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With just 13 players, the Sewanee team, known as the "Iron Men", had a six-day road trip with five shutout wins over [[1899 Texas A&M Aggies football team|Texas A&M]]; [[1899 Texas Longhorns football team|Texas]]; [[1899 Tulane Green Wave football team|Tulane]]; [[1899 LSU Tigers football team|LSU]]; and [[Ole Miss Rebels football|Ole Miss]]. Sportswriter [[Grantland Rice]] called the group "the most durable football team I ever saw."<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19411127&id=SaQhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4ZkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3862,5618014|title = Grantland Rice|date = November 27, 1941|work = Reading Eagle}}</ref> ==Football in 1899== [[American football]] in 1899 remained a variant of [[rugby football|rugby]], played with a virtually identical ball and sharing a fundamental prohibition of use of the [[forward pass]] to advance the ball.<ref>"Football Rules," in Walter Camp (ed.), ''Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide, 1899.'' New York: American Sports Publishing Co., 1899; p. 187.</ref> The game was played on a field 110 yards long and 53-1/3 yards wide, marked off with white lines parallel to the goal lines every five yards.<ref>Walter Camp, "An Introductory Chapter for Beginners," in Walter Camp (ed.), ''Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide, 1899.'' New York: American Sports Publishing Co., 1899; p. 5.</ref> The game was played by teams of 11 players, aligned typically with 7 "rushers" or "forwards" at the [[line of scrimmage]], and four "backs" behind them.<ref name=Camp9>Camp, "An Introductory Chapter for Beginners," p. 9.</ref> These were a [[quarterback]] immediately behind the line, two [[halfback (gridiron football)|halfbacks]] stationed a couple yards behind him, and a [[fullback (gridiron football)|fullback]] or "goal tend," who stood deep behind the halfbacks.<ref name=Camp9 /> Duration of the game was 70 minutes, divided into two 35-minute halves, which could be shortened by mutual consent,<ref>"Football Rules," p. 181.</ref> with play regulated by three officials.<ref name=Rules173>"Football Rules," p. 173.</ref> Teams were allowed three [[down (gridiron football)|downs]] to either advance the ball 5 yards or retreat towards their own goal 20 yards via running or lateral pass, otherwise being forced to surrender the ball to the defenders at the last spot.<ref name=Camp11>Camp, "An Introductory Chapter for Beginners," p. 11.</ref> All tackles had to be made above the knees.<ref name=Rules193>"Football Rules," p. 193.</ref> A pair of light sticks with a 5-yard length of stout cord or chain were used to measure the line-of-gain for a new first down.<ref name=Rules173 /> As with the modern game, teams typically did not turn over the ball on downs, since "if the prospects of completing the five-yard gain appear small, it is so manifestly politic to kick the ball as far as possible down the field..."<ref name=Camp13>Camp, "An Introductory Chapter for Beginners," p. 13.</ref> A dropkick or place-held field goal over the 10-foot crossbar and through the goalposts mounted at the goal line counted 5 points, as did a [[touchdown]].<ref name=Camp13 /> [[Safety (gridiron football score)|Safeties]] counted as 2 points, as the case remains today.<ref>"Football Rules," pp. 192.</ref> The possibility of an extra (6th) point followed each touchdown, with the scoring team given the option of a place-kick from any point on the field parallel to where the touchdown crossed the goal line; or a "punt out," in which the scoring team punted the ball from the end zone to a fair-catching teammate, which (if successfully executed) would provide the spot for a [[drop kick]] for the extra point.<ref name=Rules190-1>"Football Rules," pp. 190–191.</ref> The extra-point placekick was executed with the holder elevating the ball slightly above the ground as the defenders lined up at the goal line. The play began when the ball was touched to the ground, with a mad rush ensuing to block the kick.<ref name=Rules190-1 /> Players played both offense and defense without substitution; those being replaced due to exhaustion or injury were forbidden from returning for the duration to the game.<ref name=Rules193 /> Coaching from the sideline was expressly prohibited.<ref name=Rules193 /> ==Conference and program changes== ===Conference establishments=== *One conference played its final season in 1899: **[[Maryland Intercollegiate Football Association]] – active since 1894 ===Membership changes=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! School !! 1898 Conference !! 1899 Conference |- style="text-align:center;" | [[University of Arizona|Arizona]] [[Arizona Wildcats football|Varsity]] || ''Program Established'' || Independent |- style="text-align:center;" | [[Baylor University|Baylor]] [[Baylor Bears football|football]] || ''Program Established'' || Independent |- style="text-align:center;" | [[Davidson College|Davidson]] [[Davidson Wildcats football|Wildcats]] || Independent || [[Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association|SIAA]] |- style="text-align:center;" | [[Furman University|Furman]] [[Furman Paladins football|Hornets]] || Independent || [[Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association|SIAA]] |- style="text-align:center;" |[[Northern Illinois University|Northern Illinois State Normal]] [[Northern Illinois Huskies football|football]]||''Program Established'' || Independent |} ==Conference standings== ===Major conference standings=== {| cellpadding="5" |valign="top" width=25em|{{1899 Colorado Football Association standings}} |valign="top" width=25em|{{1899 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football standings}} |valign="top" width=25em|{{1899 Triangular Football League standings}} |- |valign="top" width=25em|{{1899 Western Conference football standings}} |} ===Independents=== {| cellpadding="5" |valign="top" width=25em|{{1899 Eastern college football independents records}} |valign="top" width=25em|{{1899 Midwestern college football independents records}} |valign="top" width=25em|{{1899 Southern college football independents records}} |- |valign="top" width=25em|{{1899 Pacific college football independents records}} |} ===Minor conferences=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !Conference !Champion(s) !Record |- | [[Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association]] | [[Kalamazoo Hornets football|Kalamazoo]] | 4–1 |} ==See also== * [[1899 College Football All-America Team]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons cat}} {{NCAA football season navbox}} [[Category:1899 college 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