CINXE.COM
Cacophony of Democracy: A Reflection on Safdar Hashmi’s Legacy - Frontline
<!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"><head><title> Cacophony of Democracy: A Reflection on Safdar Hashmi’s Legacy - Frontline </title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name="title" content="Cacophony of Democracy: A Reflection on Safdar Hashmi’s Legacy" /><meta name="description" content="Safdar Hashmi: Towards Theatre for Democracy by Anjum Katyal howls for democracy. This study is a rich addition to the Safdar Hashmi oeuvre, placing as it does his life, works, and dreams in the larger context of keeping dialogues alive." /><meta name="publish-date" content="2024-10-30T01:21:09+05:30"/><meta name="created-date" content="2024-10-30T01:21:09+05:30"/><meta name="modified-date" content="2024-10-30T14:23:50+05:30" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-10-29T19:51:09.000Z"/><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-10-30T08:53:50Z"/><meta name="cXenseParse:articleid" content="68769653"/><meta name="cXenseParse:thg-articleid" content="68769653"/><meta name="cXenseParse:thg-articletype" content="storyline"/><meta property="al:android:url" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" /><meta property="article:section" content="Books"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Safdar Hashmi"/><meta property="article:tag" content="safdar hashmi towards theatre for a democracy"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Anjum Katyal "/><meta property="article:tag" content="Qamar Hashmi"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Indian theatre"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust"/><meta property="article:tag" content="A History of the Jana Natya Manch"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Sudhanva Deshpande"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Halla Bol: The Death and Life of Safdar Hashmi"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Hatyare "/><meta property="article:tag" content="Moteram ka Satyagraha"/><meta property="article:tag" content="Chameli Jaan "/><meta property="article:tag" content="Augusto Boal"/><meta property="article:author" content="A. Mangai"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="A. Mangai"><meta name="keywords" content="Safdar Hashmi,safdar hashmi towards theatre for a democracy,Anjum Katyal ,Qamar Hashmi,Indian theatre,Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust,A History of the Jana Natya Manch,Sudhanva Deshpande,Halla Bol: The Death and Life of Safdar Hashmi,Hatyare ,Moteram ka Satyagraha,Chameli Jaan ,Augusto Boal"/><meta name="news_keywords" content="Safdar Hashmi,safdar hashmi towards theatre for a democracy,Anjum Katyal ,Qamar Hashmi,Indian theatre,Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust,A History of the Jana Natya Manch,Sudhanva Deshpande,Halla Bol: The Death and Life of Safdar Hashmi,Hatyare ,Moteram ka Satyagraha,Chameli Jaan ,Augusto Boal"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta name="atdlayout" content="articlepage" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Cacophony of Democracy: A Reflection on Safdar Hashmi’s Legacy"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Safdar Hashmi: Towards Theatre for Democracy by Anjum Katyal howls for democracy. This study is a rich addition to the Safdar Hashmi oeuvre, placing as it does his life, works, and dreams in the larger context of keeping dialogues alive."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/t65a07/article68769616.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1200/Safdar%20Hashmi%20Aya%20Chunav.jpg"><meta name="cXenseParse:title" content="Safdar Hashmi’s transformative approach to theatre as a democratic force" /><meta name="cXenseParse:description" content="Through plays like Hatyare and Aurat, Hashmi tackled communalism and gender issues while building an inclusive, collaborative artistic practice."/><meta property="og:title" content="Cacophony of Democracy: A Reflection on Safdar Hashmi’s Legacy" /><meta property="og:description" content="Safdar Hashmi: Towards Theatre for Democracy by Anjum Katyal howls for democracy. This study is a rich addition to the Safdar Hashmi oeuvre, placing as it does his life, works, and dreams in the larger context of keeping dialogues alive." /><meta property="og:image" content="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/t65a07/article68769616.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1200/Safdar%20Hashmi%20Aya%20Chunav.jpg" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" /><meta property="al:android:url" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta name="ahrefs-site-verification" content="6df5b97abf2ea60f2d4123265496b92b4faa009ceff5444e0b8482ebddd508d6" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="WY1FmWvKRVS0orKhLIaom7dbGrniILc-sHUaRmeR6cs" /><meta name="msvalidate:01" content="A0ACE607D11E08C87CE9AEB4F809133F" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:domain" content="frontline.in" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@frontline_india" /><meta property="fb:app_id" content="304083423879211" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Frontline" /><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/favicon.ico" /><link rel="icon" type="image/ico" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/favicon.ico" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" /><link rel="amphtml" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece/amp/"><link href="https://assets.fewcents.co/" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://assets.fewcents.co/" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://images.fewcents.co/" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://images.fewcents.co/" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://cdn.tinypass.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://cdn.tinypass.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://cdn.cxense.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://cdn.cxense.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://experience.tinypass.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://experience.tinypass.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://consent.trustarc.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://consent.trustarc.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://buy.tinypass.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://buy.tinypass.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://trustarc.mgr.consensu.org" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://trustarc.mgr.consensu.org" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://connect.facebook.net" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://connect.facebook.net" rel="preconnect"><link rel="preload" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png"><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ 'pageDetails' : { 'pageType' : 'article' , 'headline' : 'Safdar Hashmi’s transformative approach to theatre as a democratic force' , 'articleId' : '68769653' , 'articleType' : 'free', 'authorName' : 'A. Mangai' , 'publishDate' : '2024-10-30' , 'publishTime' : '01:21' , 'hoursSincePublished' : '1944', 'contentCategory' : 'books','featureType' : 'storyline Commentary' , 'articleTags' : 'Volume41-Issue22' // when available } }); </script><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(["init", function () { if (tp.user.isUserValid()) { dataLayer.push({ 'data' : { 'email': tp.pianoId.getUser().email, 'uid': tp.pianoId.getUser().uid, 'platform': thgpiplatform() } }); } }]); </script><link rel="preload" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&display=swap&family=Playfair+Display:wght@400;600;700;800;900&display=swap&family=Faustina:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&display=swap&family=Playfair+Display:wght@400;600;700;800;900&display=swap&family=Faustina:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><style> @charset "UTF-8"; @font-face { font-family: "Publico Extra Bold Italic"; src: url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-BlackItalic-Web.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-BlackItalic-Web.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 800; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Publico Extra Bold"; src: url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-Black-Web.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-Black-Web.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 800; font-style: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Publico Bold Italic"; src: url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-BoldItalic-Web.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-BoldItalic-Web.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 600; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Publico Bold"; src: url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-Bold-Web.woff2" ) format("woff2"), url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-Bold-Web.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Publico Italic"; src: url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-Italic-Web.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-Italic-Web.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Publico"; src: url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-Roman-Web.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/fonts/PublicoBanner-Roman-Web.woff") format("woff"); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; } </style><link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/fl-online/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1737011807" as="style"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/fl-online/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1737011807" /><link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/fl-online.min.css?ver=1737011855" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/fl-online.min.css?ver=1737011855" as="style"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/fl-online/print.min.css?ver=1737011911" media="none" onload="if(media!='print')media='print'"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/fl-online/print.min.css?ver=1737011911" media="none" onload="if(media!='print')media='print'"><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/fl-online/print.min.css?ver=1737011911" media="print"></noscript><link rel="preload" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/js/require.min.js?ver=1737011758" as="script"><script src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/js/require.min.js?ver=1737011758" data-cfasync="false" ></script><script data-cfasync="false"> require.config({ // Local Directory baseUrl: "https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/js", // Script Locations paths: { "jquery": "3.4.1/jquery.min", "bootstrap":"fl-online/bootstrap.bundle.min", "swiper": "fl-online/swiper.min", "jplayer": "fl-online/jquery.jplayer.min", "jplayerlist": "fl-online/jplayer.playlist.min", "bootstrap-datepicker": "fl-online/bootstrap-datepicker.min", "owlCarousel":"fl-online/owl.carousel.min", "ua-parser": "ua-parser.min", "custom":"https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/js/fl-online/custom.js?ver=1737011758", "jquery-ui" : "jquery-ui-1.13.2.min" }, shim: { 'swiper': ['jquery'], 'bootstrap': ['jquery'], 'jplayerlist': ['jquery','jplayer'] }, waitSeconds:0 }); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> require(['jquery','bootstrap','custom']); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(w,d,s,r,k,h,m){ if(w.performance && w.performance.timing && w.performance.navigation) { w[r] = w[r] || function(){(w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(arguments)}; (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['trackConsoleEvents',true]); (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['addBreadCrumbs',"setTimeoutFunction"]); tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(["init", function () { if (tp.user.isUserValid()) { (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['userId',tp.pianoId.getUser().email]); } }]); h=d.createElement('script');h.async=true;h.setAttribute('src',s+k); d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(h); (m = window.onerror),(window.onerror = function (b, c, d, f, g) { m && m(b, c, d, f, g),g || (g = new Error(b)),(w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(["captureException",g]);}) } })(window,document,'//static.site24x7rum.in/beacon/site24x7rum-min.js?appKey=','s247r','53c4badd3a20139b36f250cd54fc9004'); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> if(!(window.fetch&&window.Promise&&[].includes&&Object.assign&&window.Map)){ document.write('<script src="https://cdn.polyfill.io/v2/polyfill.min.js?features=default,fetch"></scr'+'ipt>'); } </script><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> !function(){const e=()=>{const e="__tcfapiLocator",t=[],n=window;let o,s,a=n;for(;a;){try{if(a.frames[e]){o=a;break}}catch(c){}if(a===n.top)break;a=a.parent}o||(!function t(){const o=n.document,s=!!n.frames[e];if(!s)if(o.body){const t=o.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,o.body.appendChild(t)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!s}(),n.__tcfapi=function(...e){if(!e.length)return t;"setGdprApplies"===e[0]?e.length>3&&2===parseInt(e[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof e[3]&&(s=e[3],"function"==typeof e[2]&&e[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===e[0]?"function"==typeof e[2]&&e[2]({gdprApplies:s,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):t.push(e)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(e){const t="string"==typeof e.data;let n={};if(t)try{n=JSON.parse(e.data)}catch(c){}else n=e.data;const o="object"==typeof n&&null!==n?n.__tcfapiCall:null;o&&window.__tcfapi(o.command,o.version,(function(n,s){let a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:n,success:s,callId:o.callId}};e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),o.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e:e()}(); </script><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> var thgCookieConsent = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { let script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = "https://consent.truste.com/notice?domain=thehindugroup.com&c=teconsent>m=1&pcookie&js=nj¬iceType=bb&privacypolicylink=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindugroup.com%2Fprivacy.html"; script.async = true; script.onload = function(){ resolve(script); } script.onerror =function(){ resolve(script); } document.head.append(script); }); </script><script type = "text/javascript" data-cfasync = "false" > function appURL(){ return "https://frontline.thehindu.com/"; } function pageType(){ return "art"; } function pageTypeName(){return "Article"; } var DevIdf = { isMobile: false, isTablet: false, isDesktop: false, isMobileAndroid: false, isMobileIos: false, isLargeDesktop: false }; var ClientdeviceType = { "xlarge": "(min-width: 1600px)", "large": "(min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1599px)", "small": "(max-width: 767px)", "medium": "(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)" }; var userAgent = navigator.userAgent || navigator.vendor || window.opera; function isDeviceEnabled(DeviceValue) {if (DeviceValue == "large" && (DevIdf.isDesktop || DevIdf.isLargeDesktop)) { return true; }else if (DeviceValue == "medium" && DevIdf.isTablet) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "small" && DevIdf.isMobile) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "twa" && (DevIdf.isMobileAndroid || DevIdf.isMobileIos)) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "all") { return true; } return false; } for (var type in ClientdeviceType) { if (window.matchMedia(ClientdeviceType[type]).matches) { switch (type) { case "xlarge": DevIdf.isLargeDesktop = true; break; case "large": DevIdf.isDesktop = true; break; case "medium": DevIdf.isTablet = true; break; case "small": DevIdf.isMobile = true; if( userAgent.match( /iPad/i ) || userAgent.match( /iPhone/i ) || userAgent.match( /iPod/i ) ){ DevIdf.isMobileIos = true; }else{ DevIdf.isMobileAndroid = true; } break; } break; } } function loadScript(url) { var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = url; var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.appendChild(s); } function loadCSS(url) { var link = document.createElement('link'); link.rel = 'stylesheet'; link.href = url; link.type = 'text/css'; var el = document.getElementsByTagName('link')[0]; el.parentNode.insertBefore(link, el); } function getUrlParameter( name, url ) { if (!url) url = location.href; name = name.replace(/[\[]/,"\\\[").replace(/[\]]/,"\\\]"); var regexS = "[\\?&]"+name+"=([^&#]*)"; var regex = new RegExp(regexS,"i"); var results = regex.exec( url ); return results == null ? null : results[1]; } function createCookie(name,value,days) { if (days) { var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "; expires="+date.toGMTString(); } else var expires = ""; document.cookie = name+"="+value+expires+"; path=/"; } function eraseCookie(name) { createCookie(name,"",-1); } function readCookie(name) { var nameEQ = name + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for(var i=0;i < ca.length;i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1,c.length); if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length,c.length); } return null; } function deleteCookie(name) { createCookiewithdomain(name,null,-1); } function createCookiewithdomain(name,value,days) { if (days) { var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "; expires="+date.toGMTString(); } else var expires = ""; document.cookie = name+"="+value+expires+"; domain="+document.location.host.match(/\.[.\w]*/)+";path=/"; } function getStorage(name){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) { if (localStorage.getItem(name)){ cookieObj = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(name)); if (cookieObj !== undefined && (cookieObj.e == null || cookieObj.e > new Date())){return cookieObj.v === undefined ? null : cookieObj.v ; } else{localStorage.removeItem(name);} } return null; } else {return readCookie(name);} } function setStorage(name,value,days){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) { var date = new Date(); localStorage.setItem(name,JSON.stringify({"v":value, "e":date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000))})) } else {createCookie(name,value,days);} } function eraseStorage(name){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) {localStorage.removeItem(name);} else{eraseCookie(name)} } var isNonSubcribed = true;function isNonSubcribedUser(){return isNonSubcribed;} var myUserStatus = "anon";function UserCurrentStatus(){return myUserStatus;}var imageSizes = [80, 100, 115, 140, 155 ,170, 215, 230, 240, 300, 320, 355,385, 435, 460, 480,560, 615, 660, 730, 810, 960, 1080, 1140, 1200];function imglazyload(selector){ var lazyImages = []; if(typeof selector !== 'undefined' && selector){ lazyImages = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(selector +" img.lazy")); } else{ lazyImages = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("img.lazy")) } if ("IntersectionObserver" in window) { let lazyImageObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { let lazyImage = entry.target lazyImageloader(lazyImage); lazyImageObserver.unobserve(lazyImage); } }); }); lazyImages.forEach(function(lazyImage) { lazyImageObserver.observe(lazyImage); }); } else { lazyImages.forEach(function(lazyImage) { lazyImageloader(lazyImage); }); } window.__thgimgloaded = true; } function lazyImageloader(lazyImage){ let variant = lazyImage.dataset.deviceVariant; let imagesrc = lazyImage.dataset.srcTemplate; if(typeof imagesrc !="undefined" && imagesrc != ""){ if(typeof variant !="undefined" && variant != ""){ let position = 0; if(DevIdf.isDesktop){ position = 1; } else if(DevIdf.isTablet){ position = 2; } else if(DevIdf.isMobile){ position = 3; } variant = variant.split("~")[position]; var selected = Math.max.apply(null, imageSizes); for (var i = 0; i < imageSizes.length; i++) { if (lazyImage.offsetWidth <= imageSizes[i]) { selected = imageSizes[i]; break; } } var alterRegEx = new RegExp("alternates\/[a-z0-9_]*", "ig"); imagesrc = imagesrc.replace(alterRegEx,"alternates/"+variant + "_" + selected); lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } else{ lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } } lazyImage.classList.remove("lazy"); }var promiseResolve, promiseReject;userIdentify = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){promiseResolve = resolve;promiseReject = reject;});var thg={required:!0,functional:!1,advertising:!1,requiredCookie:function(){return thg.required},functionalCookie:function(){return thg.functional},advertisingCookie:function(){return thg.advertising}};thgCookieConsent.then(function(){var constentbehavior=readCookie("notice_behavior"),cookieconsent=readCookie("cmapi_cookie_privacy");null==cookieconsent&&null!=constentbehavior&&-1==constentbehavior.indexOf("eu")?(thg.functional=!0,thg.advertising=!0):null!==cookieconsent?(cookieconsent.indexOf("permit")>-1&&cookieconsent.indexOf("2")>-1&&(thg.functional=!0),cookieconsent.indexOf("permit")>-1&&cookieconsent.indexOf("3")>-1&&(thg.advertising=!0)):null==constentbehavior&&(thg.functional=!0,thg.advertising=!0);}); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> var _paq = window._paq || []; var _thg_config = window["_thg_config"] || {}; window._thg_config.ufenpoint = "https://uf.thehindu.com/"; window._thg_config.ufsiteId= "fl" </script><script data-cfasync="false"> document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 5 * 1000); document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; }; var script = document.createElement("script"); script.setAttribute("async", true); script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js"); script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);"); document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); </script><script data-cfasync="false">(function(src) { var a = document.createElement("script"); a.type = "text/javascript"; a.async = true; a.src = src; var b = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) })("https://experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=7JJs2o4rpu"); tp = window["tp"] || [];tp.push(["setContentCreated", "2024-10-30T01:21:09+0530"]); tp.push(["setContentAuthor", "A. Mangai"]); tp.push(["setContentSection", "Books"]); tp.push(["setTags", ["storyline","Volume41-Issue22"]]); tp.push(["setContentIsNative", false]); tp.push(["setZone", (DevIdf.isMobile === true ? 'MobileWeb' : 'Web')]);</script><script data-cfasync="false"> function createElementScript(element, className, id = null, styles = {}) { var el = document.createElement(element); el.className = className; for (var key in styles) { el.style[key] = styles[key]; } if (id != null) { el.id = id; } return el; } function insertElementbegin(selector,insertelement){ selector.insertAdjacentElement('afterbegin',insertelement) } function insertElementEnd(selector,insertelement){ selector.insertAdjacentElement('afterend',insertelement) } </script><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-N24644H'); </script><script type="text/javascript">var _comscore = _comscore || [];thgCookieConsent.then(function() {if(thg.functionalCookie()){const options={enableFirstPartyCookie: true};if(readCookie("notice_behavior") == 'none'){options.bypassUserConsentRequirementFor1PCookie = true;}_comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "11398210",options: options}); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true;s.src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/11398210/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();}});</script><noscript><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=11398210&cs_ucfr=1&cv=4.4.0&cj=1"> /></noscript><style> .article-section .comments-shares p, .article-section .comments-shares a { display: block; color: #000000; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; line-height: normal; text-align: left; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5px; text-transform: uppercase; position: relative; text-decoration: none; } .container.article-section .author-name .by { display: none; } /* removed spoltlight in article page */ .article-top-center-align .label.environment{display:none;} /*package article issue */ @media screen and (max-width: 570px){ .row.mobile-row-element.element-inside-article .packageType h3.title.big { margin-left: 115px !important; } .article-section .hide-mobile { visibility: visible; height: unset !important; max-height: unset !important; } } @media(max-width:767px){ .gsiOverlay{ z-index: 9999 !important;} } @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { .oTO-Text-points { display: none; } } .light-box.show-info .info span.coral-count.text {display: none;} </style></head><body class="base-font bg-white books"><meta itemprop="headline" content="Cacophony of Democracy: A Reflection on Safdar Hashmi’s Legacy "/><meta itemprop="description" content="Safdar Hashmi: Towards Theatre for Democracy by Anjum Katyal howls for democracy. This study is a rich addition to the Safdar Hashmi oeuvre, placing as it does his life, works, and dreams in the larger context of keeping dialogues alive."/><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-10-30T01:21:09+05:30"/><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-10-30T14:23:50+05:30"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece"/><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Safdar Hashmi,safdar hashmi towards theatre for a democracy,Anjum Katyal ,Qamar Hashmi,Indian theatre,Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust,A History of the Jana Natya Manch,Sudhanva Deshpande,Halla Bol: The Death and Life of Safdar Hashmi,Hatyare ,Moteram ka Satyagraha,Chameli Jaan ,Augusto Boal"/><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Books"/><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"/><meta content="A. Mangai" itemprop="name"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/A---Mangai-20415/"/></span><span itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="image"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/t65a07/article68769616.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1200/Safdar%20Hashmi%20Aya%20Chunav.jpg"/><meta content="1200" itemprop="width"/><meta content="675" itemprop="height"/></span><span itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="publisher"/><span itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="logo"/><meta content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/fl-logo-amp-new.png" itemprop="url"/><meta content="600" itemprop="width"/><meta content="60" itemprop="height"/></span><meta content="Frontline" itemprop="name"/><meta content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/" itemprop="url"/></span><span itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage"/><meta content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" itemprop="url"/></span><meta itemprop="isAccessibleForFree" content="false" /><div itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork http://schema.org/Product"><meta itemprop="name" content="Frontline" /><meta itemprop="productID" content="frontline.thehindu.com:showcase" /></div><span itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Frontline"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/"/><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/fl-logo-amp-new.png"/><span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"><meta itemprop="streetAddress" content="Kasturi Building, Anna Salai, 859-860, Mount Road"/><meta itemprop="addressLocality" content="Chennai"/><meta itemprop="addressRegion" content="Tamil Nadu"/><meta itemprop="postalCode" content="600002"/><meta itemprop="Telephone" content="+91-44-2857 6300"/></span><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.facebook.com/frontline"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://twitter.com/frontline_india"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.instagram.com/frontline.magazine/"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWxdhSIVMreBHJTQlVdg9lA"/></span><span itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/NewsMediaOrganization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Frontline"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/"/><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/fl-logo-amp-new.png"/><span itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="logo"/><meta content="https://frontline.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/fl-logo-amp-new.png" itemprop="url"/><meta content="278" itemprop="width"/><meta content="49" itemprop="height"/></span><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.facebook.com/frontline"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://twitter.com/frontline_india"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.instagram.com/frontline.magazine/"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWxdhSIVMreBHJTQlVdg9lA"/></span><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N24644H" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><header class="header logout on-scroll article-menu " ><div class="container"><div class="menu-part"><div class="logo"><a href="/"><a href="/"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/frontline-logo.svg" alt="Return to frontpage" width="100%" height="100%"></a><div class="slogan">Leading the Debate <span>Since 1984</span></div></a></div><div class="open-in-app menuuserdetect no-freetrial" style = "display:none;"><button type="button" class="btn open-app-btn"><a href =""> Open in the Frontline app </a></button></div> <div class="mobile-short-link"> <ul class="menu-list"> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/packages/?utm_source=header" target="_self">Packages</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/podcast/?utm_source=header" target="_self">Audio</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-line"><div class="overlay-gradient"></div> <ul class="menu-list"> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/packages/?utm_source=header" target="_self">Packages</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/podcast/?utm_source=header" target="_self">Audio</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/current-issue/" target="_self">Current Issue</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/" target="_self">The Nation</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/" target="_self">Politics</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/" target="_self">Columns</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/magazine/?utm_source=header" target="_self">Archives</a> </li> </ul> </div><div class="btns-part"><a class="red-link header-buttons" href="/newsletter-subscription/">Newsletters</a><div class="menuuserdetect" style="display: none"><button type="button" class="btn basic-btn login header-buttons thgsignin">Login</button><a href="/myaccount/" class="accountdec"><button type="button" class="btn basic-btn account header-buttons"> Account </button></a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/online-subscription/?utm_source=frontline_website&utm_medium=Subscribe_button"><button class="btn basic-btn subscribe header-buttons">Subscribe</button></a></div></div><div class="search-hammer"><a href="/search/"><button class="btn search-btn">Go to Search<img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/search-gray-icon.svg" alt="search-icon"/></button></a><button class="btn menu-icon"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/menu-hamber-icon.svg" alt="hamberIcon"></button></div></div></div><div class="dropdown"><div class="drop-header"><div class="container"><div class="logo"><a href="/"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/frontline-thumb.svg" alt="Frontline logo"/></a></div><div class="btns-part"><button type="button" class="btn basic-btn login header-buttons thgsignin">Login</button><a href="/myaccount/" class="accountdec"><button type="button" class="btn basic-btn account header-buttons"> Account </button></a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/online-subscription/?utm_source=frontline_website&utm_medium=Subscribe_button"><button class="btn basic-btn subscribe header-buttons">Subscribe</button></a></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="dropdown-content"><div class="mobile-search"><a href="/search/"><button class="btn search-btn header-search-button"> Go to Search<img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/search-gray-icon.svg" alt="Search"></button></a></div> <div class="col"> <div class="list-title">Sections</div> <ul class="sub-menu-list hamburger-sections"> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/news/" > News </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/" > The Nation </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/" > Politics </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/economy/" > Economy </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/" > Arts & Culture </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/social-issues/" > Social Issues </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/" > Science & Technology </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/" > Environment </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/" > Books </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/public-health/" > Health </a> </li> <li class="no-border " > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/" > World Affairs </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="list-title">Features</div> <ul class="sub-menu-list hamburger-sections"> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/travel/" > Travel </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/letters/" > Letters </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/data-card/" > Data Stories </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/" > Columns </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/interviews/" > Interviews </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/photo-essay/" > Photo Essay </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/packages/?utm_source=header" > Packages </a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/videos/?utm_source=header" > Video </a> </li> <li class="no-border " > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/podcast/?utm_source=header" > Audio </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="list-title">Essentials</div> <ul class="sub-menu-list hamburger-sections"> <li class=""> <a class="mobile-red-font" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/" > Newsletter Sign-up </a> </li> <li class="no-border "> <a class="mobile-red-font" href="http://www.thehindugroup.in/subscribe/frontline/" > Print Subscription </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/online-subscription/" > Digital Subscription </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/sitemap/" > Sitemap </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/rssfeeds/" > RSS feeds </a> </li> <li class="no-border "> <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/archive/" > Digital Exclusive Stories </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col print-edition"><div class="list-title">Print Edition</div><div class="book"><div class="book-img"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/nslksy/article69095788.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_615/FL%20Cover_3Feb2024.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/nslksy/article69095788.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_615/FL%20Cover_3Feb2024.jpg" alt="" data-device-variant= "FREE~FREE~FREE~FREE" class="media-object adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /></div><div class="book-links"><a href="/current-issue/">Current Issue</a><a href="/magazine/">Past Issues </a></div></div></div><ul class="social-icons"><li class="text">CONNECT WITH US</li><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/frontlineindia/" title="Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/footer-icon-fb.svg" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy"></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/frontline_india" title="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/footer-icon-tw.svg" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy"></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/frontline.magazine/" title="Instagram" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/footer-icon-insta.svg" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy"></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWxdhSIVMreBHJTQlVdg9lA" title="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/footer-icon-youtube.svg" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy"></a></li><li><a href="https://t.me/FrontlineIndia" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/telegram-icon.svg" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy" alt="Telegram" title="Telegram"></a></li></ul></div></div></div></header><div class="header-end"></div><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> require(['jquery'], function($) {fetch(`https://frontline.thehindu.com/getapplink?ref=${encodeURIComponent("https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece")}`).then((response) => { if(response.ok) { return response.json(); } }).then((res) => { if (DevIdf.isMobile){ $('.open-in-app .open-app-btn a').attr('href', res.shortLink); }else{ $('.open-in-app .open-app-btn a').attr('href', '/app/mobile-app/?utm_source=desktop&utm_medium=open_in_app'); } }); }); </script><script> require(['jquery'], function($) { var offset1 = $(".header-end").outerHeight(); var offset2 = $(".header").outerHeight(); var offset3 = $(".header").offset().top; var prevScrollpos = window.pageYOffset; $(".article-menu").css("transform", "translateY(0px)"); var prevScrollpos = window.pageYOffset; $(window).scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop() > offset2) { var currentScrollPos = window.pageYOffset; if (prevScrollpos > currentScrollPos) { $(".article-menu").css("transform", "translateY(0px)"); } else { $(".article-menu").css("transform", "translateY(-110px)"); } prevScrollpos = currentScrollPos; } }); }); tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(['init', function () { tp.pianoId.init({ loggedIn: function (data) { thgloggedIn(data) }, loggedOut: function () { location.reload(); } }); } ]); function thgloggedIn(data) { if(document.getElementsByTagName("header").length > 0) { document.getElementsByTagName("header")[0].classList.remove("logout"); document.getElementsByTagName("header")[0].classList.add("login"); } } function thgLogout() { typeof __thg_event != "undefined" ? __thg_event.triggerLogOut(tp.pianoId.getUser()): null; tp.push(["init", function () { tp = window.tp || []; tp.pianoId.logout() location.reload(); }]); } userIdentify.then(function() { var list = document.querySelectorAll(".menuuserdetect"); for (var i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) { list[i].style.display = "block" ; } }); </script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/FLRX/article.min.css?ver=1737011888"/><section class="mt-4"><div class="container article-section"><div class="row"><nav aria-label="breadcrumb"><ol class="breadcrumb" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumb-item " itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/" itemtype="https://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item"> Home </a><meta itemprop="name" content="Home"><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/" itemtype="https://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item"> Books </a><meta itemprop="name" content="Books"><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li class="breadcrumb-item kicker" aria-current="page"><a class="kicker-outline">Book Review</a></li></ol></nav><div class="col-xl-9 col-lg-8 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 storyline" data-id="68769653" data-url="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" data-title="Safdar Hashmi’s transformative approach to theatre as a democratic force"><h1 itemprop="name" class="title"> Safdar Hashmi’s transformative approach to theatre as a democratic force </h1><h3 class="sub-title">Through plays like <i>Hatyare </i>and <i>Aurat</i>, Hashmi tackled communalism and gender issues while building an inclusive, collaborative artistic practice.</h3><p class="publish-time"> Published : Oct 30, 2024 01:21 IST - 5 MINS READ </p><div class="author"><div class="author-name noimg"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/A---Mangai-20415/" class="person-name lnk">A. Mangai</a></div></div><div class="comments-shares share-page"><div class="left"><p class="comments comments-article" data-ga-label="comments"> COMMents <span class="coral-count text" data-coral-url="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" data-coral-id="68769653" data-coral-notext="true"></span></p></div><div class="right" data-title="Safdar Hashmi’s transformative approach to theatre as a democratic force" data-url="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece"><p class="share share-text share-button"><span class="text"> SHARE </span></p><ul class="share-list" style="display: none;"><li class="copy-link" onclick="copytext('https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece');"> Copy link </li><li class="email"><a href="mailto:?&subject=Subject line: Frontline - Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force&body=Mail%20content:%0D%0A%0D%0ACheck%20out%20this%20article%20from%20Frontline%20Magazine%20-%20Article%20%0D%0ATitle:%20Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0A%0D%0ADescription:%20Through%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.%0D%0A%0D%0ARead%20here%20->%20https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Demail%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share" target="_self"> Email </a></li><li class="facebook" onclick="openShareLink('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&t=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> Facebook </li><li class="twitter" onclick="openShareLink('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&text=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> Twitter </li><li class="telegram" onclick="openShareLink('https://t.me/share/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dtelegram%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&text=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> Telegram </li><li class="in" onclick="openShareLink('https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dlinkedin%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&title=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> LinkedIn </li><li class="whatsapp" onclick="openShareLink('https://api.whatsapp.com//send?text=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%20-%20https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dwhatsapp%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> WhatsApp </li><li class="reddit" onclick="openShareLink('https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dreddit%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&title=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> Reddit </li></ul><p class="read-later" data-articleId="68769653" style="display:none"><span class="text">READ LATER</span><span class="delete-tool-tip" style="display: none;"><a class="cancel" onclick="window.location.href='https://frontline.thehindu.com/myaccount/?tab=bookmarks'">SEE ALL</a><a class="delete bookmarkdelete">Remove</a></span></p></div></div><div class="article-picture top-pic "><div class="picture "><picture><!--[if IE 9]><video style="display: none;"><![endif]--><source media="(min-width: 1600px)" sizes="960px" srcset="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/t65a07/article68769616.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1200/Safdar%20Hashmi%20Aya%20Chunav.jpg" /><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1599px)" sizes="640px" srcset="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/t65a07/article68769616.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_1200/Safdar%20Hashmi%20Aya%20Chunav.jpg" /><source media="(min-width: 321px) and (max-width: 767px)" sizes="400px" srcset="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/t65a07/article68769616.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_660/Safdar%20Hashmi%20Aya%20Chunav.jpg" /><source media="(max-width: 320px)" sizes="320px" srcset="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/t65a07/article68769616.ece/alternates/LANDSCAPE_320/Safdar%20Hashmi%20Aya%20Chunav.jpg" /><!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" alt="Safdar Hashmi in “Aya Chunav”, Janam’s first political play performed in Hissar, Haryana, in 1981. " title="Safdar Hashmi in “Aya Chunav”, Janam’s first political play performed in Hissar, Haryana, in 1981. " data-original="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" class="lead-img" fetchpriority="high"/></picture></div><p class="caption"> Safdar Hashmi in “Aya Chunav”, Janam’s first political play performed in Hissar, Haryana, in 1981. | Photo Credit: By Special Arrangement </p></div><div id="content-body-68769653" class="articlebodycontent col-xl-9 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12" itemprop="articleBody"><p><i>Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy! Holy!</i></p><p><i>The world is holy! The soul is holy! The skin is holy! The nose is holy! The tongue and c_ _ _ _ and hand and a_ _ _ _ _e holy!</i></p><p><i>Everything is holy! everybody’s holy! everywhere is holy! everyday is in eternity! Everyman’s an angel!</i></p><p><i>The bum’s as holy as the seraphim! the madman is holy as you my soul are holy!</i></p><p><i>The typewriter is holy the poem is holy the voice is holy the hearers are holy the ecstasy is holy!</i></p><p>Thus “howled” the Beat poet Allen Ginsberg in 1955. In India, we witnessed “the best minds of my [our] generation destroyed” in the dawn of 1989 with the murder of the playwright and political activist Safdar Hashmi, followed by many more in the last decade of the 20th century. </p><p><i>Safdar Hashmi: Towards Theatre for Democracy</i> by Anjum Katyal howls for democracy. This study is a rich addition to the Safdar Hashmi oeuvre, placing as it does his life, works, and dreams in the larger context of keeping dialogues alive, being open to new forms and modes of reaching out, evolving horizontal leadership, being sensitive to the porous aspects of cultures in India and reminding us of the relevance of making art in the darkest of times. </p><div class="info-box"><h5 class="main-title">Safdar Hashmi</h5><div class="info-element">Towards Theatre for a Democracy</div><h5 class="sub-title">By Anjum Katyal</h5><h5 class="sub-title">Orient BlackSwan</h5><h5 class="sub-title">Pages: 227</h5><h5 class="sub-title">Price: Rs.900</h5></div><p>Katyal writes in her introduction about her affective response after watching the documentary film on Hashmi’s funeral march: “My tears, perhaps, are for the sheer courage and hope that keeps alive faith in a just society, despite the tyranny of the powers that hate and divide.” </p><p>Offering the reader Safdar’s most significant contribution, namely “theatre of democracy”, the study draws from already existing resources, such as Safdar’s mother Qamar Hashmi’s recollections titled <i>The Fifth Flame</i>; Safdar’s interviews with Eugene van Erven in 1988; collections of his writings; memoirs by his wife, Moloyashree, Habib Tanvir, and M.K. Raina; publications of the <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article25880818.ece" target="_blank" >Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust</a>; Arjun Ghosh’s academic study titled <i>A History of the Jana Natya Manch</i>; Sudhanva Deshpande’s brilliant insider narrative titled <i>Halla Bol: The Death and Life of Safdar Hashmi</i>; and Katyal’s own interviews with Safdar’s associates some 30 years after his death.</p><p><strong>Also Read | <a class="also-read-mid-article" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/the-life-and-afterlife-of-safdar-hashmi/article32121806.ece">The life and afterlife of Safdar Hashmi </a></strong></p><p>What I found most moving in the book is the elaborate description of Safdar’s childhood that shaped him. Corroborated by his brother, Sohail Hashmi, years after his passing, it says something about Safdar’s core: openness and compassion. As Safdar himself acknowledged, the music he heard in childhood came to him spontaneously.</p><p>The book also discusses international student and youth movements in detail, providing a context for similar student movements in India. Added to this rich repository is the history of how street theatre was an established mode of resistance in India and how Safdar walked into it. Katyal’s recounting of the history of street theatre as political theatre of protest in Bengal from the 1930s and its close affinity to the Left organisations traces the political legacy of Safdar and the <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/india-at-75-epochal-moments-1973-janam-is-formed/article65725272.ece" target="_blank" >Jana Natya Manch</a> (Janam), the radical theatre group he founded in 1973.</p><div class="left-img verticle"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/et0t07/article68772075.ece/alternates/FREE_1200/Towards%20Theatre%20for%20a%20Democracy.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/et0t07/article68772075.ece/alternates/FREE_1200/Towards%20Theatre%20for%20a%20Democracy.jpg" alt="Safdar Hashmi: Towards Theatre for Democracy by Anjum Katyal howls for democracy. " title="Safdar Hashmi: Towards Theatre for Democracy by Anjum Katyal howls for democracy. " class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /><p class="caption"> Safdar Hashmi: Towards Theatre for Democracy by Anjum Katyal howls for democracy. | Photo Credit: By Special Arrangement </p></div><p>India’s regional histories are unique and grounded in their specific realities. Sudhanva’s book gives us a detailed history of Samudaya, one of Karnataka’s oldest street theatre groups, and the Andhra Praja Natya Mandali. The “national” can never be the sum of the regions, and is a nuanced understanding of how each region negotiates from the grounded-ness of its specific realities.</p><p>The campaign for communal harmony in Delhi in 1984 after the anti-Sikh riots is well-known today. Katyal traces Janam’s engagement with the issue of communalism much before that, through the play <i>Hatyare</i> (1978), which addressed the Hindu-Muslim riots in Aligarh. Set in the lock-making industry in Aligarh, Hashmi’s childhood town, the play exposes the vested interests of those who indulge in divisive politics. The translation in this book of this play along with a new translation of <i>Aurat </i>and <i>Machine</i> enriches the repertoire of street theatre in India.</p><h3 class="sub_head">Gender in Janam plays </h3><p>Attention to gender has always been pronounced in Janam. Katyal devotes a whole chapter to <i>Aurat</i>, the all-time classic brought to life on stage by Moloyashree. The upsurge of the women’s movement was echoed in the plays, documentary films, and literacy films made by Doordarshan at that time, and Safdar was involved in all of them.</p><p><strong>Also Read | <a class="also-read-mid-article" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/cinema/article30195775.ece">Voice of the streets</a></strong></p><p>What I missed, though, was the story of how Habib Tanvir developed the play <i>Moteram ka Satyagraha </i>(adapted from Premchand’s short story) along with Janam. Sudhanva, in his characteristic light-hearted style, has recorded how the role of Chameli Jaan the courtesan, deftly played by Moloyashree, drew flak within the group itself. In many ways, this play exposed the hypocrisies within progressive circles regarding female agency. It also underscored how important it is that female desire and sexual agency become part of our discussions on gender, along with the never-ending issues of violence and safe space.</p><p>The last chapter highlights how <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/social-issues/article30220114.ece" target="_blank" >Safdar passionately worked</a> to help “build and strengthen democratic processes and practice” even as he worked to build a cultural centre in a working-class locale. The process, applied both within and outside the group and in all the mediums Safdar explored, stresses inclusivity and collaboration; innate egalitarianism; addressing doubts without evading; collective decision-making; mobilising political artists across the nation; caring for theatre workers’ dignity and economic well-being; and above all “to re-humanise the humanity” as the Brazilian theatre practitioner and political activist Augusto Boal envisioned.</p><p>Safdar stood steadfast to keep spaces of “opposition, protest, critique, dissent” alive. At a time when all of these are under siege, we need to build these spaces, large and small, to hold ourselves together. Katyal’s book reminds us of the urgency to do that. </p><p><i>A. Mangai is a retired associate professor in English from Stella Maris College and a theatre practitioner for four decades in Tamil. She has also translated Sudhanva Deshpande’s </i>Halla Bol<i> into Tamil as</i> Urakka Pesu<i>.</i></p><div class="article-standard_piano-inline-2 articleblock-container" id="articleblockcontainer"></div><div class="comments-shares share-page article-bottom" data-artid="68769653" data-title="Safdar Hashmi’s transformative approach to theatre as a democratic force" data-url="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" data-leadtext="Through plays like Hatyare and Aurat, Hashmi tackled communalism and gender issues while building an inclusive, collaborative artistic practice."><div class="left"><p class="comments comments-article" data-ga-label="comments"> CONTRIBUTE YOUR COMMENTS <span class="coral-count text" data-coral-url="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece" data-coral-id="68769653" data-coral-notext="true"></span></p></div><div class="right"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?&utm_source=article_page&utm_medium=article_footer" class="get-nl"><span class="text">GET OUR NEWSLETTERS</span></a><p class="share share-text share-button"><span class="text">SHARE THIS STORY</span></p><ul class="share-list" style="display: none;"><li class="copy-link" onclick="copytext('https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece');"> Copy link </li><li class="email"><a href="mailto:?&subject=Subject line: Frontline - Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force&body=Mail%20content:%0D%0A%0D%0ACheck%20out%20this%20article%20from%20Frontline%20Magazine%20-%20Article%20%0D%0ATitle:%20Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0A%0D%0ADescription:%20Through%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.%0D%0A%0D%0ARead%20here%20->%20https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Demail%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share" target="_self"> Email </a></li><li class="facebook" onclick="openShareLink('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&t=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> Facebook </li><li class="twitter" onclick="openShareLink('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&text=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> Twitter </li><li class="telegram" onclick="openShareLink('https://t.me/share/url?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dtelegram%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&text=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> Telegram </li><li class="in" onclick="openShareLink('https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dlinkedin%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&title=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> LinkedIn </li><li class="whatsapp" onclick="openShareLink('https://api.whatsapp.com//send?text=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%20-%20https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dwhatsapp%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> WhatsApp </li><li class="reddit" onclick="openShareLink('https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fsafdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre%2Farticle68769653.ece%3Futm_source%3Dreddit%26utm_medium%3Darticle_share&title=Safdar%20Hashmi%E2%80%99s%20transformative%20approach%20to%20theatre%20as%20a%20democratic%20force%0D%0AThrough%20plays%20like%20Hatyare%20and%20Aurat%2C%20Hashmi%20tackled%20communalism%20and%20gender%20issues%20while%20building%20an%20inclusive%2C%20collaborative%20artistic%20practice.')"> Reddit </li></ul></div></div></div><div class="col-xl-9 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12"><div class="spliter pt-0 mb-0"></div><div class="related-stories"><div class="arrow-image"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/down-arrow-related-stories.svg" alt="down-arrow-image"></div><div class="rl-title"><h2 class="related-stories-title">Stories that help you connect the dots</h2></div><div class="row"><div class=" col-xl-12 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12"><div class="element main-element"><div class="picture" ><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/jana-natya-manch-celebrates-half-a-century-of-performing-resistance/article65430171.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/v676m4/article65430116.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Safdar%20Hashmi%20speaks%20before%20a%20performance%20May%20Day%201988.%20Photo%20Eugene%20van%20Erven..jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/v676m4/article65430116.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Safdar%20Hashmi%20speaks%20before%20a%20performance%20May%20Day%201988.%20Photo%20Eugene%20van%20Erven..jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="" class="lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /></a></div><div class="content"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/jana-natya-manch-celebrates-half-a-century-of-performing-resistance/article65430171.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt">Jana Natya Manch: 50 years of performing resistance</a></h3><div class="sub-text"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/jana-natya-manch-celebrates-half-a-century-of-performing-resistance/article65430171.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt">The street plays of Jana Natya Manch, the Delhi-based theatre group that turned 50 this year, remind us how a culture of open, free, and public performance is vital to deepening India’s democratic ethos—an ethos under serious threat, and therefore more urgent than ever to nurture, protect, and expand. </a></div><div class="by-line"> Sudhanva Deshpande </div><div class="date"> May 30, 2022 </div></div></div></div></div><div class="dots show-mobile"><span class="dot"></span><span class="dot"></span><span class="dot"></span><span class="dot active"></span></div><ul class="related-stories-list"><li class="story-item show-mobile"><div class="element "><div class="picture" ><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/jana-natya-manch-celebrates-half-a-century-of-performing-resistance/article65430171.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/v676m4/article65430116.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Safdar%20Hashmi%20speaks%20before%20a%20performance%20May%20Day%201988.%20Photo%20Eugene%20van%20Erven..jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/v676m4/article65430116.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Safdar%20Hashmi%20speaks%20before%20a%20performance%20May%20Day%201988.%20Photo%20Eugene%20van%20Erven..jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="" class="lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /></a></div><div class="content"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/jana-natya-manch-celebrates-half-a-century-of-performing-resistance/article65430171.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt">Jana Natya Manch: 50 years of performing resistance</a></h3><div class="by-line"> Sudhanva Deshpande </div><div class="date"> May 30, 2022 </div></div></div></li><li class="story-item "><div class="element next-element"><div class="picture" ><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/article30327856.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/books/vvfqgy/article30327855.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/FL3BKHalla-Bol-COVER" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/books/vvfqgy/article30327855.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/FL3BKHalla-Bol-COVER" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="" class="lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /></a></div><div class="content"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/article30327856.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt">Safdar, a life extraordinary</a></h3><div class="by-line"></div><div class="date"> December 18, 2019 </div></div></div></li><li class="story-item "><div class="element next-element"><div class="picture" ><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30167097.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/magazine/ujzfsk/article30167089.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/20120824291607801jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/magazine/ujzfsk/article30167089.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/20120824291607801jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="" class="lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /></a></div><div class="content"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30167097.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt">Theatre for people</a></h3><div class="by-line"></div><div class="date"> August 23, 2012 </div></div></div></li><li class="story-item "><div class="element next-element"><div class="picture" ><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/cinema/article30195772.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/magazine/bs8nbk/article30195770.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/20080509250909001jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/magazine/bs8nbk/article30195770.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/20080509250909001jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="" class="lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /></a></div><div class="content"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/cinema/article30195772.ece?utm_source=relatedstories&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=trackRelArt">March of memories</a></h3><div class="by-line"></div><div class="date"> May 8, 2008 </div></div></div></li></ul></div><script> requirejs(['jquery', 'owlCarousel'], function ($, owlCarousel) { const storyList = document.querySelector(".related-stories-list"); const storyItems = document.querySelectorAll(".related-stories-list .story-item"); const dotsContainer = document.querySelector(".dots"); function createDots() { dotsContainer.innerHTML = ''; storyItems.forEach(() => { const dot = document.createElement('span'); dot.classList.add('dot'); dotsContainer.appendChild(dot); }); } createDots(); let dots = document.querySelectorAll(".dots .dot"); function isInViewport(element) { const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect(); return ( rect.top >= 0 && rect.left >= 0 && rect.bottom <= (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight) && rect.right <= (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth) ); } function activateCorrectDot() { let activeIndex = -1; storyItems.forEach((item, index) => { if (isInViewport(item)) { activeIndex = index; } }); dots.forEach((dot, index) => { if (index === activeIndex) { dot.classList.add("active"); } else { dot.classList.remove("active"); } }); } const observer = new IntersectionObserver( entries => { entries.forEach(entry => { const index = Array.from(storyItems).indexOf(entry.target); dots[index].classList.toggle("active", entry.isIntersecting); }); }, { threshold: 1 } ); storyItems.forEach(item => { observer.observe(item); }); activateCorrectDot(); window.addEventListener("scroll", activateCorrectDot); function addStoryItem() { const newStoryItem = document.createElement('li'); newStoryItem.classList.add('story-item'); newStoryItem.innerHTML = ` <div class="element"><div class="picture"><a href="#_"><img src="https://example.com/new-image.jpg" alt="New Story"></a></div><div class="content"><h3 class="title"><a href="#_">New Story Title</a></h3><div class="by-line">Author Name</div><div class="date">July 17, 2024</div></div></div>`; storyList.appendChild(newStoryItem); createDots(); dots = document.querySelectorAll(".dots .dot"); observer.observe(newStoryItem); } function removeStoryItem() { if (storyItems.length > 0) { storyList.removeChild(storyItems[storyItems.length - 1]); createDots(); dots = document.querySelectorAll(".dots .dot"); } } }); </script><div class="next-article scroll-btn" style="display: none;"><div class="next-article-button button_slide system-hide animate"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/next-article-close-icon.svg" alt="Close" class="icon close-icon"><a id="nextarticle-url" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/jana-natya-manch-celebrates-half-a-century-of-performing-resistance/article65430171.ece?utm_source=article&utm_medium=next_article_button&utm_campaign=next_article_related" target="_blank" class="next-article-link"><span class="button-text">NEXT ARTICLE</span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/next-article-arrow-right.svg" alt="Next" class="icon right-arrow-icon"></a></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> requirejs(['jquery', 'bootstrap', 'custom'], function ($) { $(document).ready(function () { var anchorElement = $('#nextarticle-url'); var currentHref = anchorElement.attr('href'); if (currentHref == '#') { fetch('https://frontline.thehindu.com/s/fl/n', { method: 'GET', headers: { 'Accept': 'application/json', }, }) .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => { if (data.nextarticleDetails && data.nextarticleDetails.length > 0) { var url = data.nextarticleDetails[0].url; anchorElement.attr('href', url + '?utm_source=article&utm_medium=next_article_button&utm_campaign=next_article_piano'); } }) .catch(err => { console.error("Error fetching next article data:", err); }); } anchorElement.on('click', function() { var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'Next_Article_Click', 'data': { 'click': 'click', 'click_type': 'action', 'general_placement': 'body', 'detailed_placement': '', 'goal_type': 'Next_Article_Click' } }); }); }); }); </script><div data-ga-label="More stories from this issue"><h3 class="title-patch">More stories from this issue</h3><ul class="slide-mobile"><li><div class="read-book mb-4" data-ga-label="Current-issue"><div class="book"><div class="book-img" ><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/magazine/issue/vol41-22" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/xwqmdg/article68810117.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/FL%20Cover%2015Nov2024.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/xwqmdg/article68810117.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/FL%20Cover%2015Nov2024.jpg" data-device-variant="FREE~FREE~FREE~FREE" alt="FL Cover 15Nov2024.jpg" title="FL Cover 15Nov2024.jpg" class="lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /></a></div><a class="small-link" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/magazine/issue/vol41-22" ><span class="text">Read this Issue<span class="slider"></span></span></a></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class="audio picture audio"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/bandhwari-landfills-gurugram-toxic-waste-management-india-environment-swachh-bharat-pollution-health/article68760250.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/4ycg7k/article68768499.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Garbage%20Trucks%20at%20Bandhwari%20landfill.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/4ycg7k/article68768499.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Garbage%20Trucks%20at%20Bandhwari%20landfill.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="Trucks lined up outside the Bandhwari landfill carrying unsegregated waste." title="Trucks lined up outside the Bandhwari landfill carrying unsegregated waste." class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label environment"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/bandhwari-landfills-gurugram-toxic-waste-management-india-environment-swachh-bharat-pollution-health/article68760250.ece">Waste Management Crisis</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/bandhwari-landfills-gurugram-toxic-waste-management-india-environment-swachh-bharat-pollution-health/article68760250.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 29, 2024 18:53 IST Published: October 26, 2024 16:37 IST"> A sacred forest dies in Gurugram as Bandhwari landfill’s toxic waste breaches Aravalli sanctuary </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Shubhangi--Derhgawen-24311/" class="person-name lnk">Shubhangi Derhgawen,</a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Deepanshu-Mohan-24310/" class="person-name lnk lnk">Deepanshu Mohan</a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class="audio picture audio"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/vedanta-oil-exploration-assam-gibbon-sanctuary-environmental-impact-wildlife-conservation-clearance-2024/article68768291.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/n1jpm7/article68799869.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/vedanta%20assam%20gibbon.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/n1jpm7/article68799869.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/vedanta%20assam%20gibbon.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="The Hoolock gibbon, India’s only ape species, is found in the Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary in Jorhat district, Assam." title="The Hoolock gibbon, India’s only ape species, is found in the Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary in Jorhat district, Assam." class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label environment"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/vedanta-oil-exploration-assam-gibbon-sanctuary-environmental-impact-wildlife-conservation-clearance-2024/article68768291.ece">ENVIRONMENT</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/vedanta-oil-exploration-assam-gibbon-sanctuary-environmental-impact-wildlife-conservation-clearance-2024/article68768291.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 29, 2024 18:51 IST Published: October 30, 2024 09:58 IST"> Vedanta’s oil exploration plan threatens Assam’s last gibbon sanctuary </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Ayaskant--Das--23603/" class="person-name lnk">Ayaskant Das </a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class="audio picture audio"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/musi-riverfront-beautification-demolition-hyderabad-telangana-160-homes-displaced-thames-evictions-congress-government/article68799027.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/buna7g/article68809344.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Demolished%20houses" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/buna7g/article68809344.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Demolished%20houses" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="The houses that were demolished on October 1 at Shankar Nagar along the Musi in Hyderabad. Its residents were relocated to two-bedroom slum resettlement buildings in Pilligudiselu, 2 km away. " title="The houses that were demolished on October 1 at Shankar Nagar along the Musi in Hyderabad. Its residents were relocated to two-bedroom slum resettlement buildings in Pilligudiselu, 2 km away. " class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label environment"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/musi-riverfront-beautification-demolition-hyderabad-telangana-160-homes-displaced-thames-evictions-congress-government/article68799027.ece">Telangana </a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/musi-riverfront-beautification-demolition-hyderabad-telangana-160-homes-displaced-thames-evictions-congress-government/article68799027.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 29, 2024 18:50 IST Published: October 29, 2024 18:47 IST"> When did Musi beautification become about erasing the poor? </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Ayesha--Minhaz-17967/" class="person-name lnk">Ayesha Minhaz</a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class="audio picture audio"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/economy/india-banking-bank-account-freezes-deny-dignity-poor-kyc-rules-impact-rural-india-human-rights-2024/article68785912.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/phi3d9/article68795923.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Jharkhand%20Mukhyamantri%20Maiya%20Samman%20Yojana.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/phi3d9/article68795923.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Jharkhand%20Mukhyamantri%20Maiya%20Samman%20Yojana.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="Beneficiaries attend an event to distribute assets under the Jharkhand Mukhyamantri Maiya Samman Yojana at Torpa in Ranchi on September 23, 2024." title="Beneficiaries attend an event to distribute assets under the Jharkhand Mukhyamantri Maiya Samman Yojana at Torpa in Ranchi on September 23, 2024." class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label economy"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/economy/india-banking-bank-account-freezes-deny-dignity-poor-kyc-rules-impact-rural-india-human-rights-2024/article68785912.ece">CONTROVERSY</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/economy/india-banking-bank-account-freezes-deny-dignity-poor-kyc-rules-impact-rural-india-human-rights-2024/article68785912.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 29, 2024 18:48 IST Published: October 26, 2024 13:00 IST"> Random enforcement of KYC rules is denying the poor their own money and dignity </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Jean--Dr-ze-24367/" class="person-name lnk">Jean Drèze,</a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Vipul---Paikra-24368/" class="person-name lnk lnk">Vipul Paikra,</a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Natasha--Trivedi-24369/" class="person-name lnk lnk lnk">Natasha Trivedi</a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class="audio picture audio"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/israel-iran-war-west-asia-lebanon-hamas-hezbollah-netanyahu-sinwar-haniyeh-nasrallah/article68782754.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/ae5i5w/article68787269.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/israel%20attack%20on%20lebanon%20beirut.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/ae5i5w/article68787269.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/israel%20attack%20on%20lebanon%20beirut.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="Destroyed buildings at the site of an Israeli air strike in the neighbourhood of Mreijeh in Beirut on October 23, 2024. Israel launched attacks on Lebanon nearly a year after Hezbollah began firing rockets in support of its ally Hamas." title="Destroyed buildings at the site of an Israeli air strike in the neighbourhood of Mreijeh in Beirut on October 23, 2024. Israel launched attacks on Lebanon nearly a year after Hezbollah began firing rockets in support of its ally Hamas." class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label world-affairs"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/israel-iran-war-west-asia-lebanon-hamas-hezbollah-netanyahu-sinwar-haniyeh-nasrallah/article68782754.ece">GAZA AND BEYOND — THE LEDE</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/israel-iran-war-west-asia-lebanon-hamas-hezbollah-netanyahu-sinwar-haniyeh-nasrallah/article68782754.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 29, 2024 18:44 IST Published: October 30, 2024 00:37 IST"> Israel delivers West Asia its Sarajevo moment </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Talmiz--Ahmad-19127/" class="person-name lnk">Talmiz Ahmad</a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class=" picture storyline"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/science-notebook-huanan-market-as-source-of-covid-virus-black-hole-link-to-transient-xrays-from-outer-space/article68772026.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/9kz7hg/article68811775.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/AFP_36GK4CG.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/9kz7hg/article68811775.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/AFP_36GK4CG.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="A raccoon dog in its cage at a fur farm in Zhangjiakou, China, July 2015. Raccoon dogs are now linked to early Covid-19 transmission at a Wuhan market." title="A raccoon dog in its cage at a fur farm in Zhangjiakou, China, July 2015. Raccoon dogs are now linked to early Covid-19 transmission at a Wuhan market." class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label science-and-technology"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/science-notebook-huanan-market-as-source-of-covid-virus-black-hole-link-to-transient-xrays-from-outer-space/article68772026.ece">Science Notebook</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/science-notebook-huanan-market-as-source-of-covid-virus-black-hole-link-to-transient-xrays-from-outer-space/article68772026.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 6, 2024 13:44 IST Published: October 29, 2024 21:08 IST"> A wild find on Covid’s origin; and Black Hole’s leftovers pack a punch </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/R---Ramachandran-16344/" class="person-name lnk">R. Ramachandran</a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class=" picture storyline"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/congress-defeats-haryana-hindi-heartland-losses-state-party-revamp-difficult/article68791713.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/whq23h/article68800589.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/bhupinder%20singh%20hooda%20congress%20haryana.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/whq23h/article68800589.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/bhupinder%20singh%20hooda%20congress%20haryana.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="Congress leader Bhupinder Singh Hooda after losing Haryana, at a press conference in Rohtak on October 8." title="Congress leader Bhupinder Singh Hooda after losing Haryana, at a press conference in Rohtak on October 8." class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label politics"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/congress-defeats-haryana-hindi-heartland-losses-state-party-revamp-difficult/article68791713.ece">PARTY AFFAIRS</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/congress-defeats-haryana-hindi-heartland-losses-state-party-revamp-difficult/article68791713.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 5, 2024 20:24 IST Published: October 28, 2024 20:14 IST"> Congress’ old guard: The party’s strength or its stumbling block? </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Anand-Mishra-20161/" class="person-name lnk">Anand Mishra </a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class=" picture storyline"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/west-bengal-sc-st-obc-reservation-quotas-lower-than-most-states-mamata-banerjee-trinamool/article68786878.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/v8abrb/article68795692.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Mamata%20Banerjee.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/v8abrb/article68795692.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Mamata%20Banerjee.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee and the Trinamool have never been enthusiastic about a caste census. " title="Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee and the Trinamool have never been enthusiastic about a caste census. " class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label columns"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/west-bengal-sc-st-obc-reservation-quotas-lower-than-most-states-mamata-banerjee-trinamool/article68786878.ece">FROM THE SIDELINES</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/west-bengal-sc-st-obc-reservation-quotas-lower-than-most-states-mamata-banerjee-trinamool/article68786878.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 5, 2024 20:23 IST Published: October 28, 2024 17:38 IST"> West Bengal’s ‘casteless’ myth </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Saba-Naqvi-18938/" class="person-name lnk">Saba Naqvi</a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class=" picture storyline"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/le-corbusier-chandigarh-architecture-the-open-hand-capitol-complex-sukhna-lake/article68786265.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/tguaye/article68786236.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Open_Hand_Monument_in_Chandigarh.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/tguaye/article68786236.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Open_Hand_Monument_in_Chandigarh.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="The Open Hand Monument in Capitol Complex, Chandigarh. " title="The Open Hand Monument in Capitol Complex, Chandigarh. " class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label columns"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/le-corbusier-chandigarh-architecture-the-open-hand-capitol-complex-sukhna-lake/article68786265.ece">Counter Culture</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/le-corbusier-chandigarh-architecture-the-open-hand-capitol-complex-sukhna-lake/article68786265.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 5, 2024 18:12 IST Published: October 28, 2024 18:36 IST"> Empty hands: Le Corbusier’s Chandigarh between symbol and reality </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Prathyush-Parasuraman-16470/" class="person-name lnk">Prathyush Parasuraman</a></div></div></div></li><li><div class="element smaller "><div class=" picture storyline"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/intimacy-alienation-hindu-muslim-couples-india-love-jihad-book-study-family-marriage-conversion/article68769243.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/p32tsr/article68769519.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Love%20jehad%20protest.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/p32tsr/article68769519.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Love%20jehad%20protest.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="A public protest against the proposed passing of laws against “love jehad” in Bengaluru on December 1, 2020." title="A public protest against the proposed passing of laws against “love jehad” in Bengaluru on December 1, 2020." class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label books"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/intimacy-alienation-hindu-muslim-couples-india-love-jihad-book-study-family-marriage-conversion/article68769243.ece">Book Review </a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/intimacy-alienation-hindu-muslim-couples-india-love-jihad-book-study-family-marriage-conversion/article68769243.ece?utm_source=more_stories_this_issue&utm_medium=article" title="Updated: November 4, 2024 13:18 IST Published: October 30, 2024 00:49 IST"> Love in the time of ‘love jehad’: The complex lives of Hindu-Muslim couples in India </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Chintan-Girish-Modi-23630/" class="person-name lnk">Chintan Girish Modi</a></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class=" col-xl-3 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 hide-mobile "><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block"> <div data-ga-label="Current issue Article"> <div class="read-book mb-4"> <div class="book"> <div class="book-img" > <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/current-issue/?utm_source=home_page_current_issue&utm_medium=current_issue_panel" > <img src="/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/nslksy/article69095788.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/FL%20Cover_3Feb2024.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/nslksy/article69095788.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/FL%20Cover_3Feb2024.jpg" data-device-variant="FREE~FREE~FREE~FREE" alt="FL Cover_3Feb2024.jpg" title="FL Cover_3Feb2024.jpg" class="lazy" width="100%" height="100%" /> </a> </div> <a class="small-link" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/current-issue/?utm_source=home_page_current_issue&utm_medium=current_issue_panel" > <span class="text">Read the Latest Issue<span class="slider"></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="element smaller"><div class="label world-affairs"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/president-donald-trump-white-house-india-narendra-modi-us-h1b-visas-china-geopolitics-barack-obama/article69080463.ece">Trump 2.0—The Lede </a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/president-donald-trump-white-house-india-narendra-modi-us-h1b-visas-china-geopolitics-barack-obama/article69080463.ece" title="Updated: January 16, 2025 12:59 IST Published: January 15, 2025 10:44 IST"> India’s strategic agility will define its US ties in Trump’s second act </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Jayant--Prasad-25121/" class="person-name lnk">Jayant Prasad</a></div></div></div><div class="element smaller no-border"><div class=" picture storyline"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/trump-musk-billionaire-politics-global-power/article69084304.ece" ><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/9c4mfw/article69096357.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/donald%20trump%20us%20president%20second%20term.jpg" data-original="https://fl-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/9c4mfw/article69096357.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/donald%20trump%20us%20president%20second%20term.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="US President Donald Trump at the White House in Washington, DC, on November 26, 2020." title="US President Donald Trump at the White House in Washington, DC, on November 26, 2020." class=" lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></a></div><div class="label world-affairs"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/trump-musk-billionaire-politics-global-power/article69084304.ece">TRUMP 2.0</a></div><h3 class="title" ><a href=" https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/trump-musk-billionaire-politics-global-power/article69084304.ece" title="Updated: January 17, 2025 13:25 IST Published: January 15, 2025 08:49 IST"> Editor’s Note: Trump’s second coming will reset world’s moral compass </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/profile/author/Vaishna-Roy-16745/" class="person-name lnk">Vaishna Roy</a></div></div></div><a class="small-link small" href="/current-issue/">+ SEE all Stories<span class="slider"></span></a></div><div id="piano-art-top1"></div></div><script> setTimeout(function () { if (DevIdf.isMobile) { latest_news_module_Url = "current-issue/fragment/topstory?count=4&variant=current-issue"; } fetch("https://frontline.thehindu.com/" + latest_news_module_Url).then(function (response) { if (response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function (respone) { if (DevIdf.isMobile) { document.querySelector("#show-mobile").innerHTML = respone; imglazyload(); } }).catch(function (error) {}); }, 2000); </script></div><div class="row"><div class="col-xl-9 col-lg-8 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 body-bottom-promo"><div class="col-xl-9 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12"><div id="piano-art-bottom-promo"></div></div></div><div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12"></div></div></div><div id="piano-art-bottom1"></div><script> widgets = []; widgets.push({ widgetParams: { widgetId: '8c95df4a8b0a7af599a2662a4269b096ac7432fe', targetElementId: 'piano-art-bottom1' } }); widgets.push({ widgetParams: { widgetId: '01d30ecee0c1a28ff72bf91eb1f08a0eba90835e', targetElementId: 'piano-art-top1' } }); cX.CCE.callQueue.push(['runMulti', widgets, true]); </script></section><script data-cfasync="false"> function createElementScript(element, className, id = null) { var el = document.createElement(element); el.className = className; if (id != null) { el.id = id; } return el; } function insertElementbegin(selector,insertelement){ selector.insertAdjacentElement('afterbegin',insertelement) } function insertElementEnd(selector,insertelement){ selector.insertAdjacentElement('afterend',insertelement) } var totalPcount = document.querySelectorAll(".articlebodycontent>p") if(totalPcount.length > 1){ insertElementEnd(totalPcount[0],createElementScript("div","","artmeterpv")) } if(totalPcount.length > 8){ insertElementEnd(totalPcount[3],createElementScript("div","","piano-art-mid1")) } </script><footer class="footWrap footborder "><div id="artmeterwrap"></div><div class="container"><div class="row footer-logo"><div class="col-xl-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12"><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/frontline-logo.svg" class="img-fluid mobile-logo" alt="The Hindu frontline Logo" width="100%" height="100%"></a></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12"><div class="app-icon"><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.thehindu.frontline" title="Google Play"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/google-playstore-icon.svg"></a><a href="https://apps.apple.com/app/frontline-magazine/id6447624894" title="Apple Store"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/apple-store-icon.svg"></a></div></div></div><div class="row footer-menu"> <div class="col-xl-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-12"> <ul class="footer-list"> <li class="title"> <h5><span class="footer-arrow">Frontline</span></h5> <ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/aboutus/">About us</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/magazine/">Magazine Archives</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/archive/">Digital Exclusive Stories</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/current-issue/">Current Issue</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/sitemap/">Sitemap</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="http://www.thehindugroup.in/subscribe/frontline/">Print Subscription</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/online-subscription/">Digital Subscription</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/rssfeeds/">RSS feeds</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="title mt-4"> <h5 class="no-border"><span class="footer-arrow">Contact us</span></h5> <ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/contacts/">Customer care</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://in.linkedin.com/school/the-hindu/jobs?trk=nav_type_jobs">Careers</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-12"> <ul class="footer-list"> <li class="title"> <h5><span class="footer-arrow">Group News Sites</span></h5> <ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://www.thehindu.com/">The Hindu</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://bloncampus.thehindubusinessline.com/">BL on Campus</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/">Sportstar</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/">Businessline</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://www.hindutamil.in/">இந்து தமிழ் திசை</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://www.thehinducentre.com/">The Hindu Centre</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://ywc.thehindu.com/">Young World Club</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://epaper.thehindu.com/">The Hindu ePaper</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://epaper.thehindubusinessline.com/">Business Line ePaper</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://crossword.thehindu.com/">Crossword + Free Games</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-12"> <ul class="footer-list"> <li class="title"> <h5><span class="footer-arrow">Other Products</span></h5> <ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://roofandfloor.thehindu.com/">RoofandFloor</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://step.thehindu.com/">STEP</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://thehinduimages.com/">Images</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://thehinduads.com/">Classifieds - Print</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://www.thehindu.com/publications/">Special Publications</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://www.thehindu.com/ebooks/">eBooks</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-12"> <ul class="footer-list"> <li class="title"> <h5><span class="footer-arrow">Popular Sections</span></h5> <ul class="footer-sub-list"> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/news/">News</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/">Columns</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/social-issues/">Social Issues</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/economy/">Economy</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/">Books</a> </li> <li class=""> <a class="" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/">Arts & Culture</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12"><h5 class="footer-top-border">Trending on Frontline</h5><ul class="footer-menu-list"><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/women-voters-india-cash-transfer-schemes-electoral-impact-2024/article68954347.ece"> Women voters: New political powerhouse? <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/bjp-hindutva-sangh-parivar-women-voters-patriarchy-hindu-mythology-durga-kali/article68946106.ece"> Women of the Hindutva family <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/sufi-shrine-ajmer-dargah-case-sambhal-violence-hindutva-muslims-ayodhya-babri-masjid-worship-culture-religion/article68949998.ece"> Why the Hindu right is coming for India’s Sufi shrines <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/adani-group-hindenburg-bribery-charges-us-narendra-modi-gujarat-sebi-madhabi-puri-buch/article68926300.ece"> SEBI’s great surrender <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/manipur-biren-singh-violence-bjp-congress-kuki-zo-community-assam-rifles-crpf-amit-shah-narendra-modi/article68897452.ece"> Mayhem continues in Manipur <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/news/khalistan-issue-india-canada-terrorism-diplomatic-tension/article67352975.ece"> India, Canada, and the Khalistan conundrum <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/columns/maharashtra-assembly-election-narendra-modi-bjp-vote-share-shiv-sena-amit-shah-eknath-shinde/article68902000.ece"> Maharashtra’s new reality: Beyond the revolving door <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/sally-rooney-author-books-novel-intermezzo-normal-people-character-gen-z-millenial-social-media-capitalism/article68868029.ece"> Normal people, abnormal times: Sally Rooney’s beautiful world of radical romance <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/priyanka-gandhi-wins-wayanad-bypoll-enters-parliament-first-time-2024/article68902203.ece"> Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, Member of Parliament <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/"> Environment News <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/"> Indian Politics News <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12"><h5 class="footer-top-border">Trending on Group sites</h5><ul class="footer-menu-list"><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/topic/live-news/"> Business News Live <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/budget/"> Budget 2024 <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/share-market-nifty-sensex-live-updates-21-march-2024/article67973094.ece"> Stock Market Live Updates <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/portfolio/portfolio-media/todays-stock-recommendation-21st-march-2024/article67973273.ece"> Stock Recommendation Today <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/silver-rate-today/Chennai/"> Silver Rate Today <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/gold-rate-today/"> Gold Rate Today <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/"> IPL 2024 <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/"> Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/csk-squad-2024-ipl-auction-full-list-of-players-bought-chennai-super-kings-team-purse-remaining/article67652070.ece"> CSK Squad IPL 2024 <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/top-gainers-today/"> Market Top Gainers <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/top-losers-today/"> Market Top Losers Today <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/stocks/reliance-industries-ltd/"> Reliance Share Price <span><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/FLRX/graph-arrow-icon.svg" alt="arrow"></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="row pb-5"><div class="col-12"><ul class="footer-social-icon"><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/frontlineindia/" title="Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/footer-icon-fb.svg" alt="Facebook" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy"></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/frontline_india" title="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/footer-icon-tw.svg" alt="Twitter" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy"></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWxdhSIVMreBHJTQlVdg9lA" title="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/footer-icon-youtube.svg" alt="Youtube" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy"></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/frontline.magazine/" title="Instagram" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/footer-icon-insta.svg" alt="Instagram" width="42px" height="34px" class="lazy"></a></li></ul><div class="deskBottomNav"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/privacy.html">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a class="" href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/termsofuse.html">Terms of Use</a> </li> </ol> </div><div class="copyrights"><a href="mailto:flcomments@thehindu.co.in" class="comm" title="Comments to: flcomments@thehindu.co.in.">Copyright © 2025, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.</a></div><div class="back-to-top"><p>BACK TO TOP<img class="lazy" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/back-to-top-arrow.svg" src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" alt="back-to-top"></p></div></div><div class="col-12"></div></div></div></footer><script> loadCSS("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=1737011807"); </script><script src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/js/thgevnt.min.js?ver=1737011925" async defer></script><script> function fragmentlazyload(selector){ var fragmentcontent = []; if(typeof selector !== 'undefined' && selector){ fragmentcontent = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(selector +" .fragmentcontent.lazy")); } else{ fragmentcontent = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(".fragmentcontent.lazy")) } if ("IntersectionObserver" in window) { let lazyContentObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { let lazycontent = entry.target; let fragmentUrl = lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; fetch(fragmentUrl).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function(resp) { if(typeof resp !="undefined"){ try{ $(lazycontent).html(resp); } catch(e){ lazycontent.innerHTML = resp; } delete lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; imglazyload("#"+lazycontent.id); lazycontent.classList.remove("lazy"); lazyContentObserver.unobserve(lazycontent); } }).catch(function(error) { console.error(error) }); } }); }); fragmentcontent.forEach(function(content) { lazyContentObserver.observe(content); }); } else { fragmentcontent.forEach(function(lazycontent) { let fragmentUrl = lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; fetch(fragmentUrl).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function(resp) { if(typeof resp !="undefined"){ lazycontent.innerHTML = resp; delete lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; imglazyload("#"+lazycontent.id); lazycontent.classList.remove("lazy"); } }).catch(function(error) { console.error(error) }); }); } } function imglazyload(selector){ var lazyImages = []; if(typeof selector !== 'undefined' && selector){ lazyImages = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(selector +" img.lazy")); } else{ lazyImages = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("img.lazy")) }var imageSizes = [80, 100, 115, 140, 170, 215, 230, 240, 300, 320, 355,385, 435, 460, 480,560, 615, 660, 730, 810, 960, 1080, 1140, 1200];if ("IntersectionObserver" in window) { let lazyImageObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { let lazyImage = entry.target; let variant = lazyImage.dataset.deviceVariant; let imagesrc = lazyImage.dataset.srcTemplate; if(typeof imagesrc !="undefined" && imagesrc != ""){ if(typeof variant !="undefined" && variant != ""){ let position = 0; if(DevIdf.isDesktop){ position = 1; } else if(DevIdf.isTablet){ position = 2; } else if(DevIdf.isMobile){ position = 3; } variant = variant.split("~")[position]; var selected = Math.max.apply(null, imageSizes); for (var i = 0; i < imageSizes.length; i++) { if (lazyImage.offsetWidth <= imageSizes[i]) { selected = imageSizes[i]; break; } } var alterRegEx = new RegExp("alternates\/[a-z0-9_]*", "ig"); imagesrc = imagesrc.replace(alterRegEx,"alternates/"+variant + "_" + selected); lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } else{ lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } } lazyImage.classList.remove("lazy"); lazyImageObserver.unobserve(lazyImage); } }); }); lazyImages.forEach(function(lazyImage) { lazyImageObserver.observe(lazyImage); }); } else { lazyImages.forEach(function(lazyImage) { let variant = lazyImage.dataset.deviceVariant; let imagesrc = lazyImage.dataset.srcTemplate; if(typeof imagesrc !="undefined" && imagesrc != ""){ if(typeof variant !="undefined" && variant != ""){ let position = 0; if(DevIdf.isDesktop){ position = 1; } else if(DevIdf.isTablet){ position = 2; } else if(DevIdf.isMobile){ position = 3; } variant = variant.split("~")[position]; var selected = Math.max.apply(null, imageSizes); for (var i = 0; i < imageSizes.length; i++) { if (lazyImage.offsetWidth <= imageSizes[i]) { selected = imageSizes[i]; break; } } var alterRegEx = new RegExp("alternates\/[a-z0-9_]*", "ig"); imagesrc = imagesrc.replace(alterRegEx,"alternates/"+variant + "_" + selected); lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } else{ lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } } lazyImage.classList.remove("lazy"); }); } } document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) { imglazyload(); fragmentlazyload();}); </script><script> const _disallow_params = ["gaa_at", "gaa_n", "gaa_ts", "gaa_sig"] tp.push(['init', function() { const current_url = new URL(window.location.href) const matched_params = _disallow_params.filter(el => current_url.searchParams.has(el)) if (!tp.pianoId.isUserValid() && matched_params.length == 0){ loadScript("https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"); setTimeout(() => { google.accounts.id.initialize({ client_id: '123036381837-pvm923k0juvf1g7sk4me0u8oga9tnd47.apps.googleusercontent.com', callback: handleGoogleSignIn, use_fedcm_for_prompt: true, auto_prompt: false, itp_support: true }); handleResponseUrl(); }, 3000); } }]) function parseJwt (token) { var base64Url = token.split('.')[1]; var base64 = base64Url.replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/'); var jsonPayload = decodeURIComponent(window.atob(base64).split('').map(function(c) { return '%' + ('00' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2); }).join('')); return JSON.parse(jsonPayload); } </script><div id="g_id_onload" data-skip_prompt_cookie="__utp" data-auto_prompt="false" data-itp_support="true" data-use_fedcm_for_prompt="true" ></div><!-- Promotion content on Login --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Faustina:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><style> #gsi_overlay { display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 9999; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); } #oneTapOverlay { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 9998; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); } .oneTapOverlay-inner { margin-right: 420px; margin-left: auto; width: calc(100% - 420px); display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: flex-end; margin-top: 80px; } .oTO-Text-Logo img { width: 59px; height: 59px; } .oneTapOverlay-text { display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-top: 57px; max-width: 550px; } .oTO-Text { padding: 0 16px; color: #FFFFFF; } .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 20px; line-height: 28px; font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-weight: bold; margin: 15px 0; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 20px; margin: 16px 0 8px; font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-weight: bold; } .oTO-Text-points { padding: 0; position: absolute; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-family: "Faustina", serif; list-style-type: none; position: relative; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; } .oTO-Text-points li::before { content: ''; display: block; padding: 8px 7px; background: url('https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/arrow-819.svg') no-repeat center center; background-size: contain; margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 6px; } .oneTapOverlay-arrow img { max-width: 100%; } @media screen and(max-width: 1250px) { .oneTapOverlay-arrow { display: none } } @media screen and(max-width: 820px) { .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 24px; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 18px; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; } .oneTapOverlay-text { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } } @media screen and(max-height: 500px) { .oneTapOverlay-text { margin-top: 0; } .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 24px; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 18px; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; } } @media(max-width: 767px) { #gsi_overlay { z-index: 9999 !important; } .oTO-Text-points { display: none !important; } } body.headersticky iframe#credential_picker_iframe { bottom: 85px !important; } div#credential_picker_container { z-index: 99999999999999999999 !important; } </style><div id="gsi_overlay"><div class="oneTapOverlay-inner"><div class="oneTapOverlay-text"><div class="oTO-Text-Logo"><img src='https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/fl-online-icon.svg' alt="Frontline"/></div><div class="oTO-Text"><div class="oTO-Text-title">Sign in to Unlock member-only benefits!</div><ul class="oTO-Text-points"><li>Bookmark stories to read later.</li><li>Comment on stories to start conversations.</li><li>Subscribe to our newsletters.</li><li>Get notified about discounts and offers to our products.</li></ul></div></div><div class="oneTapOverlay-arrow"><img src='https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/group-12945.svg' alt="Sign in"/></div></div></div><script> const gsi_container = document.getElementById("g_id_onload") const auth_ep = "https://madhyama.thehindu.com/api/gni"; const response_ep = "https://madhyama.thehindu.com/api/sociallogin" function logMomentNotification(v) { console.log(v); // const gsi_overlay = document.getElementById("gsi_overlay") if(v === "display") { // gsi_overlay.style.display = "block"; dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'onetap_signin', 'data' : { 'click':'view', 'click_type' : '', 'general_placement':'body', 'detailed_placement':'', 'goal_type':'onetap_signin_view' } }); } // else gsi_overlay.style.display = "none" } function loginCallback(res) { handleGoogleSignIn() } function pushLoginEventToDataLayer() { dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'onetap_signin', 'data' : { 'click':'sign_in', 'click_type' : 'action', 'general_placement':'body', 'detailed_placement':'', 'goal_type':'onetap_signin' } }); } function handleGoogleSignIn(user) { console.log('handleGoogleSignIn'); const clean_url = cleanArticleUrl(); const options = { method: "POST", headers: getHeaders(), body: JSON.stringify({ "token": user.credential, "article_url": clean_url, "pubId": "FL", }) }; fetch(auth_ep, options) .then(function(res) { if (!res.ok) throw new Error(res.statusText) return res.json() }) .then(function(res) { if (res.redirect_uri) { pushLoginEventToDataLayer(); setTimeout(() => { window.location.replace(res.redirect_uri); }, 0200); } else if (!res.token || res.token.trim() === "") return else if(res.token && window.tp.pianoId) tp.push(['init', function() { pushLoginEventToDataLayer(); try { let parsedToken = parseJwt(res.token) dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'login_successful', 'data' : { 'onetap_signin': 'yes', 'email': parsedToken.email, 'uid': parsedToken.sub, 'platform': 'WEB' } }); } catch (error) { console.log("onetap-signin-err", error); } tp.pianoId.loginByToken(res.token); setTimeout(() => window.location.reload(), 0700); }]) else { console.log("Nothing happened...") } }) .catch(err => console.error(err)); } function cleanArticleUrl() { const params_to_remove = ["utm_source", "utm_medium", "utm_campaign", "utm_term", "utm_content"] const url_obj = new URL(`${window.location.href}`) url_obj.searchParams.forEach((v, k) => {if (params_to_remove.includes(k)) url_obj.searchParams.delete(k)} ) return url_obj.toString() } function handleResponseUrl() { const url_obj = new URL(window.location.href) const response_id = url_obj.searchParams.get("response_id") const redirect_uri = url_obj.searchParams.get("internal_redirect_uri") if (!response_id || !redirect_uri) { google?.accounts.id.prompt((d) => { logMomentNotification(d.getMomentType()); }); return } // If user is already logged in, Do nothing with response_id or redirect_uri // else if (window.tp && window.tp.pianoId.isUserValid()) return; const options = { method: 'POST', headers: getHeaders(), body: JSON.stringify({ "response_id": response_id, "pubId": "FL" }) } fetch(response_ep, options) .then(function(res) { if (!res.ok) throw new Error(res.statusText) return res.json() }) .then(function(res) { console.log(res) // return if response is not ok OR no access token is present if (!res.data.status === "ok" || !res.data.access_token) return if(window.tp.pianoId) tp.push(['init', function() { try { let parsedToken = parseJwt(res.data.access_token) dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'login_successful', 'data' : { 'onetap_signin': 'yes', 'email': parsedToken.email, 'uid': parsedToken.sub, 'platform': 'WEB' } }); } catch (error) { console.log("onetap-signin-err", error); } tp.pianoId.loginByToken(res.data.access_token) setTimeout(function() { window.location.replace(res.data.redirect_uri) }, 1000); }]) else window.location.replace(res.data.redirect_uri) }) .catch(err => console.error("Error: ", err)); } function getHeaders() { return { "Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*", "Authorization": "Basic dGhlaGluZHU6a251cl9DSC1BNVBZVSU4Vw==", "Content-Type": "application/json", } } </script><script> window.tp.push([ "init", function () { if (window.tp.pianoId.isUserValid()) loadScript("https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/js/vue-petite.min.js?ver=1737011758") } ]) </script><style> .link a { color: white !important; } .device-info { margin-right: 4px; } .popup-background { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); position: fixed; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0; left: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; z-index: 15; } [v-cloak] { display: none; } .popup { width: 100%; max-width: 800px; height: auto; background: #000000; padding: 35px 75px 35px 110px; color: #ffffff; position: relative; } .popup .popup-close { border: none; background: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; position: absolute; top: 15px; right: 15px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 200; line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none; } .popup .title { font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; display: flex; align-items: center; position: relative; min-height: 50px; } .popup .title::before { content: ""; width: 50px; height: 50px; background: url(../../../theme/images/th-online/th-circle-white.svg) no-repeat center; background-size: 50px 50px; display: block; position: absolute; left: -65px; } .popup .sub-text { font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal; margin: 5px 0 15px; } .popup .popup-btn { background-color: #ffffff !important; color: #000000 !important; font-weight: bold; width: max-content; min-width: 130px; height: 34px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 4px; border: none; cursor: pointer; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; padding: 0px 10px 0px 20px; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 25px auto; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transition: all 0.3s; } .popup .popup-btn:focus { box-shadow: none; outline: none; text-decoration: none; } .popup .popup-btn:after { content: "→"; position: relative; opacity: 0; top: -1px; right: 15%; transition: 0.3s; } .popup .popup-btn:hover { padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 10px; color: #000000; text-decoration: none; outline: none; } .popup .popup-btn:hover::after { opacity: 1; right: -8px; } .popup .device-list { list-style: none; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0; overflow-y: scroll; max-height: calc(100vh - 380px); padding-right: 15px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 10px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1215686275); transition: width 0.3s; cursor: pointer; display: block; border-radius: 20px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3333333333); border-radius: 20px; } .popup .device-list li { width: 100%; padding: 12px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1333333333); } .popup .device-list li:first-child { padding-top: 0; } .popup .device-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; padding-bottom: 0; } .popup .device-list li > div { display: flex; justify-content: left; align-items: flex-start; } .popup .device-list li .s-no { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: right; width: 15px; position: relative; top: 3px; } .popup .device-list li .icon { content: ""; width: 20px; height: 20px; background: url(../../../theme/images/th-online/device-user-icon.svg) no-repeat center; background-size: contain; display: block; margin: 0px 10px 0; position: relative; top: 2px; } .popup .device-list li .device { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; line-height: normal; } .popup .device-list li .device span { display: block; font-family: inherit; } .popup .device-list li .popup-btn { margin: 0 0; } .popup p.link { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-weight: 200; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 20px auto 0; } .popup p.link a { font-weight: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; transition: all 0.3s; } .popup p.link a:hover { text-decoration: none; } .popup p.link span { color: #555555; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: 3px; } @media screen and (max-width: 700px) { .popup { padding: 40px 40px 40px 90px; } } @media screen and(max-width: 570px) { .popup { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; padding: 35px 25px; } .popup .popup-close { font-size: 17px; line-height: 17px; } .popup .title { font-size: 14px; min-height: auto; padding-left: 60px; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 24px; } .popup .title::before { left: 0; } .popup .sub-text { font-size: 14px; margin: 5px 0 15px; line-height: normal; } .popup .popup-btn { min-width: 90px; height: 30px; font-size: 10px; margin: 15px auto; } .popup .popup-btn:hover { padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 0px; } .popup .device-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 5px; } .popup .device-list li { padding: 7px 0; } .popup .device-list li .s-no { font-size: 13px; width: 5px; } .popup .device-list li .icon { width: 15px; height: 15px; background-size: 15px 15px; margin: 2px 7px 0; } .popup .device-list li .device { font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; } .popup p.link { font-size: 12px; margin: 15px auto 0; } .popup p.link a { text-underline-offset: 2px; } .popup p.link span { color: #555555; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: 3px; } } </style><div class="popup-background" id="user-session-popup" v-show="store.session_limit_exceeded === true" v-scope v-cloak><div class="popup"><button class="popup-close" onclick="window.tp.pianoId.logout()">✕</button><div class="title">Looks like you are already logged in from more than 3 devices!</div><div class="sub-text">To continue logging in, remove at least one device from the below list</div><ul class="device-list"><li v-for="device_detail, index in store.device_info" :key="index"><div class="device-info" v-scope="DeviceInfoComponent({index, ...device_detail})"></div><button class="btn popup-btn" @click="sendDeleteRequest([device_detail.payload], 'single')">Log out</button></li></ul><button class="btn popup-btn" @click="sendDeleteRequest(store.device_info.map(di => di.payload), 'all')">Log Out from all devices</button><p class="link"><a href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/privacy.html" target="_blank">Terms & conditions</a><span> | </span><a href="https://forms.office.com/r/tz7UETzxUs" target="_blank">Institutional Subscriber</a></p></div></div><template id="device-info"><span class="s-no">${ ind + 1 }</span><span class="icon"></span><span class="device"> ${ device }<span class="duration">Last active - ${ la }</span></span></template><script>const us_api_domain = "/";</script><script src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/js/user_session.min.js?ver=1737011925"></script><div class="comments-chat"><div class="comments-overlay"></div><div class="comments-box" style="padding:0 10px 0 10px"><button class="comments-close"><img class="menu-hamber lazy" data-src-template="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/menu-close-icon.svg" src="https://assetsfl.thehindu.com/theme/images/fl-online/1x1_spacer.png" width="25" height="14"></button><h3>Comments</h3><p>Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. They cannot be abusive or personal. Please abide to our community <a href="/termsofuse/">guidelines</a> for posting your comment</p><div id="coral_thread"></div></div></div><script> window.coralLoaded = false; function loadCoaral(){ if(!coralLoaded){ tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(["init", function () { if (!tp.user.isUserValid()) { loadcoralEmded() } else{ var myHeaders = new Headers(); myHeaders.append("x-client-auth", tp.pianoId.getToken()); var requestOptions = { method: 'GET', headers: myHeaders }; fetch("https://flcmt.thehindu.com/gtk?aid=7JJs2o4rpu", requestOptions).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.json(); } }).then(function(resp) { loadcoralEmded(resp.token) }).catch(function(error) { console.error("Auth Error", error) loadcoralEmded() }); } }]); } } loadScript("https://flcmt.thehindu.com/assets/js/count.js"); function loadcoralEmded (auth){ (function() { var d = document, s = d.createElement('script'); s.src = 'https://flcmt.thehindu.com/assets/js/embed.js'; s.async = false; s.defer = true; s.onload = function() { var embed = Coral.createStreamEmbed({ id: "coral_thread", autoRender: true, rootURL: 'https://flcmt.thehindu.com', storyID: '68769653', storyURL: 'https://frontline.thehindu.com/books/safdar-hashmi-towards-theatre-for-democracy-anjum-katyal-book-review-indian-theatre/article68769653.ece', events: function (events) { events.onAny(function(eventName, data) { console.log(eventName, data); if(eventName == "signOut.success"){ tp.pianoId.logout() } else if(eventName == "loginPrompt"){ document.querySelector(".thgsignin").click(); createCookie("commentClick","true",0) } else if(eventName === 'createComment.success'){ dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event': 'PA_click', 'click':'Article', 'click_type': 'action', 'general_placement':'body', 'detailed_placement':'comments', 'goal_type':'Comments' }) } }); } }); if(auth){ embed.login(auth); } window.coralLoaded = true; }; (d.head || d.body).appendChild(s); })(); } if(getUrlParameter("commentID") != null){ document.querySelector(".comments") != null ? document.querySelector(".comments").click() : null } if(readCookie("commentClick") == "true"){ eraseCookie('commentClick'); tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(["init", function () { if (tp.user.isUserValid()) { if(typeof loadCoaral == "function"){loadCoaral()} $(".comments-chat").addClass("show-comments") } }]); } </script></body></html>