified several novel frequent mutations of histone modifying and chromatin remodeling genes in ccRCC (clear cell RCC) including PBRM1 and SETD2. The PBRM1 gene encodes the BAF180 protein, which involved in transcriptional activation and repression of selected genes. SETD2 encodes a histone methyltransferase, which may play a role in suppressing tumor development. In this study, RNAs of 30 paired tumor and normal samples that were grouped according to the types of kidney cancer and clinical characteristics of patients, including gender and average age were examined by RT-PCR, SSCP and sequencing techniques. VHL, PBRM1 and SETD2 expressions were relatively down-regulated. However, statistically no significance was found (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p > 0.05). Interestingly, no mutation was observed on the contrary of previous studies. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of RCC has aided the development of molecular-targeted drugs for kidney cancer. Further analysis is required to identify the responsible genes rather than VHL, PBRM1 and SETD2 in kidney cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20cancer" title="kidney cancer">kidney cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20biomarker" title=" molecular biomarker"> molecular biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expression%20analysis" title=" expression analysis"> expression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation%20screening" title=" mutation screening"> mutation screening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21021/vhl-pbrm1-and-setd2-genes-in-kidney-cancer-a-molecular-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">779</span> A Mathematical Analysis of a Model in Capillary Formation: The Roles of Endothelial, Pericyte and Macrophages in the Initiation of Angiogenesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serdal%20Pamuk">Serdal Pamuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irem%20Cay"> Irem Cay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our model is based on the theory of reinforced random walks coupled with Michealis-Menten mechanisms which view endothelial cell receptors as the catalysts for transforming both tumor and macrophage derived tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF) into proteolytic enzyme which in turn degrade the basal lamina. The model consists of two main parts. First part has seven differential equations (DE’s) in one space dimension over the capillary, whereas the second part has the same number of DE’s in two space dimensions in the extra cellular matrix (ECM). We connect these two parts via some boundary conditions to move the cells into the ECM in order to initiate capillary formation. But, when does this movement begin? To address this question we estimate the thresholds that activate the transport equations in the capillary. We do this by using steady-state analysis of TAF equation under some assumptions. Once these equations are activated endothelial, pericyte and macrophage cells begin to move into the ECM for the initiation of angiogenesis. We do believe that our results play an important role for the mechanisms of cell migration which are crucial for tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, we estimate the long time tendency of these three cells, and find that they tend to the transition probability functions as time evolves. We provide our numerical solutions which are in good agreement with our theoretical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angiogenesis" title="angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20formation" title=" capillary formation"> capillary formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20analysis" title=" mathematical analysis"> mathematical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady-state" title=" steady-state"> steady-state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20probability%20function" title=" transition probability function"> transition probability function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74388/a-mathematical-analysis-of-a-model-in-capillary-formation-the-roles-of-endothelial-pericyte-and-macrophages-in-the-initiation-of-angiogenesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">778</span> Numerical Simulation of a Single Cell Passing through a Narrow Slit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lanlan%20Xiao">Lanlan Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Liu"> Yang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuo%20Chen"> Shuo Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bingmei%20Fu"> Bingmei Fu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis. Metastasis is a complex, multistep processes including the detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor and the migration to distant targeted organs through blood and/or lymphatic circulations. During hematogenous metastasis, the emigration of tumor cells from the blood stream through the vascular wall into the tissue involves arrest in the microvasculature, adhesion to the endothelial cells forming the microvessel wall and transmigration to the tissue through the endothelial barrier termed as extravasation. The narrow slit between endothelial cells that line the microvessel wall is the principal pathway for tumor cell extravasation to the surrounding tissue. To understand this crucial step for tumor hematogenous metastasis, we used Dissipative Particle Dynamics method to investigate an individual cell passing through a narrow slit numerically. The cell membrane was simulated by a spring-based network model which can separate the internal cytoplasm and surrounding fluid. The effects of the cell elasticity, cell shape and cell surface area increase, and slit size on the cell transmigration through the slit were investigated. Under a fixed driven force, the cell with higher elasticity can be elongated more and pass faster through the slit. When the slit width decreases to 2/3 of the cell diameter, the spherical cell becomes jammed despite reducing its elasticity modulus by 10 times. However, transforming the cell from a spherical to ellipsoidal shape and increasing the cell surface area only by 3% can enable the cell to pass the narrow slit. Therefore the cell shape and surface area increase play a more important role than the cell elasticity in cell passing through the narrow slit. In addition, the simulation results indicate that the cell migration velocity decreases during entry but increases during exit of the slit, which is qualitatively in agreement with the experimental observation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissipative%20particle%20dynamics" title="dissipative particle dynamics">dissipative particle dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformability" title=" deformability"> deformability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20area%20increase" title=" surface area increase"> surface area increase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20migration" title=" cell migration"> cell migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40189/numerical-simulation-of-a-single-cell-passing-through-a-narrow-slit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">777</span> Construction of a Fusion Gene Carrying E10A and K5 with 2A Peptide-Linked by Using Overlap Extension PCR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiancheng%20Lan">Tiancheng Lan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E10A is a kind of replication-defective adenovirus which carries the human endostatin gene to inhibit the growth of tumors. Kringle 5(K5) has almost the same function as angiostatin to also inhibit the growth of tumors since they are all the byproduct of the proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen. Tumor size increasing can be suppressed because both of the endostatin and K5 can restrain the angiogenesis process. Therefore, in order to improve the treatment effect on tumor, 2A peptide is used to construct a fusion gene carrying both E10A and K5. Using 2A peptide is an ideal strategy when a fusion gene is expressed because it can avoid many problems during the expression of more than one kind of protein. The overlap extension PCR is also used to connect 2A peptide with E10A and K5. The final construction of fusion gene E10A-2A-K5 can provide a possible new method of the anti-angiogenesis treatment with a better expression performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E10A" title="E10A">E10A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kringle%205" title=" Kringle 5"> Kringle 5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2A%20peptide" title=" 2A peptide"> 2A peptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overlap%20extension%20PCR" title=" overlap extension PCR"> overlap extension PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132643/construction-of-a-fusion-gene-carrying-e10a-and-k5-with-2a-peptide-linked-by-using-overlap-extension-pcr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">776</span> Study and Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety in Power Plant in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saira%20Iqbal">Saira Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Occupational Health and Safety issues nowadays have become an important esteem in the context of Industrial Production. This study is designed to measure the workplace hazards at Kohinoor Energy Limited. Mainly focused hazards were Heat Stress, Noise Level, Light Level and Ergonomics. Measurements for parameters like Wet, Dry, Globe, WBGTi and RH% were taken directly by visiting the Study Area. The temperature in Degrees was recoded at Control Room and Engine Hall. Highest Temperature was recoded in Engine Hall which was about 380C. Efforts were made to record emissions of Noise Levels from the main area of concern like Engines in Engine hall, parking area, and mechanical workshop. Permissible level for measuring Noise is 85 and its Unit of Measurement is dB (A). In Engine Hall Noise was very high which was about 109.6 dB (A) and that level was exceeding the limits. Illumination Level was also recorded at different areas of Power Plant. The light level was though under permissible limits but in some areas like Engine Hall and Boiler Room, level of light was very low especially in Engine Hall where the level was 29 lx. Practices were performed for measuring hazards in context of ergonomics like extended reaching, deviated body postures, mechanical stress, and vibration exposures of the worker at different units of plants by just observing workers during working hours. Since KEL is ISO 8000 and 14000 certified, the researcher found no serious problems in the parameter Ergonomics however it was a common scenario that workers were reluctant to apply PPEs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20hazards" title="workplace hazards">workplace hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20hazard" title=" heat hazard"> heat hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20hazard" title=" noise hazard"> noise hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illumination" title=" illumination"> illumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45671/study-and-evaluation-of-occupational-health-and-safety-in-power-plant-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">775</span> Hybrid Approach for Face Recognition Combining Gabor Wavelet and Linear Discriminant Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%3A%20Annis%20Fathima">A: Annis Fathima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Vaidehi"> V. Vaidehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ajitha"> S. Ajitha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Face recognition system finds many applications in surveillance and human computer interaction systems. As the applications using face recognition systems are of much importance and demand more accuracy, more robustness in the face recognition system is expected with less computation time. In this paper, a hybrid approach for face recognition combining Gabor Wavelet and Linear Discriminant Analysis (HGWLDA) is proposed. The normalized input grayscale image is approximated and reduced in dimension to lower the processing overhead for Gabor filters. This image is convolved with bank of Gabor filters with varying scales and orientations. LDA, a subspace analysis techniques are used to reduce the intra-class space and maximize the inter-class space. The techniques used are 2-dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (2D-LDA), 2-dimensional bidirectional LDA ((2D)2LDA), Weighted 2-dimensional bidirectional Linear Discriminant Analysis (Wt (2D)2 LDA). LDA reduces the feature dimension by extracting the features with greater variance. k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) classifier is used to classify and recognize the test image by comparing its feature with each of the training set features. The HGWLDA approach is robust against illumination conditions as the Gabor features are illumination invariant. This approach also aims at a better recognition rate using less number of features for varying expressions. The performance of the proposed HGWLDA approaches is evaluated using AT&T database, MIT-India face database and faces94 database. It is found that the proposed HGWLDA approach provides better results than the existing Gabor approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20recognition" title="face recognition">face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabor%20wavelet" title=" Gabor wavelet"> Gabor wavelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDA" title=" LDA"> LDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-NN%20classifier" title=" k-NN classifier"> k-NN classifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11196/hybrid-approach-for-face-recognition-combining-gabor-wavelet-and-linear-discriminant-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">774</span> Some Studies on Endometritis in Pure Arabian Mares</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairi%20El%20Battawy">Khairi El Battawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Skalicki"> Monika Skalicki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation has been done on pure Egyptian Arabian mares that reared in private horse studs. Fifty non-pregnant mares were selected and examined to classify them as either being reproductively healthy or subfertile mares including clinical endometritis, early embryonic death, granulosa cell tumor, repeat breeder (post-breeding endometritis), and anoestrus mares. The purpose of the study was to assess oxidative/antioxidant biochemical metabolites, lipogram, trace elements and reproductive hormones throughout reproductive conditions in mares during regular estrous, anestrum, early pregnancy, granulose cell tumor, ovulation failure, and endometritis. Results showed intensification of the free radical-dependent process in the blood of infertile mare, especially mares with endometritis. Ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool diagnosis of endometritis in mares was an important step as it revealed much information concerning infertility problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endometritis" title="endometritis">endometritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovulation" title=" ovulation"> ovulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative" title=" oxidative"> oxidative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mare" title=" mare"> mare</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88785/some-studies-on-endometritis-in-pure-arabian-mares" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">773</span> Antitumor Activity of Gold Nanorods against Mammary Gland and Skin Carcinoma in Dogs and Cats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdoon%20A.S.">Abdoon A.S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Ashkar%20E.A."> El Ashkar E.A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kandil%20O.M."> Kandil O.M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20H.%20Eisa"> Wael H. Eisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaban%20A.M."> Shaban A.M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20H.M."> Khaled H.M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Ashkar%20M.R."> El Ashkar M.R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Shaer%20M."> El Shaer M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20H."> Hussein H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaalan%20A.H."> Shaalan A.H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Sayed%20M."> El Sayed M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cancer is a major obstacle to human health and development worldwide. Conventional strategies for cancer intervention include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Recently, plasmon photothermal therapy (PPTT) was introduced as a promising treatment for the management of cancer and several non-cancerous diseases that are generally characterized by overgrowth of abnormal cells. The present work was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic efficacy and toxicity of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in dogs and cats suffering from spontaneous mammary gland. AuNRs was injected intratumoral (IT, n=10, dose of 75 p.p.m/kg body weight) or by using spray method after surgical removal of cancer tissue (n=2) in dogs and cats. Then exposed to laser light after 60 min. Treated animals were observed every 2 days and the morphological changes in tumor size and shape were recorded. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment for checking CBC, liver and kidney functions. Results revealed that AuNRs successfully treat mammary gland tumor in dogs and cats (adenocarcinoma type 1 to IV). AuNRs induced sloughing of carcinogenic tissue within 5 to 15 days. AuNRs have no toxic effect on blood profile and the toxicity studies still under evaluation. Conclusion, AuNRs can be used for treatment of mammary gland carcinoma in dogs and cats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pet%20animals" title="pet animals">pet animals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammary%20gland%20tumor" title=" mammary gland tumor"> mammary gland tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AuNRs" title=" AuNRs"> AuNRs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photothermal%20therapy" title=" photothermal therapy"> photothermal therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity%20studies" title=" toxicity studies"> toxicity studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24346/antitumor-activity-of-gold-nanorods-against-mammary-gland-and-skin-carcinoma-in-dogs-and-cats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">772</span> Implications of Human Cytomegalovirus as a Protective Factor in the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marissa%20Dallara">Marissa Dallara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amalia%20Ardeljan"> Amalia Ardeljan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lexi%20Frankel"> Lexi Frankel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Obaed"> Nadia Obaed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naureen%20Rashid"> Naureen Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Rashid"> Omar Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous virus that remains latent in approximately 60% of individuals in developed countries. Viral load is kept at a minimum due to a robust immune response that is produced in most individuals who remain asymptomatic. HCMV has been recently implicated in cancer research because it may impose oncomodulatory effects on tumor cells of which it infects, which could have an impact on the progression of cancer. HCMV has been implicated in increased pathogenicity of certain cancers such as gliomas, but in contrast, it can also exhibit anti-tumor activity. HCMV seropositivity has been recorded in tumor cells, but this may also have implications in decreased pathogenesis of certain forms of cancer such as leukemia as well as increased pathogenesis in others. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between cytomegalovirus and the incidence of breast cancer. Methods The data used in this project was extracted from a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant national database to analyze the patients infected versus patients not infection with cytomegalovirus using ICD-10, ICD-9 codes. Permission to utilize the database was given by Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, for the purpose of academic research. Data analysis was conducted using standard statistical methods. Results The query was analyzed for dates ranging from January 2010 to December 2019, which resulted in 14,309 patients in both the infected and control groups, respectively. The two groups were matched by age range and CCI score. The incidence of breast cancer was 1.642% and 235 patients in the cytomegalovirus group compared to 4.752% and 680 patients in the control group. The difference was statistically significant by a p-value of less than 2.2x 10^-16 with an odds ratio of 0.43 (0.4 to 0.48) with a 95% confidence interval. Investigation into the effects of HCMV treatment modalities, including Valganciclovir, Cidofovir, and Foscarnet, on breast cancer in both groups was conducted, but the numbers were insufficient to yield any statistically significant correlations. Conclusion This study demonstrates a statistically significant correlation between cytomegalovirus and a reduced incidence of breast cancer. If HCMV can exert anti-tumor effects on breast cancer and inhibit growth, it could potentially be used to formulate immunotherapy that targets various types of breast cancer. Further evaluation is warranted to assess the implications of cytomegalovirus in reducing the incidence of breast cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20cytomegalovirus" title="human cytomegalovirus">human cytomegalovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunotherapy" title=" immunotherapy"> immunotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-tumor" title=" anti-tumor"> anti-tumor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140179/implications-of-human-cytomegalovirus-as-a-protective-factor-in-the-pathogenesis-of-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">771</span> Regulating Nanocarrier and Mononuclear Phagocyte System Interactions through Esomeprazole-Based Preconditioning Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakia%20Belhadj">Zakia Belhadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bing%20He"> Bing He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Zhang"> Hua Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueqing%20Wang"> Xueqing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenbing%20Dai"> Wenbing Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Zhang"> Qiang Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) forms an abominable obstacle hampering the tumor delivery efficiency of nanoparticles. Passively targeted nanocarriers have received clinical approval over the past 20 years. However, none of the actively targeted nanocarriers have entered clinical trials. Thus it is important to endue effective targeting ability to actively targeted approaches by overcoming biological barriers to nanoparticle drug delivery. Here, it presents that an Esomeprazole-based preconditioning strategy for regulating nanocarrier-MPS interaction to substantially prolong circulation time and enhance tumor targeting of nanoparticles. In vitro, the clinically approved proton pump inhibitor Esomeprazole “ESO” was demonstrated to reduce interactions between macrophages and subsequently injected targeted vesicles by interfering with their lysosomal trafficking. Of note, in vivo studies demonstrated that ESO pretreatment greatly decreased the liver and spleen uptake of c(RGDm7)-modified vesicles, highly enhanced their tumor accumulation, thereby provided superior therapeutic efficacy of c(RGDm7)-modified vesicles co-loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX) and Gefitinib (GE). This MPS-preconditioning strategy using ESO provides deeper insights into regulating nanoparticles interaction with the phagocytic system and enhancing their cancer cells' accessibility for anticancer therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esomeprazole%20%28ESO%29" title="esomeprazole (ESO)">esomeprazole (ESO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mononuclear%20phagocyte%20system%20%28MPS%29" title=" mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)"> mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preconditioning%20strategy" title=" preconditioning strategy"> preconditioning strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=targeted%20lipid%20vesicles" title=" targeted lipid vesicles"> targeted lipid vesicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139048/regulating-nanocarrier-and-mononuclear-phagocyte-system-interactions-through-esomeprazole-based-preconditioning-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">770</span> Tumor Cell Detection, Isolation and Monitoring Using Bi-Layer Magnetic Microfluidic Chip </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Seyfoori">Amir Seyfoori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20%20Samiei"> Ehsan Samiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Akbari"> Mohsen Akbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of microtechnology for detection and high yield isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has shown enormous promise as an indication of clinical metastasis prognosis and cancer treatment monitoring. The Immunomagnetic assay has been also coupled to microtechnology to improve the selectivity and efficiency of the current methods of cancer biomarker isolation. In this way, generation and configuration of the local high gradient magnetic field play essential roles in such assay. Additionally, considering the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer cells, real-time analysis of isolated cells is necessary to characterize their responses to therapy. Totally, on-chip isolation and monitoring of the specific tumor cells is considered as a pressing need in the way of modified cancer therapy. To address these challenges, we have developed a bi-layer magnetic-based microfluidic chip for enhanced CTC detection and capturing. Micromagnet arrays at the bottom layer of the chip were fabricated using a new method of magnetic nanoparticle paste deposition so that they were arranged at the center of the chain microchannel with the lowest fluid velocity zone. Breast cancer cells labelled with EPCAM-conjugated smart microgels were immobilized on the tip of the micromagnets with greater localized magnetic field and stronger cell-micromagnet interaction. Considering different magnetic nano-powder usage (MnFe2O4 & gamma-Fe2O3) and micromagnet shapes (ellipsoidal & arrow), the capture efficiency of the systems was adjusted while the higher CTC capture efficiency was acquired for MnFe2O4 arrow micromagnet as around 95.5%. As a proof of concept of on-chip tumor cell monitoring, magnetic smart microgels made of thermo-responsive poly N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid (PNIPAM-AA) composition were used for both purposes of targeted cell capturing as well as cell monitoring using antibody conjugation and fluorescent dye loading at the same time. In this regard, magnetic microgels were successfully used as cell tracker after isolation process so that by raising the temperature up to 37⁰ C, they released the contained dye and stained the targeted cell just after capturing. This microfluidic device was able to provide a platform for detection, isolation and efficient real-time analysis of specific CTCs in the liquid biopsy of breast cancer patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circulating%20tumor%20cells" title="circulating tumor cells">circulating tumor cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic" title=" microfluidic"> microfluidic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunomagnetic" title=" immunomagnetic"> immunomagnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20isolation" title=" cell isolation"> cell isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125158/tumor-cell-detection-isolation-and-monitoring-using-bi-layer-magnetic-microfluidic-chip" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">769</span> Clinical Applications of Amide Proton Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Detection of Brain Tumor Proliferative Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fumihiro%20Ima">Fumihiro Ima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinichi%20Watanabe"> Shinichi Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shingo%20Maeda"> Shingo Maeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Imai"> Haruna Imai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroki%20Niimi"> Hiroki Niimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to know growth rate of brain tumors before surgery because it influences treatment planning including not only surgical resection strategy but also adjuvant therapy after surgery. Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is an emerging molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique based on chemical exchange saturation transfer without administration of contrast medium. The underlying assumption in APT imaging of tumors is that there is a close relationship between the proliferative activity of the tumor and mobile protein synthesis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of APT imaging of pre-and post-treatment brain tumors. Ten patients with brain tumor underwent conventional and APT-weighted sequences on a 3.0 Tesla MRI before clinical intervention. The maximum and the minimum APT-weighted signals (APTWmax and APTWmin) in each solid tumor region were obtained and compared before and after clinical intervention. All surgical specimens were examined for histopathological diagnosis. Eight of ten patients underwent adjuvant therapy after surgery. Histopathological diagnosis was glioma in 7 patients (WHO grade 2 in 2 patients, WHO grade 3 in 3 patients and WHO grade 4 in 2 patients), meningioma WHO grade1 in 2 patients and primary lymphoma of the brain in 1 patient. High-grade gliomas showed significantly higher APTW-signals than that in low-grade gliomas. APTWmax in one huge parasagittal meningioma infiltrating into the skull bone was higher than that in glioma WHO grade 4. On the other hand, APTWmax in another convexity meningioma was the same as that in glioma WHO grade 3. Diagnosis of primary lymphoma of the brain was possible with APT imaging before pathological confirmation. APTW-signals in residual tumors decreased dramatically within one year after adjuvant therapy in all patients. APT imaging demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance for the planning of surgery and adjuvant therapy of brain tumors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amides" title="amides">amides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title=" magnetic resonance imaging"> magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20tumors" title=" brain tumors"> brain tumors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20proliferation" title=" cell proliferation"> cell proliferation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157244/clinical-applications-of-amide-proton-transfer-magnetic-resonance-imaging-detection-of-brain-tumor-proliferative-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">768</span> Clinical Applications of Amide Proton Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Detection of Brain Tumor Proliferative Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fumihiro%20Imai">Fumihiro Imai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinichi%20Watanabe"> Shinichi Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shingo%20Maeda"> Shingo Maeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Imai"> Haruna Imai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroki%20Niimi"> Hiroki Niimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to know the growth rate of brain tumors before surgery because it influences treatment planning, including not only surgical resection strategy but also adjuvant therapy after surgery. Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is an emerging molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique based on chemical exchange saturation transfer without the administration of a contrast medium. The underlying assumption in APT imaging of tumors is that there is a close relationship between the proliferative activity of the tumor and mobile protein synthesis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of APT imaging of pre-and post-treatment brain tumors. Ten patients with brain tumor underwent conventional and APT-weighted sequences on a 3.0 Tesla MRI before clinical intervention. The maximum and the minimum APT-weighted signals (APTWmax and APTWmin) in each solid tumor region were obtained and compared before and after a clinical intervention. All surgical specimens were examined for histopathological diagnosis. Eight of ten patients underwent adjuvant therapy after surgery. Histopathological diagnosis was glioma in 7 patients (WHO grade 2 in 2 patients, WHO grade 3 in 3 patients, and WHO grade 4 in 2 patients), meningioma WHO grade 1 in 2 patients, and primary lymphoma of the brain in 1 patient. High-grade gliomas showed significantly higher APTW signals than that low-grade gliomas. APTWmax in one huge parasagittal meningioma infiltrating into the skull bone was higher than that in glioma WHO grade 4. On the other hand, APTWmax in another convexity meningioma was the same as that in glioma WHO grade 3. Diagnosis of primary lymphoma of the brain was possible with APT imaging before pathological confirmation. APTW signals in residual tumors decreased dramatically within one year after adjuvant therapy in all patients. APT imaging demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance for the planning of surgery and adjuvant therapy of brain tumors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amides" title="amides">amides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title=" magnetic resonance imaging"> magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20tumors" title=" brain tumors"> brain tumors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20proliferation" title=" cell proliferation"> cell proliferation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164452/clinical-applications-of-amide-proton-transfer-magnetic-resonance-imaging-detection-of-brain-tumor-proliferative-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">767</span> The Effects of pH on p53 Phosphorylation by Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serap%20Pektas">Serap Pektas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a serine-threonine kinase, which is the major regulator of the DNA damage response. ATM is activated upon the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the cells. ATM phosphorylates the proteins involved in apoptotic responses, cell cycle checkpoint control, DNA repair, etc. Tumor protein p53, known as p53 is one of these proteins that phosphorylated by ATM. Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 residue leads to p53 stabilization in the cells. Often enzymes activity is affected by hydrogen ion concentration (pH). In order to find the optimal pH range for ATM activity, steady-state kinetic assays were performed at acidic and basic pH ranges. Ser15 phosphorylation of p53 is determined by using ELISA. The results indicated that the phosphorylation rate was better at basic pH range compared with the acidic pH range. This could be due to enzyme stability, or enzyme-substrate interaction is pH dependent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ataxia%20telangiectasia%20mutated" title="ataxia telangiectasia mutated">ataxia telangiectasia mutated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20double%20strand%20breaks" title=" DNA double strand breaks"> DNA double strand breaks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20repair" title=" DNA repair"> DNA repair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20protein%20p53" title=" tumor protein p53"> tumor protein p53</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109929/the-effects-of-ph-on-p53-phosphorylation-by-ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-kinase" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">766</span> Numerical Simulation of Phase Transfer during Cryosurgery for an Irregular Tumor Using Hybrid Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rama%20Bhargava">Rama Bhargava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current paper, numerical simulation has been performed for the two-dimensional time dependent Pennes’ heat transfer model which is solved for irregular diseased tumor cells. An elliptic cryoprobe of varying sizes is taken at the center of the computational domain in such a manner that the location of the probe is fixed throughout the computation. The phase transition occurs due to the effect of probe with infusion of different nanoparticles Au, Al₂O₃, Fe₃O₄. The cooling performance of these nanoparticles injected at very low temperature, has been studied by implementing a hybrid FEM/EFGM method in which the whole domain is decomposed into two subdomains. The results are shown in terms of temperature profile inside the computational domain. Rate of cooling is obtained for various nanoparticles and it is observed that infusion of Au nanoparticles is very much efficient in increasing the heating rate than other nanoparticles. Such numerical scheme has direct applications where the domain is irregular. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryosurgery" title="cryosurgery">cryosurgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20EFGM%2FFEM" title=" hybrid EFGM/FEM"> hybrid EFGM/FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141329/numerical-simulation-of-phase-transfer-during-cryosurgery-for-an-irregular-tumor-using-hybrid-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">7</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=32">32</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=33">33</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20illumination&page=8" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>