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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;"/><title>Topical Bible: Ascetic</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/topical/a/ascetic.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/newtopical.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/topical/vmenus/colossians/2-23.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmcde/a/ascetic.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/topical/">Topical</a> > Ascetic</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/topical/a/ascertaining.htm" title="Ascertaining">◄</a> Ascetic <a href="/topical/naves/a/asceticism--extreme_application_of_rebuked_by_jesus.htm" title="Asceticism: Extreme Application of Rebuked by Jesus">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse">Jump to: <a href="#web" title="Webster's Dictionary">Webster's</a> • <a href="#cnc" title="Multiversion Concordance">Concordance</a> • <a href="#thes" title="Bible Thesaurus">Thesaurus</a> • <a href="#grk" title="Strong's Greek Concordance">Greek</a> • <a href="#heb" title="Strong's Hebrew Concordance">Hebrew</a> • <a href="#lib" title="Library">Library</a> • <a href="#sub" title="Subtopics">Subtopics</a> • <a href="#rel" title="Related Terms">Terms</a></div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><a name="te" id="te"></a><div class="vheading2">Topical Encyclopedia</div><b>Definition:</b> <br>Asceticism refers to a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various worldly pleasures, often with the aim of pursuing spiritual goals. In the Christian context, ascetic practices are undertaken to foster a deeper relationship with God, enhance spiritual discipline, and cultivate virtues such as humility, self-control, and devotion.<br><br><b>Biblical Context:</b> <br>The Bible does not explicitly use the term "ascetic," but it does provide examples and teachings that align with ascetic principles. Ascetic practices are often associated with fasting, prayer, and self-denial, which are seen as means to grow closer to God and to live a life that is pleasing to Him.<br><br><b>Old Testament Examples:</b> <br>In the Old Testament, the Nazirite vow is an example of a form of asceticism. Nazirites abstained from wine, cutting their hair, and contact with the dead as a sign of their dedication to God (<a href="/numbers/6.htm">Numbers 6:1-21</a>). The prophet Elijah is another figure who lived an ascetic lifestyle, often retreating to the wilderness and relying on God's provision (<a href="/1_kings/17-2.htm">1 Kings 17:2-6</a>).<br><br><b>New Testament Teachings:</b> <br>The New Testament provides further insight into ascetic practices. John the Baptist is a prominent ascetic figure, known for his simple lifestyle and diet of locusts and wild honey (<a href="/matthew/3-4.htm">Matthew 3:4</a>). Jesus Himself practiced fasting, as seen in His forty days in the wilderness (<a href="/matthew/4.htm">Matthew 4:1-2</a>). He taught about the importance of fasting and prayer, emphasizing that these practices should be done with sincerity and not for show (<a href="/matthew/6-16.htm">Matthew 6:16-18</a>).<br><br>The Apostle Paul also addresses asceticism in his letters. He speaks of disciplining the body and bringing it into subjection as a way to avoid disqualification in the spiritual race (<a href="/1_corinthians/9-27.htm">1 Corinthians 9:27</a>). However, Paul warns against extreme asceticism that is rooted in legalism or self-imposed piety, which can lead to pride or a false sense of righteousness (<a href="/colossians/2-20.htm">Colossians 2:20-23</a>).<br><br><b>Historical Development:</b> <br>Throughout church history, asceticism has been practiced by various Christian monastic communities, such as the Desert Fathers, who sought solitude and simplicity to deepen their spiritual lives. Monastic rules often included vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, reflecting a commitment to ascetic ideals.<br><br><b>Theological Considerations:</b> <br>From a theological perspective, asceticism is seen as a means to an end, not an end in itself. It is a tool for spiritual growth and transformation, helping believers to focus on eternal values rather than temporal pleasures. Ascetic practices are intended to cultivate a heart that is fully devoted to God, echoing the call to "be holy, because I am holy" (<a href="/1_peter/1-16.htm">1 Peter 1:16</a>).<br><br><b>Practical Application:</b> <br>In contemporary Christian practice, asceticism can take various forms, such as fasting, simplicity in lifestyle, and intentional periods of solitude and prayer. These practices are encouraged as ways to deepen one's faith and reliance on God, fostering a life that reflects the character of Christ.<br><br><b>Conclusion:</b> <br>While asceticism is not mandated for all believers, it remains a respected and valuable tradition within Christianity, offering a pathway to spiritual maturity and a deeper communion with God.<a name="web" id="web"></a><div class="vheading2">Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary</div>1. (<I>a.</I>) Extremely rigid in self-denial and devotion; austere; severe.<p>2. (<I>n.</I>) In the early church, one who devoted himself to a solitary and contemplative life, characterized by devotion, extreme self-denial, and self-mortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices extreme rigor and self-denial in religious things.<a name="grk" id="grk"></a><div class="vheading2">Greek</div><a href="/greek/857.htm"><span class="l">857. apheidia -- unsparing treatment</span></a> <br><b>...</b> 857 -- (from 1 "not" and 5339 , "to spare") -- properly, severity, referring to<br> a " form of self-control" based on an <b>ascetic</b>, unsparing attitude" (, 1, 88.90 <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/857.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 7k</font><a name="heb" id="heb"></a><div class="vheading2">Strong's Hebrew</div><a href="/hebrew/3649.htm"><span class="l">3649. komer -- a priest (in idol worship)</span></a><br><b>...</b> From kamar; properly, an <b>ascetic</b> (as if shrunk with self-maceration), ie An idolatrous<br> priest (only in plural) -- Chemarims (idolatrous) priests. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/hebrew/3649.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 6k</font><a name="lib" id="lib"></a><div class="vheading2">Library</div><p><a href="/library/basil/basil_letters_and_select_works/iii_ascetic.htm"><span class="l"><b>Ascetic</b>.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> Sketch of the Life and Works of Saint Basil. III."<b>Ascetic</b>. <b>...</b> [570] The cultivation<br> of the ground is the most suitable occupation for the <b>ascetic</b> life. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">//christianbookshelf.org/basil/basil letters and select works/iii ascetic.htm</font><p><a href="/library/kingsley/daily_thoughts_/the_ascetic_painters_february_16.htm"><span class="l">The <b>Ascetic</b> Painters. February 16.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> The <b>Ascetic</b> Painters. February 16. We owe much (notwithstanding their partial<br> and Manichean idea of beauty) to the early <b>ascetic</b> painters. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../kingsley/daily thoughts /the ascetic painters february 16.htm</font><p><a href="/library/chrysostom/on_the_priesthood/chapter_iii_his_conversion_and_ascetic.htm"><span class="l">His Conversion and <b>Ascetic</b> Life.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> Chapter III."His Conversion and <b>Ascetic</b> Life. The quiet study of the Scriptures,<br> the example of his pious mother, the acquaintance <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../chrysostom/on the priesthood/chapter iii his conversion and ascetic.htm</font><p><a href="/library/schaff/the_seven_ecumenical_councils/canon_xlvi_those_women_who.htm"><span class="l">Those Women who Choose the <b>Ascetic</b> Life and are Settled in <b>...</b></span></a> <br><b>...</b> The Sixth Ecumenical Council. Canon XLVI. Those women who choose the <b>ascetic</b><br> life and are settled in monasteries may by no? Those <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../schaff/the seven ecumenical councils/canon xlvi those women who.htm</font><p><a href="/library/benincasa/letters_of_catherine_benincasa/to_a_religious_man_in.htm"><span class="l">To a Religious Man in Florence who was Shocked at Her <b>Ascetic</b> <b>...</b></span></a> <br><b>...</b> LETTERS TO A RELIGIOUS MAN IN FLORENCE WHO WAS SHOCKED AT HER <b>ASCETIC</b> PRACTICES.<br> In the Name of Jesus Christ crucified and of sweet Mary: <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../benincasa/letters of catherine benincasa/to a religious man in.htm</font><p><a href="/library/sozomen/the_ecclesiastical_history_of_sozomenus/chapter_xix_obstinancy_of_theophilus_enmity.htm"><span class="l">Obstinancy of Theophilus. Enmity Between the Egyptians and the <b>...</b></span></a> <br><b>...</b> Enmity between the Egyptians and the Citizens of Constantinople. Flight of<br> Theophilus. Nilammon the <b>Ascetic</b>. The Synod concerning John. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../chapter xix obstinancy of theophilus enmity.htm</font><p><a href="/library/anonymous/the_general_menaion/chapter_xviii_the_general_service.htm"><span class="l">The General Service to a Monk-Martyr.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> Having received the grace of the Consubstantial Trinity, O great preacher and<br> <b>ascetic</b>, supplicate for our souls. [Both now ...the Theotokion: <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../anonymous/the general menaion/chapter xviii the general service.htm</font><p><a href="/library/basil/basil_letters_and_select_works/iii_life_at_caesarea_baptism_and.htm"><span class="l">Life at C??sarea; Baptism; and Adoption of Monastic Life.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> According to his friend Gregory, Basil had already determined to renounce the world,<br> in the sense of devoting himself to an <b>ascetic</b> and philosophic life. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../basil/basil letters and select works/iii life at caesarea baptism and.htm</font><p><a href="/library/anonymous/the_general_menaion/chapter_xix_the_general_service.htm"><span class="l">The General Service to Two or Many Monk Martyrs.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> saved. O <b>ascetic</b> martyrs of Christ! <b>...</b> mercy. The Versicle : Precious in the sight<br> of the Lord is the death of His saints. O <b>ascetic</b> martyrs! <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../anonymous/the general menaion/chapter xix the general service.htm</font><p><a href="/library/schaff/history_of_the_christian_church_volume_i/section_94_the_epistle_to.htm"><span class="l">The Epistle to the Colossians.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> The Colossian heresy was an Essenic and <b>ascetic</b> type of Gnosticism; it derived its<br> ritualistic and practical elements from Judaism, its speculative elements <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../schaff/history of the christian church volume i/section 94 the epistle to.htm</font><a name="thes" id="thes"></a><div class="vheading2">Thesaurus</div><a href="/topical/a/ascetic.htm"><span class="l"><b>Ascetic</b> (1 Occurrence)</span></a><br><b>...</b> religious things. Multi-Version Concordance <b>Ascetic</b> (1 Occurrence). Colossians<br> 2:23 These rules have indeed an appearance of wisdom <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/a/ascetic.htm - 7k</font><p><a href="/topical/a/abstinence.htm"><span class="l">Abstinence (2 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> In the fragments of his sermons which are preserved in the Gospels there is no trace<br> of any exhortation to <b>ascetic</b> exercises, though John's disciples practiced <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/a/abstinence.htm - 25k</font><p><a href="/topical/g/general.htm"><span class="l">General (9 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> expression of the Acts of Paul) "the word of God regarding abstinence and the<br> resurrection." 4. Heretical Teaching: Besides inculcating an <b>ascetic</b> morality the <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/g/general.htm - 49k</font><p><a href="/topical/g/gnosticism.htm"><span class="l">Gnosticism</span></a><br><b>...</b> This <b>ascetic</b> tendency is wonderfully widespread; it reappears century after century,<br> and shows itself in many forms of religion, not merely in distorted forms <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/g/gnosticism.htm - 38k</font><p><a href="/topical/t/temptation.htm"><span class="l">Temptation (22 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Jesus was so intensely absorbed that He forgot to eat. There was nothing <b>ascetic</b><br> or ritualistic about it, and so this is no example for <b>ascetic</b> fasting for us. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/t/temptation.htm - 30k</font><p><a href="/topical/a/apocryphal.htm"><span class="l">Apocryphal</span></a><br><b>...</b> expression of the Acts of Paul) "the word of God regarding abstinence and the<br> resurrection." 4. Heretical Teaching: Besides inculcating an <b>ascetic</b> morality the <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/a/apocryphal.htm - 101k</font><p><a href="/topical/n/natures.htm"><span class="l">Natures (12 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Colossians 2:23 These rules have indeed an appearance of wisdom where self-imposed<br> worship exists, and an affectation of humility and an <b>ascetic</b> severity. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/n/natures.htm - 10k</font><p><a href="/topical/j/josephus.htm"><span class="l">Josephus</span></a><br><b>...</b> to one Banus, an ESSENES, (which see), in the desert of Engedi, with whom he remained<br> for 3 years, absorbing occult lore, and practicing the <b>ascetic</b> life. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/j/josephus.htm - 13k</font><p><a href="/topical/f/flavius.htm"><span class="l">Flavius</span></a><br><b>...</b> to one Banus, an ESSENES, (which see), in the desert of Engedi, with whom he remained<br> for 3 years, absorbing occult lore, and practicing the <b>ascetic</b> life. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/f/flavius.htm - 13k</font><p><a href="/topical/r/restraining.htm"><span class="l">Restraining (9 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Colossians 2:23 These rules have indeed an appearance of wisdom where self-imposed<br> worship exists, and an affectation of humility and an <b>ascetic</b> severity. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/r/restraining.htm - 9k</font><p><a name="res" id="res"></a><div class="vheading2">Resources</div><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-asceticism-monasticism.html">What is the Christian view of asceticism / monasticism? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Gautama-Buddha.html">Who was Gautama Buddha? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/buddhism.html">What is Buddhism and what do Buddhists believe? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://clyx.com/term/ascetic.htm">Ascetic: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com</a><br /><br /><a href="/concordance/">Bible Concordance</a> • <a href="/dictionary/">Bible Dictionary</a> • <a href="/encyclopedia/">Bible Encyclopedia</a> • <a href="/topical/">Topical Bible</a> • <a href="/thesaurus/">Bible Thesuarus</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="cnc" id="cnc"></a><div class="vheading2">Concordance</div><span class="encheading">Ascetic (1 Occurrence)</span><p><span class="rtext"><a href="/colossians/2-23.htm">Colossians 2:23</a></span><br />These rules have indeed an appearance of wisdom where self-imposed worship exists, and an affectation of humility and an <span class="boldtext">ascetic</span> severity. But not one of them is of any value in combating the indulgence of our lower natures.<br /><span class="source">(WEY)</span><a name="sub" id="sub"></a><div class="vheading2">Subtopics</div><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/a/ascetic.htm">Ascetic</a></p><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/naves/a/asceticism--extreme_application_of_rebuked_by_jesus.htm">Asceticism: Extreme Application of Rebuked by Jesus</a></p><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/naves/a/asceticism--extreme_application_of_rebuked_by_paul.htm">Asceticism: Extreme Application of Rebuked by Paul</a></p><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/naves/a/asceticism--the_practice_of_john_the_baptist.htm">Asceticism: The Practice of John the Baptist</a></p><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/naves/t/those_who_practiced_celibacy_for_the_kingdom_of_heaven's_sake.htm">Those Who Practiced Celibacy "For the Kingdom of Heaven's Sake"</a></p><a name="rel" id="rel"></a><div class="vheading2">Related Terms</div><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/abstinence.htm">Abstinence (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/general.htm">General (9 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/gnosticism.htm">Gnosticism</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/temptation.htm">Temptation (22 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/apocryphal.htm">Apocryphal</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/n/natures.htm">Natures (12 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/josephus.htm">Josephus</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/f/flavius.htm">Flavius</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/r/restraining.htm">Restraining (9 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/exists.htm">Exists (18 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/exercise.htm">Exercise (35 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/beatitudes.htm">Beatitudes</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/combating.htm">Combating (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/chemarim.htm">Chemarim (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/aschenaz.htm">Aschenaz</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/ascertaining.htm">Ascertaining (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/apostolic.htm">Apostolic (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/r/rules.htm">Rules (160 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/lower.htm">Lower (72 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/r/rudiments.htm">Rudiments (5 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/ablution.htm">Ablution</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/gifts.htm">Gifts (144 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/joy.htm">Joy (422 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/selfsurrender.htm">Selfsurrender</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/self-surrender.htm">Self-surrender</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/appearance.htm">Appearance (126 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/comparative.htm">Comparative</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/agape.htm">Agape</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/acts.htm">Acts (271 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/v/vulgate.htm">Vulgate</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/r/redeemer.htm">Redeemer (42 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/r/redemption.htm">Redemption (46 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/borrowing.htm">Borrowing (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/brethren.htm">Brethren (528 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/magician.htm">Magician (5 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/magic.htm">Magic (12 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/w/worship.htm">Worship (332 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/essenes.htm">Essenes</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/lord.htm">Lord (59401 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/h/herod.htm">Herod (45 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/press.htm">Press (57 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/h/healing.htm">Healing (60 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/w/wine.htm">Wine (282 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/judaeus.htm">Judaeus</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/philo.htm">Philo</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/separate.htm">Separate (115 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/epistles.htm">Epistles (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/baptist.htm">Baptist (16 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/james.htm">James (40 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/j/john.htm">John (154 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/r/religion.htm">Religion (23 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