Air quality in Europe 2022 — European Environment Agency

<!DOCTYPE html>      <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <base href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/air-quality-in-europe-2022/" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#069" /> <meta name="description" content="Information on the environment for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public" /> <meta name="DC.description" content="Air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe and significantly impacts the health of the European population, particularly in urban areas. While emissions of key air pollutants and their concentrations in ambient air have fallen significantly over the past two decades in Europe, air quality remains poor in many areas." /> <meta name="description" content="Air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe and significantly impacts the health of the European population, particularly in urban areas. While emissions of key air pollutants and their concentrations in ambient air have fallen significantly over the past two decades in Europe, air quality remains poor in many areas." /> <meta name="DC.format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.type" content="Briefing" /> <meta name="DC.date.valid_range" content="2022/11/24 - " /> <meta name="keywords" content="air quality, air polllution" /> <meta name="DC.date.modified" content="2023-02-28T14:20:36+02:00" /> <meta name="DC.subject" content="air quality, air polllution" /> <meta name="DC.date.created" content="2022-11-15T18:23:33+02:00" /> <meta name="DC.language" content="en" /> <style> /* - critical.css - */ /*! (do not remove this :) *//*! 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><span>Topics</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <a title="At a glance" class="sub-title" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance" ><span>At a glance</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="State of Europe's environment" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/state-of-europes-environment" ><span>State of Europe's environment</span></a ><a title="Climate" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/climate" ><span>Climate</span></a ><a title="Economy and resources" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/economy-and-resources" ><span>Economy and resources</span></a ><a title="Health" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/health" ><span>Health</span></a ><a title="Nature" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/nature" ><span>Nature</span></a ><a title="Sustainability" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/at-a-glance/sustainability" ><span>Sustainability</span></a > </div> </div> <div id="topics-right-column" class="nine wide column"> <a title="In-depth topics" class="sub-title" href="/en/topics/in-depth" ><span>In-depth topics</span></a > <div class="ui four column grid"> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Agriculture and food system" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/agriculture-and-food" ><span>Agriculture and food system</span></a ><a title="Air pollution" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/air-pollution-new" ><span>Air pollution</span></a ><a title="Bathing water quality" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/bathing-water" ><span>Bathing water quality</span></a ><a title="Biodiversity: state of habitats and species" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/biodiversity" ><span>Biodiversity: state of habitats and species</span></a ><a title="Buildings and construction" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/buildings-and-construction" ><span>Buildings and construction</span></a ><a title="Chemicals" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/chemicals" ><span>Chemicals</span></a ><a title="Circular economy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/circular-economy" ><span>Circular economy</span></a ><a title="Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-impacts-risks-and-adaptation" ><span>Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation</span></a ><a title="Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/climate-change-mitigation-reducing-emissions" ><span>Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions</span></a ><a title="Electric vehicles" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/electric-vehicles" ><span>Electric vehicles</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Energy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/energy" ><span>Energy</span></a ><a title="Energy efficiency" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/energy-efficiency" ><span>Energy efficiency</span></a ><a title="Environmental health impacts" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/environmental-health-impacts" ><span>Environmental health impacts</span></a ><a title="Environmental inequalities" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/environmental-inequalities" ><span>Environmental inequalities</span></a ><a title="Extreme weather: floods, droughts and heatwaves" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/extreme-weather-floods-droughts-and-heatwaves" ><span>Extreme weather: floods, droughts and heatwaves</span></a ><a title="Forests and forestry" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/forests-and-forestry" ><span>Forests and forestry</span></a ><a title="Industry" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/industry" ><span>Industry</span></a ><a title="Land use" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/land-use" ><span>Land use</span></a ><a title="Nature protection and restoration" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/nature-protection-and-restoration" ><span>Nature protection and restoration</span></a ><a title="Noise" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/noise" ><span>Noise</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Plastics" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/plastics" ><span>Plastics</span></a ><a title="Pollution" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/pollution" ><span>Pollution</span></a ><a title="Production and consumption" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/production-and-consumption" ><span>Production and consumption</span></a ><a title="Renewable energy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/renewable-energy" ><span>Renewable energy</span></a ><a title="Resource use and materials" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/resource-use-and-materials" ><span>Resource use and materials</span></a ><a title="Road transport" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/road-transport-new" ><span>Road transport</span></a ><a title="Seas and coasts" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/seas-and-coasts" ><span>Seas and coasts</span></a ><a title="Soil" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/soil" ><span>Soil</span></a ><a title="Sustainability challenges" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/sustainability-challenges" ><span>Sustainability challenges</span></a ><a title="Sustainability solutions" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/sustainability-solutions" ><span>Sustainability solutions</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Sustainable finance" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/sustainable-finance" ><span>Sustainable finance</span></a ><a title="Textiles" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/textiles" ><span>Textiles</span></a ><a title="Transport and mobility" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/transport-and-mobility-new" ><span>Transport and mobility</span></a ><a title="Urban sustainability" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/urban-sustainability" ><span>Urban sustainability</span></a ><a title="Waste and recycling" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/waste-and-recycling" ><span>Waste and recycling</span></a ><a title="Water" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/topics/in-depth/water" ><span>Water</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-analysis-and-data"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Analysis and data" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/analysis" ><span>Analysis and data</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right"></i ></a> </div> <div class="ui four column grid"> <div class="column"> <a title="Publications" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/publications" ><span>Publications</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Maps and charts" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/maps-and-charts" ><span>Maps and charts</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Indicators" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/indicators" ><span>Indicators</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Country fact sheets" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/country-fact-sheets" ><span>Country fact sheets</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Datahub" class="sub-title" href="/en/analysis/data-hub" ><span>Datahub</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-countries"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Countries" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/countries" ><span>Countries</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right"></i ></a> </div> <div class="ui grid"> <div class="eight wide column"> <a title="EEA member countries" class="sub-title" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries" ><span>EEA member countries</span></a > <div class="ui five column grid"> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Austria" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/austria" ><span>Austria</span></a ><a title="Belgium" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/belgium" ><span>Belgium</span></a ><a title="Bulgaria" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/bulgaria" ><span>Bulgaria</span></a ><a title="Croatia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/croatia" ><span>Croatia</span></a ><a title="Cyprus" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/cyprus" ><span>Cyprus</span></a ><a title="Czechia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/czechia" ><span>Czechia</span></a ><a title="Denmark" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/denmark" ><span>Denmark</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Estonia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/estonia" ><span>Estonia</span></a ><a title="Finland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/finland" ><span>Finland</span></a ><a title="France" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/france" ><span>France</span></a ><a title="Germany" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/germany" ><span>Germany</span></a ><a title="Greece" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/greece" ><span>Greece</span></a ><a title="Hungary" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/hungary" ><span>Hungary</span></a ><a title="Iceland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/iceland" ><span>Iceland</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Ireland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/ireland" ><span>Ireland</span></a ><a title="Italy" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/italy" ><span>Italy</span></a ><a title="Latvia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/latvia" ><span>Latvia</span></a ><a title="Liechtenstein" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/liechtenstein" ><span>Liechtenstein</span></a ><a title="Lithuania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/lithuania" ><span>Lithuania</span></a ><a title="Luxembourg" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/luxembourg" ><span>Luxembourg</span></a ><a title="Malta" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/malta" ><span>Malta</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Netherlands" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/netherlands" ><span>Netherlands</span></a ><a title="Norway" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/norway" ><span>Norway</span></a ><a title="Poland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/poland" ><span>Poland</span></a ><a title="Portugal" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/portugal" ><span>Portugal</span></a ><a title="Romania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/romania" ><span>Romania</span></a ><a title="Slovakia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/slovakia" ><span>Slovakia</span></a ><a title="Slovenia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/slovenia" ><span>Slovenia</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Spain" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/spain" ><span>Spain</span></a ><a title="Sweden" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/sweden" ><span>Sweden</span></a ><a title="Switzerland" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/switzerland" ><span>Switzerland</span></a ><a title="Türkiye" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/eea-member-countries/turkiye" ><span>Türkiye</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="four wide column"> <div class="ui one column grid nested-grid"> <div class="column"> <a title="Cooperating countries" class="sub-title" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries" ><span>Cooperating countries</span></a > <div class="ui two column grid"> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Albania" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/albania" ><span>Albania</span></a ><a title="Bosnia and Herzegovina" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina" ><span>Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a ><a title="Kosovo" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/kosovo" ><span>Kosovo *</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div role="list" class="ui list"> <a title="Montenegro" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/montenegro" ><span>Montenegro</span></a ><a title="North Macedonia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/north-macedonia" ><span>North Macedonia</span></a ><a title="Serbia" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/countries/cooperating-countries/serbia" ><span>Serbia</span></a > </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-newsroom"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="Newsletter" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/newsroom"> <span>Newsletter</span> <span> overview</span> <i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="ui four column grid"> <div class="column"> <a title="Press releases" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/news"> <span>Press releases</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Feature articles" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/editorial"> <span>Feature articles</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Corporate visuals" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/branding-materials"> <span>Corporate visuals</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Events" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/events"> <span>Events</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Photo competitions" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/photo-competitions"> <span>Photo competitions</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Newsletter and news service" class="sub-title" href="/en/newsroom/newsletter"> <span>Newsletter and news service</span> </a> <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-content tablet hidden mobile hidden" id="tip-about-us"> <div class="mega-menu-title"> <a title="About us" class="ui button inverted icon right labeled" href="/en/about" ><span>About us</span><span> overview</span ><i alt="Title icon" aria-hidden="true" class="eea-icon eea-icon-arrow-right" ></i ></a> </div> <div class="ui four column grid"> <div class="column"> <a title="Who we are" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/who-we-are" ><span>Who we are</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Governance" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/governance" ><span>Governance</span></a ><a title="Our knowledge network — Eionet" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/our-knowledge-network-eionet" ><span>Our knowledge network — Eionet</span></a ><a title="Projects and cooperation agreements" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/projects-and-cooperation-agreements" ><span>Projects and cooperation agreements</span></a ><a title="Becoming a climate neutral agency" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/who-we-are/becoming-a-climate-neutral-agency" ><span>Becoming a climate neutral agency</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Key partners" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/key-partners" ><span>Key partners</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="European Union partners" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/eu-partners" ><span>European Union partners</span></a ><a title="International engagement" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/international-engagement" ><span>International engagement</span></a ><a title="Copernicus" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/key-partners/copernicus" ><span>Copernicus</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Careers" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/careers" ><span>Careers</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Vacancies" class="item" href="/en/about/careers/vacancies"><span>Vacancies</span></a> <a title="How to apply" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/how-to-apply" ><span>How to apply</span></a ><a title="Our workplace" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/our-workplace" ><span>Our workplace</span></a ><a title="Traineeships" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/careers/traineeships" ><span>Traineeships</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Procurement and grants" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants" ><span>Procurement and grants</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Contracts between €15,000 and €143,000" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/negotiated-procedures" ><span>Contracts between €15,000 and €143,000</span></a ><a title="Contracts above €143,000" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/tenders" ><span>Contracts above €143,000</span></a ><a title="Toolbox" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/procurement-and-grants/toolbox" ><span>Toolbox</span></a > </div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Policy corner: EU policies we support" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/policy-corner-eu-policies-we-support" ><span>Policy corner: EU policies we support</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"></div> </div> <div class="column"> <a title="Working practices" class="sub-title" href="/en/about/working-practices" ><span>Working practices</span></a > <div role="list" class="ui list menu-list"> <a title="Procedures and policies" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/working-practices/procedures-and-policies" ><span>Procedures and policies</span></a ><a title="Personal data protection" class="item" role="listitem" href="/en/about/working-practices/personal-data-protection" 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data-sentry-dsn="https://b8f49a13f9704ac88fb4c9bb30539028@sentry.eea.europa.eu/2" data-sentry-env="W1 AWS" data-sentry-ver="23.9.14" data-sentry-user="{}" data-sentry-site="www" data-sentry-server="www-plone-anon-instance-1"></div> </div> <div id="region-content" class=""> <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none"> <dt>Info</dt> <dd></dd> </dl> <div id="content" class="documentContent panels"> <div class="fullwidth-img-container"> <div class="fullwidth-img-bg" style="background-image:url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/air-quality-in-europe-2022/image_panoramic)" title="Image credits: © Branko Nađ, Well with Nature /EEA"></div> </div> <div class="content-header"> <p class="mini-portal-type">WEB REPORT</p> <dl class="portalMessage warning publicationMessage publicationDocument"> <dt class="portletHeader">Note: new versions of the publication are available!</dt> <dd> <ul> <li> <a href="/www/SITE/publications/europes-air-quality-status-2024">Europe's air quality status 2024</a> </li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <h2 class="documentParentHeader publicationDocument">Air quality in Europe 2022</h2> <h1 id="parent-fieldname-title" class="documentFirstHeading"> Air quality in Europe 2022 </h1> <div class="content-header-body">  <div class="documentByLine" id="plone-document-byline"> <noscript> <div class="portalMessage warning">This website has limited functionality with javascript off. Please make sure javascript is enabled in your browser.</div> </noscript> <span class="portalType">Briefing</span> <span class="docDate publishDate"> Published 24 Nov 2022 <span class="byline-separator"></span> </span> <span class="docDate modificationDate"> Last modified 28 Feb 2023 <span class="byline-separator"></span> </span> <div class="documentByLineReadingStats inline-block"> <span class="documentByLineReadingTime">4</span> <span>min read</span> <span class="byline-separator"></span> </div> <div class="documentByLineImageCopyright"> <span>Photo: ©</span> Branko Nađ, Well with Nature /EEA </div> </div> <div class="documentByLineThemes" id="themes-tags"> <span class="listHead">Topics:</span> <span> <a class="link-category" rel="tag" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/human">Environment and health</a> </span> </div> <div id="parent-fieldname-description" class="documentDescription"> Air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe and significantly impacts the health of the European population, particularly in urban areas. While emissions of key air pollutants and their concentrations in ambient air have fallen significantly over the past two decades in Europe, air quality remains poor in many areas. </div> </div> </div> <nav id="portal-breadcrumbs" class="plone-breadcrumb"> <div class="eea-container breadcrumbs-container"> <span id="breadcrumbs-you-are-here" class="hiddenStructure">You are here:</span> <ol aria-labelledby="breadcrumbs-you-are-here" class="plone-breadcrumb-list"> <li id="breadcrumbs-home"> <a title="Home" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu"> <em class="eea-icon eea-icon-lg eea-icon-home eea-icon-marginless"></em> </a> </li> <li id="breadcrumbs-1"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications" title="Publications">Publications</a> </li> <li id="breadcrumbs-2"> <span id="breadcrumbs-current">Air quality in Europe 2022</span> </li> </ol> </div> </nav> <div class="content-core-wrapper"> <div id="content-core" class="content-core wf-state-published"> <div class="fiche-body"> <div class="fullwidth-img-container"> <div class="fullwidth-img-bg" style="background-image:url(https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/air-quality-in-europe-2022/image_panoramic)" title="Image credits: © Branko Nađ, Well with Nature /EEA"></div> </div> <div class="fiche-summary"> <div class="keyFact keyFact--enlarged"> <div class="" id="parent-fieldname-summary-1309a701c293480eaa3535edbcf87c26"> <h2>Key messages</h2> <ul> <li>Air pollution is a major health concern for Europeans. In 2020 in the European Union, 96% of the urban population was exposed to levels of fine particulate matter above the health-based guideline level set by the World Health Organization.</li> <li>In 2020, exposure to concentrations of fine particulate matter above the 2021 World Health Organization guideline level resulted in 238,000 premature deaths in the EU-27. Air pollution also causes morbidity, whereby people live with disease — entailing both personal suffering and significant health care costs.</li> <li>The zero pollution action plan sets the target to reduce the number of premature deaths due to exposure to fine particulate matter by 55% by 2030, compared to 2005. In 2020, premature deaths attributed to exposure to fine particulate matter fell by 45% in the EU-27, compared to 2005.</li> <li>Further efforts will be needed to meet the zero pollution vision for 2050 of reducing air pollution to levels no longer considered harmful to health.</li> <li>The zero pollution action plan sets the 2030 target of a 25% reduction to the share of ecosystems impacted by air pollution, compared to 2005. In 2020, damaging levels of nitrogen deposition to ecosystems were exceeded in 75% of the total ecosystem area in the EU-27. This represents a fall of 12% since 2005.</li> <li>In 2020, emissions of all key air pollutants in the EU-27 continued to decline — maintaining the trend seen since 2005 and showing a decoupling from the increasing gross domestic production over the same period.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="" id="parent-fieldname-text-1309a701c293480eaa3535edbcf87c26"> <p>The ‘Air quality in Europe’ <a title="" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/#c7=en&c11=5&c14=air-quality-reports&c12=&b_start=0" class="external-link" target="_self">report series</a> from the European Environment Agency (EEA) presents annual assessments of air pollutant emissions and concentrations in ambient air across Europe, as well as associated impacts on health and the environment. The annual assessments are primarily based on official data reported to the EEA by European countries. </p> <div class="fullwidth-bg eea-block bg-primary"> <p><span>Chapters of the </span><strong>Air quality in Europe 2022</strong><span> report:</span></p> <ul> <li><b><a title="" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/status-of-air-quality-in-Europe-2022/europes-air-quality-status-2022" class="internal-link" target="_self">Europe’s air quality status</a> </b></li> <li><b><a title="" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution" class="internal-link" target="_self">Health impacts of air pollution in Europe</a> </b></li> <li><strong><a title="" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/impacts-of-air-pollution-on-ecosystems" class="internal-link" target="_self">Ecosystems impacts of air pollution in Europe</a></strong></li> <li><b><a title="" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/sources-and-emissions-of-air" class="internal-link" target="_self">Sources and emissions of air pollutants in Europe</a> </b></li> </ul> </div> <p>In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) published new <a href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/345329">air quality guidelines</a> following a systematic review of the latest scientific evidence demonstrating how air pollution damages human health. The European Union (EU) has also set <a class="external-link" href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/air/air-quality/eu-air-quality-standards_en" title="">standards for key air pollutants</a> in the <a class="external-link" href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/air/air-quality_en#law" target="_self" title="">ambient air quality directives</a>. In the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN">European Green Deal</a>, the European Commission committed to further improving air quality and to aligning EU air quality standards more closely with the WHO recommendations. This commitment was echoed in the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021DC0400&qid=1623311742827">zero pollution action plan</a>, which set a vision for 2050 to reduce air, water and soil pollution to levels no longer considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems. In addition, the zero pollution action plan introduced targets for 2030, two of which focus on air and aim to:</p> <ul> <li>reduce the health impacts of air pollution (premature deaths) by more than 55%, compared to 2005;</li> <li>reduce the share of EU ecosystems where air pollution threatens biodiversity by 25%, compared to 2005.</li> </ul> <div> <p>Stricter air quality standards would also contribute to the objectives of <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/promoting-our-european-way-life/european-health-union/cancer-plan-europe_en">Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan</a>. Air pollution is a known cause of cancer in Europe; in particular, lung cancer (<a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-burden-of-cancer/air-pollution">EEA, 2022</a>).</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="box box--full box-secondary"> <p><a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/publications/revision-eu-ambient-air-quality-legislation_en"><b>European Commission proposes new rules for cleaner air</b></a><b> </b></p> <p>In October 2022, the European Commission published a <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2022%3A542%3AFIN">proposal for a revision of the Ambient Air Quality Directive</a>. Key measures are listed below.</p> <ul> <li>Stricter thresholds for pollution, more closely aligned with new limits set by the World Health Organization.</li> <li>Enhancing the right to clean air, improved access to justice.</li> <li>Current law does not include provisions for citizens to claim compensation for health damage due to air pollution. The new rules will bring more effective penalties and compensation possibilities for violating air quality rules.</li> <li>Strengthened rules for air quality monitoring to support preventive action and targeted measures.</li> <li>Requirements to improve air quality modelling, especially if and where air quality is poor.</li> <li>Better public information.</li> </ul> <div> <p>The above measures are aligned with other legislative proposals, such as the revision of the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/industry/stationary/ied/evaluation.htm">Industrial Emissions Directive</a> and recent proposals on <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/QANDA_22_6496">Euro 7 emission standards</a> for road vehicles, which will support the achievement of stricter air quality standards.</p> </div> </div> <p><span>This report analyses the status of concentrations of pollutants in ambient air in 2020 and 2021 — presented by pollutant and related to both EU air quality standards and the 2021 WHO guideline levels. It presents the health impacts of exposure to key air pollutants, both in terms of mortality (for 2020) and morbidity (for 2019), and assesses progress towards the health-related objectives of the EU’s zero pollution action plan. The impact of air pollution on ecosystems is also considered. This includes an assessment of progress towards the zero pollution action plan target to reduce the share of ecosystems damaged by air pollution, as well as a review of the impact of ozone on agricultural production. Finally, it presents the status of emissions of key air pollutants regulated in the EU and assesses emissions trends over the period 2005 to 2020. </span></p> <div class="fullwidth-bg eea-block bg-primary"> <p>This report is based on a range of background material produced by the <a href="https://epanet.eea.europa.eu/Eionet/etcs/etc-he">European Topic Centre on human health and the environment </a><span>(ETC/HE). References and links to online reports are provided in each chapter.</span></p> </div> <div class="eea-accordion-panels eea-accordion-panels-plain eea-accordion-panels-bordered-secondary non-exclusive"> <div class="eea-accordion-panel"> <h2 class="eea-accordion-title eea-icon-left-container">Identifiers</h2> <div class="pane">Report no. 05/2022<br />Title:<strong> <span>Air quality in Europe 2022</span></strong><br />HTML - <span>TH-AL-22-011-EN-Q</span> - ISBN <span>978-92-9480-515-7</span> - ISSN <span>1977-8449</span> - doi: <span>10.2800/488115</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fiche-endnotes"> <div class="fiche-endnotes-body"> <div class="" id="parent-fieldname-endnotes-1309a701c293480eaa3535edbcf87c26"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="related-wrapper fullwidth-bg eea-block bg-secondary"> <div id="relatedItems" class="relatedItems"> <h2 class="notoc">Related content</h2> <div class="sorter_ctl" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em; display:none;"> <label for="sort_by"> <span>Sort by:</span> <select name="sort_by" id="sort_by"> <option value="effective">Publishing date</option> <option value="title">Title</option> </select> </label> </div>  <div class="visualNoMarker" data-paginate-count="3"> <h3 class="notoc">Related briefings</h3> <div> <div class="photoAlbumEntry" data-effective="1669244700000" data-title="Impacts of air pollution on ecosystems"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/impacts-of-air-pollution-on-ecosystems" title="Impacts of air pollution on ecosystems" class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/impacts-of-air-pollution-on-ecosystems/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitleWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryType">Briefing</span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle">Impacts of air pollution on ecosystems</span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryDescription"></span> </a> </div> <div class="photoAlbumEntry" data-effective="1669244700000" data-title="Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution" title="Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022" class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitleWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryType">Briefing</span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle">Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022</span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryDescription">Air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe. 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Nevertheless, in 2020, lockdown measures adopted to minimise the spread of COVID-19 had a temporary impact on emissions of air pollution from road transport and led to improved air quality.</span> </a> </div> </div> <h3 class="notoc">See also</h3> <div> <div class="photoAlbumEntry" data-effective="1669244700000" data-title="Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022 Table 2."> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution-table2" title="Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022 Table 2." class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution-table2/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitleWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryType">Page</span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle">Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022 Table 2.</span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryDescription"></span> </a> </div> <div class="photoAlbumEntry" data-effective="1669244686972" data-title="Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022 Table 3."> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution-table3" title="Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022 Table 3." class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution-table3/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitleWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryType">Page</span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle">Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022 Table 3.</span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryDescription"></span> </a> </div> <div class="photoAlbumEntry" data-effective="1656367500000" data-title="Air pollution"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-burden-of-cancer/air-pollution" title="Air pollution" class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-burden-of-cancer/air-pollution/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitleWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryType">Page</span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle">Air pollution</span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryDescription">Air pollution (indoor and outdoor) is a major environmental risk for health in Europe, and a known cause of cancer, in particular of the lung. Though air pollution has improved on average in Europe, we are on average far from safe levels, with key cancer-causing pollutants like PM2.5 having no safe thresholds.</span> </a> </div> <div class="photoAlbumEntry" data-effective="1547043000000" data-title="Air pollution is the biggest environmental health risk in Europe"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-pollution-is-the-single" title="Air pollution is the biggest environmental health risk in Europe" class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/air-pollution-is-the-single/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitleWrapper expired"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryType">Storytelling</span> <div class="ribbon-wrapper"> <div class="ribbon">Archived</div> </div> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle">Air pollution is the biggest environmental health risk in Europe</span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryDescription">Air pollution is hard to escape, no matter where you live. It can seriously affect your health and the environment. Even though air quality in Europe has improved over recent decades, the levels of air pollutants still exceed EU standards and the most stringent World Health Organization guidelines.</span> </a> </div> <div class="photoAlbumEntry" data-effective="1233582450902" data-title="Publications"> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications" title="Publications" class=""> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryWrapperImg lazy" data-src="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/image_mini"></span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitleWrapper"> <span class="photoAlbumEntryType">Folder</span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryTitle">Publications</span> </span> <span class="photoAlbumEntryDescription"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mini-header-below-content-wrapper"> <div class="mini-header-below-content eea-accordion-panels eea-accordion-panels-plain eea-accordion-panels-bordered-primary non-exclusive collapsed-by-default"> <div class="disclaimer"> <b>Disclaimer</b> <p class="discreet">The country assessments are the sole responsibility of the EEA member and cooperating countries supported by the EEA through guidance, translation and editing.</p> </div> <div class="eea-accordion-panel eea-versions-portlet"> <h2 class="notoc eea-icon-left-container eea-accordion-title"> <span>Permalinks</span> </h2> <div class="pane"> <dl id="permalinks"> <dt>Permalink to this version</dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ds_resolveuid/1309a701c293480eaa3535edbcf87c26" title="1309a701c293480eaa3535edbcf87c26">1309a701c293480eaa3535edbcf87c26</a> </dd> <dt>Permalink to latest version</dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/ds_resolveuid/K2PEMF14XT" title="K2PEMF14XT">K2PEMF14XT</a> </dd> </dl> </div> </div>  <div class="geographical-coverage eea-accordion-panel"> <h3 class="notoc eea-accordion-title eea-icon-left-container" >Geographic coverage</h3> <div class="geotags pane"> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Austria</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Belgium</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Bulgaria</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Croatia</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Cyprus</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Czechia</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Denmark</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Estonia</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Finland</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">France</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Germany</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Greece</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Hungary</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Ireland</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Italy</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Latvia</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Lithuania</span> <span class="geotags-category" rel="tag">Luxembourg</span> <span 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Europe 2022 Air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in Europe and significantly impacts the health of the European population, particularly in urban areas. While emissions of key air pollutants and their concentrations in ambient air have fallen significantly over the past two decades in Europe, air quality remains poor in many areas. air quality air polllution The ‘Air quality in Europe’ report series from the European Environment Agency (EEA) presents annual assessments of air pollutant emissions and concentrations in ambient air across Europe, as well as associated impacts on health and the environment. The annual assessments are primarily based on official data reported to the EEA by European countries. \r\n \r\n Chapters of the Air quality in Europe 2022 report: \r\n \r\n Europe’s air quality status \r\n Health impacts of air pollution in Europe \r\n Ecosystems impacts of air pollution in Europe \r\n Sources and emissions of air pollutants in Europe \r\n \r\n \r\n In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) published new air quality guidelines following a systematic review of the latest scientific evidence demonstrating how air pollution damages human health. The European Union (EU) has also set standards for key air pollutants in the ambient air quality directives . In the European Green Deal , the European Commission committed to further improving air quality and to aligning EU air quality standards more closely with the WHO recommendations. This commitment was echoed in the zero pollution action plan , which set a vision for 2050 to reduce air, water and soil pollution to levels no longer considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems. In addition, the zero pollution action plan introduced targets for 2030, two of which focus on air and aim to: \r\n \r\n reduce the health impacts of air pollution (premature deaths) by more than 55%, compared to 2005; \r\n reduce the share of EU ecosystems where air pollution threatens biodiversity by 25%, compared to 2005. \r\n \r\n \r\n Stricter air quality standards would also contribute to the objectives of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan . Air pollution is a known cause of cancer in Europe; in particular, lung cancer ( EEA, 2022 ). \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n European Commission proposes new rules for cleaner air \r\n In October 2022, the European Commission published a proposal for a revision of the Ambient Air Quality Directive . Key measures are listed below. \r\n \r\n Stricter thresholds for pollution, more closely aligned with new limits set by the World Health Organization. \r\n Enhancing the right to clean air, improved access to justice. \r\n Current law does not include provisions for citizens to claim compensation for health damage due to air pollution. The new rules will bring more effective penalties and compensation possibilities for violating air quality rules. \r\n Strengthened rules for air quality monitoring to support preventive action and targeted measures. \r\n Requirements to improve air quality modelling, especially if and where air quality is poor. \r\n Better public information. \r\n \r\n \r\n The above measures are aligned with other legislative proposals, such as the revision of the Industrial Emissions Directive and recent proposals on Euro 7 emission standards for road vehicles, which will support the achievement of stricter air quality standards. \r\n \r\n \r\n This report analyses the status of concentrations of pollutants in ambient air in 2020 and 2021 — presented by pollutant and related to both EU air quality standards and the 2021 WHO guideline levels. It presents the health impacts of exposure to key air pollutants, both in terms of mortality (for 2020) and morbidity (for 2019), and assesses progress towards the health-related objectives of the EU’s zero pollution action plan. The impact of air pollution on ecosystems is also considered. This includes an assessment of progress towards the zero pollution action plan target to reduce the share of ecosystems damaged by air pollution, as well as a review of the impact of ozone on agricultural production. Finally, it presents the status of emissions of key air pollutants regulated in the EU and assesses emissions trends over the period 2005 to 2020. \r\n \r\n This report is based on a range of background material produced by the European Topic Centre on human health and the environment (ETC/HE). References and links to online reports are provided in each chapter. \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Identifiers \r\n Report no. 05/2022 Title: Air quality in Europe 2022 HTML - TH-AL-22-011-EN-Q - ISBN 978-92-9480-515-7 - ISSN 1977-8449 - doi: 10.2800/488115 \r\n \r\n ", "http://schema.org/headline": "Air quality in Europe 2022", "http://schema.org/image": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/air-quality-in-europe-2022/image_large" }, "http://schema.org/mainEntityOfPage": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/air-quality-in-europe-2022" }, "http://schema.org/publisher": { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu#organization" } }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/air-quality-in-europe-2022/image_mini", "@type": "http://schema.org/Image", "http://schema.org/height": "200px", "http://schema.org/width": "200px" }, { "@id": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/logo-square.png#logo", "@type": 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