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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American animator (1892–1983)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Otto Messmer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Messmer_by_Robert_Del_Tredici.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Otto_Messmer_by_Robert_Del_Tredici.jpg/250px-Otto_Messmer_by_Robert_Del_Tredici.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Otto_Messmer_by_Robert_Del_Tredici.jpg/330px-Otto_Messmer_by_Robert_Del_Tredici.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/Otto_Messmer_by_Robert_Del_Tredici.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="257" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Messmer in 1983</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Otto James Messmer</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1892-08-16</span>)</span>August 16, 1892<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Union_City,_New_Jersey" title="Union City, New Jersey">Union City, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 28, 1983<span style="display:none">(1983-10-28)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Ann Messmer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Felix_for_Judy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Felix_for_Judy.png/220px-Felix_for_Judy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Felix_for_Judy.png/330px-Felix_for_Judy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Felix_for_Judy.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a>, Messmer's best-known work</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Otto James Messmer</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>; August 16, 1892 – October 28, 1983) was an American <a href="/wiki/Animator" title="Animator">animator</a> known for his work on the <a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a> cartoons and <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> produced by the <a href="/wiki/Pat_Sullivan_(film_producer)" title="Pat Sullivan (film producer)">Pat Sullivan</a> studio. </p><p>The extent of Messmer's role in the creation and popularity of Felix is a matter of ongoing dispute, particularly as he only laid his claim to the character after the death of Sullivan, who until that time had received the credit.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Messmer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messmer was born on August 16, 1892, to a <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> family in <a href="/wiki/West_Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="West Hoboken, New Jersey">West Hoboken, New Jersey</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Union_City,_New_Jersey" title="Union City, New Jersey">Union City</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended Holy Family Parochial School. He had a love of <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> and the entertainment industry instilled in him by his parents and teachers which began at a young age. He attended the Thomas School of Art in New York City from 1911–1913, and participated in a work-study program with the Acme Agency, where he did <a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustrations</a> for fashion catalogs.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosero_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Messmer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messmer's first love, however, was <a href="/wiki/Cartooning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartooning">cartooning</a>. Inspired by <a href="/wiki/Winsor_McCay" title="Winsor McCay">Winsor McCay</a>'s animated films, such as <i><a href="/wiki/How_a_Mosquito_Operates" title="How a Mosquito Operates">How a Mosquito Operates</a></i>, Messmer began creating his comics for local newspapers in 1912, the same year he met Anne Mason, whom he married in 1934. One of his comics, <i>Fun</i>, ran as part of the Sunday comics' page for <i>New York World</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosero_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Messmer signed a deal with <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a> in 1915 to produce a test film of a character Messmer created called "Motor Mat". It was never released, but drew the interest of animator Pat Sullivan, though Messmer instead decided to go to work with <a href="/wiki/Henry_%22Hy%22_Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry "Hy" Mayer">Henry "Hy" Mayer</a>, a well-known cartoonist. Mayer and Messmer collaborated on the successful animated series <i>The Travels of Teddy</i>, which was based on the life of <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Teddy Roosevelt">Teddy Roosevelt</a>. Messmer would subsequently work for Sullivan, who handled the business side of the work, with Messmer handling creative responsibilities. When Sullivan served a nine-month prison sentence in 1917, Messmer briefly returned to work with Mayer, until Messmer was drafted into <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosero_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Messmer returned to the United States in 1919, he returned to Sullivan's studio, which was hired by director <a href="/wiki/Earl_Hurd" title="Earl Hurd">Earl Hurd</a> of <i>Paramount Screen Magazine</i> for a cartoon <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short</a> that would accompany a <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature film</a>. Sullivan gave the project to Messmer, whose end result, <i><a href="/wiki/Feline_Follies" title="Feline Follies">Feline Follies</a></i>, starred Master Tom, a black cat, who was a prototype to Felix, which brought good luck to people in trouble.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosero_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sullivan's involvement in the project is disputed. However, handwriting in the animation has been identified as his.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Sullivan's handwriting in 'Feline Follies', the Australian term for mother 'MUM' is used in a speech bubble of one of the kittens at the 4:00 mark of 'Feline Follies'. </p><p>Felix was the first cartoon character created and developed for the screen, as well as the first to become a licensed, mass merchandised character. Both his design and his unique character were highly influential. Sullivan took the credit for Felix, and though Messmer directed and was the lead animator on all of the episodes he appeared in, Sullivan's name was the only onscreen credit that appeared in them. Messmer also oversaw the direction of the Felix newspaper strip, doing most of the pencils and inks on the strip until 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosero_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Felix the Cat starred in over 150 cartoons until 1931, when animation studios began converting to <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound films</a>. The newspaper strip's popularity began to fade in the late 1930s, though the character was reintroduced to new fans via comic books in the 1940s. Messmer then teamed with <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Leigh" title="Douglas Leigh">Douglas Leigh</a> on the large moving electronic signs that lit up <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosero_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Messmer also produced more <i>Felix</i> comic books in the 1940s and 1950s for companies such as <a href="/wiki/Dell_Comics" title="Dell Comics">Dell Comics</a>, Toby Press, and <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Comics" title="Harvey Comics">Harvey Comics</a>, as well as doing animation for <a href="/wiki/Famous_Studios" title="Famous Studios">Famous Studios</a> (Several Popeye cartoons carry his credit). By the 1960s, Felix had been reinvented for <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, and Messmer's longtime assistant <a href="/wiki/Joe_Oriolo" title="Joe Oriolo">Joe Oriolo</a> (the creator of <a href="/wiki/Casper_the_Friendly_Ghost" title="Casper the Friendly Ghost">Casper the Friendly Ghost</a>) made sure that Messmer was finally credited as the creator of Felix the Cat. Messmer continued working on the character for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosero_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Messmer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Messmer died from a heart attack at <a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_Medical_Center" title="Holy Name Medical Center">Holy Name Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teaneck,_New_Jersey" title="Teaneck, New Jersey">Teaneck, New Jersey</a> on October 28, 1983. He was 91 years old. Today, Felix the Cat is run in syndication in over 250 newspapers all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosero_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Messmer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalcartoonists.com/in-memoriam/otto-messmer/">OTTO MESSMER</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/messmer_o.htm">"Otto Messmer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Otto+Messmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lambiek.net%2Fartists%2Fm%2Fmessmer_o.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Messmer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHinkelman2022" class="citation book cs1">Hinkelman, Jeffrey A. (February 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nTFYEAAAQBAJ&dq=otto+messmer+german&pg=PT68"><i>For No Reason at All: The Changing Narrative of the First World War in American Film</i></a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781496836953" title="Special:BookSources/9781496836953"><bdi>9781496836953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+No+Reason+at+All%3A+The+Changing+Narrative+of+the+First+World+War+in+American+Film&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2022-02-04&rft.isbn=9781496836953&rft.aulast=Hinkelman&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnTFYEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dotto%2Bmessmer%2Bgerman%26pg%3DPT68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Messmer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosero-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosero_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosero_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosero_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosero_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosero_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosero_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosero_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosero_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosero, Jessica (May 14, 2006). "Felix the Cat, created in Hudson County" <i>The Union City Reporter</i>. pp. 1 and 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vixenmagazine.com/News.html">"All Media and legends...A thumbnail dipped in tar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Media+and+legends...A+thumbnail+dipped+in+tar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vixenmagazine.com%2FNews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Messmer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vixenmagazine.com/felixjam.gif">A card by Pat Sullivan to Sir Hubert Wilkins (offering the best of wishes in his attempt to sail a submarine under the ice to the North Pole) was used as one of the matches for Sullivan's handwriting</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGill1983" class="citation news cs1">McGill, Douglas C. (October 29, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/29/obituaries/otto-messmer-is-dead-at-91-created-felix-the-cat-flims.html">"Otto Messmer is Dead at 91; Created 'Felix the Cat' Films"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Otto+Messmer+is+Dead+at+91%3B+Created+%27Felix+the+Cat%27+Films&rft.date=1983-10-29&rft.aulast=McGill&rft.aufirst=Douglas+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F10%2F29%2Fobituaries%2Fotto-messmer-is-dead-at-91-created-felix-the-cat-flims.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Messmer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Messmer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100519081408/http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~pringle/silent/ssotm/Apr99/">Mavromatis, Kally; "Felix the Cat – Silent Star of April 1999"</a>, accessed April 5, 2007.</li> <li>Gordon, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419100434">Felix the Cat</a> at <i>St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture</i>, accessed April 5, 2007.</li> <li>Canemaker, John. <i>Felix: the Twisted Tale of the World's Most Famous Cat</i>. New York: Pantheon, 1991.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Messmer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927123927/http://www.ottomessmer.com/">Otto Messmer.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0582250/">Otto Messmer</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6618871">Otto Messmer</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/messmer_o.htm">Lambiek Comiclopedia article</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Felix_the_Cat" title="Template:Felix the Cat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Felix_the_Cat" title="Template talk:Felix the Cat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Felix_the_Cat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Felix the Cat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Felix_the_Cat209" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Sullivan_(film_producer)" title="Pat Sullivan (film producer)">Pat Sullivan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Otto Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Oriolo" title="Joe Oriolo">Joe Oriolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Oriolo" title="Don Oriolo">Don Oriolo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat_filmography" title="Felix the Cat filmography">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Feline_Follies" title="Feline Follies">Feline Follies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Circus_(1920_film)" title="The Circus (1920 film)">The Circus</a> </i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Felix_in_Hollywood" title="Felix in Hollywood">Felix in Hollywood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Felix_Finds_Out" title="Felix Finds Out">Felix Finds Out</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_and_the_Kit" title="The Cat and the Kit">The Cat and the Kit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat_Trifles_with_Time" title="Felix the Cat Trifles with Time">Felix the Cat Trifles with Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Non-Stop_Fright" title="The Non-Stop Fright">The Non-Stop Fright</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flim_Flam_Films" title="Flim Flam Films">Flim Flam Films</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whys_and_Other_Whys" title="Whys and Other Whys">Whys and Other Whys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eskimotive" title="Eskimotive">Eskimotive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/April_Maze" title="April Maze">April Maze</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woos_Whoopee" title="Woos Whoopee">Woos Whoopee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forty_Winks_(1930_film)" title="Forty Winks (1930 film)">Forty Winks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat:_The_Movie" title="Felix the Cat: The Movie">Felix the Cat: The Movie</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat_(TV_series)" title="Felix the Cat (TV series)">Felix the Cat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twisted_Tales_of_Felix_the_Cat" title="The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat">The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baby_Felix" title="Baby Felix">Baby Felix & Friends</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Betty_Boop_and_Felix" title="Betty Boop and Felix">Betty Boop and Felix</a></i> (comic strip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat_(video_game)" title="Felix the Cat (video game)"><i>Felix the Cat</i></a> (video game)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat%27s_Cartoon_Toolbox" title="Felix the Cat's Cartoon Toolbox">Felix the Cat's Cartoon Toolbox</a></i> (video game)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></b> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Felix_the_Cat" title="Category:Felix the Cat">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winsor_McCay_Award_(1970s)376" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winsor_McCay_Award_1970s" title="Template:Winsor McCay Award 1970s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winsor_McCay_Award_1970s" title="Template talk:Winsor McCay Award 1970s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winsor_McCay_Award_1970s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winsor McCay Award 1970s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winsor_McCay_Award_(1970s)376" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winsor_McCay_Award" title="Winsor McCay Award">Winsor McCay Award</a> (1970s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;;width:1%">1972</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Fleischer" title="Max Fleischer">Max Fleischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Fleischer" title="Dave Fleischer">Dave Fleischer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;;width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;;width:1%">1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Tex Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friz_Freleng" title="Friz Freleng">Friz Freleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Babbitt" title="Art Babbitt">Art Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winsor_McCay" title="Winsor McCay">Winsor McCay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;;width:1%">1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">John Hubley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Hubley" title="Faith Hubley">Faith Hubley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_McLaren" title="Norman McLaren">Norman McLaren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;;width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Robert Cannon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Harman" title="Hugh Harman">Hugh Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ising" title="Rudolf Ising">Rudolf Ising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maltese" title="Michael Maltese">Mike Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Kimball" title="Ward Kimball">Ward Kimball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;;width:1%">1977</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hanna" title="William Hanna">Bill Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barbera" title="Joseph Barbera">Joe Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Blanc" title="Mel Blanc">Mel Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Fischinger" title="Oskar Fischinger">Oskar Fischinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Scott_(voice_actor)" title="Bill Scott (voice actor)">Bill Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milt_Kahl" title="Milt Kahl">Milt Kahl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;;width:1%">1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward" title="Jay Ward">Jay Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ub_Iwerks" title="Ub Iwerks">Ub Iwerks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Huemer" title="Dick Huemer">Dick Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_W._Stalling" title="Carl W. Stalling">Carl Stalling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Conried" title="Hans Conried">Hans Conried</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;;width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Geronimi" title="Clyde Geronimi">Clyde Geronimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Melendez" title="Bill Melendez">Bill Melendez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Questel" title="Mae Questel">Mae Questel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Otto Messmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winsor_McCay_Award" title="Winsor McCay Award">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Winsor_McCay_Award_1970s" title="Template:Winsor McCay Award 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Winsor_McCay_Award_1980s" title="Template:Winsor McCay Award 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Winsor_McCay_Award_1990s" title="Template:Winsor McCay Award 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Winsor_McCay_Award_2000s" title="Template:Winsor McCay Award 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Winsor_McCay_Award_2010s" title="Template:Winsor McCay Award 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Winsor_McCay_Award_2020s" title="Template:Winsor McCay Award 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2577021#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1547" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2577021#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1547" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2577021#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000063022814">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/50028397">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1731517/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyCKqMYwqR6m3YDWtvyh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119109042">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81086385">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12502030q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12502030q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00716408">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1790537">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p162284179">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/245670">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/12351519X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6573jn2">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Messmer&oldid=1282149087">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Messmer&oldid=1282149087</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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