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Sutton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian computer scientist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Richard S. Sutton</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada">FRSC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Sutton,_October_27,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg/220px-Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg/330px-Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Richard_Sutton%2C_October_27%2C_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="467" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian">Canadian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Canadian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Temporal_difference_learning" title="Temporal difference learning">Temporal difference learning</a>, Dyna, Options, GQ(λ)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AAAI" class="mw-redirect" title="AAAI">AAAI</a> Fellow <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_Award_(INNS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President's Award (INNS) (page does not exist)">President's Award (INNS)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Royal Society of Canada">Royal Society of Canada</a> Fellow <span style="font-size:85%;">(2016)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinforcement Learning">Reinforcement Learning</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://incompleteideas.net/papers/Sutton-PhD-thesis.pdf">Temporal credit assignment in reinforcement learning</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1984)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Barto" title="Andrew Barto">Andrew Barto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Silver_(programmer)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Silver (programmer)">David Silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doina_Precup" title="Doina Precup">Doina Precup</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://incompleteideas.net">incompleteideas<wbr />.net</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard S. Sutton</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada">FRSC</a></span></span> is a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientist</a>. He is a professor of computing science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a> and a research scientist at Keen Technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutton is considered one of the founders of modern computational <a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">reinforcement learning</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having several significant contributions to the field, including <a href="/wiki/Temporal_difference_learning" title="Temporal difference learning">temporal difference learning</a> and policy gradient methods.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_education">Life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Sutton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard Sutton was born in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and grew up in <a href="/wiki/Oak_Brook,_Illinois" title="Oak Brook, Illinois">Oak Brook, Illinois</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburb</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. </p><p>Sutton received his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> in 1978 before taking an <a href="/wiki/M.S." class="mw-redirect" title="M.S.">M.S.</a> (1980) and <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> (1984) in <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a> under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Barto" title="Andrew Barto">Andrew Barto</a>. His doctoral dissertation, <i>Temporal Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning</i>, introduced actor-critic architectures and temporal <a href="/wiki/Credit_assignment_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit assignment problem">credit assignment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was influenced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Klopf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Klopf (page does not exist)">Harry Klopf</a>'s work in the 1970s, which proposed that <a href="/wiki/Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning">supervised learning</a> is insufficient for AI or explaining intelligent behavior, and trial-and-error learning, driven by "hedonic aspects of behavior", is necessary. This focussed his interest to reinforcement learning.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Sutton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1984, Sutton was a <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">postdoctoral researcher</a> at the University of Massachusetts. </p><p>From 1985 to 1994, he was a principal member of technical staff in the Computer and Intelligent Systems Laboratory at <a href="/wiki/GTE" title="GTE">GTE</a> in <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, he spent 3 years at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a> as a senior research scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1998 to 2002, Sutton worked at the <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> Shannon Laboratory in <a href="/wiki/Florham_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Florham Park, New Jersey">Florham Park, New Jersey</a> as principal technical staff member in the artificial intelligence department.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2003, he has been a professor of computing science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a>. He led the institution's Reinforcement Learning and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory until 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While retaining his professorship, Sutton joined <a href="/wiki/Deepmind" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepmind">Deepmind</a> in June 2017 as a distinguished research scientist and co-founder of its <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a> office.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutton became a Canadian citizen in 2015 and renounced his US citizenship<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2017. </p><p>In a 2019 essay, Sutton criticized the field of AI research for failing "to learn the bitter lesson that building in how we think we think does not work in the long run", arguing that "70 years of AI research [had shown] that general methods that leverage computation are ultimately the most effective, and by a large margin", beating efforts building on human knowledge about specific fields like computer vision, speech recognition, chess or Go.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023 he and <a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> announced a partnership for the development of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence" title="Artificial general intelligence">AGI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Sutton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sutton, R. S., Barto, A. G., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://incompleteideas.net/book/first/the-book.html">Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction</a>. MIT Press, 1998. Also translated into Japanese and Russian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://incompleteideas.net/book/the-book.html">Second edition</a> MIT Press 2018.</li> <li>Miller, W. T., Sutton, R. S., Werbos, P. J. (Eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=prjMtIr_yT8C">Neural Networks for Control</a>. MIT Press, 1991.</li> <li>Sutton, R. S. (Ed.), Reinforcement Learning. Reprinting of a special issue of Machine Learning Journal. Kluwer Academic Press, 1992</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Sutton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sutton is fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Artificial_Intelligence" title="Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence">Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence</a> (AAAI) since 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003 he received the President's Award from the International Neural Network Society<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2013, the Outstanding Achievement in Research award from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutton's nomination as a AAAI fellow reads:<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For significant contributions to many topics in machine learning, including reinforcement learning, temporal difference techniques, and neural networks.</p></blockquote> <p>In 2016, Sutton was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Sutton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/john-carmack-and-rich-sutton-partner-to-accelerate-development-of-artificial-general-intelligence-1032654257">"John Carmack and Rich Sutton partner to accelerate development of Artificial General Intelligence"</a>. <i>markets.businessinsider.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=markets.businessinsider.com&rft.atitle=John+Carmack+and+Rich+Sutton+partner+to+accelerate+development+of+Artificial+General+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarkets.businessinsider.com%2Fnews%2Fstocks%2Fjohn-carmack-and-rich-sutton-partner-to-accelerate-development-of-artificial-general-intelligence-1032654257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052706/https://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/12/interview-rich-sutton-reinforcement-learning.html">"Exclusive: Interview with Rich Sutton, the Father of Reinforcement Learning"</a>. 2018-01-11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/12/interview-rich-sutton-reinforcement-learning.html">the original</a> on 2018-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exclusive%3A+Interview+with+Rich+Sutton%2C+the+Father+of+Reinforcement+Learning&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kdnuggets.com%2F2017%2F12%2Finterview-rich-sutton-reinforcement-learning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiatetsky2017" class="citation web cs1">Piatetsky, Gregory (December 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kdnuggets.com/exclusive-interview-with-rich-sutton-the-father-of-reinforcement-learning">"Exclusive: Interview with Rich Sutton, the Father of Reinforcement Learning"</a>. <i>KDnuggets</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KDnuggets&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Interview+with+Rich+Sutton%2C+the+Father+of+Reinforcement+Learning&rft.date=2017-12-05&rft.aulast=Piatetsky&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kdnuggets.com%2Fexclusive-interview-with-rich-sutton-the-father-of-reinforcement-learning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://incompleteideas.net/BriefBio.html">"Brief Biography for Richard Sutton"</a>. <i>incompleteideas.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=incompleteideas.net&rft.atitle=Brief+Biography+for+Richard+Sutton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fincompleteideas.net%2FBriefBio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuttonBarto2020" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Richard S.; Barto, Andrew (2020). <i>Reinforcement learning: an introduction</i> (Second ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. pp. 22–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-03924-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-03924-6"><bdi>978-0-262-03924-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reinforcement+learning%3A+an+introduction&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=22-23&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-262-03924-6&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Richard+S.&rft.au=Barto%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2021" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Michael (May 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amii.ca/latest-from-amii/ai-innovator-richard-sutton-named-royal-society/">"AI innovator Richard Sutton named to Royal Society"</a>. <i>Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alberta+Machine+Intelligence+Institute&rft.atitle=AI+innovator+Richard+Sutton+named+to+Royal+Society&rft.date=2021-05-10&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amii.ca%2Flatest-from-amii%2Fai-innovator-richard-sutton-named-royal-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepmind.com/blog/deepmind-office-canada-edmonton/">"DeepMind expands to Canada with new research office in Edmonton, Alberta"</a>. <i>DeepMind</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DeepMind&rft.atitle=DeepMind+expands+to+Canada+with+new+research+office+in+Edmonton%2C+Alberta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeepmind.com%2Fblog%2Fdeepmind-office-canada-edmonton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/ai-guru-rich-sutton-deepmind">"Edmonton AI guru Rich Sutton has lost his DeepMind but not his ambition"</a>. <i>National Post</i>. 2023-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=Edmonton+AI+guru+Rich+Sutton+has+lost+his+DeepMind+but+not+his+ambition&rft.date=2023-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fai-guru-rich-sutton-deepmind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2019" class="citation web cs1">Sutton, Rich (2019-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.incompleteideas.net/IncIdeas/BitterLesson.html">"The Bitter Lesson"</a>. <i>www.incompleteideas.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.incompleteideas.net&rft.atitle=The+Bitter+Lesson&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.incompleteideas.net%2FIncIdeas%2FBitterLesson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunstallWerraWolf2022" class="citation book cs1">Tunstall, Lewis; Werra, Leandro von; Wolf, Thomas (2022-01-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nTxbEAAAQBAJ&dq=sutton+%22bitter+lesson%22&pg=PT354"><i>Natural Language Processing with Transformers</i></a>. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-0981-0319-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-0981-0319-4"><bdi>978-1-0981-0319-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Language+Processing+with+Transformers&rft.pub=%22O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.%22&rft.date=2022-01-26&rft.isbn=978-1-0981-0319-4&rft.aulast=Tunstall&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft.au=Werra%2C+Leandro+von&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnTxbEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dsutton%2B%2522bitter%2Blesson%2522%26pg%3DPT354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/john-carmack-and-rich-sutton-partner-to-accelerate-development-of-artificial-general-intelligence-1032654257">"John Carmack and Rich Sutton partner to accelerate development of Artificial General Intelligence"</a>. <i>markets.businessinsider.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=markets.businessinsider.com&rft.atitle=John+Carmack+and+Rich+Sutton+partner+to+accelerate+development+of+Artificial+General+Intelligence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarkets.businessinsider.com%2Fnews%2Fstocks%2Fjohn-carmack-and-rich-sutton-partner-to-accelerate-development-of-artificial-general-intelligence-1032654257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaai.org/Awards/fellows-list.php">"Elected AAAI Fellows"</a>. <i>www.aaai.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aaai.org&rft.atitle=Elected+AAAI+Fellows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaai.org%2FAwards%2Ffellows-list.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inns.org/inns-award-recipients">"INNS Award Recipients"</a>. <i>www.inns.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.inns.org&rft.atitle=INNS+Award+Recipients&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inns.org%2Finns-award-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cics.umass.edu/people/outstanding-achievement-and-advocacy-award-recipients">"Outstanding Achievement and Advocacy Award Recipients"</a>. <i>College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst</i>. 2010-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=College+of+Information+and+Computer+Sciences%2C+University+of+Massachusetts+Amherst&rft.atitle=Outstanding+Achievement+and+Advocacy+Award+Recipients&rft.date=2010-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cics.umass.edu%2Fpeople%2Foutstanding-achievement-and-advocacy-award-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2016" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Michael (19 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ualberta.ca/the-quad/2016/09/u-of-a-scholars-join-ranks-of-royal-society.html">"U of A Scholars Join Ranks of Royal Society"</a>. <i>The Quad</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Quad&rft.atitle=U+of+A+Scholars+Join+Ranks+of+Royal+Society&rft.date=2016-09-19&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ualberta.ca%2Fthe-quad%2F2016%2F09%2Fu-of-a-scholars-join-ranks-of-royal-society.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/news/2021/05/new-fellows-announcement-2021/">"Royal Society elects outstanding new Fellows and Foreign Members"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Society">royalsociety.org</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+elects+outstanding+new+Fellows+and+Foreign+Members&rft.pub=royalsociety.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fnews%2F2021%2F05%2Fnew-fellows-announcement-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+S.+Sutton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Sutton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://richsutton.com">Richard Sutton's Homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6m4wv6gAAAAJ">Richard S. Sutton</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7328833#P1960" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1099442435">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91026635">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13485681m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13485681m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00829673">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sutton, Richard S."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ntk20191036070&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068581203">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90531659">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007430005605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05225970?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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Sutton"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6m4wv6gAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/48/6070">DBLP</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/296286">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/069252483">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Sutton&oldid=1245485684">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Sutton&oldid=1245485684</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_computer_scientists" title="Category:Canadian computer scientists">Canadian computer scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_Alberta" title="Category:Academic staff of the University of Alberta">Academic staff of the University of Alberta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Artificial_Intelligence" title="Category:Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence">Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stanford_University_alumni" title="Category:Stanford University alumni">Stanford University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst_alumni" title="Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni">University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_artificial_intelligence_researchers" title="Category:Canadian artificial intelligence researchers">Canadian artificial intelligence researchers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Category:Canadian fellows of the Royal Society">Canadian fellows of the Royal Society</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Template:Post-nominals_with_missing_parameters" title="Category:Pages using Template:Post-nominals with missing parameters">Pages using Template:Post-nominals with missing parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)" title="Category:Year of birth missing (living people)">Year of birth missing (living people)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 September 2024, at 07:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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